Search

Short‐term wind speed prediction is essential for economical wind power utilization. The real‐world wind speed data are typically intermittent and fluctuating, presenting great challenges to existing shallow models. In this paper, we present a novel deep hybrid model for multistep wind speed prediction, namely, LR‐FFT‐RP‐MLP/LSTM (linear fast Fourier transform rank pooling multiple‐layer perceptron/long short‐term memory). Our hybrid model processes the local and global input features simultaneously. We leverage RP for the local feature extraction to capture the temporal structure while maintaining the temporal order. Besides, to understand the wind periodic patterns, we exploit FFT to extract global features and relevant frequency components in the wind speed data. The resulting local and global features are, respectively, integrated with the original data and are fed into an MLP/LSTM layer for the initial wind speed predictions. Finally, we leverage a linear regression layer to collaborate these initial predictions to produce the final wind speed prediction. The proposed hybrid model is evaluated using real wind speed data collected from 2010 to 2020, demonstrating superior forecasting capabilities when compared with state‐of‐the‐art single and hybrid models. Overall, this study presents a promising approach for improving the accuracy of wind speed forecasting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) pneumonia has become an increasingly important public health problem. Recent evidence suggests that epigenetic modifications are critical in the host immune defence against pathogen infection. In this study, we found that S. aureus infection induces the expression of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, by using a S. aureus pneumonia mouse model, we showed that the HDAC6 inhibitor, tubastatin A, demonstrates a protective effect in S. aureus pneumonia, decreasing the mortality and destruction of lung architecture, reducing the bacterial burden in the lungs and inhibiting inflammatory responses. Mechanistic studies in primary bone marrow‐derived macrophages demonstrated that the HDAC6 inhibitors, tubastatin A and tubacin, reduced the intracellular bacterial load by promoting bacterial clearance rather than regulating phagocytosis. Finally, N‐acetyl‐L‐ cysteine, a widely used reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, antagonized ROS production and significantly inhibited tubastatin A‐induced S. aureus clearance. These findings demonstrate that HDAC6 inhibitors promote the bactericidal activity of macrophages by inducing ROS, an important host factor for S. aureus clearance and production. Our study identified HDAC6 as a suitable epigenetic modification target for preventing S. aureus infection, and tubastatin A as a useful compound in treating S. aureus pneumonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blue hydrogen produced from fossil fuels is recognized as a promising large‐scale technology for realizing the hydrogen economy. Membrane‐based separation is emerging as a viable alternative to traditional hydrogen purification technologies. Here, we present a facile strategy for fabricating carbon molecular sieve (CMS) hollow fiber membranes containing uniformly dispersed palladium (Pd) nanoparticles. The Pd nanoparticles, anchored in the carbon strands of CMS membranes, induced the carbon matrix toward a more ordered structure arrangement through a synergistic effect of entropy‐driven size exclusion and acceleration of graphitization. As a result, the doped Pd nanoparticles facilitated the formation of ultramicropores <3.3 Å in the CMS membranes, which enabled a precise molecular sieving ability between H2 and CO2 with H2/CO2 selectivity up to 247. Furthermore, the membrane presented good mixed gas separation performances and was stable for over 250 h under simulated harsh industrial conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self‐recoverable mechanoluminescence (ML) is becoming a novel technology widely used in the fields of sensing, display, and artificial intelligence. The dominant ML material, ZnS: Mn2+, is reported to solely present a yellow emission color, which limits the applications of self‐recoverable ML materials to a large extent. Herein, an effective strategy to extend the ML emission range of ZnS: Mn2+ by the ferromagnetic coupling of Mn2+ ions are reported. Under the thermal carbon‐reduction atmosphere (TCRA), the emission ranges of ML, photoluminescence (PL), and persistent luminescence spectra of ZnS: Mn2+ phosphors are all successfully broadened from yellow to red. Furthermore, as for the PL and ML intensities of ZnS: Mn2+, they are intensified to 1.76 and 3.23 folds larger under the TCRA treatment than those in pure nitrogen, respectively. Various spectra and magnetic test results reveal that the red emission bands of ZnS: Mn2+ @TCRA phosphors originate from the ferromagnetic coupling of Mn2+ ions. This study is the first to realize strong red emission and tunable multicolor luminescence in the conventional ZnS‐based phosphors, which introduces opportunities for discovering the multiband emissions of Mn2+ ion in other compounds. Brightly multicolored ZnS: xMn2+ @TCRA elastic films have been fabricated to demonstrate their anti‐counterfeiting and security applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mulberry leaf is a widely used protein feed and is often used as a strategy to reduce feed costs and improve meat quality in the livestock industry. However, to date, there is a lack of research on the improvement of meat quality using mulberry leaves, and the exact mechanisms are not yet known. The results showed that fermented mulberry leaves significantly reduced backfat content but had no significant effect on intramuscular fat (IMF). Lipidomic analysis showed that 98 and 303 differential lipid molecules (p < 0.05) were identified in adipose and muscle tissues, respectively, including triglycerides (TG), phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingolipids, and especially TG; therefore, we analysed the acyl carbon atom number of TG. The statistical results of acyl with different carbon atom numbers of TG in adipose tissue showed that the acyl group containing 13 carbon atoms (C13) in TG was significantly upregulated, whereas C15, C16, C17, and C23 were significantly downregulated, whereas in muscle tissue, the C12, C19, C23, C25, and C26 in TG were significantly downregulated. Acyl changes in TG were different for different numbers of carbon atoms in different tissues. We found that the correlations of C (14–18) in adipose tissue were higher, but in muscle tissue, the correlations of C (18–26) were higher. Through pathway enrichment analysis, we identified six and four metabolic pathways with the highest contributions of differential lipid metabolites in adipose and muscle tissues respectively. These findings suggest that fermented mulberry leaves improve meat quality mainly by inhibiting TG deposition by downregulating medium‐ and short‐chain fatty acids in backfat tissue and long‐chain fatty acids in muscle tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has a significant impact on the immune system. This is the first and largest study on pre‐existing immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) patients infected with COVID‐19 in China. We prospectively collected ITP patients infected with COVID‐19 enrolled in the National Longitudinal Cohort of Hematological Diseases (NICHE, NCT04645199) and followed up for at