1. Intensification of the East Australian Current After ∼1400 CE.
- Author
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Zhai, Ruixiang, Mohtadi, Mahyar, Dolman, Andrew M., Yokoyama, Yusuke, and Steinke, Stephan
- Subjects
ANTARCTIC oscillation ,EL Nino ,OCEAN temperature ,SURFACE reconstruction ,TROPICAL climate ,SOUTHERN oscillation - Abstract
The East Australian Current (EAC) is the western boundary current of the South Pacific Subtropical Gyre that transports warm tropical waters to higher southern latitudes and significantly impacts the climate of Australia and New Zealand. Modern observations show that the EAC has strengthened with rising global temperatures. However, little is known about the pre‐industrial variability of the EAC and the forcing mechanisms. Planktic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber (white) Mg/Ca‐based sea surface temperature reconstructions offshore northeastern Australia between 15° and 26°S reveal an increase by ∼1.2°C after ∼1400 CE. We infer that the increase in temperature is related to a stronger EAC heat transport that is likely driven by a strengthening of the Southern Hemisphere subtropical gyre circulation due to a progressive shift of the Southern annular mode toward its positive phase and of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation toward more El Niño‐like conditions. Plain Language Summary: The East Australian Current (EAC) transports large amounts of heat out of the Western Pacific Warm Pool into the subtropics and subpolar regions, thereby regulating the local and global climate. The few existing reconstructions of past changes in transport and temperature of the EAC are contradictory resulting in a knowledge gap in long‐term variability of the southwest Pacific currents, which in turn hampers a reliable projection of future tropical and subtropical climate development. We use sea surface temperature reconstructions along the EAC path off northeastern Australia to estimate changes in the EAC heat transport over the past 4,000 years and its potential driving mechanisms. Our results reveal an increase in temperature after ∼1400 CE, which we relate to an intensification of the EAC strength. The strengthening of the EAC after ∼1400 CE is likely associated with a strengthening of the Southern Hemisphere subtropical gyre circulation due to a progressive shift of the Southern annular mode toward its positive phase and of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation toward more El Niño‐like conditions. Key Points: Mg/Ca‐based sea surface temperature reconstructions reveal an intensification of the East Australian Current (EAC) after ∼1400 CEA stronger EAC is likely driven by strengthening of the Southern Hemisphere subtropical gyre due to a Southern Annular Mode shift toward its positive phaseMore El Niño‐like conditions may also strengthen the EAC by an equatorward shift of the South Equatorial Current bifurcation latitude [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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