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We present a case report of a fetal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis after ultrasound abnormalities. After delivery, a type 3A intestinal atresia was diagnosed. Segmental enterectomy with end‐to‐end anastomosis was performed. This case report highlights the diagnosis complexity of a fetal intestinal atresia associated with cystic fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Societal Impact Statement: Biodiversity loss is happening at an unprecedented rate. Understanding and protecting biodiversity has never been more urgent, and scientific research is key to this. Fair and transparent access and benefit sharing policies enable research to take place, whilst supporting sustainable livelihoods of communities and ensuring benefits are shared. Current national legislation has been unevenly implemented and, in this article, we recommend frameworks be developed to standardize the provision and use of genetic resources for non‐commercial research. Summary: Access to genetic resources for scientific research is vital to support and promote the conservation and sustainable use of the world's biodiversity. The regulatory framework for research is stipulated by Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) legislation at a national level, but other elements – legal transparency, respect, cooperation, and trust – are essential for its effective and sustainable implementation. Despite the intention of this "ABS regime" to protect natural resources and associated knowledge from misappropriation, several studies have questioned whether national regulatory approaches have led to constraints on research and conservation.We analyse evidence and provide case studies on how these regulations are affecting research. We find that the number of Internationally Recognized Certificates of Compliance (IRCC) of the Nagoya Protocol (NP), the key compliance mechanism of the ABS system, doubled in the six months prior to February 2020 and analyse why this may be the case.Additionally, a survey of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Authorities in 28 countries, found differences in the way the Registered Scientific Institute scheme is interpreted and used to facilitate scientific research.Our results suggest while the regulatory systems are perceived as hindering research and conservation, regulatory mechanisms enabling responsible research are becoming increasingly functional. We argue that functional and transparent systems are needed for both regulators and researchers, to ensure that non‐commercial research can continue smoothly, and present conclusions to support research for the benefit of all countries and partners involved, through appropriate frameworks for implementation and reporting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social Impact Statement: Patents can be used as a measure of innovation and to illustrate the commercial potential of plant and fungal biodiversity. The proportion of plant species named in patents represents only 6.2% of plant species, whereas the proportion of fungi is likely less than 0.4%. Fungi clearly justify further research. Innovation on a species usually drives more innovation on that species. We suggest that we should ensure that commercialization frameworks encourage studies on a greater diversity of plants and fungi. This could not only increase the range of biodiversity‐based products and associated income but also incentivize their conservation and encourage more fundamental research. Summary: In this review, patents are used as a measure of innovation, and data show that a low proportion of plant and fungal biodiversity is mentioned in patents. The proportion of plant species named in patents represents only 6.2% of plant species, whereas the proportion of fungi is most likely less than 0.4%. The number of species within a plant family mentioned in patents varies greatly. The following families having the greatest numbers: Asteraceae with 1,445 species (4.5% of species), Fabaceae with 1,299 species (5.8%), Poaceae with 1,008 species (8.5%), and Rosaceae with 718 species (12.7%). Case studies from Brazil, Ethiopia, and South Africa explore some of the controversies associated with patenting, especially when patents have not taken prior art into account. In contrast, a case study on plants and fungi used in traditional Chinese medicine illustrates their economic value and their potential to support new innovations. Innovative ways to use plant and fungal biodiversity has the potential to generate wealth, reduce poverty, improve human well‐being and in theory incentivize biodiversity conservation. International and national policies and laws that aim to facilitate equitable benefit‐sharing associated with access to and use of genetic diversity need to be reviewed to help facilitate innovation, as well as ensure that the rights of communities to use these resources are recognized and supported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the association between periodontitis and self‐reported halitosis among young adults, and whether there is an interaction between the effects of smoking and periodontitis on halitosis. Methods: Data from the 1982 Pelotas birth cohort, Brazil, were used. The controlled direct effect of periodontitis on self‐reported halitosis, not mediated by tongue coating, was estimated using marginal structural modeling. In addition, an interaction between the effects of smoking and periodontitis on halitosis was also tested. Confounders comprised sociodemographic information, obesity, diabetes, and oral hygiene habits. Results: The controlled direct effect of periodontitis on halitosis not mediated by tongue coating showed that individuals with periodontitis had 90% higher risk of self‐reporting halitosis (RR 1.90) compared to healthy individuals. Individuals with mild periodontitis had twice the risk of reporting halitosis than periodontally healthy individuals (RR 2.31). We also found an interaction between the effects of smoking and periodontitis on halitosis, as noted among smokers with mild (RR 2.91) and moderate‐to‐severe periodontitis (RR 5.84). Conclusion: There is a controlled direct effect of periodontitis on halitosis not mediated by tongue coating. Additionally, an interaction between the effects of smoking and periodontitis on halitosis was also detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of biologically active compounds, i. e. benzothiophene‐3‐carbonitrile derivatives, were synthesized from 1,3‐cyclohexanediones and malononitrile in the presence of base using the well‐known Gewald