least 1 month after infection. One thousand and one hundred forty‐eight pre‐existing ITP patients were included. Two hundred and twelve (18.5%) patients showed a decrease in the platelet (PLT) count after infection. Forty‐seven (4.1%) patients were diagnosed with pneumonia. Risk factors for a decrease in the PLT count included baseline PLT count <50 × 109/L (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.25–2.46; p = 0.001), maintenance therapy including thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO‐RAs) (OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.60–3.21; p < 0.001) and previous splenectomy (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.09–3.61; p = 0.03). Risk factors for pneumonia included age ≥40 years (OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.12–5.33; p = 0.02), ≥2 comorbidities (OR, 3.47; 95% CI, 1.63–7.64; p = 0.001), maintenance therapy including TPO‐RAs (OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.17–3.91; p = 0.01) and immunosuppressants (OR, 3.05; 95% CI, 1.17–7.91; p = 0.02). In this cohort study, we described the characteristics of pre‐existing ITP patients infected with COVID‐19 and identified several factors associated with poor outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The quality and quantity of hematopoietic stem cells in apheresis products are essential to the success of peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (PB‐HSCT). While the flow cytometry measurement of CD34+ cells as a golden standard for stem cell count is labor and cost‐intensive, hematopoietic progenitor cell number evaluated by XN Sysmex series automated hematology analyzers (XN‐HPC) is suggested as a surrogate marker. Materials and methods: We evaluated the correlation and consistency of XN‐HPC and CD34+ cell count in apheresis samples from both allogeneic donors and autologous patients during PB‐HSCT. Results: Good correlation and consistency were observed between XN‐HPC and CD34+ cell counts in harvests collected from healthy donors (R =.852) rather than autologous patients (R =.375). Subgroup analysis showed that the correlation was especially poor when autologous patients used plerixafor as an additional mobilizer or were diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM). In the setting of allogeneic transplantation, the correlation coefficients were even better in samples from non‐first‐round apheresis (R =.951), with high white blood cell (WBC) counts (R =.941), or having successful engraftment within 2 weeks (R =.895). ROC analysis suggested that an optimal XN‐HPC count of 1127 × 106/L best predicted a sufficient yield of CD34+ stem cells, with diagnostic sensitivity and specificity being 92% and 72%, respectively (AUC = 0.852). Conclusions: XN‐HPC is a sufficient quantitative marker for stem cell assessment of harvest yield in allogeneic but not autologous HSCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near‐infrared (NIR) phosphors are enablers for NIR phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes (pc‐LEDs). However, fewer NIR‐emitting phosphors with both high internal/external quantum efficiency (IQE/EQE) and thermal stability are discovered, which obstructs the promotion of NIR pc‐LEDs. Herein, by partially replacing Al3+ in K‐β‐Al2O3:2Cr3+ with Ga3+, the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of the solid solution K1+δ(Al0.4Ga0.6)11O17:2Cr3+, (KA0.4G0.6O:Cr) phosphor is increased 2.75 and 1.25 times that of end‐members K1+δAl11O17:2Cr3+ (KAO:Cr) and K1+δGa11O17:2Cr3+ (KGO:Cr). The IQE/EQE of optimal KA0.4G0.6O:Cr reaches 88.9%/50.8% with high thermal stability (77.4%@150 °C). The PL intensity enhancement is due to the Al/Ga‐6O octahedral volume and distortion variation caused by the substitution of Ga3+ for Al3+ in K1+δ(Al1‐y,Gay)11O17:2Cr3+ (KA1‐yGyO:Cr), which leads to the forbidden d–d transition being broken and crystal field strength varied. Finally, a NIR pc‐LED device fabricated based on KA0.4G0.6O:Cr NIR‐emitting phosphor and blue chip reaches an electro‐optical efficiency of 16.3% under a drive current of 100 mA. Meanwhile, non‐destructive detection and plant germination applications of the NIR pc‐LED are demonstrated. These results prove that KA0.4G0.6O:Cr is a promising NIR phosphor for diverse applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite offering remarkable advantages as solvents, double salt ionic liquids (DSILs) have been scarcely studied for extractive dearomatization from hydrocarbons as well as many other applications, thus urging a theoretical guidance method. In this work, a systematic framework combining the rational screening validation and mechanistic analysis is proposed for tailoring DSILs for the o‐xylene/n‐octane separation. From an initial pool of commercially available ionic liquids (ILs), key thermodynamic properties of paired DSILs are predicted by COSMO‐RS while their important physical properties are estimated from those of corresponding parent ILs (retrieved from experimental database or predicted by a deep learning model). Promising DSILs are tested by liquid–liquid equilibrium experiments, wherein the effect of ion ratio is also evaluated. The mechanism underlying the tunability of DSIL thermodynamic properties is disclosed by quantum chemistry calculation and molecular dynamics simulation. This work can be a valuable reference for guiding the design of DSILs for diverse applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) has an aggressive clinical course, and paclitaxel (PTX)‐based chemotherapy remains the main therapeutic drug. Metadherin (MTDH) acts as an oncogene that regulates proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and chemoresistance. This study aimed to investigate whether TNBC chemosensitivity to PTX was related to the MTDH/AKT/glycogen synthase kinase‐3beta (GSK‐3β) pathway. Clinical baseline characteristics and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to evaluate the expression and prognosis of MTDH and AKT (protein kinase B, PKB) in TNBC patient samples. MTDH shRNA, MTDH overexpression vector, MK‐2206, and PTX intervention were used in cell models and mouse tumor‐bearing models. Afterwards, mRNA and protein levels were assessed using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Evaluate the level of tumor cell apoptosis and cell cycle using flow cytometry. Cell viability was detected using Cell Count Kit 8. The in vivo imaging system is used to analyze the growth of tumors. We found that higher expression of MTDH or AKT resulted in poorer disease‐free survival and a lower Miller–Payne grade. MTDH promotes cell proliferation and increases p‐AKT and p‐GSK‐3β expression in TNBC cells. Notably, suppression of AKT terminated MTDH overexpression‐induced cell proliferation and apoptosis. MTDH knockdown or the AKT inhibitor MK2206 reduced the p‐AKT and p‐GSK‐3β ratio, reduced cell viability and proliferation, increased cell apoptosis, and increased chemosensitivity to PTX. In vivo, xenograft tumors of an MTDH knockdown+MK2206 group treated with PTX were the smallest compared to other groups. In short, MTDH inhibits TNBC chemosensitivity to PTX by activating the AKT/GSK‐3β signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blue–violet phosphor is an essential component to realize full spectrum lighting on the basis of commercial 365 nm N‐UV chip excitation. However, its development falls behind since the phosphor with small stokes‐shift (ΔS) is hard to realize. Herein, a new blue–violet phosphor SrSc4Si5O17:Ce3+ with small