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The growing preference for natural remedies has resulted in increased use of medicinal plants. One of the most significant and varied plants is garden cress (Lepidium sativum), which has large concentrations of proteins, fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins. It also contains a wide range of bioactive components, including kaempferol glucuronide, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, coumaric acid, caffeic acid, terpenes, glucosinolates, and many more. These substances, which include antioxidant, thermogenic, depurative, ophthalmic, antiscorbutic, antianemic, diuretic, tonic, laxative, galactogogue, aphrodisiac, rubefacient, and emmengogue qualities, add to the medicinal and functional potential of garden cress. An extensive summary of the phytochemical profile and biological activity of garden cress seeds is the main goal of this review. Research showed that garden cress is one of the world's most underutilized crops, even with its nutritional and functional profile. Consequently, the goal of this review is to highlight the chemical and nutritional makeup of Lepidium sativum while paying particular attention to its bioactive profile, various health claims, therapeutic benefits, and industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: The advent of 3D printing has revolutionized plastic surgery and prosthetic devices, providing personalized solutions for patients with traumatic injuries, deformities, and appearance‐related conditions. This review offers a comprehensive overview of 3D printing's applications, advantages, limitations, and future prospects in these fields. Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus for studies on 3D printing in plastic surgery. Results: 3D printing has significantly contributed to personalized medical interventions, with benefits like enhanced design flexibility, reduced production time, and improved patient outcomes. Using computer‐aided design (CAD) software, precise models tailored to a patient's anatomy can be created, ensuring better fit, functionality, and comfort. 3D printing allows for intricate geometries, leading to improved aesthetic outcomes and patient‐specific prosthetic limbs and orthoses. The historical development of 3D printing, key milestones, and breakthroughs are highlighted. Recent progress in bioprinting and tissue engineering shows promising applications in regenerative medicine and transplantation. The integration of AI and automation with 3D printing enhances surgical planning and outcomes. Emerging trends in patient‐specific treatment planning and precision medicine are potential game‐changers. However, challenges like technical considerations, economic implications, and ethical issues exist. Addressing these challenges and advancing research in materials, design processes, and long‐term outcomes are crucial for widespread adoption. Conclusion: The review underscores the increasing adoption of 3D printing in healthcare and its impact on plastic surgery and prosthetic devices. It emphasizes the importance of evaluating the current state and addressing knowledge gaps through future research to foster further advancements [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The potential of learning analytics dashboards in virtual reality simulation‐based training environments to influence occupational self‐efficacy via self‐reflection phase processes in the Chemical industry is still not fully understood. Learning analytics dashboards provide feedback on learner performance and offer points of comparison (i.e., comparison with one's own past performance or comparison with peer performance) to help learners make sense of their feedback. Objectives: We present a theoretical framework for describing learning analytics reference frames and investigate the impact of feedback delivered through dashboards with different reference frames on occupational self‐efficacy, while controlling for workplace self‐reflection. Methods: This experimental study engaged 42 chemical operator employees, aged between 18 and 55 years, each with at least one year of experience. We utilised a two‐group design to ask two research question each with three competing hypotheses related to changes in occupational self‐efficacy, employing Bayesian informative hypothesis evaluation. Results and Conclusions: Results for the primary research question suggest that dashboards with progress reference frames do not elicit greater change to self‐efficacy than those with social reference frames, however, they may elicit equal change. Furthermore, dashboards with social reference frames may elicit greater change to self‐efficacy than those with progress reference frames. Exploratory results found that dashboards with progress reference frames may elicit greater positive directional change than those with social reference frames and that they may elicit equal directional change. These findings contribute to the understanding of self‐efficacy beliefs within the Chemical industry, with potential impacts on skill development. The research may inform the design of targeted interventions and training programs to influence self‐efficacy. From a practical perspective, this research suggests that careful consideration is needed when choosing reference frames in learning analytics dashboards due to their potential consequences