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D‐amino acid oxidase (DAAO)‐catalyzed selective oxidative deamination is a very promising process for synthesizing l‐amino acids including l‐phosphinothricin (l‐PPT, a high‐efficiency and broad‐spectrum herbicide). However, the wild‐type DAAO's low activity toward unnatural substrates like d‐phosphinothricin (d‐PPT) hampers its application. Herein, a DAAO from Caenorhabditis elegans (CeDAAO) was screened and engineered to improve the catalytic potential on d‐PPT. First, we designed a novel growth selection system, taking into account the intricate relationship between the growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and the catalytic mechanism of DAAO. The developed system was used for high‐throughput screening of gene libraries, resulting in the discovery of a variant (M6) with significantly increased catalytic activity against d‐PPT. The variant displays different catalytic properties on substrates with varying hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity. Analysis using Alphafold2 modeling and molecular dynamic simulations showed that the reason for the enhanced activity was the substrate‐binding pocket with enlarged size and suitable charge distribution. Further QM/MM calculations revealed that the crucial factor for enhancing activity lies in reducing the initial energy barrier of the reductive half reaction. Finally, a comprehensive binding‐model index to predict the enhanced activity of DAAO toward d‐PPT, and an enzymatic deracemization approach was developed, enabling the efficient synthesis of l‐PPT with remarkable efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Occlusal reconstruction is a critical intervention for patients with dental hard tissue defects, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, and jaw position abnormalities. Clinical efficiency and outcomes of these procedures have improved with advances in digital technologies. This case report aims to illustrate a comprehensive digital workflow for occlusal reconstruction in a patient with congenital dentition defects, emphasizing the application of digital technologies to enhance treatment outcomes. Clinical considerations: A 28‐year‐old woman with previously installed porcelain‐fused‐to‐metal bridge restorations presented with a fractured prosthesis and TMJ symptoms. A multidisciplinary approach was adopted involving the use of digital facebow, intraoral scanners, digital smile design, and CAD/CAM technologies. The process included the extraction of defective restorations, temporary restorations to refine jaw position, and final permanent restorations. The digital workflow facilitated precise diagnostics and treatment, culminating in the successful installation of permanent restorations. Regular follow‐ups at one‐ and three‐months post‐treatment confirmed stable occlusal function and high patient satisfaction. Conclusions: This case report showcases the potential of multiple digital technologies to streamline complex dental treatments and achieve high‐quality results. Clinical significance: The integration of digital technologies in occlusal reconstruction treatments offers significant benefits in terms of precision, patient comfort, and esthetic outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have attracted increasing attention in various optoelectronic devices due to their exceptional optical and electrical properties. The high precision patterning of MHPs is crucial adjective for device fabrication, while it is severely hindered by the active and sensitive chemistry of MHPs. In this work, high resolution and tunable nanostructuring of 2D MHP films are achieved by ultrafast laser direct writing (ULDW). The feature size of the created structure is down to 47 nm (λ/21), which is far beyond the diffraction limit of the optical system. The study proves the critical influence of the thermodynamic properties of materials on structure morphologies and establish a new mechanism of molten phase self‐evolution (MPSE) for the formation of super‐solution convex structures, which provides a new understanding for ultrafast laser‐matter interaction and high‐resolution patterning with ULDW. Different structure morphologies bring tunable optical properties. The applications are demonstrated in multimode information storage and encryption. The findings open new approaches to achieve hyperfine multi‐morphological structures on MHPs, which can boost many MHPs integration applications in nanophotonics, on‐chip electronics, and information encryption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: In addition to post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders, it is necessary to be alert to the drug‐resistant bacteria or fungal infection, especially Talaromyces marneffei, in kidney transplant patients who have failed antibiotic treatment and whose PET‐CT indicates high metabolic mass in the transplanted kidney with a large number of other organs and lymph nodes. Talaromyces marneffei (TM) is a rare pathogenic fungus that primarily affects individuals with compromised immune systems. Post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are serious complications that can occur after solid organ and cell transplantation. Both TM infection and PTLD can invade the monocyte–macrophage system and often manifest as extranodal masses. This case report describes a kidney transplant patient who presented with symptoms of frequent, urgent, and painful urination over 6 months. Pulmonary CT scans revealed multiple nodules, and PET‐CT demonstrated enlarged lymph nodes in the lungs and the transplanted kidney. The clinical manifestations closely mimicked those of PTLD. The confirmation of TM was achieved through pathogen metagenomic next‐generation sequencing and renal biopsy. Unfortunately, despite receiving treatment with antifungal agents, anti‐infective therapy, the patient's condition did not respond favorably, ultimately resulting in their unfortunate demise due to COVID‐19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regulation of surface active sites and structures is a key factor affecting the performance of photocatalysts. In order to prepare monodisperse anatase TiO2 mesoporous microspheres with higher specific surface area, smaller pore size and particle size, a dual‐surfactant orientation assembly method was selected. Graphene (NG) was selected as a cocatalyst to compound with mesoporous TiO2 and nickel doping was performed on the cocatalyst to improve the photocatalytic hydrogen production activity of the semiconductor photocatalyst. Through proper regulation and rational design, the semiconductor photocatalyst with desired properties was prepared. SEM characterization of mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2/Ni‐NG) with graphene cocatalyst proved that TiO2 nanospheres have good monodispersion, and TiO2 nanospheres are well supported on graphene cocatalyst. The composite material belonged to mesoporous group with the pore size being mainly distributed between 10–20 nm. The loading of graphene and Ni‐NG cocatalyst increased the absorption band edge by 9 nm and 38 nm, respectively, and the band gap decreased by 0.07 eV and 0.16 eV, respectively. The selection of graphene as cocatalyst improved