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Introduction: Spatial changes of amine metabolites and histopathology of the whole brain help to reveal the mechanism of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and treatment. Methods: A newly developed liquid microjunction surface sampling–tandem mass tag–ultra performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry technique is applied to profile brain amine metabolites in five brain regions after impact‐induced TBI at the subacute stage. H&E, Nissl, and immunofluorescence staining are performed to spatially correlate microscopical changes to metabolic alterations. Then, bioinformatics, molecular docking, ELISA, western blot, and immunofluorescence are integrated to uncover the mechanism of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction (XFZYD) against TBI. Results: Besides the hippocampus and cortex, the thalamus, caudate‐putamen, and fiber tracts also show differentiated metabolic changes between the Sham and TBI groups. Fourteen amine metabolites (including isomers such as L‐leucine and L‐isoleucine) are significantly altered in specific regions. The metabolic changes are well matched with the degree of neuronal damage, glia activation, and neurorestoration. XFZYD reverses the dysregulation of several amine metabolites, such as hippocampal Lys‐Phe/Phe‐Lys and dopamine. Also, XFZYD enhances post‐TBI angiogenesis in the hippocampus and the thalamus. Conclusion: This study reveals the local amine‐metabolite and histological changes in the subacute stage of TBI. XFZYD may promote TBI recovery by normalizing amine metabolites and spatially promoting dopamine production and angiogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a case of polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) with rice body formation in a 4-year-old female patient. The patient presented with painless swelling in the right ankle and left knee, along with limited movement and localized elevated skin temperature. Laboratory tests revealed abnormal levels of C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Imaging showed extensive abnormal nodular signals in the joints, which were diagnosed as rice body synovitis. The patient was treated with anti-inflammatory medication and showed significant improvement in swelling. Rice body formation is a rare inflammatory disorder associated with systemic disease, and it is suggested to be caused by synovial microinfarcts or fibrin aggregation in the joint cavity. This is the first reported case of polyarticular JIA with rice bodies, and the prognosis is generally good with appropriate treatment. The article concludes that surgery combined with medication is the best treatment approach for this condition. [Extracted from the article]

Short‐wave source localisation has an important role in many fields. A two‐stage iterative algorithm is proposed based on the ionospheric virtual height (IVH) model using the direction of arrival (DOA) and time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements, which is divided into DOA stage and TDOA stage. The optimisation problem of the TDOA stage can be obtained by using the result of DOA stage and TDOA measurements. During the solution process, the non‐convex quadratic equation constraints are converted to linear constraints, which can lead to the algorithm converges to the global optimal solution and the optimal solution can be analytically solved. The theoretical analysis demonstrates that the localisation accuracy of both stages can reach the corresponding constrained Cramér‐Rao lower bound (CCRLB). And the accuracy of TDOA stage achieves the CCRLB of hybrid localisation. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Timely recognition of futile recanalization might enable a prompter response and thus improve outcomes in patients receiving successful thrombectomy. This study aims to evaluate whether postoperative fibrinogen‐to‐albumin ratio (FAR) could act as an indicator of futile recanalization. Methods: This is a single‐center, retrospective analysis of patients with acute anterior circulation large‐vessel occlusion and successful thrombectomy between May 2019 and June 2022. FAR was defined as postoperative blood levels of fibrinogen divided by those of albumin, and dichotomized into high and low levels based on the Youden index. Futile recanalization was defined as patients achieving a successful recanalization with a modified Rankin Scale score of 3–6 at 90 days. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association of FAR with futile recanalization. Results: A total of 255 patients were enrolled, amongst which 87 patients (34.1%) had high postoperative FAR. Futile recanalization was more prevalent among patients with high FAR compared to those with low FAR (74.7% vs. 53.0%, p =.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, high postoperative FAR was found to independently correspond with the occurrence of futile recanalization (adjusted OR 2.40, 95%CI 1.18–4.87, p =.015). This association was consistently observed regardless of prior antithrombotic therapy, treatment of intravenous thrombolysis, occlusion site, time from symptom onset to groin puncture, and reperfusion status. Conclusion: Our findings support high postoperative FAR serving as an indicator of futile recanalization in patients with anterior circulation large‐vessel occlusion and successful thrombectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Having good collaterals is associated with better clinical outcomes in patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy. This study aims to evaluate whether the effect of collateral status on functional outcomes is modified by volemia at admission. Methods: This is a single‐center, retrospective analysis of patients who had acute proximal anterior circulation occlusion and underwent endovascular thrombectomy between January 2019 and June 2022. Volemia at admission, evaluated by blood urea nitrogen‐to‐creatinine ratio, was used to dichotomize patients into dehydrated and hydrated groups. The primary outcome was functional independence (90‐day modified Rankin Scale score = 0–2). Secondary outcomes were the rates of successful reperfusion, 24‐h symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and 90‐day all‐cause mortality. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the interaction between collateral status and volemia at admission on outcomes. Results: A total of 290 patients were enrolled, among whom having good collaterals was associated with functional independence (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.41–5.22, p = 0.003). Having good collaterals benefited dehydrated patients (adjusted OR = 3.33, 95% CI = 1.45–7.63, p = 0.004) but not hydrated patients (adjusted OR = 2.21, 95% CI = 0.73–6.68, p = 0.161). However, an interaction between collaterals and volemia at admission on functional independence was not observed (p = 0.319). The rates of successful reperfusion, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, and all‐cause mortality were similar between those with good and poor collaterals in both dehydrated and hydrated patients. Conclusions: The effect of collateral status on the functional independence of patients undergoing thrombectomy is not modified by volemia at admission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Although intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) has not shown confirmative effects on the outcomes of patients receiving successful thrombectomy, it might influence the outcomes of a subset of these patients. This study aims to evaluate whether the effects of IVT depend on final reperfusion grade in patients with successful thrombectomy. Methods: This is a single‐center, retrospective analysis of patients with an acute anterior circulation large‐vessel occlusion and a successful thrombectomy between January 2020 and June 2022. Final reperfusion grade was evaluated by the modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) score, which was dichotomized into incomplete (mTICI 2b) and complete (mTICI 3) reperfusion. The primary outcome was functional independence (90‐day modified Rankin Scale score 0–2). Safety outcomes were 24‐h symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and 90‐day all‐cause mortality. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess the interactions between IVT treatment and final reperfusion grade on outcomes. Results: When comparing all 167 patients enrolled in the study, IVT did not influence the extent of functional independence (adjusted OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 0.65–2.95; p = 0.397). The effect of IVT on functional independence depended on final reperfusion grade (p = 0.016). IVT benefited patients with incomplete reperfusion (adjusted OR: 3.70; 95% CI 1.21–11.30; p = 0.022), but not those with complete reperfusion (adjusted OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.14–1.59; p = 0.229). IVT was not associated with 24‐h symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (p = 0.190) or 90‐day all‐cause mortality (p = 0.545). Conclusions: The effect of IVT on functional independence depended on final reperfusion grade in patients with successful thrombectomy. IVT appeared to benefit patients with incomplete reperfusion, but not those with complete reperfusion. Because reperfusion grade cannot be determined prior to endovascular treatment, this study argues against withholding IVT in IVT‐eligible patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the key raw materials that replace petroleum materials in today's world, biomass resources could be regarded as a promising resource. Currently, lignin and its derivatives are the only lignocellulosic biomass found to possess aromatic rings. Extending the application area of lignin requires overcoming the limitations of its low hydrophilicity. Sulfonation process becomes the most effective method for preparing lignosulfonates. An analysis of the mechanisms by which different lignosulfonates are prepared. It compared the effects of various modification methods on charge density and sulfonate group content in lignosulfonates. It also examined how different separation techniques affect the properties of lignosulfonates. As a result of being more water‐soluble, there is also a review of cutting‐edge research in the fields of energy, medicine, and agriculture. Also, the possible uses of lignosulfonate are talked about, and ideas are given for how this compound could be improved in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The great demand for mobile blockchain computing power is often unsatisfied by terminal devices, so computational tasks are offloaded to edge computing servers. This paper proposes a new mobile communication blockchain assumption, forms a computing power alliance (CPA), and builds a smart contract‐based security model. First, mining difficulty compensates for the personal computing power outside the CPA to increase the block generation difficulty. Second, contract account funds are used to increase the cost of malicious nodes seeking to launch forking attacks, and the duration is used to limit mining. Finally, a court trial is opened to select validators to verify the fork. The auction algorithm is used to allocate computing power in the CPA, and a price utility function is constructed to maximize social welfare. The joint optimization algorithm increases the transaction price and improves the system security. Simulation results verify that the system security increases with the blocked funds and duration, and the forking attack success rate approaches zero as the number of validators increases. The proposed algorithm provides considerable sum utility and average revenue gains versus traditional methods under different numbers of mobile users and computational capabilities, and the security of the algorithm is also higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an emerging technology, virtual coupling improves the efficiency and flexibility of metro services by forming multiple trains (units) as a virtually coupled train set (VCTS) without mechanical couplers. However, to realize the desired VCTS operation in practical metro services, a significant gap to be filled is that the implicit and nonlinear safety constraints are hard to be addressed in real‐time control. Thus, this paper proposes a hierarchical control approach with a two‐layer framework. In the upper layer, a trajectory planning method is designed, which addresses the safety constraints and prescribes a reference trajectory for each unit. In the lower layer, a model predictive control approach is constructed, by which each unit accurately tracks its reference trajectory in real time. Afterward, the proposed hierarchical control approach is employed to realize VCTS inter‐station operation in field tests. The average tracking error of speed is around 8 cm/s and the stopping error is less than 12 cm. The following distance between two units in VCTS is reduced to less than 105 m at the speed of 80 km/h, which is a breakthrough in the development of VCTS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Architected materials can exhibit mechanical properties that do not occur with ordinary solids. By integrating hierarchy and size effects, microarchitected metamaterials fabricated by two‐photon lithography with a metallic or ceramic coating can be ultrastrong but lightweight. However, the attainment of both strength and ductility is generally mutually exclusive. Inspired by the Pantheon dome in Rome, which can withstand high load while keeping low density, microarchitected domes with a gradient helix are designed and deposited in a hierarchical nanostructured aluminum film with ultrahigh strength and considerable plasticity. Despite having a thick coating, which usually causes catastrophic collapse, the thick‐walled metallic dome shows recoverability during compression. The compressive strength increases to 73 times that of current ductile‐like microlattices, leading to the metamaterial occupying the domain of the material property space that is hitherto empty. Detailed in situ experimental and computational work reveals the graceful (noncatastrophic) failure due to the helical twisting and plastic flow in the supra‐nanomaterial. It is a promising method of suppressing brittle failure via a combination of architectural and material design. It can be used to impart enhanced functionality, making programmable stiffness, and tailored energy absorption all possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Architected materials can exhibit mechanical properties that do not occur with ordinary solids. By integrating hierarchy and size effects, microarchitected metamaterials fabricated by two‐photon lithography with a metallic or ceramic coating can be ultrastrong but lightweight. However, the attainment of both strength and ductility is generally mutually exclusive. Inspired by the Pantheon dome in Rome, which can withstand high load while keeping low density, microarchitected domes with a gradient helix are designed and deposited in a hierarchical nanostructured aluminum film with ultrahigh strength and considerable plasticity. Despite having a thick coating, which usually causes catastrophic collapse, the thick‐walled metallic dome shows recoverability during compression. The compressive strength increases to 73 times that of current ductile‐like microlattices, leading to the metamaterial occupying the domain of the material property space that is hitherto empty. Detailed in situ experimental and computational work reveals the graceful (noncatastrophic) failure due to the helical twisting and plastic flow in the supra‐nanomaterial. It is a promising method of suppressing brittle failure via a combination of architectural and material design. It can be used to impart enhanced functionality, making programmable stiffness, and tailored energy absorption all possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The meteorological elements will affect the propagation of the radio wave. These meteorological elements can be reflected by the atmospheric refractive index, which is derived from the pressure, temperature, relative humidity, and vapor pressure. Using the atmospheric sounding data, a