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In the contemporary digital age, continued online learning behaviors have become indispensable for fostering employee development. However, the learning and development literature predominantly focuses on traditional instructor‐led approaches. It remains unclear how organizations can shape employees' learning behaviors, particularly in the context of online learning. The current study clarifies this underexplored research area by investigating how organizational investment in employee developmental climate (IEDC) can promote employees' continued online learning behaviors. Drawing on social influence theory and employing a multilevel research design, we find empirical support for our research model, which specifies that IEDC positively affects employees' continued online learning behaviors through the effect of normative pressure. The findings also reveal the moderating role of online learning facilitating conditions. Specifically, in firms characterized by higher levels of online learning facilitating conditions, the positive relationship between IEDC and normative pressure becomes more pronounced when compared to organizations with lower levels of such facilitating conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: SWI/SNF complex‐deficient sinonasal carcinomas are rare, genetically distinct, and aggressive entities. Methods: SMARCB1 and SMARCA4 immunohistochemistry was retrospectively performed on a cohort of undifferentiated, poorly differentiated, and poorly defined sinonasal carcinomas. Survival outcomes were compared between SMARCB1/SMARCA4 (SWI/SNF complex)‐deficient and ‐retained groups. Results: Eight SWI/SNF complex‐deficient (six SMARCB1‐deficient, two SMARCA4‐deficient) cases were identified among 47 patients over 12 years. Triple‐modality treatment was more frequently utilized in SWI/SNF complex‐deficient carcinomas than in SWI/SNF complex‐retained carcinomas (71.4% vs. 11.8%, p = 0.001). After a median follow‐up of 21.3 (IQR 9.9–56.0) months, SWI/SNF complex‐deficient sinonasal carcinomas showed comparable recurrence rates (57.1% vs. 52.9%, p = 0.839), time‐to‐recurrence (7.3 [IQR 6.6–8.3] vs. 9.1 [IQR 3.9–17.4] months, p = 0.531), and overall survival (17.7 [IQR 11.8–67.0] vs. 21.6 [IQR 8.9–56.0] months, p = 0.835) compared to SWI/SNF complex‐retained sinonasal carcinomas. Conclusion: Triple‐modality treatment may improve survival in SWI/SNF complex‐deficient sinonasal carcinomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The amygdaloid complex consists of multiple nuclei and is a key node in controlling temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in both human and animal model studies. However, the specific nucleus in the amygdaloid complex and the neural circuitry governing seizures remain unknown. Here, it is discovered that activation of glutamatergic neurons in the posterior basolateral amygdala (pBLA) induces severe seizures and even mortality. The pBLA glutamatergic neurons project collateral connections to multiple brain regions, including the insular cortex (IC), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), and central amygdala (CeA). Stimulation of pBLA‐targeted IC neurons triggers seizures, whereas ablation of IC neurons suppresses seizures induced by activating pBLA glutamatergic neurons. GABAergic neurons in the BNST and CeA establish feedback inhibition on pBLA glutamatergic neurons. Deleting GABAergic neurons in the BNST or CeA leads to sporadic seizures, highlighting their role in balancing pBLA activity. Furthermore, pBLA neurons receive glutamatergic inputs from the ventral hippocampal CA1 (vCA1). Ablation of pBLA glutamatergic neurons mitigates both acute and chronic seizures in the intrahippocampal kainic acid‐induced mouse model of TLE. Together, these findings identify the pBLA as a pivotal nucleus in the amygdaloid complex for regulating epileptic seizures in TLE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as leading candidates for atmospheric water harvesting (AWH). Despite their high water uptake capacity, challenges persist in effective solar‐driven desorption for water collection. Addressing this, a photothermal bridge is introduced by in situ growth of Ni₃S₂ coating on a thermally conductive nickel mesh, enhancing heat transfer to the MOF and accelerating desorption kinetics. MIL‐101 (Cr) MOF in bulk form (BMOF) is bonded to the lightweight Ni─Ni3S2 mesh using adhesive, forming a dual‐layer Ni─Ni₃S₂ mesh/BMOF assembly. This hybrid retains a high water uptake of ≈0.63 g g⁻¹ at 60% relative humidity (RH) with superior sorption kinetics. Photothermally driven heat transfer from Ni─Ni₃S₂ to BMOF achieves complete water desorption within 40 min under 1 kW m−2. Compared to other configurations like foil, granules, and foam, the mesh‐based hybrid has the highest single‐cycle adsorption–desorption kinetic of 3.18 × 10⁻3 g g⁻¹ min⁻¹. Additionally, the hybrid demonstrates exceptional hydrothermal stability over 50 cycles and maintains morphological stability with airflow, ensuring consistent performance. Heat transfer simulations confirm the thermal distribution across the Ni─Ni₃S₂ mesh/BMOF, corroborating the rapid and uniform desorption. This approach paves the way for efficient AWH in high‐RH, water‐scarce regions by enhancing desorption kinetics through solar energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mango powders were supplemented with probiotics and then subjected to heat pump drying. The study evaluated the physicochemical, biochemical, and probiotic properties of the resulting mango powders. Through the effects of thickening additives type (sodium alginate and Arabic gum), concentration and drying temperature have been shown to have a direct effect on the objective functions of interest. The results showed that the foam stability increased approximately 2.14 times (MPD‐S), the solubility of powders tended to be similar to 67.65 ± 0.40%, while microbial density decreased and remained within the allowable limit of 6.9 × 106 CFU/mL (MPD‐G). Through heat pump drying, these values were drastically reduced. The mango powders were mixed for a second time to improve the organoleptic values and showed commercial viability with a score greater than 11.2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Test of Practical Judgement (TOP‐J) in its 9‐item (TOPJ9) and 15‐item (TOPJ15) versions (Rabin et el., 2007), validated for assessing practical judgement, encompasses day‐to‐day scenarios in medical, financial, safety, and social/ethical domains. This study seeks to evaluate its utility in distinguishing cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals from those with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) within a Southeast Asian population. This investigation aims to contribute insights into the cross‐cultural applicability of TOP‐J in assessing practical judgement across varying cognitive states in the Southeast Asian context. Method: A cohort of 126 non‐demented participants from the Biomarker and Cognition Study, Singapore (BIOCIS) database underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment, including TOPJ9, TOPJ15, Visual Cognitive Assessment Test (VCAT), Weschler Memory Scale (WMS‐IV) Logical Memory Story Delayed Recall, and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) delayed test in a single session. MCI was diagnosed using the Petersen criteria (Petersen et al., 2001). Additionally, mean scores for neuropsychological tests were compared. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the discriminative performance of TOP‐J between CU and MCI groups. Two‐by‐two tables facilitated the calculation of test sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for each test. Result: The mean age of the 126 participants were 60.34 years ± 9.64, 38% male, mean education of 15.16 years ± 3.11, and 82% Chinese ethnicity. Significant mean differences between groups were observed for each test (p<0.05) (Table 1). ROC Analysis indicated optimal cut‐offs for MCI identification were determined for TOPJ9 (<16.5, AUC = 0.76, Sn = 0.71, Sp = 0.7, PPV = 0.57, NPV = 0.81) and TOPJ15 (<25.5, AUC = 0.79, Sn = 0.55, Sp = 0.9, PPV = 0.75, NPV = 0.78). Discriminative properties with story delayed and RAVLT delayed are detailed in Table 2. Conclusion: Both TOP‐J 9 and 15 items are useful for the detection of MCI in a Southeast Asian population. They exhibit comparable efficacy with other neuropsychological tests for MCI detection in Southeast Asian participants. Further validation through a longitudinal study is essential to solidify their diagnostic utility in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study examined the feasibility and acceptability of a three‐session, psychological‐based intervention to improve intimacy and sexuality outcomes among women with breast and gynaecologic cancer in Singapore. Method: Patients from outpatient oncology clinics completed screeners for marital and sexual distress. Those who endorsed either marital or sexual distress were invited into the study, and were randomized to receive the intervention immediately or be waitlisted. Intervention feasibility (i.e., reach, adherence) and acceptability (i.e., satisfaction, cultural sensitivity, willingness to pay) and marital, sexual, and body image outcome changes were examined. Results: 1101 patients completed the screener; 24% of patients with breast or gynaecologic cancer reported marital or sexual distress. Forty‐six patients who were eligible participated in the study. The majority (88%) of participants who started the intervention completed all 3 sessions. All (100%) participants who completed the intervention reported satisfaction and the majority (97%) reported they would recommend the intervention to a friend. The majority of participants found the intervention to be culturally sensitive (93%) and reported being willing to pay either out of pocket or through their national medical MediSave account (76%). Outcome changes were in expected directions with small effect sizes (0.24–0.42). Several themes emerged from open‐ended feedback on what participants found useful and how the intervention can be improved. Conclusions: Approximately one quarter of breast or gynaecologic cancer patient who are partnered in Singapore reported marital or sexual distress. Despite the low reach, we found good adherence and high acceptability of the psychological‐based intervention. Our findings suggest there is room to improve awareness and delivery of sexuality‐related care in an oncology setting. Trial Registration: Number and date: NCT03420547, April 10, 2018 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess patterns of longitudinal changes in caries status among school‐going children in Singapore. Methods: Dental records for a single cohort of students who received dental examinations in six standard examination years between 2009 and 2017 were analysed (n = 24 699). Group‐based trajectory modelling with a zero‐inflated Poisson distribution was carried out to determine dental caries trajectories in the permanent dentition. Associations between sociodemographic factors and trajectory group membership were assessed using multinomial logistic regression. Results: The predicted population distribution across the four caries trajectory groups identified was 65.0% ('none'), 16.8% ('low'), 14.8% ('medium') and 3.4% ('high'). The 'none' trajectory group had a decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) score of 0 throughout the 8 years. Higher baseline DMFT counts and nonlinear increases in DMFT scores were noted for the 'low', 'medium' and 'high' trajectory groups. The correlation coefficient between DMFT counts in years 6 and 8 was 0.91, as compared to 0.77 between baseline and year 1. Factors associated with the 'high' caries trajectory include lower socio‐economic status, female gender, Chinese race (compared to the Indian race), enrolment in primary schools in the Eastern and Western regions of Singapore, and enrolment in public secondary schools. Conclusions: Under a nationwide school dental service, four trajectory patterns of caries counts in the permanent dentition were identified over 8 years. Among students in the 'low', 'medium' and 'high' trajectory groups, greater caries increment was noted during the transition from primary to secondary school. The correlation between DMFT counts in successive examinations was stronger in older than younger ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In situ alloying by additive manufacturing (AM) of premixed powders has been recognized as a promising low‐cost method for creating complex parts for biomedical implants, in which homogenization heat treatment is a critical concern in this technology. Also, as promising implant materials, their tribological properties under dry and lubrication conditions are significantly concerned with evaluating the functionalities of 3D printing. This work preliminarily addresses these two concerns with the laser powder‐bed fusion (LPBF) 3D‐printed nickel titanium copper (NiTiCu) alloy using three homogenization heat treatments and ball‐on‐disc wear tests under dry and NaCl‐lubricated conditions. It is found that to achieve sufficiently good microstructural homogeneity with low porosity, a temperature of 800 °C and a duration of 5 h is needed. Despite the promising outcome, analysis of the results revealed that all heat treatments led to the formation of a secondary phase identified as Ti2(Ni,Cu), which induced two‐step phase transformations. Thus, further studies on the optimization of the postprocessing techniques are required. The heat‐treated alloy resulting in the most favorable properties is selected for tribological testing. AM and the addition of Cu are observed to enhance the wear resistance of the alloy under lubrication conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, polyurethane acrylate (PUA) was successfully synthesized using polypropylene carbonate diol (PPC2000), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) as raw materials. Then, a series of UV‐curable elastic soft‐feel coatings based on different photo‐initiators were successfully prepared. The double‐bond conversion rate, thermal stability, storage modulus, roughness, contact angle, and other properties of the coatings were tested. The results indicated that the UV‐curable elastic soft‐feel coatings achieved a high double‐bond conversion rate and demonstrated good adhesion, chemical resistance, wear resistance, and thermal stability. Moreover, it was found that the coatings with low storage modulus, low roughness, and low surface energy displayed excellent tactile feel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Widely used volatility forecasting methods are usually based on low‐frequency time series models. Although some of them employ high‐frequency observations, these intraday data are often summarized into low‐frequency point statistics, for example, daily realized measures, before being incorporated into a forecasting model. This paper contributes to the volatility forecasting literature by instead predicting the next‐period intraday volatility curve via a functional time series forecasting approach. Asymptotic theory related to the estimation of latent volatility curves via functional principal analysis is formally established, laying a solid theoretical foundation of the proposed forecasting method. In contrast with nonfunctional methods, the proposed functional approach fully exploits the rich intraday information and hence leads to more accurate volatility forecasts. This is confirmed by extensive comparisons between the proposed method and those widely used nonfunctional methods in both Monte Carlo simulations and an empirical study on a number of stocks and equity indices from the Chinese market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tn antigen, a truncated O‐glycan representing aberrant mucin‐type O‐glycosylation, is frequently observed in human breast cancer. However, the functional role of Tn antigen in breast cancer metastasis remains insufficiently investigated. This study aimed to elucidate the expression profile of Tn antigen in breast cancer and its potential as a therapeutic target for inhibiting metastasis. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the levels of Tn antigen expression in breast cancer tissues and its clinical relevance was analyzed accordingly. Tn‐positive breast cancer cell lines were generated through disruption of the Cosmc gene. The functional roles of Tn antigen in breast cancer metastasis were studied in both in vitro and in vivo models. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were employed to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which Tn antigen promotes breast cancer metastasis. Our findings revealed that Tn antigen was prevalent in breast carcinomas, particularly within metastatic lesions. Tn antigen expression was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and poorer patient survival. Tn antigen‐expressing breast cancer cells exhibited enhanced invasiveness and metastasis, along with significant activation of EMT and FAK signaling pathways. Targeting Tn‐positive cells with HPA (Helix pomatia agglutinin) demonstrated the suppression of invasive and metastatic capabilities, EMT program, and FAK signaling in vitro, as well as reduced pulmonary metastasis in a xenotransplant mouse model. This study reveals that Tn antigen‐mediated aberrant O‐glycosylation plays a contributing role in breast cancer metastasis, which may serve as a potential therapeutic target in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Electrolyte drinks contain charged minerals and are easily accessible in the market. It has become popular for the food and beverage industry to add nutrients and/or active ingredients to electrolyte drinks and market them as functional beverages. This study aims to determine the interactive effects of electrolyte drinks added caffeine, glucose, and B‐group vitamins (FED) on cognitive, mood index, and nutritional parameters. A total of 34 university students participated in this randomised, single‐blind, and placebo‐controlled study. Participants in the intervention group consumed 500 mL of FED, while participants in the control group consumed 500 mL of an electrolyte drink (ED). Baseline and post‐intervention data on cognitive performance, mood index, blood glucose, blood pressure, heart rate, and urine specific gravity were measured. Results indicated no significant differences (P > 0.05) in post‐intervention cognitive performance scores for simple reaction time, choice reaction time, verbal paired associates, visual paired associates, and digit symbol matching between the FED and ED groups. Levels of fatigue, confusion, and total mood disturbance (TMD) were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) by 46.50%, 62.75%, and 9.54%, respectively, following FED consumption. Post‐intervention data indicated no differences between the FED and ED groups in blood pressure, heart rate, and urine specific gravity, except for the blood glucose parameter, in which the blood glucose level of the FED group was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than that of the ED group. This study indicates that FED consumed in a realistic dose can reduce fatigue, confusion, and TMD. Further studies with a higher caffeine dosage, but within the safe range, could be conducted to investigate the cognitive enhancement potential of FED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The associations of suicidality with stress are poorly studied in schizophrenia. The study aimed to determine whether suicidality was correlated with perceived chronic stress and the cortisol fluctuations under stress tasks in schizophrenia. High suicidality was defined as a lifetime history of suicide attempts or suicidal ideation in the past 2 weeks. Individuals with schizophrenia and high suicidality (SZ‐HS, n = 59), with low suicidality (SZ‐LS, n = 207), and healthy controls (HC, n = 196) finished the Perceived Stress Scale. Then, they participated in an experiment that induced stress using the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task and the Mirror Tracing Persistence Task. Negative affect was measured at baseline and after finishing each task. The salivary cortisol was collected before‐, after 20 min, and after 40 min of the tasks. SZ‐HS had elevated perceived stress than SZ‐LS and HC. Mixed effect models showed that stress tasks induced cortisol changes in all groups; cortisol of SZ‐LS was reduced more than HC, but SZ‐HS and SZ‐LS did not differ in cortisol fluctuations. SZ‐HS and SZ‐LS experienced similar negative affect changes during tasks and the difference in withdrawal rates was nonsignificant. SZ‐HS had an increased error rate than SZ‐LS. In conclusion, suicidality was correlated with high‐level perceived stress but did not result in differences in cortisol reactivities under stress tasks. It suggests the inconsistency between appraisal of stress and biological stress system disturbance among SZ‐HS compared to SZ‐LS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although seeded reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is explored as a unique method for the preparation of block copolymer nanoparticles with diverse structures, the preparation of nonlinear polymer nanoparticles by seeded RAFT polymerization is rarely reported. Herein, linear block copolymer nanoparticles are first prepared by RAFT dispersion copolymerization of benzyl methacrylate (BzMA) and 2‐(2‐(n‐butyltrithiocarbonate)propionate)ethyl methacrylate (BTPEMA) with different [BzMA]/[BTPEMA] ratios, and employed as seeds for seeded RAFT polymerization of isobornyl acrylate (IBOA) to prepare graft copolymer nanoparticles with different numbers of PIBOA side chains. Comparing with linear triblock copolymers with the same chemical composition, the graft copolymers can promote the formation of higher‐order morphologies (e.g., vesicles) under seeded RAFT polymerization conditions. Effects of reaction parameters on the morphology of graft copolymer nanoparticles are investigated in detail, and two morphological phase diagrams are constructed. It is expected that this study will not only expand the scope of seeded RAFT polymerization but also offer new opportunities for the preparation of unique polymer nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Methods Results Conclusions Frailty is highly prevalent in old age and is associated with a high risk of mortality. Few studies have evaluated frailty as a predictor of mortality in the oldest old. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to determine the mortality risk associated with frailty in this age group.An electronic systemic literature search was performed in May 2023 on three databases (Medline/PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library) for studies investigating the risk of mortality with frailty. A meta‐analysis was done to calculate pooled mortality estimates.Frail participants had significantly lower overall survival (OS) compared with non‐frail participants (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.81; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32 to 2.50; P < 0.01, I2 = 100%; risk ratio [RR]: 4.15; 95% CI: 2.50 to 6.88; P < 0.01, I2 = 97%). Among participants aged 90 and above, a higher percentage of male participants was associated with poorer OS in frail participants. While the pooled association of frailty with OS remained significant across studies in participants aged less than 90 years old (HR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.55 to 2.82; I2 = 75%), frailty was not significantly associated with OS in studies for participants aged 90 and above. The pooled association of frailty with OS was only significant for the Fried Frailty Phenotype (HR: 2.73; 95% CI: 1.05 to 7.12; I2 = 93%) and not for the Frailty Index. The pooled association also remained significant among studies that adjusted for age (HR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.50 to 2.02; I2 = 0%) and sex (HR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.48 to 2.11; I2 = 94%) as a covariate.Frailty was significantly associated with a poorer OS in participants below the age of 90. This association was not statistically significant in those older than 90 years, with sex‐differentiated effects observed. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; ••: ••–••. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Diabetes is one of the most pressing health issues in the Southeast Asian region, and hypertension has been commonly reported as a comorbidity in adults with diabetes. This systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence on the prevalence and management of hypertension in adults with diabetes in Southeast Asian countries. A literature search was conducted in Ovid MEDLINE and Embase Classic + Embase from database inception until March 15, 2024. Studies were included if (1) they were conducted in Southeast Asian countries, (2) the study populations were adults with diabetes, and (3) there was information related to hypertension or blood pressure (BP) in the study results. Of the 7486 abstracts found, 90 studies qualified for this review. Most studies reported a hypertension prevalence of 70% or higher (ranging from 29.4% to 93.4%). Despite this high prevalence, a substantial proportion of these populations did not receive adequate BP control, with most studies indicating a control rate of less than 40%. There was limited evidence on the prescription of antihypertensive therapies and medication adherence. There was a lack of studies from 4 of the 11 countries in the region. This review highlights that BP control in adults with diabetes remains a significant challenge in Southeast Asia. Given the ongoing epidemiological transition, and the increasing older population in this region who are likely to accumulate multiple