the hydrogen production activity of photocatalyst and nickel doping was very effective in the modification of graphene. For reaction time of 2.5 h, the H2 production of TiO2/Ni‐NG material reached 1.767 mmol/g which was 7.27 times that of TiO2/NG composite material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible regulation of bandgap of perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) is fundamentally critical for desirable optoelectronic functions and applications. Here, regulating chemical composition and emission wavelength of PNCs in glass by a simple heat‐treatment process are reported, which is established to rely on the thermal‐trigger phase separation and ion exchange. The first principle calculations are overall performed to reveal the mechanism of bandgap engineering and optimization of emission performance. The PNCs exhibit excellent stability against thermal, ultraviolet irradiation, and organic molecules. The bandgap of PNCs in the heat‐treated glass can also be re‐modulated by ultrafast laser irradiation. Ultrafast laser direct writing of multi‐color patterns and holographic dynamic displays are achieved, which hold great potential in the application of encryption‐decryption and emissive devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of III‐nitride semiconductors has established a solid foundation for the development of high‐efficiency optoelectronic devices, particularly for light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). However, the efficiency improvement for LEDs is typically restricted by hole injection and optical loss. The incorporation of tunnel junction (TJ) into structure of LEDs has arisen as a promising solution to overcome these challenges while providing additional features, such as electrical contacts, current confinement, and novel controllability in band engineering. Herein, recent progress in the development of III‐nitride TJ LEDs is reviewed. It is started with an explanation of the working principles of TJ and several approaches for enhancing the tunneling probability of TJ are discussed. Subsequently, the most popular techniques for TJ fabrication are summarized and critical issues involved in these processes are discussed. Moreover, applications of TJ in UV LEDs, cascaded LEDs, and micro‐LEDs are highlighted. Finally, an outlook on potential prospects of TJ for the development of high‐performance LEDs is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein this work, a novel donor‐π‐acceptor (D‐π‐A) pure‐blue hybrid local and charge‐transfer (HLCT) fluorescent material TDFBO and its functionalization as organic light emitting diode (OLED) emitter and photoinitiator (PI) in photopolymerization is reported. The weak‐hybridization property involved by the fluorene π‐bridge can simultaneously give satisfied photo‐luminescent quantum yield (PLQY) and make efficient “hot‐exciton” channel achievable. Moreover, the D‐π‐A structure can also promote an exceeding electron mobility as high as 3.57×10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1. Finally, it is noted that the TDFBO‐doped OLED can be regarded as the best one among the pure‐blue emissive OLEDs, which exhibits a high maximum external quantum efficiency of 11.1%, while the rolling‐off only stands on a low level, as 6% at 100 cd m−2. Additionally, a relatively high final conversion of C = C double bond in a representative acrylate monomer is also attained by photoinitiation of TDFBO under 405 nm LED, where the photopolymerization has been applied to 3D printing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, detection methods for rice microbial indicators are usually based on microbial culture or sensory detection methods, which are time‐consuming or require expertise and thus cannot meet the needs of on‐site rice testing when the rice is taken out of storage or traded. In order to develop a fast and non‐destructive method for detecting rice mildew, in this paper, micro‐computer vision technology is used to collect images of mildewed rice samples from 9 image locations. Then, a YOLO‐V5 convolutional neural network model is used to detect moldy areas of rice, and the mold coverage area is estimated. The relationship between the moldy areas and the total number of bacterial colonies in the image is obtained. The results show that the precision and the recall of the established YOLO‐v5 model in identifying the mildewed areas of rice in the validation set were 82.1% and 86.5%, respectively. Based on the mean mildewed area identified by the YOLO‐v5 model, the precision and recall for light mold detection were 100% and 95.3%, respectively. The proposed method based on micro‐computer vision and the YOLO convolutional neural network can be applied to the rapid detection of mildew in rice taken out of storage or traded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tunnel junctions (TJs) offer a unique approach to utilizing nonequilibrium tunneling injection of holes and have demonstrated potential applications in ultraviolet (UV) emitters. However, high operating voltage caused by the wide bandgap of the III‐nitrides has impeded the further promotion of TJ. Here, 275 nm n+‐Al0.45Ga0.55N/p+‐Al0.5Ga0.5N ultrathin tunnel junction (UTJ) deep‐UV light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are developed for minimizing the electrical losses and achieve, to the current knowledge, the lowest operating voltage (5.7 V) at 300 mA reported to date. This study discovers that Mg‐Si co‐doping occurs in the n+‐Al0.45Ga0.55N layer during the growth of n+‐Al0.45Ga0.55N/p+‐Al0.5Ga0.5N UTJ due to the memory and diffusion effect of Mg, which leads to the formation of Ohmic contact between high‐work‐function Ni/Au and Mg‐Si co‐doped n+‐ Al0.45Ga0.55N layer in UTJ. The Zener diode, fluorine resin, and optimally designed glass lens are incorporated into the chip encapsulation to enhance the reliability and optical performance of the device. Furthermore, a high‐efficiency sterilization deep‐UV light source is developed integrated with 120 UTJ deep‐UV LED chips. Complete surface inactivation at a long irradiation distance (20 cm) is achieved within only seconds using the high‐power sterilization deep‐UV light source. These results indicate that UTJ is promising in developing deep UV LEDs and their integrated light sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hypersalivation has been associated with Rolandic epilepsy and other childhood epilepsy syndromes. However, pure salivatory seizures are a rare type of focal seizure in which ictal hypersalivation is the dominant feature throughout the seizures. Case presentation: We present a case of pure salivatory seizures originating from the right post‐central operculum cortex, confirmed by the favorable surgical outcome. We attempt to analyze the symptom from behavioral and neural network perspectives and propose a possible mechanism to generate ictal hypersalivation and pure salivatory seizures. Conclusion: Based on previous reports in the literature and our case, we emphasize the importance of the operculum in patients with ictal hypersalivation, particularly in patients with pure salivatory seizures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), involved in essential physiological and pathological