reaction. This recyclable approach resulted in significant improvement in overall yield (85‐90%), high purity and minimized production of chemical waste without using toxic reagents. The formation of compound, 2‐amino‐7‐oxo‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐1‐benzothiophene‐3‐carbonitrile (3 a) was additionally supported by X‐ray crystallography and was found to crystallize in P21/n space group. The mode of binding of 3 a with human serum albumin (HSA) was studied by FTIR, UV spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) and molecular docking studies. The fluorescence results establish that compound 3 a interacted with HSA via static quenching mechanism with a binding affinity of 11.49 × 10−4 mol−1 and Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) of−6.8 kcal mol−1. Molecular docking has been used to calculate the probable mode of interaction of compound 3 a with HSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tetrazoles are incredibly useful organic molecules with a wide range of applications from medicinal chemistry as carboxylic acid isosteres to high energy density materials in space research. In an effort to develop an easy protocol for the synthesis of tetrazoles from nitriles, we used nano‐Ag‐TiO2 as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the reaction of various nitriles and sodium azide to afford 5‐substituted tetrazoles in excellent yields. By this method, a wide variety of aryl nitriles underwent [3 + 2] cycloaddition to afford tetrazoles in excellent yields. Further reaction of tetrazoles with ethylchloroacetate resulted in the formation of expected products, except for a bis‐tetrazole, which underwent ring opening and subsequent reaction to afford an unusual product. The bis‐tetrazole also formed an unusual polymeric sodium complex in aq. NaOH solution. X‐ray crystallography revealed a distorted octahedral geometry for the complex, which forms a three‐dimensional network of chains interlinked by bis‐tetrazole moieties through a network of H‐bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To systematically review the literature in order to investigate a potential association between periodontitis and halitosis. Methods Electronic searches were performed in four different databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Scielo. Population-based observational studies that tested the association between periodontitis and halitosis were included. Additionally, meta-analysis, meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to synthesize the evidence. Results A total of 1,107 articles were identified in electronic searches; out of which, five were included within the meta-analysis. Pooled estimates revealed that individuals with periodontitis presented 3.16 times higher odds ( OR 3.16; 95% CI: 1.12-8.95) of having halitosis. Meta-regression and subgroups analyses showed that criteria used for halitosis and periodontitis assessment explained nearly 45% and 24% of heterogeneity between studies, respectively. Conclusions Positive association between periodontitis and halitosis was found in pooled results of population-based observational studies. However, this evidence is derived from cross-sectional studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the crystal structure of tris(2 ,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)mono(bathophenanthroline)erbium(III), C57H73ErN2O6, the Er3+ ion is in an antiprismatic environment, surrounded by two N atoms and six O atoms. The β-diketonato ligands show structural disorder. The ac susceptibility studies conducted at frequencies from 33 to 9995 Hz and at temperatures from 1.7 to 10 K revealed that the application of a static magnetic field induces a slow magnetic relaxation. Two relaxation modes (fast relaxation = FR; slow relaxation = SR) could be distinguished with energy barriers UFR/ kB = 15.6 K and USR/ kB = 22.4 K and relaxation times of 10-6 and 10-4 s, respectively. The Er3+ compound is luminescent in the solid state, emitting in the near IR region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the effectiveness of benzodioxole derivatives as coinitiators of radical polymerization in a model-dental adhesive resin. To compose the adhesive resin, a monomer mixture based on 50 wt % of Bis-GMA, 25 wt % of TEGDMA, and 25 wt % of HEMA was used. Camphorquinone (CQ) 1 mol % was used as a photoinitiator to initiate polymerization. 1,3-Benzodioxole (BDO) and piperonyl alcohol (PA) were used as coinitiators at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 mol % level. In addition, tertiary amine, ethyl 4-dimethylamino benzoate (EDAB) was used as coinitiator in the control group. Some physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of the polymer formed in the experimental adhesives were evaluated using the kinetics of polymerization, sorption and solubility, flexural strength, and elastic modulus tests. The results indicated that BDO and PA were effective coinitiators in the photoinitiator system based on CQ. Comparisons between the benzodioxoles derivative coinitiators and EDAB showed similar performance in the kinetics of polymerization and flexural strength. For water sorption and solubility evaluation, BDO and PA demonstrated significantly more sorption of water and less solubility than the EDAB control group. The findings suggest that BDO and PA were feasible alternatives to conventional amine as coinitiator. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naphthoquinones undergo 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with bicyclic münchnones generated from thiazolidines affording new pyrrolo-thiazoles with a fused quinone nucleus. The products were obtained as single enantiomers in good yields. These benzo[f]thiazolo[4,3-a]isoindole-6,11(1H,3H)-diones are comprised of four fused rings and present a very planar structure. The evaluation of their anticancer activity against melanoma A375 and colorectal adenocarcinoma WiDr human cell lines showed only moderate activity but gave insight into the modeling of new structures. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at www.interscience.wiley.com.] J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study about 3-Oxoandrosta-4,6-dien-17Β-yl 2-methyl-1H-imidazole-1-carboxylate and 3-oxo-5a-androst-17Β-yl 2-methyl-1H-imidazole-1-carboxylate. The study observes the significant differences in both molecular conformation and supramolecular aggregation between the molecules of the title compounds. It found large differences in the solid-state conformations compared with those obtained theoretically from ab initio methods isolated molecules.