chronic conditions complicating medication strategies, this review highlights the urgent need to improve BP management in those with diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's Disease (AD), as the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, severely impairs patients' cognitive functions. Although its exact etiology remains unclear, the abnormal aggregations of misfolded β-amyloid peptide and tau protein are considered pivotal in its pathological progression. Recent studies identify ubiquitin-specific protease 11 (USP11) as the key regulator of tau deubiquitination, exacerbating tau aggregation and AD pathology. Thereby, inhibiting USP11 function, via either blocking USP11 activity or lowering USP11 protein level, may serve as an effective therapeutic strategy against AD. Our research introduces IsoLiPro, a unique lithium isobutyrate-L-proline coordination compound, effectively lowers USP11 protein level and enhances tau ubiquitination in vitro. Additionally, long-term oral administration of IsoLiPro dramatically reduces total and phosphorylated tau levels in AD transgenic mice. Moreover, IsoLiPro also significantly lessens β-amyloid deposition and synaptic damage, improving cognitive functions in these animal models. These results indicate that IsoLiPro, as a novel small-molecule USP11 inhibitor, can effectively alleviate AD-like pathologies and improve cognitive functions, offering promise as a potential multi-targeting therapeutic agent against AD. Synopsis: In Alzheimer's disease (AD), USP11 interacts with and deubiquitinates tau, leading to its accumulation and accelerating tau pathology. IsoLiPro promotes the ubiquitination and proteolysis of tau protein by inhibiting the expression of USP11, thereby alleviating AD-associated tau pathologies. IsoLiPro, a small molecule inhibitor targeting USP11, was synthesized and demonstrated the ability to enhance tau ubiquitination. Inhibition of USP11 expression by IsoLiPro accelerates tau proteolysis, mitigating AD-associated tau pathology. A significant reduction in β-amyloid deposition was observed in 5xFAD mice treated with IsoLiPro. IsoLiPro improved synaptic integrity and cognitive function in AD model mice. IsoLiPro shows promise as a potential therapeutic agent for AD. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), USP11 interacts with and deubiquitinates tau, leading to its accumulation and accelerating tau pathology. IsoLiPro promotes the ubiquitination and proteolysis of tau protein by inhibiting the expression of USP11, thereby alleviating AD-associated tau pathologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Solid organ transplantation (SOT) has expanded significantly in Asia over past few decades. Donor‐derived infections (DDIs) remain a significant concern as they may adversely impact transplant outcomes. We aim to review the existing regulatory frameworks, screening protocols, and management practices for DDIs in Asia. Methods: We reached out to transplant infectious diseases experts in Asia to provide standardized data on annual SOT numbers, incidence of DDIs, regulatory frameworks, donor and recipient screening protocols, and DDI surveillance measures. We present the data from Singapore, Japan, and Thailand. Results: Donor screening for HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and syphilis is mandatory in all countries. Additionally, Japan screens for HTLV‐1 antibody due to its endemicity. We also reviewed the protocols for screening and prevention of endemic infections in Asia. Singapore is the only country implementing universal screening for all donors for dengue, Zika, and chikungunya via blood and urine RT‐PCR. Strongyloidiasis screening is not routinely done, although some transplant centers empirically give ivermectin prophylaxis to organ recipients. Tuberculosis screening with a donor questionnaire and chest radiograph is common for deceased donors, and some centers do Interferon Gamma Release Assay test for living donors. We also found a significant gap in the surveillance and reporting of potential DDIs in Asia and the overall incidence of DDIs in Asia is unknown and likely underreported. Conclusion: The experiences of Singapore, Japan, and Thailand offer valuable insights into current practices and the unmet needs regarding a DDI registry and call for coordinated efforts to address this critical issue in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Donor‐derived dengue infections present significant challenges to organ transplantation, particularly in endemic regions like Singapore. Although primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, dengue can also be transmitted through organ transplantation, occasionally with fatal outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the outcomes and evolution of dengue screening protocols for potential deceased donors in Singapore from 2006 to 2022. Methods: Initially, screening was done via dengue immunoglobulin M (IgM), targeting donors with specific clinical criteria (thrombocytopenia, drop in platelet count, prolonged prothrombin time/partial thromboplastin time, and discretion of the transplant team), later transitioning to blood dengue reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) in 2007 with similar criteria, and subsequently universal screening in 2016. In 2021, urine dengue RT‐PCR was added following a case of donor‐derived dengue infection from an aviremic but viruric donor. Results: Out of 431 potential deceased donors, 395 (91.6%) underwent dengue screening, with six (1.5%) testing positive for dengue. In 2006, three positive screens were identified: two through dengue IgM and one via blood dengue RT‐PCR; subsequent years saw one positive screen each in 2007, 2008, and 2019 via blood dengue RT‐PCR. Potential deceased donors with a positive blood dengue screen were rejected as solid organ and tissue donors. Those with negative blood dengue RT‐PCR but positive urine dengue RT‐PCR would be rejected as kidney donors, but the use of other organs and tissues was at the discretion of the transplantation team. Conclusion: The optimal screening protocol remains uncertain, but our findings suggest that a universal screening strategy utilizing both blood and urine dengue RT‐PCR could be considered in dengue‐endemic countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Societal Impact Statement: Long‐term phenology data is crucial to elucidate the effects of climate change on plants, but such efforts are lacking in the tropics. Historical records at the Singapore Botanic Gardens and ongoing phenological monitoring have allowed us to study leafing behaviour and its association with changing rainfall patterns over nine decades in equatorial Singapore. We found that the leafing behaviour of trees in our tropical site changed between 1927 and 2022. This study was made possible by assiduous past and present record‐keeping, and demonstrates the potential of botanical gardens as sentinels of environmental change, which is especially important in the tropics. Summary: Understanding tropical phenology and the potential impacts of a changing climate requires long‐term monitoring but such efforts are rare in the tropics. We took advantage of the availability of historical phenological and weather records at the Singapore Botanic Gardens and ongoing phenological monitoring to ask whether leafing behaviour has changed over an exceptionally long period of about nine decades, and whether these changes are associated with changing rainfall patterns in supposedly aseasonal Singapore.Records of leaf flush intervals from 1927 to 1939 in the Singapore Botanic Gardens were compared against leaf flush intervals calculated from present‐day phenological monitoring conducted since 2016. Daily rainfall was modelled as a predictor of present‐day leaf flushing events using moving‐window analyses.Leaf flush intervals have shortened considerably for most of the species that were monitored in the two periods. Mean daily rainfall over a window of 1 to 4 months before was negatively associated with probability of leaf flushing for five species and positively associated with four out of a total of 23 species analysed. Long‐term rainfall records from 1929 to 2022 show that February has become drier and May has become wetter since the 1960s.The results consistently support that more distinctive dry and wet periods today compared to nine decades ago have resulted in more frequent leaf flushing, which may have implications for plant‐herbivore interactions, nutrient cycling and consequently plant health and ecosystem resilience. We also demonstrate the potential and importance of supporting long‐term research in botanical gardens in the tropics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Depression is a common but often overlooked consequence in individuals with post‐traumatic brain injury (TBI). Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play essential roles in the nervous system, yet their involvement in the cell death mechanism known as cuproptosis and in TBI‐related depression remains unclear. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the role of circRNA, specifically circSpna2, in the regulation of cuproptosis and its association with depression in TBI patients. Methods: RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) was used to assess the differential expression of circRNAs. Depression was evaluated using subjective and objective rating scales, and circSpna2 expression levels in plasma were measured. Further functional experiments were conducted in TBI mouse models, including knockdown and overexpression of circSpna2, to explore its impact on the Keap1‐Nrf2‐Atp7b pathway and cuproptosis. Results: TBI patients exhibited decreased levels of circSpna2, which correlated with depression (p < 0.0001). Knocking down circSpna2 in TBI mice aggravated depression‐like symptoms (p < 0.0001). Mechanistically, circSpna2 was found to bind ubiquitin ligase Keap1, modulating the Nrf2‐Atp7b signaling pathway and influencing cuproptosis (docking score: −331.88). Overexpression of circSpna2 alleviated cuproptosis after TBI through the Keap1/Nrf2/Atp7b axis. Conclusions: CircSpna2 plays a regulatory role in cuproptosis and may serve as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for depression following TBI. Enhancing circSpna2 expression could mitigate depression after TBI by modulating the Keap1/Nrf2/Atp7b pathway. Key points: This study explores the role of circSpna2 in depression following traumatic brain injury (TBI). It was found that circSpna2 is significantly downregulated in TBI patients, and its expression levels correlate with depressive symptoms. In TBI mouse models, overexpression of circSpna2 alleviated depression‐like behaviours, while its knockdown exacerbated these symptoms, suggesting its potential as both a biomarker and a therapeutic target for post‐TBI depression. Mechanistically, circSpna2 regulates the Nrf2‐Atp7b signalling pathway by binding to the DGR domain of Keap1, which prevents Nrf2 ubiquitination and enhances Nrf2 activity. This in turn promotes the transcription of Atp7b, a copper transport protein, helping to maintain copper homeostasis and mitigate copper‐induced oxidative stress, a key protein of cell death (cuproptosis). The overexpression of circSpna2 also improved mitochondrial function and synaptic integrity, which are typically impaired by copper dysregulation. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of circSpna2 in managing TBI‐related depression through the regulation of oxidative stress and copper homeostasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This randomized, controlled, double‐blinded clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of octenidine hydrochloride and chlorhexidine mouthwashes as adjuncts to instrumentation in stage I–II periodontitis patients. Methods: Forty‐five patients with mild‐to‐moderate periodontitis were randomly allocated to three groups: 0.1% octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT), placebo, and 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwashes. Patients were instructed to use the mouthwash after instrumentation for twice a day up to 3 weeks. Periodontal parameters such as probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), O'Leary plaque index (PI), Loe and Silness gingival index (GI), Lobene stain index (SI), and oral soft tissue changes were recorded at baseline and once every week for 3 weeks. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was also recorded as a self‐administered questionnaire at the end of the study. The one‐way ANOVA was used to compare VAS scores between the groups. The repeated measures ANOVA and post hoc Newman–Keuls tests were used to assess the differences in the periodontal parameters between groups at different time intervals. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the mean SI. Results: There was a significant reduction in the mean GI of the OCT and CHX groups compared to placebo (p < 0.05). OCT usage resulted in significantly less staining, according to mean SI, when compared to CHX. Furthermore, VAS scores revealed that OCT was significantly the preferred mouthwash (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Adjunctive octenidine hydrochloride may be an alternative to chlorhexidine in its ability to control the periodontal parameters in patients with stage I–II periodontitis. Further larger studies are necessary to confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Women with gestational diabetes (GDM) have increased lifetime risk of developing diabetes. We aim to determine the factors contributing to poor adherence of the postpartum oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and identify key predictors to postpartum dysglycaemia in our Asian cohort. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of women with high‐risk GDM (n = 561). High‐risk women with GDM were defined as (1) women with diabetic‐range glucose excursions on an antepartum OGTT, (2) women diagnosed GDM on early OGTT and (3) women requiring ≥20 units of insulin during antepartum period. We use logistic regression predictive models to associate maternal variables with postpartum OGTT attendance and glucose tolerance status postnatally. Results: Between March 2020 to March 2024, 58.7% (n = 329) of women returned for postpartum OGTT. Predictors for attendance of postpartum OGTT were Chinese ethnicity (odds ratio [OR] 2.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.14–3.89]), pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (OR 0.95 [95% CI 0.90–0.99]), first GDM (OR 2.34 [95% CI 1.39–3.96]) and 2‐h glucose threshold on antepartum OGTT (OR 0.87 [95% CI 0.76–0.99]). Ethnicity influences postnatal dysglycaemia outcomes in our cohort. Chinese women, compared to women of Malay ethnicity, had a 4.5‐odds of persistent postpartum dysglycaemia. An antenatal HbA1c of ≥5.7% and an elevated 2‐h post‐OGTT glucose value significantly predict postpartum dysglycaemia independent of ethnicity. Conclusion: Ethnicity‐specific prediction models integrating antepartum OGTT and HbA1c predict postpartum dysglycaemia in a multiethnic Southeast Asian cohort. Using these predictive models, we could identify high‐risk patients for early intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic tattoo, capable of imperceivably acquiring bio‐electrical signals from the body, is broadly applied in healthcare and human‐machine interface. Tattoo substrate, the foundation of electronic tattoo, is expected to be mechanically mimetic to skin, adhesive, and breathable, and yet remains highly challenging to achieve. Herein, the study mimics human skin and design a breathable, adhesive, and mechanically skin‐like super tattoo substrate based on an ultra‐thin film (≈2 µm). Similar to skin, super tattoo demonstrates strain‐adaptive stiffening properties with high tear energy (5.4 kJ·m−2) and toughness (1.3 MJ·m−3). Superior to skin, it exhibits high adhesion, ionic conductivity, and permeability. A variety of conductive electrodes can be processed on it, showing the universality toward an ideal platform for electronic tattoo with stable and low contact impedance. Super tattoo‐based electrodes can imperceivably and accurately monitor weak electromyography (EMG) of swallowing on the junction, providing effective guidance for rehabilitation training of dysphagia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forests have seen a strong greening trend worldwide, and previous studies have attributed this mainly to land‐use conversions such as afforestation. However, for the greening of existing forests, the role of human interventions is unclear. Here we paired neighboring natural and planted forests in Southern China to minimize the differences between the forest types and analyzed the vegetation index EVI2 from Landsat over 1987 to 2021. The EVI2 trends observed in natural forests can be seen as mainly responses to large‐scale environmental changes, whereas the difference between the forest types represents the impact caused by human interventions. We found that though the mean EVI2 of planted forests was comparable to that of natural forests, the greening trends were overall 7.0% lower in planted forests. Our results suggest that human interventions associated with planted forests