on the formation of learner self‐efficacy. Lay Description: What is already known about this topic?: Learning analytics dashboards often aim to stimulate self‐regulated learning by providing feedback.Feedback plays a crucial role in simulation‐based learning and learning analytics dashboards can be a valuable tool to deliver feedback and facilitate the learning process by providing learners with insights into their performance and progress.Previous research has highlighted the importance of reference frames as critical design features of learning analytics dashboards, as they assist learners in making sense of learning analytics feedback.Self‐efficacy is a powerful determine factor of workplace performance and is influenced by mastery experiences and social modelling information. What the paper adds?: A theoretical framework describes the mediating role self‐reflection phase processes of the self‐regulated learning cycle plays in the formation of occupational self‐efficacy.This paper introduces the concept of three learning analytics reference frame components which include the performance outcome component, point of comparison component and score delta component.The paper indicates that learning analytics dashboards designed with a progress reference frame does not elicit greater change to occupational self‐efficacy than the social reference frame.Exploratory results suggest dashboards with progress reference frames might produce greater positive directional change compared to social reference frames or elicit equal change. Implications for practice?: Learning analytics system designers who use reference frames to help learners make sense of their feedback should carefully consider which reference frames they use as these decisions likely have consequences on the formation of learner self‐efficacy beliefs.For LAD designers and stakeholders, recognising the absolute change and directional shift in self‐efficacy is crucial, as LAD designs significantly influence these dynamics and guide the tailoring of effective tools.In industries like the chemical sector, where overconfidence can result in severe consequences, understanding the nuance of self‐efficacy changes is especially pertinent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Rho guanosine triphosphatase hydrolase enzyme (GTPase) is required for the control of the actin cytoskeleton, but its activation in vivo condition is unknown. The study's goal was to find a new synthetic nanobody VHH (P‐36 tagged with mNeonGreen) that interacts strongly with the Rho GTPase. We present the first novel synthetic nanobody, VHH (P‐36 tagged with mNeonGreen), tested in fission yeast cells and found to have a particular interaction with Rho1GTPase. Plasmids were constructed by using of certain enzymes to digest the pDUAL‐pef1a vector plasmid to produce a protein that was encoded by cloned genes. A varied VHH library was created synthetically, then transformed into yeast cells, and positive clones were chosen using chemical agents. To investigate protein interactions and cellular reactions, several studies were carried out, such as live cell imaging, growth curve analysis, coimmunoprecipitation, structural analysis, and cell therapies. Prism and RStudio were used for the statistical analysis. The presence of VHH (P‐36) has no effect on the growth pattern making it an appropriate model for studying cytokinesis in vivo. According to a computational biological study, its affinity to interact with Rho1GTPase with all the complementarity‐determining region (CDR) regions found on VHH (P‐36) is extremely strong. We were able to track its subcellular target by localization using a fluorescent confocal microscope, ensuring the maintenance of cell polarity and morphology. Spheroplast analysis revealed a circular‐shaped cell with an even distribution of Rho1 tagged VHH (P‐36), indicating that the interaction occurs near the plasma membrane. The introduction of latrunculin‐A (Lat‐A) disrupted Rho GTPase localization, demonstrating the control over actin production, and the cell did not show evidence of mitotic phase commencement while Lat‐A was present. Finally, this important biological tool can aid in our understanding of the mechanics and dynamics of cytokinesis in relation to Rho1GTPase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep learning models, such as convolutional neural network (CNN), are popular now a day to solve various complex problems in medical and other fields, such as image classification, object detection, recommendation of images, processing of natural languages and video and image analysis. So, the idea of studying the architecture of CNNs has gotten a lot of attention and become popular. This study analysed and contrasted the performance of many different CNN models trained on the publicly accessible Br35h dataset for the detection of brain tumours. These models included the LeNet, AlexNet, VGG16, VGG19 and ResNet50. Several optimisers were used in this research to fine‐tune the performance of the CNN model. These included Adam (adaptive moment estimation), SGD (stochastic gradient descent) and RMSprop (root‐mean‐square propagation). Accuracy, miss‐classification rate, sensitivity, specificity, NPV (negative predictive value), PPV (positive predictive value), F1‐score and false omission rate (FOR) were used to assess the efficacy of five different CNN architectures