processes of the organism, have emerged as powerful tools for disease treatment owing to their unique natural biological characteristics and artificially acquired advantages. However, the limited targeting ability, insufficient production yield, and low drug‐loading capability of natural simplex EVs have greatly hindered their development in clinical translation. Therefore, the establishment of multifunctional hybrid membrane nanovesicles (HMNVs) with favorable adaptability and flexibility has become the key to expanding the practical application of EVs. This timely review summarizes the current progress of HMNVs for biomedical applications. Different HMNVs preparation strategies including physical, chemical, and chimera approaches are first discussed. This review then individually describes the diverse types of HMNVs based on homologous or heterologous cell membrane substances, a fusion of cell membrane and liposome, as well as a fusion of cell membrane and bacterial membrane. Subsequently, a specific emphasis is placed on the highlight of biological applications of the HMNVs toward various diseases with representative examples. Finally, ongoing challenges and prospects of the currently developed HMNVs in clinical translational applications are briefly presented. This review will not only stimulate broad interest among researchers from diverse disciplines but also provide valuable insights for the development of promising nanoplatforms in precision medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of the rapid development of intelligence and miniaturization in electronics, the growing demand for sustainable energy sources gives rise to a plethora of environmental/mechanical energy harvesters. However, the fluctuating nature of these generated energies frequently presents a challenge to their immediate usability. Although electrolytic capacitors can smooth fluctuating energy, lacking miniaturization and flexibility constrain their potential applications. Conversely, electrochemical capacitors (ECs), particularly fiber‐shaped electrochemical capacitors (FSECs), can offer superior flexibility. Nevertheless, the inherent trade‐off between ion transport and charge storage in fibrous electrodes poses a significant obstacle to their filtering capability. Here, a hierarchically 3D fibrous electrode that effectively balances ion transport and charge storage through its unhindered primary framework and intertwined secondary frameworks is presented. The resulting FSEC exhibits an exceptional specific areal capacitance of 1.37 mF cm−2 with a phase angle of −82° at 120 Hz, surpassing that of fiber‐shaped filter capacitors and most non‐fibrous filter ECs previously reported. Additionally, the FSEC displays excellent flexibility and high‐frequency response, rendering it well‐suited for filtering arbitrary ripple voltage and compatible with environmental/mechanical energy harvesters. These results demonstrate a promising approach for designing fibrous high‐frequency response electrodes and a foundation for portable environmental energy harvesting devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve long‐term increases in soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, it is essential to understand the effects of carbon management strategies on SOC formation pathways, particularly through changes in microbial necromass carbon (MNC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Using a 14‐year field study, we demonstrate that both biochar and maize straw lifted the SOC ceiling, but through different pathways. Biochar, while raising SOC and DOC content, decreased substrate degradability by increasing carbon aromaticity. This resulted in suppressed microbial abundance and enzyme activity, which lowered soil respiration, weakened in vivo turnover and ex vivo modification for MNC production (i.e., low microbial carbon pump "efficacy"), and led to lower efficiency in decomposing MNC, ultimately resulting in the net accumulation of SOC and MNC. In contrast, straw incorporation increased the content and decreased the aromaticity of SOC and DOC. The enhanced SOC degradability and soil nutrient content, such as total nitrogen and total phosphorous, stimulated the microbial population and activity, thereby boosting soil respiration and enhancing microbial carbon pump "efficacy" for MNC production. The total C added to biochar and straw plots were estimated as 27.3–54.5 and 41.4 Mg C ha−1, respectively. Our results demonstrated that biochar was more efficient in lifting the SOC stock via exogenous stable carbon input and MNC stabilization, although the latter showed low "efficacy". Meanwhile, straw incorporation significantly promoted net MNC accumulation but also stimulated SOC mineralization, resulting in a smaller increase in SOC content (by 50%) compared to biochar (by 53%–102%). The results address the decadal‐scale effects of biochar and straw application on the formation of the stable organic carbon pool in soil, and understanding the causal mechanisms can allow field practices to maximize SOC content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decades, continuous technological advancements have been made in III‐nitride light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), so that they are considered as a promising replacement of traditional light sources. With the emission wavelength covering the entire visible spectrum, InGaN LEDs find various applications such as solid‐state lightings, full‐color displays, and visible light communication. However, the quantum efficiency of InGaN LEDs suffers from a dramatic decline as the emission wavelength extends from blue to green–red region. This issue restrains the lighting and display applications based on the color‐mixing monolithic lighting source system. In this review, the recent breakthroughs in long‐wavelength InGaN LEDs, together with the challenges and approaches to realize high‐indium‐composition InGaN epilayers, are introduced. These cover the different epitaxial substrates, nucleation layers, and epitaxial structures, especially multiple quantum wells active region. The related studies are also discussed to improve the long‐wavelength LEDs performance from the aspect of crystal quality, growth orientation, carrier‐injection, and 3D nanostructures. Finally, current status and perspectives for future long‐wavelength LEDs development are proposed briefly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, pure organic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) with highly efficient and long‐persistent afterglow has drawn substantial awareness. Commonly, spin‐orbit coupling can be improved by introducing heavy atoms into pure‐organic molecules. However, this strategy will simultaneously increase the radiative and non‐radiative transition rate, further resulting in dramatic decreases in the excited state lifetime and afterglow duration. Here in this work, a highly symmetric bird‐like structure tetraphenylene (TeP), and its three symmetrical halogenated derivatives (TeP−F, TeP−Cl and TeP−Br) are synthesized, while their RTP properties and mechanisms are systematically investigated by both theoretical and experimental approaches. As the results, the rigid, highly twisted conformation of TeP restricts the non‐radiative