did not accelerate their greening, indicating the necessity for refined policies to enhance future forest greening. Plain Language Summary: General greening of forests has been reported worldwide. While previous studies have tended to attribute forest greening to land‐use conversions such as re‐ and afforestation, the role of human interventions for existing forests is still unclear. The greening trend of natural forests are mainly impacted by environmental changes, whereas those in planted forests are also influenced by human interventions. Therefore, the comparison of greening trends between the two forest types can help quantitatively distinguish the role of human interventions. Here, we paired spatially adjacent natural forests with planted forests in Southern China, and performed a pairwise comparisons of greenness and its trend between the forest types over 1987 to 2021 based on Landsat satellite series. It was found that although their mean greenness was similar, the greening trends of planted forests were 7.0% lower than the natural forests. Thus, human interventions may lead to a weakened greening trend while environmental changes were likely the main driver of greening of existing forests in Southern China. Such distinction of drivers is key for our understanding of the impact of environmental changes, land use and land use change, and for designing policies that put us on a pathway to a more sustainable future. Key Points: Planted forests showed slightly lower greenness than paired natural forests in Southern China from 1987 to 2021Over the past 40 years, the greening trends of planted forests were overall 7.0% lower than natural forests in Southern ChinaEnvironmental change, and not human interventions, was likely the dominant cause of observed greening in Southern China [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is largely a sporadic disease with few reported familial cases. Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) in sporadic PSP in Caucasian populations have identified MAPT as the most commonly associated genetic risk locus with the strongest effect size. At present there are limited data on genetic factors associated with PSP in Asian populations. Objectives: Our goal was to investigate the genetic factors associated with PSP in Southeast Asian PSP patients. Methods: Next‐generation sequencing (whole‐exome, whole‐genome and targeted sequencing) was performed in two Asian cohorts, comprising 177 PSP patients. Results: We identified 17 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 16 PSP patients (9%), eight of which were novel. The most common relevant genetic variants identified were in MAPT, GBA1, OPTN, SYNJ1, and SQSTM1. Other variants detected were in TBK1, PRNP, and ABCA7—genes that have been implicated in other neurodegenerative diseases. Eighteen patients had a positive family history, of whom two carried pathogenic MAPT variants, and one carried a likely pathogenic GBA1 variant. None of the patients had expanded repeats in C9orf72. Furthermore, we found 16 different variants of uncertain significance in 21 PSP patients in PSEN2, ABCA7, SMPD1, MAPT, ATP13A2, OPTN, SQSTM1, CYLD, and BSN. Conclusions: The genetic findings in our PSP cohorts appear to be somewhat distinct from those in Western populations, and also suggest an overlap of the genetic architecture between PSP and other neurodegenerative diseases. Further functional studies and validation in independent Asian cohorts will be useful for improving our understanding of PSP genetics and guiding genetic screening strategies in these populations. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential to improve education by personalizing learning. However, ChatGPT‐generated content has been criticized for sometimes producing false, biased, and/or hallucinatory information. To evaluate AI's ability to return clear and accurate anatomy information, this study generated a custom interactive and intelligent chatbot (Anatbuddy) through an Open AI Application Programming Interface (API) that enables seamless AI‐driven interactions within a secured cloud infrastructure. Anatbuddy was programmed through a Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) method to provide context‐aware responses to user queries based on a predetermined knowledge base. To compare their outputs, various queries (i.e., prompts) on thoracic anatomy (n = 18) were fed into Anatbuddy and ChatGPT 3.5. A panel comprising three experienced anatomists evaluated both tools' responses for factual accuracy, relevance, completeness, coherence, and fluency on a 5‐point Likert scale. These ratings were reviewed by a third party blinded to the study, who revised and finalized scores as needed. Anatbuddy's factual accuracy (mean ± SD = 4.78/5.00 ± 0.43; median = 5.00) was rated significantly higher (U = 84, p = 0.01) than ChatGPT's accuracy (4.11 ± 0.83; median = 4.00). No statistically significant differences were detected between the chatbots for the other variables. Given ChatGPT's current content knowledge limitations, we strongly recommend the anatomy profession develop a custom AI chatbot for anatomy education utilizing a carefully curated knowledge base to ensure accuracy. Further research is needed to determine students' acceptance of custom chatbots for anatomy education and their influence on learning experiences and outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subduction infancy corresponds to the first few million years of the start of subduction following heat transfer from the incipient mantle wedge towards the slab‐top, as witnessed by metamorphic soles which represent slivers of oceanic crust metamorphosed up to granulite facies conditions welded beneath obducted ophiolites. In this study, integrated petrological, geochemical, mineralogical, geochronological, and thermodynamic studies were carried out on samples from the Yushugou high‐temperature metamorphic ophiolitic complex (YHTM) in the South Tianshan Accretionary Complex (STAC), where a massive exposure of coherent granulite accompanied by a thick peridotite body is preserved. Bulk‐rock compositions and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopes demonstrate the petrogenesis of meta‐basalts with oceanic island basalt (OIB)‐like and mid‐ocean ridge basalt (MORB)‐like affinities, with little infiltration by subduction‐derived melts and/or fluids (e.g., no negative Nb–Ta anomalies). Thermodynamic modelling and U–Pb chronology reveal that the YHTM meta‐basalts experienced granulite facies metamorphism of ~840–940°C and ~0.92–1.02 GPa at c. 392 Ma and then possibly reheating and zircon alteration in the Carboniferous. In addition, detrital zircons in sedimentary host rocks of the YHTM show limited Precambrian records and offer maximum depositional ages of c. 410–400 Ma together with the oldest Palaeozoic cluster around c. 470–450 Ma. It is suggested that the YHTM granulites could be of Ordovician–Silurian protolith and such an age pattern significantly deviates from those of adjacent terranes (the Central Tianshan, STAC, and North Tarim Craton). Combined with the compilation of pressure–temperature–time estimates of the YHTM and ages of regional ophiolites, arc intermediate‐mafic rocks, A‐type granites, and deformation, a model of induced, temporarily northward, intra‐oceanic subduction initiation is proposed, which probably occurred along the previously existing weak zone close to a seamount or oceanic plateau in the earliest middle Devonian during the northward subduction of the South Tianshan Ocean (STO). Anomalously high geothermal gradients could be triggered by asthenosphere upwellings, further facilitating the formation of OIB‐type metamorphic soles. The YHTM, which represents the remnant of metamorphic soles and associated ophiolites, was finally emplaced to the north margin of the STAC during the relatively long‐term (c. 160 million years) accretion and continuous subduction of the STO before its closure. This finding also presents a new natural example of OIB‐type metamorphic soles as a snapshot of fossil intra‐oceanic subduction infancy during the complex evolutionary history of the STO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As cloud native technology advances, the scale and complexity of applications built on microservice architecture continue to expand, leading to increasingly intricate differences between software within the same application. Microservice applications, offering high flexibility, are deployed in data centers as black boxes from the users' perspective, leaving them with no insight into the orchestration of cloud service providers. Consequently, users face challenges