real atmospheric refractive index model for an identified area can be obtained. Combined with the refractive index model, the atmosphere can be divided into layered media with different refractive index, and a numerical model can be established to indicate the wave propagation path. The numerical solution results are verified by the analytical solution and other presented model. Due to its high accuracy and computational efficiency, the proposed numerical model can be used to quickly illustrate the physical path of radio wave atmospheric propagation, providing theoretical guidance for related applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gas‐liquid displacement occurs often in fractured gas reservoirs, and can cause gas kick and mud leakage, resulting in a very high risk of losing well control. To analyze gas‐liquid displacement between borehole and gassy fracture, we used computational fluid dynamics to simulate its behaviors. We also used response surface methodology (RSM) to design numerical experiments. The effects of fracture width, bottom‐hole differential pressure, mud density, mud viscosity, and mud displacement were taken into account. We used RSM to determine the influence of the multifactor interaction of gas‐liquid displacement and established an empirical formula for the gas displacement rate. The results show that gas‐liquid displacement is proportional to fracture width, bottom‐hole differential pressure, mud density, and mud displacement; however, the displacement is inversely proportional to mud viscosity. The sensitivity sequence of the gas‐liquid displacement rate is fracture width > bottom‐hole differential pressure > mud viscosity > mud density > mud velocity. The impact of fracture width is clearly higher than that of the other factors, while the mud velocity has almost no impact. Our established empirical formula can be used to predict bottom‐hole gas kick and drilling mud leakage and to inversely predict the fracture width and formation gas pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A scheme of single‐phase‐to‐ground faulty feeder detection by adjusting the compensation degree of arc‐suppression coil (CDASC) for compensated distribution network is presented in this study. The scheme defines transient variation components (TVCs) of feeders, which use the transient signals of zero‐sequence current of each feeder and zero‐sequence voltage in the bus before the adjustment and those after the adjustment. The TVCs of sound feeders always keep almost 0, while the TVC of faulty feeder changes remarkably before and after adjusting CDASC. On the basis of TVCs, faulty feeder detection can be achieved sensitively and accurately with simple and practicable procedure without sophisticated algorithms. The performance of the scheme validated by digital simulation with various fault conditions of different transition resistances, fault inception angles, white noises and compensation degrees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Maintenance of stable mitochondrial respiratory chains could enhance adaptability to high temperature, but the potential mechanism was not elucidated clearly in plants. In this study, we identified and isolated a TrFQR1 gene encoding the flavodoxin‐like quinone reductase 1 (TrFQR1) located in mitochondria of leguminous white clover (Trifolium repens). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that amino acid sequences of FQR1 in various plant species showed a high degree of similarities. Ectopic expression of TrFQR1 protected yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) from heat damage and toxic levels of benzoquinone, phenanthraquinone and hydroquinone. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and white clover overexpressing TrFQR1 exhibited significantly lower oxidative damage and better photosynthetic capacity and growth than wild‐type in response to high‐temperature stress, whereas AtFQR1‐RNAi A. thaliana showed more severe oxidative damage and growth retardation under heat stress. TrFQR1‐transgenic white clover also maintained better respiratory electron transport chain than wild‐type plants, as manifested by significantly higher mitochondrial complex II and III activities, alternative oxidase activity, NAD(P)H content, and coenzyme Q10 content in response to heat stress. In addition, overexpression of TrFQR1 enhanced the accumulation of lipids including phosphatidylglycerol, monogalactosyl diacylglycerol, sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol and cardiolipin as important compositions of bilayers involved in dynamic membrane assembly in mitochondria or chloroplasts positively associated with heat tolerance. TrFQR1‐transgenic white clover also exhibited higher lipids saturation level and phosphatidylcholine:phosphatidylethanolamine ratio, which could be beneficial to membrane stability and integrity during a prolonged period of heat stress. The current study proves that TrFQR1 is essential for heat tolerance associated with mitochondrial respiratory chain, cellular reactive oxygen species homeostasis, and lipids remodeling in plants. TrFQR1 could be selected as a key candidate marker gene to screen heat‐tolerant genotypes or develop heat‐tolerant crops via molecular‐based breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in the world and nearly all patients who respond initially to cisplatin later develop drug resistance, indicating multi-drug resistance is an essential aspect of the failure of treatment. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) has been implicated in inhibiting metastasis of several types of human cancer. However, the effect and potential mechanism of PEITC reversed multi-drug resistance of human gastric cancer is not fully clear. We have identified the role of PEITC in multi-drug resistance reversal of human gastric cancer SGC7901/DDP cell line. PEITC inhibited cisplatin-resistant human SGC7901/DDP cell growth in a dose-dependent manner, causing increased apoptosis, ROS generation, glutathione depletion, accumulation of Rhodamine-123, decreased expression of P-glycoprotein and cell cycle arrest. mRNA and protein expression of the multi-drug resistance gene (MDR1), multi-drug resistance-associated protein (MRP1), excision repair cross-complementing gene 1 (ERCC1), survivin, and Mad2 was decreased, and phosphorylation of Akt and transcriptional activation of NF-κB were suppressed. PEITC may be useful as the therapeutic strategy for overcoming multi-drug resistance through suppressing the PI3K-Akt pathway in human gastric cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine the therapeutic effect of tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs) on diabetic wound healing and the underlying mechanism. Materials and Methods: The tFNAs were characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential assays. Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) and migration assays were performed to evaluate the effects of tFNAs on cellular proliferation and migration. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q‐PCR) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect the effect of tFNAs on growth factors. The function and role of tFNAs in diabetic wound healing were investigated using diabetic wound models, histological analyses and western blotting. Results: Cellular proliferation and migration were enhanced after treatment with tFNAs in a high‐glucose environment. The expression of growth factors was also facilitated by tFNAs in vitro. During in vivo experiments, tFNAs accelerated the healing process in diabetic wounds and promoted the regeneration of the epidermis, capillaries and collagen. Moreover, tFNAs increased the secretion of growth factors and activated the Wnt pathway in diabetic wounds. Conclusions: This study indicates that tFNAs can accelerate diabetic wound healing and have potential for the treatment of diabetic wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apart from electrode material modification, architecture design and optimization are important approaches for improving lithium–sulfur battery performance. Herein, an integrated structure with tandem connection is constructed by confining nanosulfur (NS) in conductive poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) reaction chambers, forming an interface of discrete independent nanoreactor units bonded onto carbon nanotubes (noted as CNT/NS@PEDOT). The unique spatial confinement and concentration gradients of sulfur@PEDOT nanoreactors (SP‐NRs) can promote reaction kinetics while facilitating rapid polysulfide transformation and minimizing dissolution and diffusion losses. Meanwhile, overall ultrahigh energy input and output are achieved through tandem connection with carbon nanotubes, isolation with PEDOT coating, and synergistic multiplicative effects among SP‐NRs. As a result, it delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 1246 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and 918 mAh g−1 at 1 C, the low capacity decay rate per lap of 0.011 % is achieved at a current density of 1 C after 1000 cycles. This research emphasizes the innovative structural design to provide a fresh trajectory for the further advancement of high‐performance energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose Experimental Approach Key Results Conclusion and Implications Activation of the renin‐angiotensin system, as a hallmark of hypertension and chronic kidney diseases (CKD) is the key pathophysiological factor contributing to the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. LIM and senescent cell antigen‐like domains protein 1 (LIMS1) plays an essential role in controlling of cell behaviour through the formation of complexes with other proteins. Here, the function and regulation of LIMS1 in angiotensin II (Ang II)‐induced hypertension and tubulointerstitial fibrosis was investigated.C57BL/6 mice were treated with Ang II to induce tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) renal tubular‐specific knockout mice or LIMS1 knockdown AAV was used to investigate their effects on Ang II‐induced renal interstitial fibrosis. In vitro, HIF‐1α or LIMS1 was knocked down or overexpressed in HK2 cells after exposure to Ang II.Increased expression of tubular LIMS1 was observed in human kidney with hypertensive nephropathy and in murine kidney from Ang II‐induced hypertension model. Tubular‐specific knockdown of LIMS1 ameliorated Ang II‐induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis in mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that LIMS1 was transcriptionally regulated by HIF‐1α in tubular cells and that tubular HIF‐1α knockout ameliorates LIMS1‐mediated tubulointerstitial fibrosis. In addition, LIMS1 promotes Ang II‐induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis by interacting with vimentin.We conclude that HIF‐1α transcriptionally regulated LIMS1 plays a central role in Ang II‐induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis through interacting with vimentin. Our finding represents a new insight into the mechanism of Ang II‐induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis and provides a novel therapeutic target for progression of CKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strenuous running of rats enhances mechanical stress on the knee, thereby inducing degeneration of articular cartilage. Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) has an inhibitory effect on cartilage degeneration, suggesting its usefulness for human osteoarthritis patients. However, its mode of administration should be investigated. We examined whether weekly knee injections of BMP-7 delayed the progression of cartilage degeneration. Wistar rats were forced to run 30 km in 6 weeks on a rodent treadmill, and BMP-7 was injected weekly into the knee. Macroscopically and histologically, this strenuous running regimen induced cartilage degeneration. Weekly injections of 250 ng BMP-7 delayed the progression of cartilage degeneration. Immunohistochemically, in the control knee, type II collagen expression decreased, while BMP-7 expression in chondrocytes slightly increased. Interestingly, weekly injection of BMP-7 increased BMP-7 expression even 9 days after the final injection. Disulfate disaccharide keratan sulfate in serum transiently increased in the control group, while it remained at a low level in the BMP-7 group. Weekly BMP-7 injection increased BMP-7 expression in chondrocytes and its effect seemed to last more than 7 days. The effect of BMP-7 could be monitored by serum keratan sulfate concentration. Periodical injections of BMP-7 delayed progression of cartilage degeneration induced by excessive running in rats. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 1088-1092, 2009 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asymptotic and numerical methods are used to highlight different types of dynamical behaviors that occur for the motion of a localized spike-type solution to the singularly perturbed Gierer–Meinhardt and Schnakenberg reaction-diffusion models in a one-dimensional spatial domain. Depending on the parameter range in these models, there can either be a slow evolution of a spike toward the midpoint of the domain, a sudden oscillatory instability triggered by a Hopf bifurcation leading to an intricate temporal oscillation in the height of the spike, or a pulse-splitting instability leading to the creation of new spikes in the domain. Criteria for the onset of these oscillatory and pulse-splitting instabilities are obtained through asymptotic and numerical techniques. A moving-mesh numerical method is introduced to compute these different behaviors numerically, and results are compared with corresponding results computed using a method of lines based software package. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT A novel UWB ultrahigh frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) tag antenna designed for metallic objects is proposed, which is fabricated on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrate for low-cost production, whose relative permittivity is 3.8 and dielectric loss tangent is 0.02. The overall size of the proposed tag antenna is 56 × 10 × 0.8 mm3. It consists of two coplanar patches which are electrically connected to the metallic ground through two symmetrical shorting walls placed at both edge sides of the patches. The resonant frequency can be adjusted by changing the shorting wall length. Double-symmetrical branch-line slots are created to improve the antenna bandwidth. The simulated bandwidth is about 223.5 MHz, which covers the global UHF RFID frequency range. The experimental results show that the maximum read range of the proposed antenna is larger than 2.6 m when it is mounted on a test metal plate with a size of 150 × 150 × 8 mm3. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1689-1691, 2014 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fatty acids of intramuscular fat (IMF) in rabbits can influence meat quality, but it is unclear which fatty acids benefit to human health. A rabbit model of weight gain and weight loss was constructed using two rabbit groups and two growth stages. Stage 1 included control group1 fed a commercial diet(CG1) and experimental group1 fed a high fat diet (EG1). Stage 2 include control group2(CG2) and experimental group2 (EG2) both fed a restricted commercial diet. We detected differences in blood biochemical indicators as well as changes in intramuscular adipose cells and intramuscular fatty acid content in control and experiment groups at two stages. High fat induction can make rabbits become obese, have higher concentrations of glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C) and free fatty acid (FFA), and lower concentrations of insulin (INS). In addition, a high‐fat diet promotes hypertrophy of precursor adipocytes in femoral muscles. Conversely, a restricted diet causes weight loss, decreases the concentration of TG, FFA, and INS in CG2 and EG2, and increases the deposition of unsaturated fatty acids in the femoral muscle. The content of monounsaturated trans oleic acid (C18:1n‐9T) in EG2 was significantly higher than in CG2, whereas oleic acid (C18:1n‐9C) was significantly lower in EG2 than in CG2. The polyunsaturated fatty acids Linolenate (C18:3 n‐3) and cis‐5,8,11,14,17‐Eicosapentaenoate (C20:5 n‐3) increased in CG2 and EG2. The content of Linoleate (C18:2 n‐6) and γ‐Linolenic acid (C18:3 n‐6) significantly increased in CG2. The content of cis‐11,14‐Eicosatrienoic acid (C20:2) decreased significantly in CG2, but increased significantly in EG2.Thus, a high‐fat diet can increase the formation of unhealthy fatty acids. Conversely, weight loss due to a restricted diet leads to an increase in unsaturated fatty acids in the femoral muscle, indicating that it reduces obesity symptoms and it may improve meat quality in rabbit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are rich in valuable biomolecule information which are increasingly recognized as potential biomarkers for various diseases. uEV long RNAs are among the critical cargos capable of providing unique transcriptome information of the source cells. However, consensus regarding ideal reference genes for relative long RNAs quantification in uEVs is not available as of date. Here we explored stable reference genes through profiling the long RNA expression by RNA‐seq following unsupervised analysis and validation studies. Candidate reference genes were identified using four algorithms: NormFinder, GeNorm, BestKeeper and the Delta Ct method, followed by validation. RNA profile showed uEVs contained abundant long RNAs information and the core transcriptome was related to cellular structures, especially ribosome which functions mainly as translation, protein and RNA binding molecules. Analysis of RNA‐seq data identified RPL18A, RPL11, RPL27, RACK1, RPSA, RPL41, H1‐2, RPL4, GAPDH, RPS27A as candidate reference genes. RT‐qPCR validation revealed that RPL41, RPSA and RPL18A were reliable reference genes for long RNA quantification in uEVs from patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), diabetic nephropathy (DN), IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and prostate cancer (PCA). Interestingly, RPL41 also outperformed traditional reference genes in renal tissues of DN and IgAN, as well as in plasma EVs of several types of cancers. The stable reference genes identified in this study may facilitate development of uEVs as novel biomarkers and increase the accuracy and comparability of biomarker studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harmful algal blooms (HABs), which are promoted by eutrophication and intensified by global warming, occur worldwide. Allelochemicals, which are natural chemicals derived from plants or microbes, are emerging weapons to eliminate these blooms. However, the cost and technical challenges have limited the discovery of novel antialgal allelochemicals. Herein, the decomposition of agricultural straws is manipulated by white‐rot fungi and achieved elevated antialgal efficiency. The transcriptomic analysis reveals that nutrient limitation activated fungal decomposition. By using a comparative nontarget metabolomics approach, a new type of allelochemical sphingosines (including sphinganine, phytosphingosine, sphingosine, and N‐acetylsphingosine) is identified. These novel natural algaecides exhibit superior antialgal capability, with as high as an order of magnitude lower effective concentration on blooming species than other prevalent allelochemicals. The co‐expression relationship between transcriptomic and metabolomic results indicate that sphinganine is strongly correlated with the differentially expressed lignocellulose degradation unigenes. The algal growth suppression is triggered by the activation of programmed cell death, malfunction of algal photosystem and antioxidant system, the disruption on CO2 assimilation and light absorption. The sphingosines reported here are a new category of allelochemicals in addition to the well‐known antialgal natural chemicals, which are potential species‐specific agents for HABs control identified by multi‐omics methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying seasonal shifts in community assembly for multiple biological groups is important to help enhance our understanding of their ecological dynamics. However, such knowledge on lotic assemblages is still limited. In this study, we used biological traits and functional diversity indices in association with null model analyses to detect seasonal shifts in the community assembly mechanisms of lotic macroinvertebrates and diatoms in an unregulated subtropical river in China. We found that functional composition and functional diversity (FRic, FEve, FDis, MNN, and SDNN) showed seasonal variation for macroinvertebrate and diatom assemblages. Null models suggested that environmental filtering, competitive exclusion, and neutral process were all important community assembly mechanisms for both biological groups. However, environmental filtering had a stronger effect on spring macroinvertebrate assemblages than autumn assemblages, but the effect on diatom assemblages was the same in both seasons. Moreover, macroinvertebrate and diatom assemblages were shaped by different environmental factors. Macroinvertebrates were filtered mainly by substrate types, velocity, and CODMn, while diatoms were mainly shaped by altitude, substrate types, and water quality. Therefore, our study showed (a) that different biological assemblages in a river system presented similarities and differences in community assembly mechanisms, (b) that multiple processes play important roles in maintaining benthic community structure, and (c) that these patterns and underlying mechanisms are seasonally variable. Thus, we highlight the importance of exploring the community assembly mechanisms of multiple biological groups, especially in different seasons, as this is crucial to improve the understanding of river community changes and their responses to environmental degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gene mutations may play an important role in the development, response to treatment and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). This retrospective study aimed to investigate the mutation profiling of Chinese patients with CRC, and its correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis. Methods: This study included 1190 Chinese CRC patients who were diagnosed between May 1998 and December 2018 and received clinical genetic testing. The OncoCarta Panel was used to test a total of 238 possible mutations in 19 common oncogenes. Results: Five hundred and eighty‐two (48.9%) cases were detected with gene mutations. Of the 582 cases, there were 111 cases (19.7%) with two concurrent mutations, and six cases (1.0%) with three concurrent mutations. KRAS was the most common gene mutation that occurred in all cases (429, 36.1%), followed by PIK3CA (121, 10.2%), NRAS (47, 3.9%), BRAF (35, 2.9%), HRAS (11, 0.9%) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (11, 0.9%). AKT1, KIT, FGFR1, FGFR3, FLT3, CDK, ERBB2, ABL1, MET, RET and PDGFRA mutations were also detected in several cases. When it came to prognosis, we found that KRAS/NRAS/PIK3CA/BRAF mutation was not associated with prognosis. But BRAF mutation was associated with poor prognosis in patients who accepted anti‐EGFR therapy. Conclusions: The molecular testing offered the clinical data and mutation profile of Chinese CRC patients. The information of these mutated genes may help to find out the correlation between mutated genes and the development or prognosis of CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C13H10N, contains one half-mol­ecule of 4,4′-bis­[2-(2-pyrid­yl)vin­yl]biphenyl; the other half is generated by inversion symmetry. It displays a trans configuration with respect to the C=C bond. The dihedral angle between the pyridine and benzene rings is 15.1 (3)°. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual coupling (VC) brings unprecedented opportunities for the train operation system by controlling multiple trains as a virtually coupled train set (VCTS) via train automation and communication. To deal with communication delays and small disturbances in a VCTS, this paper developed a tube‐based control approach for the VCTS, focusing on optimizing the control performances and meanwhile guaranteeing the individual and string stability. Specifically, a tube model predictive control (MPC) framework is constructed to handle safety constraints and regulate bounded small disturbances. Then, the individual stability and string stability are ensured by designing the constraint sets for inputs and proper coefficient tuning within the stable region. Finally, simulation‐based experiments verify that the proposed approach shows better robustness and higher efficiency, which can regulate train states within a tube, and the VCTS can be asymptotically stable and string stable facing disturbances and delays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Helium stability and its contribution to H blistering resistance in B2‐FeAl are investigated by a density functional theory (DFT) method, and the results obtained are compared with the H interaction with a Fe vacancy (VFe) in FeAl. He is more energetically favorable to occupy a VFe site, forming a He substituent (HeFe), in comparison with H occupying the first‐nearest‐neighbor (1NN) octahedral interstitial site of VFe in FeAl. At most, six H atoms can be trapped in the vicinity of HeFe one by one, forming HeFe–nH complexes (n is the number of trapped H atoms), similar to the case of VFe in the formation of VFe–nH complexes. HeFe–5H is the main species among the HeFe–nH complexes, whereas VFe–6H is the dominant one in the VFe–nH complexes. No H2 molecule forms inside the cluster unit of the HeFe–5H complex, due to the H–H repulsion caused by He. Strategies for H blistering resistance in iron aluminides are thus proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of triterpene dimers bearing different scaffold were designed and synthesized via CuAAC reaction. Their anti-HCV entry activities were evaluated by HCVpp and VSVpp entry assays. It was found that echinocystic acid (EA) and its dimer were still necessary for maintaining anti-HCV entry activity, and replacement of EA by other triterpenes might significantly decrease its anti-viral activities. Using a linker bearing a piperazine group, compound 14 dramatically increased its potency with IC50 at 2.87 nmol/L. In addition, the undesired hemolytic effect of all these compounds was removed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Significant progress has been made with regard to temporally controlled radical and ring-opening polymerizations, for example, by means of chemical reagents, light, and voltage, whereas quantitative switch coordination polymerization is still challenging. Herein, we report the temporally and stereocontrolled 3,4-polymerization of isoprene through allosterically regulating the active metal center by alternating addition of Lewis basic pyridine to 'poison' the Lewis acidic active metal species through acid-base interactions and Lewis acidic Al iBu3 to release the original active species through pyridine abstraction. This process is quick, quantitative, and can be repeated multiple times while maintaining high 3,4-selectivity. Moreover, this strategy is also effective for the switch copolymerization of isoprene and styrene with dual 3,4- and syndiotactic selectivity. Tuning the switch cycles and intervals enables the isolation of various copolymers with different distributions of 3,4-polyisoprene and syndiotactic polystyrene sequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Significant progress has been made with regard to temporally controlled radical and ring-opening polymerizations, for example, by means of chemical reagents, light, and voltage, whereas quantitative switch coordination polymerization is still challenging. Herein, we report the temporally and stereocontrolled 3,4-polymerization of isoprene through allosterically regulating the active metal center by alternating addition of Lewis basic pyridine to 'poison' the Lewis acidic active metal species through acid-base interactions and Lewis acidic Al iBu3 to release the original active species through pyridine abstraction. This process is quick, quantitative, and can be repeated multiple times while maintaining high 3,4-selectivity. Moreover, this strategy is also effective for the switch copolymerization of isoprene and styrene with dual 3,4- and syndiotactic selectivity. Tuning the switch cycles and intervals enables the isolation of various copolymers with different distributions of 3,4-polyisoprene and syndiotactic polystyrene sequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GLO:ET9/01nov22:cpr13357-toc-0001.jpg PHOTO (COLOR): . gl The cover image is based on the Original Article I Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids promote diabetic wound healing via the Wnt signalling pathway i by Zejing Wang et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/cpr.13316. [Extracted from the article]

Ultrathin semiconducting van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures based on transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) play a critical role in developing next‐generation electronic and optoelectronic devices. The replacement of one component of the heterostructure by transition metal oxides (TMOs) certainly brings in numerous benefits including long‐term stability and novel functionalities. However, the single‐step chemical‐vapor deposition growth of TMOs/TMDs vdW heterostructures, as a highly desired approach for large‐scale fabrication and practical implementation, is challenging due to contradictory growth atmospheres of TMOs and TMDs. Here, the single‐step growth of an ultrathin WO3–x/WS2 vdW heterostructure based on the quantity‐driven discrepant interaction between S and the precursor, in which S induces sulfidation to produce WS2 in the S‐rich phase and is changed to the reduction role to obtain sub‐stoichiometric WO3–x in the S‐deficient phase is realized. Both WO3–x and WS2 exhibit semiconducting properties with a favorable type‐II band alignment. A wide response across the entire visible spectrum with a large photo‐responsivity of 4375 A W−1, a detectivity of 5.47 × 1011 Jones, and sub‐ms switching kinetics at 405 nm is achieved without gating bias, which is significantly improved over other reported ultrathin vdW heterostructures. This study demonstrates the possibility of single‐step‐growing TMOs/TMDs vdW heterostructures and their strong potential in high‐performance optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Upcycling waste plastics (e.g., polyethylene (PE)) into value‐added carbon products is regarded as a promising approach to address the increasingly serious waste plastic pollution and simultaneously achieve carbon neutrality. However, developing new carbonization technology routes to promote the oxidation of PE at low temperature and construct the stable cross‐linking network remains challenging. Here, a facile carbon‐grown‐on‐carbon strategy is proposed using carbon black (CB) to convert waste PE into core/shell carbon nanoparticles (CN) in high yields at low temperature. The yield of CN remarkably increases when the heating temperature decreases or the dosage of CB increases. The obtained CN displays turbostratic structure and closely aggregated granular morphology with a size of ≈80 nm. It is found that, prior to the oxidation and carbonization of PE, CB forms a 3D network architecture in the PE matrix. More importantly, CB not only catalyzes the partial oxidation of PE to form PE macromolecular radicals and introduce oxygen‐containing groups at low temperature in the early stage, but also favors for the construction of a stable cross‐linking network in the latter stage. This work offers a facile sustainable strategy for chemical upcycling of PE into value‐added carbon products without post‐treatments or usage of metallic catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Colorectal cancer, as a common malignant carcinoma in the gastrointestinal tract, has a high mortality globally. However, the specific molecular mechanisms of long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) thymopoietin antisense transcript 1 (TMPO‐AS1) in colorectal cancer were unclear. Methods: We tested the expression level of TMPO‐AS1 via qRT‐PCR in colorectal cancer cells, while the protein