6 results on '"Sullivan, Kelsey"'
Search Results
2. Dynamic winter weather moderates movement and resource selection of wild turkeys at high‐latitude range limits.
- Author
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Gonnerman, Matthew, Shea, Stephanie A., Sullivan, Kelsey, Kamath, Pauline, Overturf, Kaj, and Blomberg, Erik
- Subjects
WILD turkey ,EXTREME weather ,HIDDEN Markov models ,WINTER ,TURKEYS ,ANIMAL behavior - Abstract
For wide‐ranging species in temperate environments, populations at high‐latitude range limits are subject to more extreme conditions, colder temperatures, and greater snow accumulation compared with their core range. As climate change progresses, these bounding pressures may become more moderate on average, while extreme weather occurs more frequently. Individuals can mitigate temporarily extreme conditions by changing daily activity budgets and exhibiting plasticity in resource selection, both of which facilitate existence at and expansion of high‐latitude range boundaries. However, relatively little work has explored how animals moderate movement and vary resource selection with changing weather, and a general framework for such investigations is lacking. We applied hidden Markov models and step selection functions to GPS data from wintering wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) near their northern range limit to identify how weather influenced transition among discrete movement states, as well as state‐specific resource selection. We found that turkeys were more likely to spend time in a stationary state as wind chill temperatures decreased and snow depth increased. Both stationary and roosting turkeys selected conifer forests and avoided land covers associated with foraging, such as agriculture and residential areas, while shifting their strength of selection for these features during poor weather. In contrast, mobile turkeys showed relatively weak resource selection, with less response in selection coefficients during poor weather. Our findings illustrate that behavioral plasticity in response to weather was context dependent, but movement behaviors most associated with poor weather were also those in which resource selection was most plastic. Given our results, the potential for wild turkey range expansion will partly be determined by the availability of habitat that allows them to withstand periodic inclement weather. Combining hidden Markov models with step selection functions is broadly applicable for evaluating plasticity in animal behavior and dynamic resource selection in response to changing weather. We studied turkeys at northern range limits, but this approach is applicable for any system expected to experience significant changes in the coming decade, and may be particularly relevant to populations existing at range peripheries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Including a spatial predictive process in band recovery models improves inference for Lincoln estimates of animal abundance.
- Author
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Gonnerman, Matthew, Linden, Daniel W., Shea, Stephanie A., Sullivan, Kelsey, Kamath, Pauline, and Blomberg, Erik
- Subjects
WILD turkey ,HARVESTING ,PARAMETERS (Statistics) ,ECOLOGICAL models ,SPATIAL variation - Abstract
Abundance estimation is a critical component of conservation planning, particularly for exploited species where managers set regulations to restrict harvest based on current population size. An increasingly common approach for abundance estimation is through integrated population modeling (IPM), which uses multiple data sources in a joint likelihood to estimate abundance and additional demographic parameters. Lincoln estimators are one commonly used IPM component for harvested species, which combine information on the rate and total number of individuals harvested within an integrated band‐recovery framework to estimate abundance at large scales. A major assumption of the Lincoln estimator is that banding and recoveries are representative of the whole population, which may be violated if major sources of spatial heterogeneity in survival or harvest rates are not incorporated into the model. We developed an approach to account for spatial variation in harvest rates using a spatial predictive process, which we incorporated into a Lincoln estimator IPM. We simulated data under different configurations of sample sizes, harvest rates, and sources of spatial heterogeneity in harvest rate to assess potential model bias in parameter estimates. We then applied the model to data collected from a field study of wild turkeys (Meleagris gallapavo) to estimate local and statewide abundance in Maine, USA. We found that the band recovery model that incorporated a spatial predictive process consistently provided estimates of adult and juvenile abundance with low bias across a variety of spatial configurations of harvest rate and sampling intensities. When applied to data collected on wild turkeys, a model that did not incorporate spatial heterogeneity underestimated the harvest rate in some subregions. Consistent with simulation results, this led to overestimation of both local and statewide abundance. Our work demonstrates that a spatial predictive process is a viable mechanism to account for spatial variation in harvest rates and limit bias in abundance estimates. This approach could be extended to large‐scale band recovery data sets and has applicability for the estimation of population parameters in other ecological models as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Variation in eastern wild turkey nesting phenology at their northern range limit.