ΔS (∼30 nm) is presented. SrSc4Si5O17:Ce3+ emits bright blue–violet luminescence peaking at 390 nm, and the internal/external quantum efficiency can reach 73.4%/50.4% under 365 nm excitation. The unique luminescence performance of the phosphor is related closely to its crystal structure. The host‐referred bind energy (HRBE) diagram is also successfully constructed to illustrate its thermal quenching behavior. Finally, the packaged white light‐emitting diodes based on the 365 nm N‐UV chip, SrSc4Si5O17:Ce3+, and other high‐performance phosphors have an ultra‐high color rendering index (Ra = 95.9), indicating that SrSc4Si5O17:Ce3+ is a potential candidate for various applications, including indoor healthy lighting and agricultural lighting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neuronal abnormalities are closely associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). Available evidence suggests a role for microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating the expression of genes involved in MDD. Hence, miRNAs that can be potential therapeutic targets need to be identified. Methods: A mouse model of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) was used to evaluate the function of miRNAs in MDD. miR‐144‐5p was screened from the hippocampi of CUS mice based on sequencing results. Adenovirus‐associated vectors were used to overexpress or knockdown miR‐144‐5p in mice. BpV(pic) and LY294002 were used to determine the relationship between miR‐144‐5p target genes PTEN and TLR4 in neuronal impairment caused by miR‐144‐5p deficiency. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, ELISA immunosorbent assay, and Golgi staining were used to detect neuronal abnormalities. Serum samples from healthy individuals and patients with MDD were used to detect miR‐144‐5p levels in the serum and serum exosomes using qRT‐PCR. Results: miR‐144‐5p expression was significantly decreased within the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of CUS mice. Upregulation of miR‐144‐5p in the DG ameliorated depression‐like behavior in CUS mice and attenuated neuronal abnormalities by directly targeting PTEN and TLR4 expression. Furthermore, miR‐144‐5p knockdown in normal mice led to depression‐like behavior via inducing neuronal abnormalities, including abnormal neurogenesis, neuronal apoptosis, altered synaptic plasticity, and neuroinflammation. miR‐144‐5p deficiency‐mediated neuronal impairment was mediated by PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling. Furthermore, miR‐144‐5p levels were downregulated in the sera of patients with MDD and associated with depressive symptoms. Consistently, serum exosome‐derived miR‐144‐5p levels were decreased in patients with MDD. Conclusion: miR‐144‐5p plays a vital role in regulating neuronal abnormalities in depression. Our findings provide translational evidence that miR‐144‐5p is a new potential therapeutic target for MDD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work introduced a scalable and integrated machine learning (ML) framework to facilitate important steps of building quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) models for molecular property prediction. Specifically, the molecular descriptor generation, feature engineering, ML model training, model selection and ensembling, as well as model validation and timing, are integrated into a single workflow within the proposed framework. Unlike existing modeling methods relying upon human experts that primarily focus on model/hyperparameter selection, the proposed framework succeeds by ensembling multiple models and stacking them in multiple layers. The high efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed framework are demonstrated through comparisons with literature‐reported QSPR models using identical datasets in three property modeling case studies, that is, the flash point temperature, the melting temperature, and the octanol–water partition coefficients. While requiring much less modeling time, the resultant models by the proposed framework present better predictive performance as compared with the reference models in all three case studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regional transport and vertical mixing are important for aerosol pollution of megacities, but their roles are often challenging to assess via ground observations. In this study, we measured aerosol chemical composition simultaneously above urban canopy (Shanghai Tower, 609 m), a site representative of aerosols from regional scale, and a nearby ground site and investigated the roles of regional transport and vertical mixing over 2020 COVID‐19 lockdown period (1 January to 18 April), when local emissions were first drastically reduced and then recovered. During the lockdown period, regional transport was the major source of most aerosol species (organics, NO3−, SO42−, and NH4+) at both heights according to the high correlation coefficients (R = 0.81–0.87) between both heights. Correlation coefficients and vertical ratios (609 m/ground) of most aerosol components showed similar diurnal variations with the evolution of planetary boundary layer height, indicating the role of vertical mixing in aerosol pollution. Moreover, the concentrations of aerosol components at 609 m generally preceded those at ground level by 1–2 hr, indicating that aerosols were first transported at upper boundary layer, and then were mixed downwards to ground level. At 609 m, highly oxidized oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA; a surrogate of secondary organic aerosol (SOA)) dominated in organic aerosol (≥75%). The high correlations (R = 0.96) between OOA and hydrocarbon‐like organic aerosol (HOA; a surrogate of primary organic aerosol (POA)) at 609 m indicated that they originated similarly from regional transport. This study highlights the importance of regional joint prevention and control of pollutant emissions and observation above urban canopy. Plain Language Summary: Aerosol pollution in megacities is mainly due to local anthropogenic emissions and regional transport from surrounding areas. Based on ground observations and model simulations, previous studies have found that regional transport was the main source of aerosols in Shanghai when local emissions were limited during the COVID‐19 lockdown in 2020, but lacking direct observational evidence at height above urban canopy and the role of planetary boundary layer dynamics. By combining the observations of aerosol chemical composition at a site of Shanghai Tower (609 m above ground level) and a nearby ground site, this study points out the roles of regional transport and vertical mixing within the boundary layer in the occurrence of aerosol pollution in Shanghai during COVID‐19 in 2020. Specifically, most aerosol species are transported mainly from northern surrounding areas and East China Sea to Shanghai urban canopy, and the subsequent vertical mixing process along with the development of boundary layer contributes to aerosols at ground level. Moreover, both secondary and primary organic aerosols are transported from regional scale which could age during transport. We highlight that combination of observations at different heights will facilitate analyzing the roles of regional transport and boundary layer mixing in aerosol pollution. Key Points: Regional transport is the major source of aerosols in Shanghai during the COVID‐19 lockdown in 2020Downward vertical mixing within planetary boundary layer coupled with regional transport leads to aerosol