in promptly recognizing performance imbalances within their deployed applications. Meanwhile, cloud service providers may cut costs by offering a mix of qualified and unqualified services, potentially deceiving users. To enhance the understanding of microservice application organization, we propose a non‐intrusive measurement framework, termed NMPI. NMPI facilitates rapid identification of microservice application defects, offering insights into cloud services and detecting fraudulent behavior in microservice‐based applications. We model microservice applications using a queue analysis‐based approach and filter the dominant frequency components of average response time signals by employing k‐means on the fast fourier transform (FFT). Our model constructs a library of performance portraits for various software, with these portraits resembling human fingerprints that carry and mark the software's internal information. Utilizing a two‐tier microservices‐based application incorporating a database as a case study allows us to demonstrate the effectiveness of NMPI. Our experimental results show that NMPI can produce differentiable profiles of data service performance portraits across a diverse and extensive range of workloads, enabling the identification of software types and the analysis of performance conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eosinophilic dermatosis of hematologic malignancy (EDHM) is a cutaneous manifestation seen in patients with hematoproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders, most commonly chronic lymphocytic leukemia. This systematic review aimed to summarize the therapeutic interventions of EDHM. A comprehensive search yielded 71 studies, predominantly case reports and series. The most frequently reported modalities were systemic and topical corticosteroids, as well as treatment of the underlying malignancy. Responses to these treatments varied. Targeted therapies, including dupilumab and omalizumab, showed promise, as did other modalities such as montelukast, dapsone, doxycycline, and phototherapy. Higher‐quality studies should be conducted to facilitate higher‐quality management recommendations for EDHM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adjusting the energy levels and fibrillar morphology is paramount to enhancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs). In the present study, an increase in the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) is facilitated through the elongation of the alkyl chain within AQx (namely AQx‐8), aiming to decrease the free volume ratio (FVR). This reduction in FVR attenuates electron‐phonon coupling, thereby augmenting emission efficiency and diminishing the non‐radiative energy loss (ΔEnr). To further refine the energy levels and morphological characteristics, the external undecyl chain of AQx‐8 is substituted with a shorter carbon chain and cyclohexane noted for its considerable steric hindrance (AQx‐H). This alteration significantly mitigates intermolecular aggregation, expands the bandgap, and elevates the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level, culminating in an elevated VOC of 0.923 V in devices based on AQx‐H. Morphological analysis reveals that blends based on AQx‐H exhibit an enhanced multi‐length‐scale fibrillar structure, which is conducive to exciton dissociation and charge transport, thereby contributing to a high fill factor (FF) nearing 80%. Consequently, this study reports one of the highest binary PCEs documented, standing at 19.5% (with certification at 19.0%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐enriched breast cancer benefits significantly from anti‐HER2 targeted therapies. This highlights the critical need for precise HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) interpretation serving as a triage tool for selecting patients for anti‐HER2 regimens. Recently, the emerging eligibility of patients with HER2‐low breast cancers for a novel HER2‐targeted antibody–drug conjugate (T‐DXd) adds challenges to HER2 IHC scoring interpretation, notably in the 0–1+ range, which shows high interobserver and interlaboratory staining platform variability. In this review, we navigate evolving challenges and suggest practical recommendations for HER2 IHC interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emergy analysis (EmA) is the quantitative sustainability method that analyses materials, energy resources, goods, or services under a common unit of solar emergy (seJ). Meanwhile, life cycle assessment (LCA) is one of the popular tools to evaluate environmental impacts. Both methods have been widely used in various applications, hence, the idea of co‐jointing these two methods has been increasing to optimize the assessment's inclusivity. However, the existing integrated LCA–EmA methods are applied segmentally with minimal data integration, which has limited the potential of co‐benefits in sustainability accounting. This research proposes a more comprehensive integration between LCA and EmA, known as life cycle emergy analysis (LCEmA). The process data is fully integrated, and the detailed methodological approach is presented to demonstrate the assessment process. Diaper manufacturing is selected as a case study to validate the functionality of the proposed LCEmA approach. The inclusion of foreground and background data offered in LCEmA approach considers backend processes such as electricity generation for manufacturing activities. This has shifted the sustainability hotspot from raw material extraction to the manufacturing process. This research demonstrates that the LCEmA approach can perform comprehensive analysis as a promising alternative to the existing integrated LCA–EmA methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein the defect engineering is reported in zirconium 1,4‐dicarboxybenzene metal‐organic frameworks (UiO‐66) both inducing new adsorption sites and enhancing the adsorption affinity of indole adsorbates. The result shows that high adsorption energies for indole are obtained at the deprotonated μ3‐O, followed by unsaturated Zr‐cation sites in defective UiO‐66 structures. The key interactions are the hydrogen bonding between the hydrogen donor NH group of indole with the negative charge oxygen atom of the induced μ3‐O site and the dative covalent bond between the nitrogen atom of indole with the unsaturated Zr‐cation. For hydrogen bonding, the binding energies tend to increase with the increasing of defect concentrations and spread a broad range up to ≈−2.00 eV. It is also shown that the vibrational modes of indole molecules are influenced by their adsorption sites. Accordingly, the NH stretching modes of the adsorbed indole are redshifted ≈100–300 cm−1 compared to its counterpart in the isolated indole. The strongest redshift is obtained for indole adsorbed at the μ3‐O site with three missing linkers. The occupation of water at the active sites may enhance or diminish the adsorption affinity of indole relying on the hydrogen bonding mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The impact of atrial fibrillation (AF) among patients with amyloidosis on in‐hospital outcomes is not well‐established. We aimed to examine in‐hospital outcomes among patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of AF with and without amyloidosis. Methods and Results: We queried the Nationwide Readmissions Database to compare the in‐hospital outcomes among AF patients with and without amyloidosis. Our study demonstrated that in‐hospital all‐cause mortality, adverse events, and 30‐day readmission were comparable between the two groups. Conclusions: Patients with AF and concurrent amyloidosis did not have worse in‐hospital outcomes than those with AF alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to document the safety and efficacy of a single infusion of autologous umbilical cord blood (UCB) in 20 autistic children aged 24–72 months. A pre‐post treatment within‐subjects open label design was used. At T = 0, 6, 12, and 18 months, participants underwent detailed and structured safety evaluations (via caregiver report), Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (Vineland‐3), Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale (SB‐5), Expressive One‐Word Picture Vocabulary Test, Brief Observation of Social Communication Change (BOSCC), Pervasive Developmental Disorder‐Behavior Inventory, Repetitive Behavior Scale‐Revised, Sensory Experience Questionnaire (SEQ‐2.1), Child Behavior Checklist, Clinical Global Impression‐Severity and Improvement (CGI‐I) Scales, and eye‐gaze tracking. UCB infusion was conducted at T = 6 months, hence, 0–6 months was the control period, and 