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Objective: Rhesus monkeys are increasingly used in biomedical research, which makes their hematological and biochemical parameters increasingly important in preclinical research. Since age and sex can influence blood parameters, establishing reference intervals for such parameters based on age and sex becomes along with identifying the effect of age and sex on those parameters. Methods: A total of 1385 healthy Chinese rhesus monkeys (548 males and 837 females) anesthetized with ketamine were selected and segregated by age (six groups) and sex. A total of 21 hematological and 26 biochemical parameters were measured, and the effects of age and sex were analyzed. Results: We established baseline indices for hematological and biochemical parameters based on age and sex, separately, and observed significant impacts of age, sex, and age‐sex interactions on blood parameters. Among different age groups, significant differences were found in WBC, NEUT%, LYM%, EO%, LYM#, EO#, MCV, RDW‐CV, PLT, MPV, PDW, PCT, TP, Alb, GLB, A/G, ALT, AST, ALP, TBIL, GGT, BUN, Cre, GLU, CK, TRIG, LDL, HCY, IL‐6 FOL, Vit B12, VIT D‐T, PTH, and AMH. Additionally, significant differences were observed in RBC, HGB, HCT, MPV, Alb, BUN, Cre, GLU, CHOL, TRIG, HDL, LDL, HCY, and VIT D‐T between the two sexes. An age‐sex interaction exerted a significant effect on WBC, NEUT#, MCV, MCHC, PDW, GLB, ALP, Cre, CHOL, TRIG, HDL, LDL, HCY, IL‐6, Vit B12, VIT D‐T. However, neither age, sex, and age‐sex interactions exerted significant effects on MO%, MOMO#, MCH, RDW‐SD, CRP, and CT. Conclusion: Our study investigated the blood parameters of rhesus monkeys to provide a reference basis for rhesus monkey‐related scientific experimental research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the potential effects and mechanism of wogonin on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis, 70 male mice were administered wogonin (12.5, 25, 50 mg·kg−1·d−1, i.g.) for 10 days, meanwhile, in order to induce colitis, the mice were free to drink 3% DSS for 6 days. We found that wogonin could obviously ameliorate DSS‐induced colitis, including preventing colon shortening and inhibiting pathological damage. In addition, wogonin could increase the expression of PPARγ, which not only restores intestinal epithelial hypoxia but also inhibits iNOS protein to reduce intestinal nitrite levels. All these effects facilitated a reduction in the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in DSS‐induced colitis mice. Therefore, compared with the DSS group, the number of Enterobacteriaceae in the intestinal flora was significantly reduced after administration of wogonin or rosiglitazone by 16s rDNA technology. We also verified that wogonin could promote the expression of PPARγ mRNA and protein in Caco‐2 cells, and this effect disappeared when PPARγ signal was inhibited. In conclusion, our study suggested that wogonin can activate the PPARγ signal of the Intestinal epithelium to ameliorate the Intestinal inflammation caused by Enterobacteriaceae bacteria expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]