processes of RTP and gives rise to the enhancement of electron‐exchange, which can contribute to the RTP radiation process. Despite the faint RTP of the bromine and chlorine‐substituted ones (TeP−Br, TeP−Cl), the fluoro‐substituted TeP−F exhibited a long phosphorescent lifetime up to 890 ms, corresponding to an extremely long RTP afterglow over 8 s, which could be incorporated into the best series of non‐heavy‐atom RTP materials reported in previous literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is a highly heterogeneous disease, and although immunotherapy has recently increased patient survival in a number of solid and hematologic malignancies, most BC subtypes respond poorly to immune checkpoint blockade therapy (ICB). B cells, particularly those that congregate in tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), play a significant role in antitumour immunity. However, B‐cell heterogeneity at single‐cell resolution and its clinical significance with TLS in BC need to be explored further. Methods: Primary tumour lesions and surrounding normal tissues were taken from 14 BC patients, totaling 124,587 cells, for single‐cell transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Results: Based on the usual markers, the single‐cell transcriptome profiles were classified into various clusters. A thorough single‐cell study was conducted with a focus on tumour‐infiltrating B cells (TIL‐B) and tumour‐associated neutrophils (TAN). TIL‐B was divided into five clusters, and unusual cell types, such as follicular B cells, which are strongly related to immunotherapy efficacy, were identified. In BC, TAN and TIL‐B infiltration are positively correlated, and at the same time, compared with TLS‐high, TAN and TIL‐B in TLS‐low group are significantly positively correlated. Conclusions: In conclusion, our study highlights the heterogeneity of B cells in BC, explains how B cells and TLS contribute significantly to antitumour immunity at both the single‐cell and clinical level, and offers a straightforward marker for TLS called CD23. These results will offer more pertinent information on the applicability and effectiveness of tumour immunotherapy for BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biochar is a promising amendment to promote cadmium (Cd) sorption and fixation in agricultural soil, where microplastics are emerging contaminants in soil. Herein, a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to elucidate the effects on Cd availability in a soil–plant system by biochar and fresh/aged microplastics application. The fresh microplastics led to an obvious increase in soil Cd availability and Cd uptake by wheat plant, while the aged microplastics increased the available Cd in soil but had no effect on Cd uptake by wheat plant, which was likely attributed to the blocking effect of the aged microplastics on Cd transportation from the soil to the wheat plant. Unexpectedly, biochar had increased Cd availability and Cd uptake. The increased soil soluble Cd was because of both decreased soil pH and elevated dissolved organic matter (DOM) content resulted by biochar addition. Also, the unchanged Cd adsorption of the soil was likely responsible for the increased tested soil Cd availability. In addition, the combined effects of a greater decrease in soil pH, an increase in soil DOM content, and a reduction in Cd adsorption after the addition of microplastics to biochar‐amended soil resulted in a significant increase (ranging from 2.63% to 47.73%) in Cd availability compared to soil treated with biochar alone. Moreover, fresh microplastics inhibited wheat growth, and greater inhibition effect was observed for their aged ones. The biochar elevated the wheat biomass; however, the coexistence of microplastics and biochar decreased the wheat plant biomass compared with biochar alone, due to the negative influence of microplastics in plant growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical engineering in lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) has garnered significant attention for tailoring optoelectronic properties, such as bandgap, quantum yield (QY), and stability. Here, pure blue emissive PNCs in glass by using ultrafast laser are reported. The emission wavelength is tuned in the range from 461 to 520 nm by engineering the chemical composition in the B‐site Cd/Pb mix‐cation system. The photoluminescence (PL) QY of CsCdxPb1−xBr3 PNCs reaches 13.4% for the pure blue emission at 467 nm, which is twice that of CsPbBryCl3−y PNCs. The pure blue emissive PNCs exhibit remarkable stability when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, heat, and ethanol solvents. The ultrafast laser print patterns can be encrypted and decrypted for information, which shows great potential for crucial information security applications. These results imply that B‐site engineering for lead halide PNCs embedded in glass is effective to tailor the PL spectra and increase the PL QY. The pure blue emissive PNCs hold great potential in the applications of blue and full‐color emissive devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(F) Expression of Nanos3, Dazl, Ddx4, Stra8, Uchl1 in Nanos3-/- male pigs (G), and of Nanos3, Dazl, Ddx4, Lhx8, Zp3 in Nanos3-/- female pigs. The anatomy and physiological characteristics of pigs are closer to those of humans than those of other non-primate animals. (E) Genotyping Nanos3-/- #7, Nanos3-/- #1 and Nanos3-/- #51 single cell lines using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). [Extracted from the article]

The position‐selective functionalization of the poorly reactive benzenoid nucleus of indoles has remained a great challenge in organic chemistry. Here we describe a directing‐group‐free, three‐component tandem C3‐acylation/C5,6‐H disulfenylation of indoles via an iodine‐, Lewis acid‐ and Brønsted acid‐cooperated mediated strategy. This protocol is remarkable for its exceptional regio‐ and chemo‐selectivity, broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance and mild reaction conditions. Advantageously, the present protocol offers great potential for the development of general site‐selective functionalization at the benzenoid nucleus of indoles, removing the requirement for neighbouring activating groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing demand for electric energy, more and more cities are constructing cable tunnels. In order to prevent the cable in the tunnel from being damaged, regular inspection of the cable tunnel is very important. However, due to the large scale of cable tunnel construction, the traditional manual inspection is difficult to meet the maintenance requirements. With the development of intelligent technology, the intelligent patrol mode of UAV has gradually replaced the traditional manual patrol mode and become the main patrol mode of cable tunnel. Therefore, the positioning and navigation method of cable tunnel UAV is studied in this paper. By using UWB localization algorithm and depth camera fusion, the positioning and navigation methods of UAVs are determined and compared with the positioning algorithm based on optical flow. Experimental comparison results show that the maximum and minimum yaw angles of UAV positioning based on the proposed algorithm are 