The title compound, C23H30N2O3, prepared in a one-step reaction from the commercially available 1,10-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) and testosterone,crystallizes with two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. The imidazole carbonyloxy group is in an equatorial position. The molecules are joined in layers parallel to the ac plane via C—H⋯O intermolecular interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the solid state, the title compound, C15H23NO4, forms centrosymmetric dimers in which individual mol­ecules are linked by intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The pyrrole ring is planar within 0.004 (9) Å. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies the structure of the organic compound ethyl 3,5-dimethyl-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate. Conformation; Angle between the planes of the phenyl and pyrrole rings; Bond length.

Examines the hydrogen-bonding interactions in ethyl 4-acetyl-5-methyl-3-phenyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate monohydrate. Link between hydrogen bonds, substituted pyrrole and water molecules to form infinite chains; Molecular structure; Weighted average of the absolute torsion angles of the pyrrole ring.

Describes the crystal structure of the compound, ethyl 4-dodecyl-3,5,-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate. Intermolecular interactions in an amphiphilic pyrrole; Synthesis of Langmuir-Blodgett films of porphyrins; Hydrogen-bonding capability of the aromatic electron clouds; Formation of carbon chains.

The title compound, C3H7NO2·C3H8NO2+·NO3−, contains l-alanine-alaninium dimers bonded via the carboxyl groups by a strong asymmetric hydrogen bond with an O⋯O distance of 2.4547 (19) Å. The neutral alanine mol­ecule exists as a zwitterion, where the carboxyl group is dissociated and the amino group is protonated. The alaninium cation has both groups in their acidic form. The alanine mol­ecule and the alaninium cation differ only slightly in their conformation, having an N-Cα-C=O torsion angle close to −25°. The dimers and the nitrate anion are joined through a three-dimensional hydrogen-bond network, in which the full hydrogen-bonding capabilities of the amino groups of the two alanine moieties are realised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the synthesis of R[sup 4][sub 4](30) rectangular rings in 2,5-dioxopiperazine-1,4-diacetic acid by cyclization of iminodiacetic acid dimethyl ester. Formation of a network of rectangular rings; Hydrogen-bonding geometry; Crystal structure of the compound.