trained using three different optimisers. The experimental results showed that AlexNet architecture with SGD optimiser performed better than other CNN architecture with different optimisers and achieved the highest accuracy of 98.79% with a miss classification rate of 1.20%. It also achieved 98.98% sensitivity, 98.58% specificity, 98.93% NPV, 98.65% PPV, 98.82% F1‐score and 1.06% FOR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carrying out the dual objectives of computing the optimized tilt angles for multiple locations in Pakistan along with recommending a generalized approach for the estimation of optimum tilt angle for any location in country, this study was conducted. Python code was developed for the optimization purpose of daily, monthly, seasonally, biannually and annual solar tilt angle. Detailed analysis was presented for one location (Karachi) and a comparative analysis of optimum tilt angle conditions has been conducted for all investigated sites. Daily optimum tilt angles were found to vary from −12.0° to 55.5°. Similarly, monthly optimized tilt angles were found to vary from −11.5° (in June) to 55.0° (in December). Furthermore, seasonal tilt angles were found as 46.0 °, 2.0 °, 0.5 ° and 45.0 ° in winter, spring, summer and autumn respectively. Finally, annual optimum tilt angle (fixed throughout the year) was found as 25.5° (closer to the latitude value of Karachi). It has been found that daily adjustment of tilt angle causes a gain of 6.85% in annual energy yields when compared with fixed angle throughout the year. Similarly, energy gains were found as 0.15%, 1.24% and 6.83%, when tilt angle was adjusted daily as compared to monthly, seasonal and biannual adjustment cases respectively. The optimum tilt angle for three pairs of locations having comparable latitudes were compared and it was found that the sites having comparable latitudes do not have any marked difference in their optimum tilt angle values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Alexithymia is the inability of an individual to adequately recognise and describe their emotions, which directly affects mental health by precipitating psychological disorders or by causing a disturbance to interpersonal functioning, coping responses, and quality of life. The purpose of this research was to test the efficacy of alexithymia reduction treatment (ART), a pilot online group intervention specifically designed to ameliorate alexithymia in men. Methods: As this was a pilot study, a small sample consisting entirely of male university students (n = 20) was selected. The participants were screened on the standardised measures at pre‐treatment and post‐treatment and were assigned to a treatment group (n = 10) or wait‐list control group (n = 10). The study utilised a quasi‐experimental design as the participants were assigned to the treatment and wait‐list control group based on their availability to attend the therapeutic sessions. The treatment group then received ART while the wait‐list control received no treatment at that time. Results: The statistical analysis showed a significant reduction in the participants' alexithymia, as well as depression and anxiety, in the treatment group but not in the wait‐list control group. Conclusion: ART proves to be efficacious in reducing alexithymia. In addition, the treatment modality proved to be useful in improving the participants' general psychological distress (anxiety, depressive symptoms). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Applying sunscreen on human skin provides photoprotection against the harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation of the sun. Sunscreen absorbs UV radiations and dissipates the absorbed energy through various radiative and nonradiative pathways. The attachment of functionalized quantum dots (QDs) to the sunscreen component is a novel idea to enhance the absorption cross‐section of UV radiations. Therefore, the attachment of the sunscreen component to the ligand functionalized biocompatible QDs and the absorbed energy transfer from sunscreen to the QDs could work as a model system to overall improve the efficiency of the sunscreen. This study elucidates the mechanism of size‐dependent Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiency and its rate between 2‐phenylbenzimidazole‐5‐sulfonic acid (PBSA) and mercaptoacetic acid (MAA) functionalized CdS QDs. In the PBSA‐QDs dyad, the PBSA (donor) dissipates UV‐absorbed energy to the CdS QDs (acceptor). Following excitation at 306 nm, the steady‐state photoluminescence (SSPL) and time‐resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) techniques measurements demonstrate that both the nonradiative energy transfer efficiency and rate are QDs size‐dependent in addition to donor‐acceptor distance, and suggest that bigger sized‐QDs result in an increase of the FRET efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fossil‐bearing locality near Padhri village, Dhok Pathan, 55 km away from the tehsil Dina, Jhelum District, in the Potwar Plateau, Middle Siwaliks, Punjab, northern Pakistan, is significantly rich in mammalian fossils. This site has provided an abundant mammalian fossil fauna of Late Miocene age from the Dhok Pathan Formation (Fm.). The recovered material belongs to four families: Equidae (horses), Rhinocerotidae (rhinos), Bovidae (cows), and Suidae (pigs). We discovered a new skull of