- Author
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Gonnerman, Matthew, A. Shea, Stephanie, Sullivan, Kelsey, Kamath, Pauline, and Blomberg, Erik
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WILD turkey ,TURKEYS ,PHENOLOGY ,PLANNED communities ,LAND cover ,BIRD eggs - Abstract
Limiting the potential for disturbance of wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) breeding and nesting is often stated as a concern for management, particularly when associated with the spring hunting season. The timing of wild turkey nesting has been shown to vary with latitude, with spring phenology, and among individuals, but local information on nesting timing is needed to fully evaluate local harvest regulations. Our objectives were to characterize wild turkey nesting phenology and identify overlap with current hunting season timing and hunter effort in Maine, USA. We also identified sources of variation related to land cover and individual female characteristics such as body condition and pathogen infection status. Finally, we compared the temporal distributions of nest initiation across the 2 years of our study. We assessed nesting phenology of eastern wild turkeys (M. g. silvestris) in Penobscot, Hancock, and Cumberland counties, Maine, by monitoring females for nesting activity using VHF and GPS transmitters. During April–July 2018 and 2019, we located 69 nests from radiomarked females and 3 nests from unmarked females. Of the nests discovered, 56 were presumed first attempts, 12 were second attempts, and one was a third attempt. The median date of nest initiation (i.e., date first egg was laid) for first nests was April 27 in 2018 and May 5 in 2019. Females that nested in areas with greater residential and urban development initiated nests earlier than females that used more rural agricultural land covers. Despite a delay in the onset of nesting in 2019, the distribution of nest initiation among females did not change throughout the season. Our results indicate that the majority of male harvest occurred concurrently with egg laying. Thus, current hunting season timing likely limits risks associated with disturbance of mating. Given that Maine's wild turkey population is thought to be stable or increasing, our data support maintaining the current hunting season structure. However, breeding and nesting phenology of wild turkeys should continue to be monitored in relation to changing environmental conditions, trends in the turkey population, hunter numbers, and spring harvest, so that future changes can be incorporated into harvest management and decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
5. Detecting lymphoproliferative disease virus in wild turkeys using cloacal swabs.
- Author
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Shea, Stephanie A., Gonnerman, Matthew B., Blomberg, Erik J., Sullivan, Kelsey M., and Kamath, Pauline L.
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WILD turkey ,VIRUS diseases ,TURKEYS ,BONE marrow ,WILDLIFE diseases ,LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE disorders - Abstract
The monitoring of infectious diseases in wildlife is crucial for assessing animal health, pathogen range expansion, and the risk of spillover to naive species, but may be resource and labor intensive. Lymphoproliferative disease virus (LPDV) is an avian oncogenic retrovirus that was first identified in wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in 2009, though it historically caused mortality in domestic turkeys in Europe and Israel. Subsequent surveys detected a high prevalence and broad distribution throughout the eastern United States, warranting further research on LPDV in wild turkey populations. Current LPDV diagnostics require the collection of tissues, such as bone marrow from dead birds or blood during live capture. In our study, we assessed the sensitivity (true positive) and specificity (true negative) of cloacal swab samples as an alternative LPDV detection method. We compared results from cloacal swab samples with both postmortem detection from bone marrow and antemortem detection from blood, using a multi‐tube PCR approach with 3 replicates. Swab samples collected from live‐captured turkeys had a greater sensitivity (88%) than swabs collected from hunter‐harvested turkeys (31%), whereas specificity was similar for both collection approaches (live‐capture swabs = 75%, n = 85; hunter‐harvest swabs = 80%, n = 54). In live‐captured turkeys, the estimated LPDV prevalence using cloacal swab samples (73%) was not significantly different from the true prevalence determined using coupled blood samples (76%). However, in hunter‐harvested turkeys, the estimated prevalence using cloacal swab samples (28%) was different from the true prevalence estimated using coupled bone marrow samples (72%). In summary, cloacal swab samples can be used to reliably detect LPDV infection in live‐captured wild turkeys but should not be used for LPDV detection in hunter‐harvested wild turkeys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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6. Survival and Harvest of Ruffed Grouse in Central Maine, USA.
- Author
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DAVIS, SAMANTHA R. B., MANGELINCKX, JOELLE, ALLEN, R. BRADFORD, SULLIVAN, KELSEY, and BLOMBERG, ERIK J.
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WILDLIFE management ,ENDANGERED species ,SPECIES distribution ,BIRD populations ,GROUSE ,ANIMAL behavior - Abstract
Understanding population dynamics is central to population management, particularly for game species that experience human harvest and non-harvestmortality. Ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) are a widely distributed and common game species in North America that have experienced population declines along their southern range margins, including portions of New England, primarily in response to forest succession and habitat loss. In the state of Maine, ruffed grouse are generally considered abundant, but there is a lack of state-specific knowledge of ruffed grouse survival and harvest rates to inform harvest management. We estimated seasonal and annual survival rates, harvest rates, and documented cause-specific mortality of 248 radio-marked ruffed grouse at 2 study areas in central Maine from 2014 to 2016. We used Program MARK to evaluate sources of spatial, temporal, and individual variation that may affect ruffed grouse survival and harvest. Survival was lowest during October and during winter, and adult ruffed grouse had a higher survival probability than juveniles throughout the year with mean annual survival probabilities of 0.28±0.01 (SE) and 0.13±0.003, respectively. Harvest rates were greater in a state-owned Wildlife Management Area and were lower within commercially managed private forest that was open to public hunting. Harvest results suggest harvest (H) was greatest at the beginning of the hunting season (Oct; Frye Mountain HOct=0.14±0.02; Stud Mill H
Oct =0.07±0.02), and was lower later in the season (Nov and Dec; Frye Mountain HNov-Dec =0.07±0.02; Stud Mill HNov-Dec =0.03±0.01). Pooled across all years and study areas, the ruffed grouse harvest rate was 0.16 (95% CI=0.14-0.18). Our results are comparable to other range-wide studies and suggest that current hunting regulations for ruffed grouse in Maine are consistent with sustainable population management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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