In the title compound, C14H15NO, the molecules are joined via C—H...O interactions into chains along the b axis. The planes of the pyrrole and benzene rings are at an angle of 62.17 (10)° with respect to each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Conduits used in coronary artery bypass artery grafting (CABG) have different properties and flow profiles. We compared intraoperative mean graft flow (MGF) between arterial and venous conduits, off-pump CABG (OPCABG) and on-pump CABG (ONCABG) procedures, skeletonized and pedicled internal mammary artery (IMA) grafts, and pulsatility index (PI) between OPCABG and ONCABG, in pairwise meta-analyses., Methods: Following a systematic literature search, all studies comparing MGF in arterial and venous grafts, were included. The primary endpoint was comparison of pooled MGF between arterial and venous grafts. Secondary endpoints were comparisons of pooled MGF in OPCABG vs ONCABG, anastomosed skeletonized vs pedicled IMA grafts, free skeletonized vs pedicled IMA grafts and PI in OPCABG versus ONCABG., Results: A total of 25 studies with 4443 patients were included. Compared with venous grafts, arterial grafts had lower MGF (standardized mean difference [SMD], -0.28; 95% confidence interval [CI, -0.34; -0.22]; P < .001). OPCABG was associated with significantly lower MGF compared to ONCABG (SMD, -0.29; 95%CI, -0.50; -0.08]; P = .01). No differences were found in MGF between skeletonized vs pedicled IMA after anastomosis (SMD, 0.32; 95%CI [-0.08; 0.71]; P = .11) or in free flow (SMD, 0.76; 95%CI [-0.14; 1.65]; P = .10). No difference was found in PI between OPCABG and ONCABG. At meta-regression, age was associated with higher MGF, while OPCABG was associated with lower MGF., Conclusions: Intraoperative flow of venous conduits is higher than that of arterial grafts. Compared to OPCABG surgery, graft flow is higher in ONCABG. In skeletonized and pedicled IMA conduits, no difference in flow profiles was found., (© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

In the title compound, [K(C10H5ClO2F3)(H2O)] n , the two independent K(+) ions are located on a twofold rotation axis. For each of the cations, the distorted cubic coordination environment is defined by two F and four O atoms of symmetry-related 1,4-chloro-phenyl-4,4,4-tri-fluoro-butane-1,3-dionate anions and by two O atoms of water mol-ecules. The μ4-bridging character of the anion and the μ2-bridging of the water mol-ecule lead to the formation of layers parallel to (100). The coordinating water mol-ecules are also involved in O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds that reinforce the mol-ecular cohesion within the layers, which are stacked along [100]. The β-diketonate anion is not planar, with an angle of 31.78 (10)° between the mean planes of the diketonate group and the chloro-phenyl ring.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C24H16N2·0.5CH3OH, is comprised of two independent bathophenanthroline mol-ecules (systematic name: 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) and one methanol mol-ecule. The bathophenanthroline mol-ecules are not planar as there is a considerable rotation of all terminal phenyl rings with respect to the central phenanthroline units [dihedral angles in the range 52.21 (12)-62.14 (10)°]. In addition, a non-negligible torsion is apparent in one of the phenanthroline units: the angle between the mean planes of the two pyridine rings is 14.84 (13)°. The methanol solvent mol-ecule is linked to both N atoms of a bathophenanthroline mol-ecule through a bifurcated O-H⋯(N,N) hydrogen bond.

In the title molecular salt, C6H10N2 (2+)·2ClO4 (-), the Cl-O bond lengths [anion 1: 1.369 (3)-1.415 (3); anion 2: 1.420 (2)-1.441 (2) Å] and the O-Cl-O angles [anion 1: 105.4 (2)-111.8 (4); anion 2: 107.8 (1)-110.3 (1)°] indicate a slight distortion of the perchlorate anions from regular tetra-hedral symmetry. In the crystal, the components are linked into columns along the a-axis direction via N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, with stacks of the organic mol-ecules being surrounded by stacks of perchlorate anions.

The structure of the title compound, [Cu(C14H9NO4)(C12H8N2)] n , consists of zigzag polymeric chains along the c axis. The asymmetric unit contains one Cu(II) atom which is coordinated by one 2,2'-imino-dibenzoate ligand and a one phenanthroline unit. Two intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds occur. The supra-molecular structure is characterized by weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking inter-actions, forming a three-dimensional supramolecular network. The shortest centroid-centroid distances between neighbouring phenanthroline aromatic rings and 2,2'-imino-dibenzoate rings are 3.684 (1) and 3.640 Å, respectively. The shortest intra-chain Cu⋯Cu distance is 7.2885 (9) and the shortest Cu⋯Cu distance between Cu atoms in different chains is 7.1103 (6) Å.

In the title Schiff base, C21H14N4O4, the dihedral angle between the two nitro groups and the central benzene ring are 83.6 (5) and 2.6 (6)°. The anthracene ring system and the benzene ring make a dihedral angle of 0.7 (2)°. Intra-molecular N-H⋯O and C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds occur. In the crystal, C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules, forming chains along the b-axis direction.