2.41° and 0.16°, while the maximum and minimum yaw angles of UAV positioning based on the comparison algorithm are 3.11° and 1.51°. It can be seen that the integration of UWB and depth camera is of great significance for the research of positioning and navigation methods of cable tunnel UAVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A colon tumor, one of the digestive tract malignant tumors, is harmful to human health. A potential new treatment still deserves attention. The development of a new drug needs more resources, including time and expense. Therefore, the old drug with new targets has become a current research hotspot. Fluvoxamine, as an antidepressant, could play an effect on inhibiting 5‐hydroxytryptamine reuptake. In the present research, the antitumor effects and possible mechanisms of fluvoxamine are validated. The results showed that fluvoxamine significantly suppressed the migration and proliferation of tumor cells, and increased the apoptosis in vitro. Additionally, fluvoxamine significantly delays tumor development, and prompts the apoptosis in tumor tissues of mice‐burdened colon tumors in vivo. The tumor suppression might be related with that fluvoxamine inhibits the expression of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, matrix metalloproteinase 2, and cleaved‐caspase 3. Importantly, fluvoxamine significantly reduces the expression level of programmed cell death ligand 1. This could be a possible reason that treatment with fluvoxamine drives the infiltration of T lymphocytes and M1‐type macrophages in tumor tissues. Taken together, this research suggests that fluvoxamine might be a promising drug to treat colon cancer by inhibiting the proliferation and migration, inducing apoptosis, and even increasing the immune response of antitumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy and energy storage are essential technologies for decarbonizing energy systems. Expansion planning of the two technologies considering source‐side carbon responsibility has been well studied. However, expansion planning considering both source‐side and load‐side carbon responsibility, which may simultaneously stimulate the carbon reduction potential of source and load, has been rarely studied. To fill this research gap, this paper proposes a bi‐layer wind turbine generator (WTG) and demand‐side battery (DSB) coordinated planning framework considering wind power and load uncertainties. Moreover, a novel source‐load bilateral carbon trading (BCT) mechanism based on the Aumann–Shapley method is proposed to stimulate the WTG and DSB configuration. In the bi‐layer planning framework with BCT mechanism, WTG and DSB capacity planning with the two‐stage stochastic optimization are conducted in the upper and lower layer, respectively. Finally, test results on a modified IEEE 24‐bus system demonstrate that the proposed framework with BCT mechanism can effectively motivate the planning configuration of WTG and DSB and carbon mitigation. Compared with the models with unilateral carbon trading mechanisms, the proposed model has advantages in stimulating configuration of WTG and DSB, reducing carbon emissions, and balancing source‐load economic burden from carbon trading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Barium hexagonal ferrites exhibiting unique self‐biasing characteristics have great potential for application in planar microwave devices, such as self‐biased circulators. Cu doping is an effective method to tailor their anisotropy field and ferrimagnetic resonance (FMR) linewidth to meet the requirements for low‐frequency low‐loss microwave devices. However, the regulation mechanism of Cu doping is still obscure, and its regulation effect is not optimized. Here, the magnetic and microwave properties of two groups of barium hexaferrites with site‐controlled Cu doping are reported. The diffusion dynamics of Cu2+ ions are comprehensively investigated, revealing significant differences in the concentration distribution and polycrystalline morphology, when comparing CuO as a reactant and sintering additive. The accumulation of Cu2+ ions at grain boundaries contributes to the increase in coercivity, whereas the dispersion of Cu2+ ions in crystallites leads to the decrease in the anisotropy field. Moreover, by introducing Cu2+ ions into the interstitial positions of the lattice, barium hexaferrites with a narrow FMR linewidth of 303 Oe and a high remanence ratio of 0.82 are achieved. These results represent the lowest FMR linewidth reported in polycrystalline hexagonal ferrites and prove the great technological value and commercial potential of Cu‐doped barium hexaferrites for next‐generation planar microwave devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pathogen infections seriously threaten human health, and there is an urgent demand for rapid and efficient pathogen identification to provide instructions in clinical diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. Recently, nanopore technology, a rapidly maturing technology which delivers ultrasensitive sensing and high throughput in real‐time and at low cost, has achieved success in pathogen detection. Furthermore, the remarkable development of nanopore sequencing, for example, the MinION sequencer from Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) as a competitive sequencing technology, has facilitated the rapid analysis of disease‐related microbiomes at the whole‐genome level and on a large scale. Here, we highlighted recent advances in nanopore approaches for pathogen detection at the single‐molecule level. We also overviewed the applications of nanopore sequencing in pathogenic bacteria identification and diagnosis. In the end, we discussed the challenges and future developments of nanopore technology as promising tools for the management of infections, which may be helpful to aid understanding as well as decision‐making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microgrid clusters (MGC) can improve the consumption of renewable energy and the system reliability. The control of microgrid cluster with large‐scale microgrids is the focus of microgrid cluster research. In order to better realize the coordination control and energy scheduling among microgrids, this paper proposes a distributed optimal strategy for complex MGC based on model predictive control (MPC) and block‐wised alternating direction multiplier method (BADMM). Firstly, an optimization model is established based on a honeycomb active distribution network (HADN); then the network is decomposed into several regions according to BADMM. The global optimization goal of the cluster is achieved by iterating the optimization results of each region in a time domain. Finally, the case study results verify the effectiveness and convergence of the proposed distributed optimization strategy, and provide a reference for energy management of MGC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obturator hernia is an infrequent pelvic hernia observed in elderly, emaciated and multiparous women. It often presents with nonspecific clinical symptoms, making it difficult to diagnose. Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study on 11 patients admitted to our hospital for obturator hernia from 2009 to 2020. Results: All the patients were diagnosed with intestinal obstruction due to incarcerated obturator hernia preoperatively. Eight patients underwent laparotomy with low midline incision. Laparoscopic approach was tried on the other three patients with two patients converting to open surgery because of inadequate visualization, and only one patient received laparoscopic repair. Of the 10 patients receiving laparotomy, seven cases received obturator hernia repair with a match and three cases were subjected to bowel resection (two cases intestinal necrosis and one case intestinal perforation). Simple peritoneal closure was performed on the three contaminated cases. One patient died of septic shock and multiple organ failure. Conclusion: The emergent computed tomography allow for early and precise diagnosis of incarcerated obturator hernia. Laparotomy with low midline incision is commonly used to manage obturator hernia in an emergency, whereas laproscopic approach may only apply to some selected cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous rechargeable batteries (ARBs) are considered promising electrochemical energy storage systems for grid‐scale applications due to their low cost, high safety, and environmental benignity. With the demand for a wide range of application scenarios, batteries are required to work in various harsh conditions, especially the cold weather. Nevertheless, electrolytes would freeze at extremely low temperatures, resulting in dramatically sluggish kinetics and severe performance degradation. Here, we discuss the behaviors of hydrogen bonds and basic principles of anti‐freezing mechanisms in aqueous electrolytes. Then, we present a systematical review of the optimization strategies of electrolytes for low‐temperature aqueous batteries. Finally, the challenges and promising routes for further development of aqueous low‐temperature electrolytes are provided. This review can serve as a comprehensive reference to boost the further development and practical applications of advanced ARBs operated at low temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic memristors with homogeneous resistive switching behaviors can emulate the functionalities of biological synapses, making them promising candidates for use in brain‐inspired neuromorphic computing. Among various environmental parameters, humidity affecting device operational stability is a critical issue that organic memristors face in practical applications. A high humidity resistant organic memristor is demonstrated here using a small molecule material F16CuPc. Unencapsulated devices show excellent moisture stability, maintaining reliable memristive switching behavior after 1 year of exposure to air at 60% high relative humidity and remaining operational when immersed in water for 96 h. A proton conduction mechanism is discovered responsible for the resistive switching effect. The continuously adjustable conductance in F16CuPc‐based memristive devices enables the mimicking of biological synapse functions. These results open up a path to a humidity tolerant neuromorphic computing system based on high humidity resistant artificial synapse devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temperature gradient‐induced Marangoni convection has attracted much attention for basic research and applications since it provides an effective means for mass and heat transfer through a liquid surface flow. Here the authors first propose a general principle to enhance such surface flow by hindering its transition to recirculation flow using an external field. They subsequently identify ferrofluid and use it validate the principle since its reduced magnetic susceptibility at higher temperatures will make the heated surface liquid stay on the surface by a thermomagnetic body force. Using a laser beam to create a heated local surface and a magnet beneath the ferrofluid to provide a vertical field, a high speed and long‐range Marangoni flow is confirmed experimentally and further supported by computational fluid dynamics simulations. To demonstrate possible applications, the authors show a self‐driving pipeless liquid conveyor belt that can efficiently transfer heat from a source to sink without external power. The demonstration of enhanced Marangoni convection opens new avenue to explore interfacial fluid dynamics and its wide applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nine pharmacological interventions for restless legs syndrome (RLS) in dialysis patients. Methods: An electronic database was used to retrieve eligible trials from PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science. Stata 14.2 software was used to perform network meta‐analysis. The primary measure was the RLS score, and the secondary measure was used to evaluate the side effects of the drug. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve method was used to rank the merits of intervention measures. A comparison of the two interventions is shown on a league table. Results: Finally, nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a total of 377 participants were included. From the results of the network meta‐analysis, all treatments ranked higher than placebo in terms of improving clinical symptoms, but only vitamin C (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −1.47 95% confidence interval [CI] −2.89, −0.05) showed significant differences compared with placebo. In terms of safety, there were no serious adverse reactions to any of the treatments compared to placebo. Conclusion: Currently, existing evidence suggests that vitamin C may be the most ideal drug to improve the symptoms of RLS in dialysis patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The asymmetric total synthesis of three lindenane sesquiterpenoid oligomers, shizukaol J, trichloranoid C and trishizukaol A, has been accomplished concisely in 15, 16 and 18 longest linear steps, respectively. The expeditious construction of molecular architectures was facilitated by Nelson's catalytic asymmetric ketene–aldehyde cycloaddition, a sequence of allylic alkylation/reduction/acidic cyclization to forge a lactone, and a double aldol condensation cascade to construct the 5/6 bicyclic system. Diastereoselective nucleophilic substitution promoted by a phase transfer catalyst constructed the C11 quaternary stereogenic center, thus prompting synthetic efficacy toward shizukaol J. The synthesis of trichloranoid C and trishizukaol A was achieved after a cascade involving furanyl diene formation and a Diels–Alder reaction, as well as a one‐pot sequence involving furan oxidation and global deprotection. Furthermore, our biological evaluation revealed that two compounds exhibited unexpected toxicity against tumor cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Based on the complex pathological environment of perioperative stroke, the development of targeted therapeutic strategies is important to control the development of perioperative stroke. Discussions: Recently, great progress has been made in nanotechnology, and nanodrug delivery systems have been developed for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Conclusion: In this review, the pathological processes and mechanisms of ischemic stroke during perioperative stroke onset were systematically sorted. As a