pollution observed on the groundOrganic aerosol at 609 m is mostly constituted by SOA (≥75%) and both the SOA and POA are mainly from regional source [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of death and disability. Recently developed cardiac patches provide mechanical support and additional conductive paths to promote electrical signal propagation in the MI area to synchronize cardiac excitation and contraction. Cardiac patches based on conductive polymers offer attractive features; however, the modest levels of elasticity and high impedance interfaces limit their mechanical and electrical performance. These structures also operate as permanent implants, even in cases where their utility is limited to the healing period of tissue damaged by the MI. The work presented here introduces a highly conductive cardiac patch that combines bioresorbable metals and polymers together in a hybrid material structure configured in a thin serpentine geometry that yields elastic mechanical properties. Finite element analysis guides optimized choices of layouts in these systems. Regular and synchronous contraction of human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes on the cardiac patch and ex vivo studies offer insights into the essential properties and the bio‐interface. These results provide additional options in the design of cardiac patches to treat MI and other cardiac disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoting the interfacial Li+ transport and suppressing detrimental lithium dendrites are the main challenges for developing practical solid‐state lithium metal batteries. In this respect, interface rationalizing to synergize the enhancement of ion transport and suppression of lithium dendrites is of paramount significance. Herein, a novel strategy is demonstrated to address those issues by a designed multifunctional composite interlayer. The photocrosslinkable polymer is introduced in a scalable elastic skeleton, which promotes the migration and diffusion of Li+. Moreover, adding perfluoropolyether in the interlayer benefits to regulating the formation of LiF‐rich interface, sufficiently suppress the growth of lithium dendrites. Benefitting from the elasticity, high Li+ conductivity and the lithium dendrites suppression capability, the interlayer can significantly improve the interfacial performance of the solid electrolyte/lithium interface, thus leading to the greatly enhanced electrochemical performance of solid‐state lithium metal batteries. A high critical current density of 3.6 mA cm−2 and a long cycling life at 1.0 mA cm−2 for >400 h are achieved for the symmetric cells. Besides, when used in a pouch‐type full cell coupled with LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode, a high charged capacity of 3.25 mAh cm−2 can be maintained through 20 cycles, demonstrating its great potentials for practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing highly efficient and stable electrode‐electrolyte interface for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) electrosynthesis remains challenging. Inhibiting the competitive side reaction, 4 e− oxygen reduction to H2O, is essential for highly selective H2O2 electrosynthesis. Instead of hindering excessive hydrogenation of H2O2 via catalyst modification, we discover that adding a hydrogen‐bond acceptor, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), to the KOH electrolyte enables simultaneous improvement of the selectivity and activity of H2O2 electrosynthesis. Spectral characterization and molecular simulation confirm that the formation of hydrogen bonds between DMSO and water molecules at the electrode‐electrolyte interface can reduce the activity of water dissociation into active H* species. The suitable H* supply environment hinders excessive hydrogenation of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), thus improving the selectivity of 2 e− ORR and achieving over 90 % selectivity of H2O2. This work highlights the importance of regulating the interfacial hydrogen‐bond environment by organic molecules as a means of boosting electrochemical performance in aqueous electrosynthesis and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distortion of polyhedra is frequently used in the structure–property analysis of inorganic materials. The commonly used Baur distortion index (BDI) loses efficacy in dealing with equi‐length polyhedra. This work provides an online calculator to characterize the polyhedral distortion on the basis of the best fitted idealized polyhedron (BFIP) method. This method can determine any subtle change between distorted and corresponding idealized polyhedra. It works by fitting an idealized oriented polyhedron of user‐selected type to a collection of center and vertex coordinates on an orthonormal basis. The input only needs the coordinates of the center and ligand atoms. It can be accessed at http://bfip.crystalstructure.cn. The function is demonstrated using a distorted MgO6 octahedron. Examples of the application and comparison with the BDI are given, including a tetrahedron, octahedron, eight‐vertex triangular dodecahedron/cube and cuboctahedron. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the conventional persistent luminescence (PersL) charging processes, carriers are photo‐pumped to the conduction band (CB) or high‐energy excited states (HES) under short‐wavelength UV or coherent near‐infrared (NIR) laser excitation. Herein, electron tunneling charging behavior is reported in Cr3+, Sm3+ co‐doped NIR PersL magnetoplumbite SrGa12O19, which allows for efficient charging by incoherent visible light. First, the electrons are efficiently captured by the neighboring GaII‐O2− electron–hole trap centers via a tunneling process, and then these excited electrons are transferred to shallow traps via a persistently energetic optical pump. This work further optimizes the PersL performance via engineering the energy band through partial substitution of In3+ for Ga3+. Consequently, tunneling charging occurring near the neighboring Cr3+‐traps dimers enables Sr(Ga,In)12O19:Cr3+,Sm3+ to display brighter NIR PersL (≈760 nm, peak; ≈100 nm, FWHM) than gallate spinel under sunlight irradiation. This work provides insights into electron tunneling charging under low‐energy excitation for NIR PersL, which may inspire more PersL explorations for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanoluminescence (ML), as an optical response to deformation stimuli, shows great potential in high‐end stress sensing, ultrasonic field visualization, and multidimensional anti‐counterfeiting. However, processive practical applications in bio‐medicine are constrained by the discovery of near‐infrared (NIR) ML materials. Unlike lanthanides (Ln3+) with sharp multiplets, two kinds of Cr3+‐doped NIR ML materials, gallate spinel (ZnGa2O4:Cr3+, Zn3Ga2GeO8:Cr3+) and gallate magnetoplumbite (SrGa12O19:Cr3+) are here reported. Owing to the intrinsic cation antisite defects and cation vacancies in the matrix, these materials exhibit bright NIR ML under a relatively low load (20 N). In particular for SrGa12O19:Cr3+ (750 nm, peak; 100 nm, FWHM) with low persistent luminescence (PersL) interference, the ML behavior can be further rejuvenated under UV and sunlight irradiation. SrGa12O19:Cr3+ also shows bright NIR emission under photo‐ and thermo‐stimulation. Owing to their excellent tissue penetration and concealment capability, NIR ML materials show great potential in the fields of bio‐medicine and