levels of branched chain amino acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1) and the stemness‐related proteins were evaluated by western blot analysis. Colony formation, EdU staining, TUNEL, flow cytometry, and sphere formation assays were to assess the biological behaviors of colorectal cancer cells. Then, luciferase reporter, RIP, and RNA pull down assay were applied for confirming the combination between microRNA‐98‐5p (miR‐98‐5p) and TMPO‐AS1/BCAT1. Results: TMPO‐AS1 was aberrantly expressed at high levels in colorectal cancer cells. Silenced TMPO‐AS1 restrained cell proliferation and stemness and promoted apoptosis oppositely, while overexpressing TMPO‐AS1 exerted the adverse effects. Furthermore, miR‐98‐5p was proven to a target of TMPO‐AS1 inhibit cell progression in colorectal cancer. Additionally, BCAT1 was proved to enhance cell progression as the target of miR‐98‐5p, and it offset the effect of silenced TMPO‐AS1 on colorectal cancer cells. Conclusion: TMPO‐AS1 promotes the progression of colorectal cancer cells via sponging miR‐98‐5p to upregulate BCAT1 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of novel 2,6‐functionalized azulene molecules Azu1‐3 with varied fluorene substituents at the 1‐ and 3‐positions of azulene as well as at the 5'‐position of 2‐thiophene group were synthesized. Their electronic absorption and emission spectra at neutral and protonated states were examined. It was found that after functionalization with fluorenyl groups, Azu1‐3 exhibited absorption maxima at 445, 451 to 468 nm, respectively. In contrast, their corresponding protonated species showed much redshifted absorption maxima at 560, 582 to 643 nm, respectively, mainly due to the extension of conjugation length and the large dipole moment along the C2v axis of 2,6‐substituted azulene molecules. Azu1‐3 are non‐fluorescent in their neutral forms, but became emissive in their protonated states. Analysis of absorption and emission spectra shows that substitution of the 1‐ or 3‐position of azulene led to decrease in response to trifluoroacetic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to investigate the burden of family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia, and its influencing factors Methods: A total of 105 patients with schizophrenia and their caregivers were investigated using the positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS) and family burden scale of disease (FBS) Results: There was a strong correlation between the patient's recovery and family burden, especially between positive and negative symptoms and family financial burden, family daily activities, family recreational activities, and family relationship Conclusion: There is a strong correlation between the patient's recovery and family burden, and this is especially correlated to family economic burden, family daily activities, family recreational activities, and family relationship. Medical staff should pay attention to the psychological characteristics of patients and fully understand and avoid the adverse effects of family burden on the rehabilitation of patients. There is a strong correlation between the patient's recovery and family burden, and this is especially correlated to family economic burden, family daily activities, family recreational activities and family relationship. Medical staff should pay attention to the psychological characteristics of patients, and fully understand and avoid the adverse effects of family burden on the rehabilitation of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium is a therapeutic agent commonly used to treat bipolar disorder and its beneficial effects are thought to be due to a combination of activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway via inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β and depletion of the inositol pool via inhibition of the inositol monophosphatase-1. We demonstrated that lithium in primary endothelial cells induced an increase in mitochondrial mass leading to an increase in ATP production without any significant change in mitochondrial efficiency. This increase in mitochondrial mass was associated with an increase in the mRNA levels of mitochondrial biogenesis transcription factors: nuclear respiratory factor-1 and -2β, as well as mitochondrial transcription factors A and B2, which lead to the coordinated upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation components encoded by either the nuclear or mitochondrial genome. These effects of lithium on mitochondrial biogenesis were independent of the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β and independent of inositol depletion. Also, expression of the coactivator PGC-1α was increased, whereas expression of the coactivator PRC was not affected. Lithium treatment rapidly induced a decrease in activating Akt-Ser473 phosphorylation and inhibitory Forkhead box class O (FOXO1)-Thr24 phosphorylation, as well as an increase in activating c-AMP responsive element binding (CREB)-Ser133 phosphorylation, two mechanisms known to control PGC-1α expression. Together, our results show that lithium induces mitochondrial biogenesis via CREB/PGC-1α and FOXO1/PGC-1α cascades, which highlight the pleiotropic effects of lithium and reveal also novel beneficial effects via preservation of mitochondrial functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine whether high‐fat diet (HFD) could cause growth, behavioural, biochemical and morphological changes in young female rabbits. Thirty‐six female rabbits were randomly divided into two groups fed with either a high‐fat diet (HFD) or a standard normal diet (SND) for 5 weeks. Growth and behavioural changes were recorded during the 5‐week feeding period. Tissue samples, including blood and adipose tissue, were obtained after slaughter. HFD rabbits weighed more by the end of the feeding period, had a higher percent body weight and adipose tissue weight change and had longer body and bust lengths than SND rabbits. HFD rabbits significantly reduced their feed intake and feeding frequency during the fourth and fifth weeks. HFD rabbits also showed lower frequency of drinking and resting and increased stereotypical behaviour. Besides, HFD rabbits showed significant physiological abnormalities. HFD rabbits had higher serum cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) levels than SND rabbits at the end of the feeding period, and higher free fatty acid (FFA) levels than rabbits in the SND group after the third week of feeding. Serum thyroxine (T4) increased significantly in week 2 and week 5 and triiodothyronine (T3) increased significantly in week four. However, there was no significant change in serum glucose (GLU) and insulin (INS) levels. Additionally, HFD reduced the area and diameter of perirenal and subcutaneous fat cells and increased their density. Our findings suggest that HFD rabbits had higher weight gains, accumulation of fat, and more behavioural changes than SND rabbits. Although high levels of fat in the diet had a low impact on hyperglycaemia, it could lead to hyperlipidemia and hyperthyroidism. Our results also suggest that sustained HFD may cause the proliferation of adipocytes in young female rabbits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are potential biomarkers for cancer risk, but their association with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. We examined the association of lncRNA‐related SNPs with HCC susceptibility and explored the optimal genetic models for SNPs. Methods: Five candidate SNPs linked with digestive tumors were first genotyped in a screening population of 700 HCC and 2800 control cases. The association between each SNP and HCC risk was estimated by multivariate logistic regression adjusted by sex and age and recorded as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval. Significant associations were further tested in a validation population with 1140 HCC and 5115 control cases. Finally, the most appropriate genetic models for HCC‐associated SNPs were identified using pairwise allele differences; the overall gene effects of each SNP were further evaluated based on optimal genetic