potential treatment strategy for perioperative stroke, the review also summarizes the multifunctional nanodelivery systems based on ischemic stroke, thus providing insight into the nanotherapeutic strategies for perioperative stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The free radical polymerization of acrylates photo‐initiated by push–pull dye‐based photoinitiating systems (PISs) is widely investigated in previous works. As a supplementary investigation on push–pull dyes, here in this article, 25 push–pull structures comprising electron acceptors derived from indane‐1,3‐dione and 1H‐cyclopenta[b]naphthalene‐1,3(2H)‐dione (series 1) and 4‐dimethoxyphenyl‐1‐allylidene moieties (series 2) and various electron donors are synthesized and examined as innovative structures for photoinitiation. Among the two series of dyes examined in this work and by monitoring the polymerization processes by RT‐FTIR measurements, four dyes are determined as exhibiting excellent photoinitiation performances and these dyes are selected to perform further studies concerning the chemical mechanisms occurring inside the three‐component PISs, for example, steady state photolysis, fluorescence quenching measurements, and cyclic voltammetry. Markedly, their reactivity is also proved by photoinitiation performance upon sunlight. These results prompt us to develop high performance push–pull dyes as photosensitizers and sunlight can be used as a mild and ecofriendly light source, which can advantageously replace LEDs for the free radical photopolymerization in the future. Finally, the formation of 3D patterns with an excellent gradient of resolution is successfully achieved by the direct laser write (DLW) with/without silica fillers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multispectral remote sensing images are a very important data source, but its acquisition process is often affected by haze weather and other factors, resulting in the decline of image quality, blurred details and poor visual effect, which seriously affect their application and interpretation. To reduce the impact of haze on multispectral remote sensing image and improve the image clarity and the use value, a new haze removal method based on rolling deep learning and Retinex theory (RDLRT) was proposed here. It uses the rolling deep learning theory to realize the preliminary removal of image haze, and then calculates the peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) value of the processed image, which is used to judge whether the obtained image is a stage effect image (SEI). Then, on the one hand, the SEI image is processed for colour saturation and brightness; on the other hand, the Retinex theory is used to further filter the haze of the SEI image. Finally, the results of the two processing are fused, and it is used as the restored image after removing the haze. A series of validation experiments were carried out with true multispectral remote sensing images, outdoor colour images and different methods, and good experimental results were obtained. The purpose of removing image haze and improving image quality is achieved. Through the comparison of these experiments, it is concluded that the RDLRT algorithm proposed in this paper can not only effectively remove haze in images, but also maintain good details and colour of the image, which has some popularization values for image pre‐processing and restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effective removal of oils and organic solvents from water is of great importance for environmental protection. Three‐dimensional nanofibrous aerogels (NFAs) with superabsorbent properties promise a huge potential applicability in oil spills and chemical leaks. However, the production of such NFAs through a facile and economical method is still a great challenge. Here, a very simple solution immersion process is presented to fabricate polydimethylsiloxane‐functionalized polyacrylonitrile NFAs. The obtained NFAs exhibit a superior chemical stability, a high hydrophobicity and an excellent absorption capacity for various oils and organic solvents. More importantly, these NFAs show an outstanding reversible elasticity and could potentially be employed for continuously collecting oils and organic pollutants from water with the assistance of a pump. It is believed that the obtained absorbents could be promising candidate materials for oil and organic solvent spill cleanups under harsh conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A robust electrode–electrolyte interface is the cornerstone for every battery system, as demonstrated in the meandering history of the development of Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). In the thrust to replace the graphite anode with more energetic ones in LIBs, the effectual strategy for stabilizing the original graphite–electrolyte interface becomes obsolete and a new anode–electrolyte interface needs reconfiguration. Unfortunately, this interface has become the Achilles' heel for those anodes, such as Li‐metal anode (LMA) and Si‐based anode owing to their excessive reductivity, enormous volume change, and so forth. Encouragingly, in the last decade, impressive progress has been made on taming these extremely unstable interfaces and on the solid‐state batteries (SSBs) that are reported to be less susceptible to parasitic reactions. One of the distinguished strategies is the application of artificial Li‐alloying intermetallic interphases onto the surface of LMA, via the direct introduction of foreign metals to the Li anode or indirect hetero‐cations doping in the electrolyte, to regulate the Li deposition/stripping behavior, which has markedly improved the stability of the LMA–electrolyte interface. In parallel, the intermetallic interphases are also witnessed to profoundly enhance the anode–solid electrolyte contact and the corresponding charge transfer kinetics in various SSBs. This review will provide a panoramic overview of the application of the intermetallic interphases at the anode–electrolyte interfaces in the lithium metal batteries (LMBs), SSBs, and also derivative works in the conventional LIBs, which will focus on different concepts, methodologies, and understandings from the encircled studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the first case that describes a right broad ligament pregnancy patient complicated with pelvic congestion syndrome. A 23‐year‐old female referred to the gynecological emergency room with pelvic pain and amenorrhea. Serum beta‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) test of the patient was positive, and ultrasonography indicated that there were mixed mass signals and a large number of blood flow signals in the right parauterine area. Considering the possibility of a diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy, we performed laparoscopic exploration for this patient. According to the intraoperative situation, we formally diagnosed the right broad ligament pregnancy. Although the intraoperative hemorrhage was fierce, we still successfully completed the resection of the lesion and performed the ipsilateral salpingectomy. We performed three‐dimensional CT vascular reconstruction on the patient after surgery, and diagnosed right pelvic congestion syndrome