anti‐counterfeiting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tanabe–Sugano diagram is a successful guideline for the energy levels of 3dn electrons for half a century. However, it is developed only under the regular octahedral crystal field. With the surging research interests in the near‐infra‐red luminescence of 3d block transition‐metal elements, it becomes an urgent demand to know the energy level diagram of Cr4 + and Mn5 + with 3d2 configuration, which are usually embedded in the tetrahedral site due to the smaller ionic size. Although the Tanabe–Sugano diagram of 3d8 configuration in octahedron is usually used as a substitution for that of 3d2 configuration in tetrahedron, the result mismatches with the crystal field strength and emission profile. In this work, irreducible tensor operator method is applied to derive the full analytical expressions of 3d2 energy levels in the tetrahedral crystal field, based on which the Tanabe–Sugano diagram of 3d2 configuration in tetrahedron is built for the first time. Also provided is a set of formulas for fast estimation of Dq/B$Dq/B$ values, which shows consistency between the crystal field strength and the emission profile among Cr4+, Mn5+‐doped luminescent materials. As it is hoped, this work could provide more deep insights into the luminescence of 3d2 elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cr3+/Cr4+‐activated near‐infrared (NIR) luminescent materials have attracted extensive attention owing to their tunable emission wavelength and widespread applications in plant growth, food analysis, biomedical imaging, night vision, and so on. Plenty of excellent NIR materials are developed by introducing Cr3+/Cr4+ ion to various inorganic hosts. Herein, the effect of crystal field on Cr3+/Cr4+ luminescence by combining the Tanabe–Sugano energy level diagram and configuration coordinate model is discussed. Research progress of Cr3+/Cr4+‐doped NIR luminescent materials, including the phosphors designed from structural models with octahedral, tetrahedral, and other coordination types, is then outlined. The luminescence properties of more than 200 kinds of Cr3+/Cr4+‐doped materials are summarized. In particular, several strategies for tuning emission wavelength, broadening emission band, enhancing NIR luminescence efficiency, and improving thermal stability, are listed. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects in the research of Cr3+/Cr4+‐doped NIR luminescent materials are presented. This review will contribute to a deeper understanding of not only Cr3+/Cr4+ luminescence mechanism but also the current research progress of chromium‐doped luminescent materials, so as to develop more Cr3+/Cr4+‐activated NIR luminescent materials with better performance and explore more applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the economic impacts of regional integration on a small, less developed jurisdiction in a dynamic fiscal competition environment. The trade‐offs between the economic benefits and the loss of policy flexibility resulting from integration are analyzed from the perspectives of fiscal revenue and GDP per capita. Our results show that the small jurisdiction's loss of flexibility in policymaking can dominate the other effects of integration. Specifically, if the small jurisdiction's efficiency in providing public inputs is originally sufficiently high (low), regional integration always reduces (improves) its net revenue, independently of the extent of efficiency improvement due to integration. However, when the small jurisdiction's efficiency is originally intermediate, the impact on net revenue crucially depends on the magnitude of the efficiency effect. Our analysis also characterizes the trade‐offs resulting from integration between policy flexibility on the one hand and capital mobility and fiscal equalization on the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid‐state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) are attracting increasing attentions as one of the promising next‐generation technologies due to their high‐safety and high‐energy density. Their practical application, however, is hindered by lithium dendrite growth and propagation in solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs). Herein, an in situ grain boundary modification strategy relying on the reaction between Li2TiO3 (LTO) and Ta‐substituted garnet‐type electrolyte (LLZT) is developed, which forms LaTiO3 along with lesser amounts of LTO/Li2ZrO3 at the grain boundaries (GBs). The second phases of LTO/Li2ZrO3 inhibit abnormal grain growth. The presence of LaTiO3 at the GBs reduces electronic conductivity and improves mechanical strength, which can hinder dendrite formation and block lithium dendrite penetration through the LLZT. Moreover, the adjacent grains by LaTiO3 build a continuous Li+ transport path, providing a homogeneous Li+ flux throughout the whole LLZT‐4LTO. As a result, symmetric cells of Li | LLZT‐4LTO | Li shows a high critical current density of 1.8 mA cm−2 and a long cycling stability up to 2000 h at 0.3 mA cm−2. Moreover, the high‐voltage full cells demonstrate remarkable cycling stability and rate performance. It is believed that this novel grain boundary modification strategy can shed light on the constructing of high‐performance SSEs for practical SSLMBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate prediction of infinite dilution activity coefficient (γ∞) for phase equilibria and process design is crucial. In this work, an experimental γ∞ dataset containing 295 solutes and 407 solvents (21,048 points) is obtained through data integrating, cleaning, and filtering. The dataset is arranged as a sparse matrix with solutes and solvents as columns and rows, respectively. Neural collaborative filtering (NCF), a modern matrix completion technique based on deep learning, is proposed to fully fill in the γ∞ matrix. Ten‐fold cross‐validation is performed on the collected dataset to test the effectiveness of the proposed NCF, proving that NCF outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art physical model and previous machine learning model. The completed γ∞ matrix makes solvent screening and extension of UNIFAC parameters possible. Taking two typical hard‐to‐separate systems (benzene/cyclohexane and methyl cyclopentane/n‐hexane mixtures) as examples, the NCF‐developed database provides high‐throughput screening for separation systems in terms of solvent selectivity and capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PhI(OAc)2/CuI‐promoted ring rearrangement of 1,3‐azasilinyl‐4‐epoxides has been developed. The reaction proceeds by a Si−C bond migration/oxidation process, leading to structurally novel 2‐silamorpolines containing an aryl/aldehyde groups‐substituted quaternary carbon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of cross‐linked and physical blends of nitrocellulose (NC) with oxirane‐tetrahydrofuran copolyether (PEOT) in different proportions were prepared using toluene‐2,4‐diisocyanate (TDI) as a crosslinking agent. The critical mechanical properties were evaluated by a universal material tensile testing machine and the dynamic mechanical thermal analyses (DMA). The reaction mechanism of the crosslinking process as well as the interaction between NC and PEOT were studied through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). It was shown that as the mass fraction of PEOT increases, the Tg of the polymer blends gradually decreases, which can reach as low as −22.3 °C. It was further indicated that the low‐temperature mechanical