models. Results: Three candidate SNPs, rs7315438, rs6983267, and rs10795668, showed statistical connections with HCC risk in the discovery stage. Among these, rs7315438 remained steadily significant in the validation stage; rs7315438 and rs10795668 both reached statistical threshold in the combined analysis of both stages. SNP rs7315438 (TC vs TT/CC, OR = 1.410, P < 0.001) was associated with increased risk of HCC in a complete overdominant model, whereas rs10795668 (AG vs AA/GG, OR = 0.892, P = 0.035) exerted a protective effect on HCC risk in a complete overdominant model. Conclusions: Long non‐coding RNA‐related SNPs rs7315438 and rs10795668 are potential biomarkers for HCC susceptibility, especially when evaluated based on their optimal genetic models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current wound scaffold dressing constructs can facilitate wound healing but do not exhibit antibacterial activity, resulting in high infection rates. We aimed to endow wound scaffold dressing with anti‐infective ability by polyhexamethylenebiguanide (PHMB). We prepared PHMB hydrogel at varying concentrations (0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%) and assessed release and cytotoxicity. PHMB hydrogel was added to the wound scaffold dressing to generate a PHMB hydrogel‐modified wound scaffold dressing. Wound healing and infection prevention were evaluated using a full‐thickness skin defect model in rats. In vitro, the hydrogel PHMB release time positively correlated with PHMB concentration, with 1% allowing sufficiently long release time to encompass the high‐incidence period (3‐5 days) of infection following wound scaffold dressing implantation. Implantation of 1% PHMB hydrogel into the skin did not cause adverse responses. in vitro cytotoxicity assays showed the PHMB hydrogel‐modified wound scaffold dressing did not significantly affect proliferation of fibroblasts or vascular endothelial cells, 99.90% vs 99.84% for fibroblasts and 100.21% vs 99.28% for vascular endothelial cells at 21 days. Transplantation of PHMB hydrogel‐modified wound scaffold dressing/unmodified wound scaffold dressing on the non‐infected wounds of rats yielded no significant difference in relative vascularization rate, 47.40 vs 50.87 per view at 21 days, whereas bacterial content of the wound tissue in the PHMB hydrogel‐modified wound scaffold dressing group was significantly lower than the unmodified wound scaffold dressing group, (1.80 ± 0.35) × 103 vs (9.34 ± 0.45) × 103 at 14 days. Prevalence of persistent wound infection in the rats receiving PHMB hydrogel‐modified wound scaffold dressing transplantation onto infected wounds was significantly lower than the unmodified wound scaffold dressing group, 30% vs 100%. PHMB hydrogel‐modified wound scaffold dressing exhibited suitable antibacterial ability, and its biological activity did not significantly differ from that of the unmodified wound scaffold dressing, thereby allowing it to effectively prevent infection following wound scaffold dressing implantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing cost‐effective and highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts is vital for the production of clean hydrogen by electrocatalytic water splitting. Here, three dimensional nickel‐iron layered double hydroxide (NiFe LDH) nanosheet arrays are in‐situ fabricated on self‐supporting nitrogen doped graphited foam (NGF) via a one‐step hydrothermal process under an optimized amount of urea. The as prepared NiFe LDH/NGF electrode exhibits a remarkable activity toward OER with a low onset overpotential of 233 mV and a Tafel slope of 59.4 mV dec−1 as well as a long‐term durability. Such good performance is attributed to the synergy among the doping effect, the binder‐free characteristic, and the architecture of the nanosheet array. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The c‐Jun N‐terminal kinases (JNKs) are located downstream of Ras‐mitogen activated protein kinase signaling cascades. More than 20 years of study has shown that JNKs control cell fate and many cellular functions. JNKs and their interacting proteins form a complicated network with diverse biological functions and physiological effects. Members of the JNK interactome include Jun, amyloid precursor protein, and insulin receptor substrate. Recent studies have shown that the JNK interactome is involved in tumorigenesis, neuron development, and insulin resistance. In this review, we summarize the features of the JNK interactome and classify its members into three groups: upstream regulators, downstream effectors, and scaffold partners. We also highlight the unique cellular signaling mechanisms of JNKs and provide more insights into the roles of the JNK interactome in human diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a novel non‐linear mapping‐based feedback technique for controlling chaotic permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) using dynamic surface control (DSC), neural approximation and parameter identification. Neural networks are utilised to online approximating the unknown system dynamics, adaptive parameter identification is designed to estimate the unknown parameter, and DSC technique circumvents the problem of 'explosion of complexity' in the traditional backstepping methodology. The major feature of the non‐linear mapping‐based feedback technique lies in that the merits of high‐gain and low‐gain control are synthesised by virtue of a novel non‐linear continuous differentiable mapping feedback function, and a novel non‐quadratic Lyapunov function is used to analyse the closed‐loop system stability caused by the compound function of non‐linear feedback. Finally, unprejudiced comparative results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed control scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, two current inner products have been defined to implement adaptive single‐phase autoreclose for high‐voltage transmission lines with shunt reactors. The inner product of fault phase current in shunt reactor and the current in the neutral point reactor is defined as initialisation inner product, and the inner product of the derivative of fault phase current in shunt reactor and the current in the neutral point reactor is defined as compensation inner product. In case of permanent faults and transient faults in the second arc stage, the initialisation inner product will keep bigger than compensation inner product. As for transient faults after arc extinction, low‐frequency oscillation is observed in both curves of current inner products which have 90° phase differences; and two curves will have points of intersection. According to this phenomenon, the intersection of two current inner product curves is used to identify fault nature and detect the arc extinction. The proposed algorithm needs no threshold and no calculation in frequency domain. The electromagnetic transients program simulations have verified its correctness and effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-level incorporation of Ag in Au nanoclusters (NCs) is conveniently achieved by controlling the concentration of Ag+ in the synthesis of bovine serum albumin (BSA)-protected Au NCs, and the resulting structure is determined to be bimetallic Ag28Au10-BSA NCs through a series of characterizations including energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, together with density functional theory simulations. Interestingly, the Ag28Au10 NCs exhibit a significant fluorescence redshift rather than quenching upon interaction with hydrogen peroxide, providing a new approach to the detection of hydrogen peroxide through direct comparison of their fluorescence peaks. Furthermore, the Ag28Au10 NCs are also used for the sensitive and selective detection of herbicide through fluorescence enhancement. The detection limit for herbicide (0.1 n m) is far below the health value established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; such sensitive detection was not achieved by using AuAg NCs with low-level incorporation of Ag or by using the individual metal NCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]