combined with the patient's usual chronic pelvic pain symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are both capable of predicting microvascular invasion (MVI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, which modality is better is unknown. Purpose: To intraindividually compare CT and MRI for predicting MVI in solitary HCC and investigate the added value of radiomics analyses. Study Type: Retrospective. Subjects: Included were 402 consecutive patients with HCC (training set:validation set = 300:102). Field Strength/Sequence: T2‐weighted, diffusion‐weighted, and contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted imaging MRI at 3.0T and contrast‐enhanced CT. Assessment: CT‐ and MR‐based radiomics signatures (RS) were constructed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. CT‐ and MR‐based radiologic (R) and radiologic‐radiomics (RR) models were developed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The performance of the RS/models was compared between two modalities. To investigate the added value of RS, the performance of the R models was compared with the RR models in HCC of all sizes and 2–5 cm in size. Statistical Tests: Model performance was quantified by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and compared using the Delong test. Results: Histopathologic MVI was identified in 161 patients (training set:validation set = 130:31). MRI‐based RS/models tended to have a marginally higher AUC than CT‐based RS/models (AUCs of CT vs. MRI, P: RS, 0.801 vs. 0.804, 0.96; R model, 0.809 vs. 0.832, 0.09; RR model, 0.835 vs. 0.872, 0.54). The improvement of RR models over R models in all sizes was not significant (P = 0.21 at CT and 0.09 at MRI), whereas the improvement in 2–5 cm was significant at MRI (P < 0.05) but not at CT (P = 0.16). Data Conclusion: CT and MRI had a comparable predictive performance for MVI in solitary HCC. The RS of MRI only had significant added value for predicting MVI in HCC of 2–5 cm. Level of Evidence: 3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All‐inorganic perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have attracted enormous attention owing to their outstanding linear and nonlinear optical properties along with various promising photonic applications. Herein, 3D direct writing of CsPbI3 QDs in glass by engineering the ultrafast laser‐induced thermal effect is reported. Erasing and re‐writing along with multilayer writing are also demonstrated. The CsPbI3 QDs exhibit efficient deep‐red photoluminescence (PL) with internal quantum efficiency of 23%. The CsPbI3 QDs show strong two‐photon excited PL and optical limiting response to ultrafast laser pulses. The two‐photon absorption (TPA) coefficient is determined to be 9.76 × 10–11 cm W−1. Furthermore, the technique of photoinduced thermal engineering writing shows generality to pattern CsPbBr3 and CsPbCl3 QDs in glass and is also demonstrated to achieve perovskite line structures with a width of 800 nm beyond the diffraction limit. CsPbI3 QDs in glass have excellent stability under room conditions and ultraviolet light irradiation. The present technique of photoinduced thermal engineering offers a new prospect to directly construct CsPbI3 QDs in the glass. The attractive linear and nonlinear optical response of CsPbI3 QDs implies a plethora of potential applications in high‐resolution imaging, optical storage, and optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diradical chemistry, typified by the cycloaromatization of enediynes or enyne‐allenes, have been extensively explored due to the involved intriguing biological activity and unique mechanistic actions. Because of the essential Myers‐Saito cycloaromatization involved in the maleimide‐assisted rearrangement and cycloaromatization (MARACA) mechanism disclosed in our recent work, the important object of diradical/zwitterion dichotomy and the reactivity of thermally induced σ,π‐diradicals were investigated in this work through the combination of experimental and computational studies. Deuterium incorporation experiments demonstrated that the polar product was afforded from the MARACA strategy, in which the diradical and zwitterion reactivities from the cycloaromatization step could both lead to the closed‐shell product via the subsequent nucleophilic addition reaction and protonation. Using the density functional theory calculations, the unusual reactivity of the heterosymmetric diradicals to closed‐shell zwitterions was examined, and the addition of carbonyl moiety to α,3‐dehydrotoluene was allowed to occur via a nonplanar cyclic allene transition structure with a small barrier of 9.1 kcal/mol. The observed nonplanar geometry is essential for the necessarily symmetry‐breaking action, resulted in the continuous transformation from open‐shell diradical to closed‐shell zwitterion species during the addition process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This meta‐analysis was performed to compare the safety, efficacy, and pharmacoeconomic of bivalirudin versus heparin in high‐risk patients for percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Earlier meta‐analysis comparing bivalirudin and heparin during PCI demonstrated that bivalirudin caused less bleeding with more stent thrombosis. However, little data were available on the safety of bivalirudin versus heparin in high‐risk patients for PCI. Thus, we performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety in the "high‐risk" patients. A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted up to July 30, 2020. The Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment tool was used to assess the quality of included studies. The primary outcomes were all‐cause death and major adverse cardiac events (MACE); secondary outcomes were major and minor bleeding, followed by a cost‐minimization analysis comparing bivalirudin and heparin using a local drug and medical costs reported in China. Subgroup analysis was based on the type of disease of the high‐risk population. Finally, a total of 10 randomized controlled trials involved 42,699 patients were collected. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was employed to appraise the research quality. No significant difference was noted between bivalirudin and heparin regarding all‐cause death and MACE. However, subgroup analysis showed that bivalirudin caused less major bleeding in female (OR:0.65, 95% CI:0.53–0.79), diabetes (OR:0.55, 95%CI:0.42–0.73), and CKD (OR:0.59, 95%CI:0.63–1.65). The scatterers of the included literature were approximately symmetrical, and no research was outside the funnel plot. Additionally, cost‐minimization analysis showed that heparin was likely to represent a cost‐effective option compared with bivalirudin in China, with potential savings of 2129.53 Chinese Yuan (CNY) per patient for one PCI. Overall, the meta‐analysis showed that although bivalirudin appeared to have a lower risk of major bleeding rate, the overall effectiveness and safety between the two groups showed no significant difference in high‐risk patients for PCI. But the results of the cost‐minimization analysis showed that heparin could be a potential cost‐saving drug than bivalirudin in patients for PCI in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]