6–18 months the follow‐up period. Of 20 children recruited, 19 completed the study and 1 was withdrawn due to UCB not meeting quality control criteria for infusion. There were 15 males and 4 females with an overall mean (SD) age of 4.15 (0.62) years. Mean (SD) cell dose administered was 38.16 (9.82) million cells/kg. None suffered serious adverse events although there were mild behavioral side effects and one unit grew coagulase negative staphylococcus from a post‐thaw sample. There were no significant differences in Vineland‐3, SB‐5, BOSCC, and SEQ‐2.1 scores at T = 12 and T = 18 months. Twelve participants had T = 18 CGI‐I scores of 2–3 (minimally to much improved), seven participants had scores of 4 (no change). Autologous UCB infusion in autistic children is generally safe but not without risks, including that of infection. In this within‐subjects study, some children showed global symptom improvements while others showed no change. Stem cell therapies for autism should only be conducted under strict clinical trial conditions with clear risk discussions. Lay Summary: This open label clinical trial investigated changes in language, social communication, autism symptoms, behavior, and eye‐gaze tracking in 20 autistic children, comparing a period when they were on regular behavioral interventions to a period after they had received an infusion of their own cord blood. Nineteen children completed the study, as one had to be withdrawn due to the cord blood unit not meeting quality control criteria to be safe enough for infusion. Although cord blood infusion was found to be generally safe, some children had mild temporary side effects affecting their behavior (increased repetitive behaviors, aggression/irritability, hyperactivity, mood swings, sleep problems). One child's cord blood unit sample also showed bacterial growth, although that child remained well after the infusion. Some children showed global symptom improvements while others showed no change. Stem cell therapies for autism should therefore only be conducted within clinical trials with clear risk discussions, including that of infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat treatment is carried out on 20MnCr5 gear steel using a cycle carburizing process. The dispersed carbide precipitation mechanism in the carburized layer of 20MnCr5 gear steel is revealed, and the metallographic organization, microhardness, wear resistance, and fatigue properties are tested. The precipitation mechanism of two kinds of dispersed carbides at grain boundary and inside grain in carburized layer of gear steel was observed by experiment. The size of dispersed carbide particles is 0–5 μm, and 90% of the dispersed carbide is appropriately smaller than 1 μm. Compared to gears without dispersed carbide, gears with dispersed carbide have high microhardness within a 0.4 mm depth below the surface and a low friction coefficient. It has been verified by bench test that the presence of diffuse carbides dramatically improves the fatigue life of the gears after shot blasting and shot peening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Visual Cognitive Assessment Test(VCAT) is a visual‐based cognitive evaluation tool which can be administered to multilingual populations without translation. VCAT has shown to be effective in differentiating mild cognitive impairment(MCI) from cognitively normal and useful for diagnosing MCI and mild AD(Kandiah et al., 2016). However, whether VCAT is also useful for differentiating between vascular and non‐vascular MCI remains to be explored. Method: 604 non‐demented participants were recruited from the community as part of the Southeast Asian Biomarker and Cognition Study, Singapore(BIOCIS). All participants completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, including VCAT, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning(RAVLT) Delayed, and Color Trails 2(CT2). Classification of MCI was based on Petersen's criteria(Petersen et al., 2001). Participants also underwent neuroimaging using a 3T MRI scanner. T1‐weighted and fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery MRI was used for white matter hyperintensity visual ratings as per the modified Fazekas scale (Vipin et al., 2021). Participants with Fazekas total score of 5 and above were classified as the vascular group. Therefore, participants were divided into three groups: Cognitively Normal without cerebrovascular disease(NV‐CN), Non‐Vascular MCI(NV‐MCI), and Vascular MCI(V‐MCI) and their tests mean scores and cerebral perfusion were compared. Additionally, all neuropsychological tests and perfusion were compared in differentiating between NV‐CN and V‐MCI. Results: Participant demographics included a mean age of 60.34 years±10.76, Male 44%, and mean education years of 14.44 years±3.71. After adjusting for age and education years, mean of neuropsychological test, perfusion scores were significantly different between the three groups(p < 0.05). Tukey HSD post‐hoc test showed pairwise differences between all groups, except for perfusion scores(Table 1). ROC analysis was conducted to explore the discriminative performance of VCAT in differentiating between CN and V‐MCI. The analysis indicated an AUC of 0.74 with the optimal VCAT cut‐off for differentiating between CN and V‐MCI as 25.5 with specificity 0.85 and sensitivity 0.48. In an additional ROC analysis, we compared the discriminative properties of VCAT, RAVLT Delayed, CT2 and Perfusion. Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that VCAT is useful in discriminating between CN and V‐MCI, especially in comparison to other neuropsychological tests and perfusion. Future longitudinal studies are needed for further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bridging integrator 1 (BIN1), one of the most strongly associated gene with Alzheimer's disease (AD). It has been reported to play a role in the pathological processes of AD; however, the exact mechanism has not yet been completely found. Method: Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI, N = 495) was the discovery cohort, and the Chinese Alzheimer's Biomarker and LifestylE (CABLE, N = 619) study was used to replicate the results. Two BIN1 gene polymorphism (rs7561528 and rs744373) were included in the analysis. Multiple linear regression model was used to examine the BIN1 loci relationship with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers and alternative biomarker of microglial activation microglia‐soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2). Causal mediation analysis was conducted through 10,000 bootstrapped iterations to explore the mediating effect of sTREM2 on AD pathology. Result: In the ADNI database, we found a significant association between BIN1 loci (rs7561528 and rs744373) and the levels of CSF phosphorylated‐tau (P‐tau) (Pc = 0.017; 0.010, respectively) and total‐tau (T‐tau) (Pc = 0.011; 0.013, respectively). The BIN1 loci were also found to be correlated with the levels of CSF sTREM2 (Pc = 0.010; 0.008, respectively). Mediation analysis demonstrated that CSF sTREM2 partially mediated the association of the BIN1 loci with P‐tau (rs7561528: Prop = 20.9% of total effect; rs744373: Prop = 24.9% of total effect) and T‐tau (rs7561528: Prop = 36.6% of total effect; rs744373: Prop = 44.1% of total effect). The analysis in CABLE study replicated the mediation role of rs7561528. Conclusion: This study demonstrated correlation between BIN1 loci and CSF AD biomarkers as well as microglia biomarker, particularly in preclinical AD. Additionally, the link between BIN1 loci and AD pathology was partially mediated by CSF sTREM2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the following fractional Kirchhoff‐type pseudo parabolic equation driven by a nonlocal integro‐differential operator ℒK$$ {\mathcal{L}}_K $$: ut|x|2s+M([u]s2)ℒKu+ℒKut=|u|p−2ulog|u|,$$ \frac{u_t}{{\left&#x0007C;x\right&#x0007C;}&#x0005E;{2s}}&#x0002B;M\left({\left[u\right]}_s&#x0005E;2\right){\mathcal{L}}_Ku&#x0002B;{\mathcal{L}}_K{u}_t&#x0003D;{\left&#x0007C;u\right&#x0007C;}&#x0005E;{p-2}u\log \mid u\mid, $$where [u]s$$ {\left[u\right]}_s $$ represents the Gagliardo seminorm of u$$ u $$. Instead of imposing specific assumptions on the Kirchhoff function, we introduce a more general sense to establish the local existence of weak solutions. Moreover, via the sharp fractional Hardy inequality, the decay estimates for global weak solutions, the blow‐up criterion, blow‐up rate, and the upper and lower bounds of the blow‐up time are derived. Lastly, we discuss the global existence and finite time blow‐up results with high initial energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]