hipparionine Hipparion theobaldi from this locality along with 22 specimens from the associated assemblage of fossil mammals. The recovered material includes seven other species: the aceratheriine Chilotherium intermedium, boselaphines Tragoportax punjabicus, Selenoportax vexillarius, Pachyportax latidens, the antelope Gazella lydekkeri and suinine Propotamochoerus hysudricus. The specimens are isolated teeth, fragments of maxilla, mandibles and horn cores. The Dhok Pathan Fm. is generally composed of claystone, siltstone and sandstone beds and, based on the mammalian fauna, the Padhri fossil locality is dated as Late Miocene. Thi99s formation was deposited in a subtropical paleoenvironment and the predominance of fossil bovids indicates extremely moist conditions with small but frequent standing water bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTNs) have long been treated with either surgery or radioactive iodine (RAI). Being an invasive procedure, even thyroid lobectomy for this condition is associated with complications such as anesthesia side effects, scarring, iatrogenic hypothyroidism, and injury to other structures. Similarly, RAI is associated with hypothyroidism and may require multiple courses. Therefore, minimally invasive techniques such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) are being advocated as an alternative treatment for AFTNs. To date, only few studies have been published on this topic and are largely on European and Asian populations. The aim of this review is to assess the efficacy and safety of RFA as a potential alternative for treatment of AFTNs compared to conventional surgery and radioiodine. Methods/Study design: Comprehensive PubMed and Embase searches were performed using the following terms such as (autonomously functioning thyroid nodules and radiofrequency ablation), (radiofrequency ablation and hyperthyroidism), and (radiofrequency ablation and toxic thyroid nodule). Both prospective and retrospective studies were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria specified in the text. Results: Initially, 57 studies were identified and after excluding 47 studies, finally 10 studies were included in the review. Conclusion: Although surgery remains the first line treatment for AFTN. However, RFA is a safe option compared to RAI or surgery, especially in patients who are high‐risk surgical candidates or have absolute contraindications to RAI. Currently, trials with follow‐up greater than or equal to 5 years are warranted. It will aid in formulating a standardized surveillance protocol and also generalize RFA's use for AFTN. Laryngoscope, 132:906–914, 2022 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Diabetic population have a twofold to threefold increased risk of developing liver cancer, and hyperglycaemia is a prime causative factor that propends the tumour cells to undergo aggressive metabolic growth. In this study, we aimed to examine the molecular mechanism by which lutein inhibits hyperglycaemia‐induced human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cell proliferation. Methods: The effect of lutein on high glucose‐induced proliferation was measured using the WST‐1 reagent. Its effect on intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels was measured by DCF assay. The effect on the expression of antioxidant enzymes, cell cycle regulatory proteins and intracellular protein kinases was analysed by western blotting. The modulatory effect of lutein on different phases of the cell cycle was analysed by flow cytometry. Results: The data showed that lutein at 5 µM concentration significantly blocked glucose‐promoted HepG2 cell proliferation. Suppression of high glucose‐induced cell proliferation by lutein was not associated with apoptosis induction, but it was linked with inhibition of hyperglycaemia‐mediated elevated ROS and upregulated expression of high glucose‐mediated repressed heme oxygenase 1 (HO1). Furthermore, G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and associated phosphorylation of Cdk1 and P53 were found to be linked with suppressed hyperglycaemia‐mediated cell proliferation by lutein. In addition, lutein inhibited hyperglycaemia‐induced activation of P38 which relates to high glucose‐induced ROS‐mediated growth suppression and modulated the phosphorylation of Erk, JNK and Akt in hyperglycaemic HepG2 cells. Conclusion: Our findings portray that sufficient intake of lutein may offer a negative impact on diabetes‐associated tumour growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to find out the association between basic psychological needs, fear of missing out (FOMO) and phubbing in university students with problematic smartphone use. Through the purposive sampling technique, a sample of 240 participants (men, Mage = 20.93 years, SD = 1.07 years; women, Mage = 20.76 years, SD = 0.89 years) was recruited from two private and two government university sectors of Lahore, Pakistan. Results were generated by using Multiple Hierarchical Regression, and Amos Path Analysis. The study depicted that psychological needs and FOMO emerged as predictors of phubbing. Furthermore, it was supported that fear of missing out acted as a mediator between psychological needs and phubbing. The findings of the study have yielded vital implications as a thorough understanding of problematic smartphone use will help raise awareness and educate the