properties of NC were significantly improved after blending. In comparison to the physical blending polymers, the miscibility between NC and PEOT was improved after cross‐linking reaction with TDI. When the mass fraction of NC was 50 %, the tensile strength of NC/PEOT physical blend and NC/PEOT/TDI cross‐linked blend reaches 20.82 MPa and 24.93 MPa, respectively. The corresponding elongation at break of these two systems was 96.58 % and 102.7 %, which means the toughening effect of PEOT on NC could be enhanced by crosslinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The prognostic factors to stratify acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) with double‐mutated CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein alpha (CEBPAdm) into different risk groups remains to be determined. In this retrospective study, we evaluated 171 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed AML with CEBPAdm by a Cox proportional hazards regression model. In univariate analyses, colony stimulating factor 3 receptor (CSF3R) and Wilms tumour 1 (WT1) mutations were associated with poor relapse‐free survival (RFS). The induction regimens including homoharringtonine (omacetaxine mepesuccinate) or intermediate‐dose cytarabine was associated with favourable RFS and overall survival (OS). The induction regimen including both homoharringtonine and intermediate‐dose cytarabine was associated with the most favourable RFS (3‐year RFS 84.7%) and OS (3‐year OS 92.8%) compared to the conventional cytarabine and daunorubicin regimen (3‐year RFS 27.7%, hazard ratio [HR] 0.126, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.051–0.313, Wald p < 0.001; and 3‐year OS 56.4%, HR 0.179, 95% CI 0.055–0.586, Wald p = 0.005). In multivariate analyses, the induction regimen including intermediate‐dose cytarabine (HR 0.364, 95% CI 0.205–0.646, Wald p < 0.001) and CSF3R mutations (HR 2.667, 95% CI 1.276–5.572, Wald p = 0.009) were independently associated with RFS. Taken together, we found that induction regimen and CSF3R mutations were independent prognostic factors for AML with CEBPAdm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wearable electronics have attracted extensive attentions over the past few years for their potential applications in health monitoring based on continuous data collection and real‐time wireless transmission, which highlights the importance of portable powering technologies. Batteries are the most used power source for wearable electronics, but unfortunately, they consist of hazardous materials and are bulky, which limit their incorporation into the state‐of‐art skin‐integrated electronics. Sweat‐activated biocompatible batteries offer a new powering strategy for skin‐like electronics. However, the capacity of the reported sweat‐activated batteries (SABs) cannot support real‐time data collection and wireless transmission. Focused on this issue, soft, biocompatible, SABs are developed that can be directly integrated on skin with a record high capacity of 42.5 mAh and power density of 7.46 mW cm−2 among the wearable sweat and body fluids activated batteries. The high performance SABs enable powering electronic devices for a long‐term duration, for instance, continuously lighting 120 lighting emitting diodes (LEDs) for over 5 h, and also offers the capability of powering Bluetooth wireless operation for real‐time recording of physiological signals for over 6 h. Demonstrations of the SABs for powering microfluidic system based sweat sensors are realized in this work, allowing real‐time monitoring of pH, glucose, and Na+ in sweat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coloration and hatchability of insect eggs can affect individual and population survival. However, few genetic loci have been documented to affect both traits, and the genes involved in regulating these two traits are unclear. The silkworm recessive mutant rel shows both red egg color and embryo mortality. We studied the molecular basis of the rel phenotype formation. Through genetic analysis, gene screening and sequencing, we found that two closely linked genes, BGIBMGA003497 (Bm‐re) and BGIBMGA003697 (BmSema1a), control egg color and embryo mortality, respectively. Six base pairs of the Bm‐re gene are deleted in its open reading frame, and BmSema1a is expressed at abnormally low levels in mutant rel. BmSema1a gene function verification was performed using RNA interference and clustered randomly interspersed palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associate protein 9. Deficiency of the BmSema1a gene can cause the death of silkworm embryos. This study revealed the molecular basis of silkworm rel mutant formation and indicated that the Sema1a gene is essential for insect embryo development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new method for integrated ionic liquid (IL) and absorption process design is proposed where a rigorous rate‐based process model is used to incorporate absorption thermodynamics and kinetics. Different types of models including group contribution models and thermodynamic models are employed to predict the process‐relevant physical, kinetic, and thermodynamic (gas solubility) properties of ILs. Combining the property models with process models, the integrated IL and process design problem is formulated as an MINLP optimization problem. Unfortunately, due to the model complexity, the problem is prone to convergence failure. To lower the computational difficulty, tractable surrogate models are used to replace the complex thermodynamic models while maintaining the prediction accuracy. This provides an opportunity to find the global optimum for the integrated design problem. A pre‐combustion carbon capture case study is provided to demonstrate the applicability of the method. The obtained global optimum saves 14.8% cost compared with the Selexol process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Broadband near‐infrared phosphors are essential to realize nondestructive analysis in food industry and biomedical areas. Efficient long‐wavelength (>830 nm) phosphors are strongly desired for practical applications. Herein, we demonstrate an efficient broadband NIR phosphor LiInGe2O6:Cr3+, which exhibits a broad NIR emission peaking at ~880 nm with a full width at half maximum of 172 nm upon 460 nm excitation. The internal/external quantum efficiencies of LiInGe2O6:Cr3+ are measured to be 81.2% and 39.8%, respectively. The absorption of the phosphor matches well with commercial blue LEDs. Using the fabricated phosphor converted LED illuminating human palm, distribution of blood vessels can be clearly recognized under a NIR camera. These results indicate that LiInGe2O6:Cr3+ is a promising candidate to be used in future non‐destructive biological applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Injured peripheral nerves typically exhibit unsatisfactory and incomplete functional outcomes, and there are no clinically approved therapies for improving regeneration. Post‐operative electrical stimulation (ES) increases axon regrowth, but practical challenges, from the cost of extended operating room time to the risks and pitfalls associated with transcutaneous wire placement, have prevented broad clinical adoption. This study presents a possible solution in the form of advanced bioresorbable materials for a type of thin, flexible, wireless implant that provides precisely controlled ES of the injured nerve for a brief time in the immediate post‐operative period. Afterward, rapid, complete, and safe modes of bioresorption naturally and quickly eliminate all of the constituent materials in their entirety, without the need for surgical extraction. The unusually high rate of bioresorption follows from the use of a unique, bilayer enclosure that combines two distinct formulations of a biocompatible form of polyanhydride as an encapsulating structure, to accelerate the resorption of active components and confine fragments until complete resorption. Results from mouse models of tibial nerve transection with re‐anastomosis indicate that this system offers levels of performance and efficacy that match those of conventional wired stimulators, but without the need to extend the operative period or to extract the device hardware. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the ionic liquid (IL)‐solute systems of broad interest, a deep neural network based recommender system (RS) for predicting the infinite dilution activity coefficient (γ∞) is proposed and applied for a large extension of the UNIFAC model. In the RS, neural network entity embeddings are employed for mapping each IL and solute, and neural collaborative filtering is utilized to handle the nonlinearities of IL‐solute interactions. A comprehensive experimental γ∞ database covering 215 ILs and 112 solutes (totally 41,553 data points) is established for training the RS, where the cross‐validation and test are performed based on a rigorous dataset split by IL‐solute combinations. The obtained RS shows superior performance than the state‐of‐the‐art γ∞ prediction models and is thus taken to complete the solute‐in‐IL γ∞ matrix. Based on the completed γ∞ database, a large extension of the UNIFAC‐IL model is finally presented, filling all the parameters between involved groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid‐state batteries (SSBs) promise high energy density and strong safety due to using nonflammable solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) and high‐capacity Li metal anode. Ta‐substituted Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZT) SSE possesses superior ionic conductivity and stability with Li metal, yet the interfacial compatibility and lithium dendrite hazards still hinder its applications. Herein, an interfacial engineering is demonstrated by facile acid‐salt (AS) treatment on LLZT, constructing a 3D cross‐linking LiF‐LiCl (CF) network. Such structure facilitates Li wetting via capillary permeation. Notably, CF as electronically insulting phases block the electrons through the interface and ulteriorly suppress the dendrite formation. The assembled Li symmetric cell exhibited a low interfacial impedance (11.6 Ω cm2) and high critical current densities (CCDs) in the time‐constant mode, 1.8 mA cm−2 at 25 °C and 3.6 mA cm−2 at 60 °C, respectively. Meanwhile, by exploring the capacity‐constant mode of CCD measurement, the concept of critical areal capacity (CAC) is first proposed, obtaining its values of ≈0.5 mAh cm−2 at 25 °C and 1.2 mAh cm−2 at 60 °C. Moreover, the safety‐enhanced hybrid SSBs matched with LiFePO4 and LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 deliver a remarkable rate and cycling performances, validating the feasibility of this interfacial engineering in various SSB systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Broadband near‐infrared (NIR) phosphors have received increasing attention for fabricating phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes (pc‐LEDs) as NIR light source. Most of the reported broadband NIR phosphors originate from Cr3+ in weak crystal field environments. Herein, we report a luminescent material, MgAlSiN3:Mn2+ with CaAlSiN3‐type structure, demonstrating that broadband deep‐red‐to‐NIR emission can be achieved via doping Mn2+ into crystallographic sites with strong crystal field in inorganic solids. This phosphor is synthesized via easy‐handle solid‐state reaction, and the optimized sample, (Mg0.93Mn0.07) AlSiN3 shows an emission band with peak at ~754 nm, FWHM of 150 nm, and internal quantum efficiency of 70.1%. The photoluminescence intensity can further be enhanced by co‐doping Eu2+ as sensitizer. This work provides a new strategy for discovering new broadband NIR phosphors using Mn2+ in strong crystal field as luminescence center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of propargylic amines and CO2 can provide high‐value‐added chemical products. However, most of catalysts in such reactions employ noble metals to obtain high yield, and it is important to seek eco‐friendly noble‐metal‐free MOFs catalysts. Here, a giant and lantern‐like [Zn116] nanocage in zinc‐tetrazole 3D framework [Zn22(Trz)8(OH)12(H2O)9⋅8 H2O]n Trz=(C4N12O)4− (1) was obtained and structurally characterized. It consists of six [Zn14O21] clusters and eight [Zn4O4] clusters. To our knowledge, this is the highest‐nuclearity nanocages constructed by Zn‐clusters as building blocks to date. Importantly, catalytic investigations reveal that 1 can efficiently catalyze the cycloaddition of propargylic amines with CO2, exclusively affording various 2‐oxazolidinones under mild conditions. It is the first eco‐friendly noble‐metal‐free MOFs catalyst for the cyclization of propargylic amines with CO2. DFT calculations uncover that ZnII ions can efficiently activate both C≡C bonds of propargylic amines and CO2 by coordination interaction. NMR and FTIR spectroscopy further prove that Zn‐clusters play an important role in activating C≡C bonds of propargylic amines. Furthermore, the electronic properties of related reactants, intermediates and products can help to understand the basic reaction mechanism and crucial role of catalyst 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Securing the chemical and physical stabilities of electrode/solid‐electrolyte interfaces is crucial for the use of solid electrolytes in all‐solid‐state batteries. Directly probing these interfaces during electrochemical reactions would significantly enrich the mechanistic understanding and inspire potential solutions for their regulation. Herein, the electrochemistry of the lithium/Li7La3Zr2O12‐electrolyte interface is elucidated by probing lithium deposition through the electrolyte in an anode‐free solid‐state battery in real time. Lithium plating is strongly affected by the geometry of the garnet‐type Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) surface, where nonuniform/filamentary growth is triggered particularly at morphological defects. More importantly, lithium‐growth behavior significantly changes when the LLZO surface is modified with an artificial interlayer to produce regulated lithium depositions. It is shown that lithium‐growth kinetics critically depend on the nature of the interlayer species, leading to distinct lithium‐deposition morphologies. Subsequently, the dynamic role of the interlayer in battery operation is discussed as a buffer and seed layer for lithium redistribution and precipitation, respectively, in tailoring lithium deposition. These findings broaden the understanding of the electrochemical lithium‐plating process at the solid‐electrolyte/lithium interface, highlight the importance of exploring various interlayers as a new avenue for regulating the lithium‐metal anode, and also offer insight into the nature of lithium growth in anode‐free solid‐state batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To report our experience in the diagnosis, minimally invasive treatment, and composition of seminal vesicle calculi (SVC). Patients and methods: In the present study, we evaluated 20 