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With the development and generalization of endoscopic technology and screening, clinical application of magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy (MCCG) has been increasing. In recent years, various types of MCCG are used globally. Therefore, establishing relevant guidelines on MCCG is of great significance. The current guidelines containing 23 statements were established based on clinical evidence and expert opinions, mainly focus on aspects including definition and diagnostic accuracy, application population, technical optimization, inspection process, and quality control of MCCG. The level of evidence and strength of recommendations were evaluated. The guidelines are expected to guide the standardized application and scientific innovation of MCCG for the reference of clinicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complexity of metabolic profiles makes chemometric tools indispensable for extracting the most significant information. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) acts as one of the most effective strategies for data analysis in metabonomics. However, its actual efficacy in metabonomics is often weakened by the high similarity of metabolic profiles, which contain excessive variables. To rectify this situation, particle swarm optimization (PSO) was introduced to improve PLS-DA by simultaneously selecting the optimal sample and variable subsets, the appropriate variable weights, and the best number of latent variables (SVWL) in PLS-DA, forming a new algorithm named PSO-SVWL-PLSDA. Combined with 1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabonomics, PSO-SVWL-PLSDA was applied to recognize the patients with lung cancer from the healthy controls. PLS-DA was also investigated as a comparison. Relatively to the recognition rates of 86% and 65%, which were yielded by PLS-DA, respectively, for the training and test sets, those of 98.3% and 90% were offered by PSO-SVWL-PLSDA. Moreover, several most discriminative metabolites were identified by PSO-SVWL-PLSDA to aid the diagnosis of lung cancer, including lactate, glucose (α-glucose and β-glucose), threonine, valine, taurine, trimethylamine, glutamine, glycoprotein, proline, and lipid. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the effects of cytosolic CRT on MR-induced MMEC injury, and the underlying mechanism. Methods: MMECs were randomized into eight groups: control, AdCRT (infected with pAdCMV/V5-DEST-CRT adenovirus), stCRT (transfected with rCRT-siRNAs), Mock (transfected with scrambled siRNAs), MR (exposed to MR for six minutes), AdCRT + MR, stCRT + MR, and Mock + MR. The magnitude of cell injury were assessed by Annexin V-PI staining, LDH activity in culture medium, MMEC migration ability, ultrastructure and cytoskeletal stability. Subcellular colocalization of CRT and ConA or integrin were evaluated by immunocytochemistry. The mRNA and protein expression levels of target genes were examined by qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Results: MR-induced cytotoxicity was dose-dependent. Overexpression of cytosolic CRT suppressed MR injury, shown as decreased cell apoptosis, reduced LDH activity, enhanced cell migration capability, and maintenance of ultrastructure and cytoskeleton integrity. Conversely, CRT deficiency aggravated MR-induced injury. Exposure of AdCRT MMECs to MR promoted membrane translocation of CRT and the interaction of CRT-integrin-α. Correlation analysis revealed that integrin-α expression or FAK phosphorylation was positively associated with cytosolic CRT expression. Conclusions: Cytosolic CRT inhibits MR-induced MMEC injury through activation of the integrin-FAK pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This study was designed to evaluate whether exogenous CRT was beneficial for alleviating MR-induced injury by suppressing ER stress in rat MMECs. Methods MMECs were pretreated with CRT (25 pg/mL) for 12 hours, followed by the exposure to 2.856 GHz radiation at a mean power density of 30 mW/cm2 for six minutes. MR-induced injury in MMECs was evaluated by LDH leakage, apoptosis, and cell viability analysis. The expression of GRP78, CRT, CHOP, Bcl-2, and Bax were examined by Western blot analysis to reflect ER stress response and ER stress-related apoptosis. Results MR induced marked MMECs injury, as shown by increased LDH leakage and apoptosis rate and decreased cell viability. MR also induced excessive ER stress, characterized by increased expression of GRP78 and CRT, and ER stress-related apoptotic signaling as well, as shown by the upregulation of CHOP and Bax and the downregulation of Bcl-2. Exogenous CRT pretreatment remarkably attenuated MR-induced cell apoptosis and LDH leakage, ER stress, and activation of the ER stress-related apoptotic signaling. Conclusions Exogenous CRT attenuates MR-induced ER stress-related apoptosis by suppressing CHOP-mediated apoptotic signaling pathways in MMECs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study demonstrated the possibility of utilizing the ytterbium (Yb)-based internal standard near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic measurement technique coupled with multivariate calibration for quantitative analysis of tea, including total free amino acids and total polyphenols in tea. Yb is a rare earth element aimed to compensate for the spectral variation induced by the alteration of sample quantity during the spectral measurement of the powdered samples. Boosting was invoked to be combined with least-squares support vector regression (LS-SVR), forming boosting least-squares support vector regression (BLS-SVR) for the multivariate calibration task. The results showed that the tea quality could be accurately and rapidly determined via the Yb-based internal standard NIR spectroscopy combined with BLS-SVR method. Moreover, the introduction of boosting drastically enhanced the performance of individual LS-SVR, and BLS-SVR compared favorably with partial least-squares regression. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the title compound, C(22)H(21)ClN(4)O(2)S, the bicyclic triazolopyrimidine ring system is nearly planar, and oriented at dihedral angles of 89.45 (3)° with respect to the chlorobenzene ring and 87.03 (3)° with respect to the terminal phenyl ring. In the crystal structure, mol-ecules are linked by π-π stacking inter-actions between the triazolopyrimidine rings [centroid-centroid distances of 3.88 (1) and 3.63 (1) Å].

In the title compound, C(16)H(17)ClN(4)O(2)S, the bicyclic triazolopyrimidine ring system is nearly planar and oriented with respect to the benzene ring at a dihedral angle of 87.24 (3)°. In the crystal structure, inter-molecular N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into centrosymmetric dimers; an intra-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bond is also present.