youth about its detrimental effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Desmoplastic fibromas exceedingly rarely present in the retro/parapharyngeal space but should be considered in differential diagnosis for benign lumps in these anatomical regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fossil site Dhok Bun Ameer Khatoon (DBAK) is located 35 km southeast from Chakwal district, Punjab, Pakistan. It has yielded a significant amount of fossil artiodactyls including five families: Bovidae, Tragulidae, Suidae, Giraffidae, and Anthracotheriidae. This site principally exposes Middle Miocene strata that have been dated approximately as 14.2–11.63 Mya. A detailed study was carried out on the fossils found at DBAK and 29 specimens have been described herein. The collection comprises isolated upper and lower teeth and fragments of mandibular ramii. Gazella lydekkeri, Elachistoceras khauristanensis, Dorcatherium majus, Listriodon pentapotamiae, Giraffokeryx punjabiensis, Giraffa priscilla, and Merycopotamus nanus have been described in this article. The newly discovered material is productive to understand the fauna of this Middle Miocene locality and it enhances our knowledge about the described species. Merycopotamus nanus have been reported for the first time from this locality. Palaeoenvironmental data indicates that the Miocene climate of Pakistan was most likely to be monsoonal. All the feeding habits and distribution of those animals suggested the presence of abundant forests, herbaceous, grassy, and bushy vegetation in the DBAK and its surroundings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biased evaluation fears and paranoid thoughts lead to various safety behaviors that are the cardinal features and perpetuating factors of social anxiety. The present study aimed to emphasize evaluative and paranoid thoughts that predispose and maintain this growing psychological condition. A cross‐sectional research design was employed to explore the relationship between social comparison, paranoid social cognitions, and submissive behaviors in patients with social anxiety. Furthermore, predictive effects of social comparison and paranoid ideation on submissiveness, along with mediating factors, were assessed in a clinical sample. The study sample consisted of 100 treatment‐seeking female patients of social anxiety (M = 25.21 years), recruited through purposive sampling. The findings revealed significant correlations between social comparison, paranoid social cognitions, and submissive behaviors. Rank, a subscale of social comparison, and paranoid social cognitions turned out as predictive factors of submissive behaviors. A novel finding is that paranoid social cognitions mediate the relationship between social comparison and submissive behaviors in socially anxious individuals. Study results will assist clinicians to devise effective management plans for patients by comprehending possible causes of submissiveness and considering paranoid ideation as a manifestation of social anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lastly, chapter eight concludes the book, predicting new technologies and deliberating on some of the structural shifts that the pandemic will bring to the practice of history. The COVID-19 pandemic has arguably brought a structural shift in the adoption of digital technologies for historical analysis, presentation and research. Using the I Post Office i data, the chapter illustrates data visualisation in the form of charts and maps. [Extracted from the article]

Serum anti-PSMA7 antibody might be a disease-promoting factor in early stage ALS and might be a biomarker of ALS. It highlights that the neurofilament light chain within serum is an efficient biomarker for the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) as well as the strongest predictor of mortality. [Extracted from the article]

Previous studies using MCP-induced protein 1 (MCPIP1)/Zc3h12a-deficient mice suggest that MCPIP1 is an important regulator of inflammation and immune homeostasis. However, the characterization of the immunological phenotype of MCPIP1-deficient mice has not been detailed. In this study, we performed evaluation through histological, flow cytometric, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time PCR analysis and found that targeted disruption of MCPIP1 gene leads to fatal, highly aggressive and widespread immune-related lesions. In addition to previously observed growth retardation, splenomegaly, lymphoadenopathy, severe anemia and premature death, MCPIP1-deficient mice showed disorganization of lymphoid organs, including spleen, lymph nodes and thymus, and massive infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils into many other non-lymphoid organs, primarily in lungs and liver. Flow cytometric analysis found significant increase in activated and differentiated T cells in peripheral blood and spleen of MCPIP1-deficient mice. Moreover, heightened production of inflammatory cytokines from activated macrophages and T cells were observed in MCPIP1-deficient mice. Interestingly, treatment of MCPIP1-deficient mice with antibiotics resulted in significant improvement of life span and a decrease in inflammatory syndrome. Taken together, these results suggest a prominent role for MCPIP1 in the control of inflammation and immune homeostasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]