patients who were admitted to our hospital from January 2013 to January 2018. All the patients were diagnosed with intractable haematospermia and SVC. The diagnosis was further confirmed by seminal vesiculoscopy. SVC were removed by basket extraction; with larger SVC fragmented by holmium laser before extraction. Scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy were used to determine the SVC composition. Results: All operations were completed successfully without surgical complications. SVC were mostly composed of hydroxyapatite and protein, suggesting that they were produced by infections. Conclusions: Seminal vesiculoscopy is a simple, minimally invasive technique that can be used for diagnostic confirmation and treatment of seminal vesiculitis with SVC. This study improves our understanding of SVC and provides a theoretical basis for the prevention of postoperative recurrence of SVC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This white paper presents principles for validating proarrhythmia risk prediction models for regulatory use as discussed at the In Silico Breakout Session of a Cardiac Safety Research Consortium/Health and Environmental Sciences Institute/US Food and Drug Administration–sponsored Think Tank Meeting on May 22, 2018. The meeting was convened to evaluate the progress in the development of a new cardiac safety paradigm, the Comprehensive in Vitro Proarrhythmia Assay (CiPA). The opinions regarding these principles reflect the collective views of those who participated in the discussion of this topic both at and after the breakout session. Although primarily discussed in the context of in silico models, these principles describe the interface between experimental input and model‐based interpretation and are intended to be general enough to be applied to other types of nonclinical models for proarrhythmia assessment. This document was developed with the intention of providing a foundation for more consistency and harmonization in developing and validating different models for proarrhythmia risk prediction using the example of the CiPA paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce a structural descriptor, the tolerance factor, for the prediction and systematic description of the phase stability with the garnet structure. Like the tolerance factor widely adopted for the perovskite structure, it is a compositional parameter derived from the geometrical relationship between multi‐type polyhedra in the garnet structure, and the calculation only needs the information of the ionic radius. A survey of the tolerance factor over 130 garnet‐type compounds reveals that the data points are scattered in a narrow range. The tolerance factor is helpful in understanding the crystal chemistry of some garnet‐type compounds and could serve as a guide for predicting the stability of the garnet phase. The correlation between the tolerance factor and the garnet‐phase stability could be utilized by machine learning or high‐throughput screening methods in material design and discovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitride phosphors of Ca0.99−xSrxAl1.01Si0.99N3:0.01Ce3+ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.9) were synthesized by conventional solid‐state method. XRD data analysis shows that all samples are single phase with CaAlSiN3‐type structure. Under blue or near‐ultraviolet (~400 nm) light excitation, the emission peak can be tuned largely from 615 to 568 nm by increasing Sr content, and the emission intensity is maximal at x = 0.8. With the Sr content increase, the emission band blue‐shifts due to the decreased crystal field splitting and the reduced centroid shift; while the thermal luminescence quenching resistance is almost unchanged. The quenching temperature (T50) is well above 500 K for all samples, which satisfies the requirement of commercial application. The quenching process is mainly attributed to the radiationless transitions by thermally activated crossover from the 5d excited state to 4f ground state in the configurational coordinate diagram. The luminescence properties show that the (Ca,Sr)AlSiN3:Ce3+ phosphors are very promising for use in blue and near‐ultraviolet light excited white‐light‐emitting diodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The translocation t(8;21) is one of the most frequent chromosome translocations in AML. Molecular (cyto)genetics is regarded as the gold standard for diagnosis. However, due to the complicated variety of AML‐related genetic abnormalities, comprehensive screening for all of these abnormalities may not be cost‐effective. Therefore, a flow cytometric (FC) scoring system was generated in this study for rapid screening and diagnosis of t(8;21)AML. Methods: The immunophenotypic characteristics of leukemic cells and neutrophils in cases with t(8;21) AML or other subtypes of AML were analyzed to find a method for the flow diagnosis of t(8;21) AML. Results: In this study, we picked six FC features pointing to the diagnosis of t(8;21) AML: The blasts show high‐intensity expression of CD34; aberrant expression of CD19, cCD79a, and CD56 in myeloblasts; co‐expression of CD56 in neutrophils, especially in immature neutrophils; and a maturity disturbance in granulocytes. A six‐point score was devised using these features. By ROC analysis, the AUC was 0.952, and the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 0.86, 0.90. 0.91, and 0.84 when the score was ≥3 points. The score was then prospectively validated on an independent cohort, and the AUC of the ROC curve for the validation cohort was 0.975. When the cutoff value was set at 3, the obtained sensitivity and specificity values were 0.91 and 0.94, respectively. Conclusions: The FC score described can be used for the identification and rapid screening of t(8;21) AML. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional production of long‐chain organic esters like isobutyl isobutyrate (BIBE) suffers from severe problems due to the homogenous catalyst in process and complex system thermodynamics. In this work, an innovative bifunctional deep eutectic solvent (DES) is introduced, playing as both reaction catalyst and extraction solvent, to intensify the esterification process. The DES was formed by imidazole (Im) and p‐toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA), which was for the first time found acid–base tunable, represented by weak basic DES [3Im:PTSA] and strong acidic DES [Im:2PTSA]. The formation mechanisms of [3Im:PTSA] and [Im:2PTSA] were illustrated by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and COnductor‐like Screening MOdel for Real Solvent (COSMO‐RS) combined with the Im‐PTSA phase diagram. The dual functions of the acidic [Im:2PTSA] in reactive extraction were evaluated by σ‐potential analysis and esterification experiments. The high conversion, easy product separation, and good solvent reusability confirm the excellent catalytic and solvent effect of [Im:2PTSA]. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 675–683, 2019 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the effectiveness of the two novel prognostic models in determining the prognosis of myelodysplastic syndromes and compares the overall survival (OS) of patients using these models against that of the revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R). Also cited are the heterogeneous group of clonal haematopoietic neoplasms that could lead to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), as well as the MDS-associated gene mutation profile.