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Comprehensive Summary: Development of heterogeneous molecular photocatalysts for promising light‐driven hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is highly demanding but still challenging. Here, we report the blue‐greenish emitting dinuclear metal–organic halides as photocatalyst by incorporating site‐specific single copper(I) atoms that exhibit an efficient carbon‐negative H2 production. Interestingly, the electronic properties, including the spin and charge density of central Cu(I) active site, can be triggered by substituent modulation in metal–organic halides, which greatly affect the exciton dissociation kinetics and thus the HER reactivity. The optimized spin density in these heterogeneous photocatalysts drastically boosts the hydrogen production rate from 1250 to 3130 μmol·g–1·h–1. Our molecular strategy provides a platform that rationally facilitates electronic modulation of copper(I) atoms, tunes the macroscopic optoelectronic properties of photocatalysts and boosts carbon‐negative HER activity, extending the boundaries of conventional molecular‐based photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simultaneously improving activity and stability is a crucial yet challenge in the development of metallic single‐atom‐based catalysts. In current work, a novel approach is introduced to address this issue by combining post‐adsorption and secondary pyrolysis techniques to create a synergistic catalytic system, in which the single atoms (SAs) Fe sites played in the NC matrix (Fe─NC) are coupled with high‐entropy atomic clusters (HEACs). Theoretical calculations reveal that the incorporation of HEACs lead to a rehybridization of the 3d orbital configuration of Fe‐N4, which helps to balance the adsorption/desorption energy of oxygenated intermediates. In situ spectroscopy further reveals that the rate‐limiting step of OH* desorption on HEAC/Fe─NC in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is more facile compared to atomic Fe─NC, implying a higher ORR activity. Moreover, the synergistic effect of diffusion activation barriers and configuration entropy contributes to the structural stability of HEAC/Fe─NC, resulting in remarkable durability. Consequently, this unique catalyst exhibits half‐wave potentials of 0.927 and 0.828 V in an aqueous solution of KOH (0.1 m) and HClO4 (0.1 m), respectively, along with excellent durability. The findings propose a novel strategy for modulating the electronic structure of metallic SAs catalysts and enhancing their stability through strong interactions between SAs and HEACs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grasping the behavior of metal nanoclusters in solution at the atomic level is a pinnacle challenge in nanoscience. In addressing this, our work utilizes the Ag13@Ag16(BDT)12(TPP)4 (Ag29) nanocluster (where BDT represents 1,3‐benzenedithiol, and TPP is triphenylphosphine) as a template. We employ isotopic layering labeling, such as a109 Ag13@107 Ag16 core ‐shell structure, to mark the clusters. Subsequently, we conduct reactions with clusters featuring two different layering structures. Finally, we employ isotopic labeling to replace Ag in the shell, followed by analysis using ESI‐MS, enabling us to discern the process of intercluster reactions. We observed that the reactions primarily involve metal exchanges between the cores of different clusters and separately between their shells, highlighting distinct patterns of atomic‐level exchanges within these structures. This study thus offers pivotal insights into the molecular‐level mechanisms of metal exchange between clusters, significantly contributing to the development of metal nanocluster design and synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing high mass‐loading electrodes is crucial for enhancing the energy density of current batteries, yet challenges such as poor rate performance and cycling instability must be addressed. Spin charge storage on transition metal nanoparticle surfaces, characterized by rapid charging and the absence of phase transitions, offers an ideal storage behavior for high mass‐loading electrodes. In this study, electrospinning is utilized to fabricate free‐standing carbon nanofibers incorporating Co nanoparticles for high‐mass loading and high‐performance anodes. The resulting anode, with a maximum mass loading of 6.8 mg cm−2, exhibits remarkable cycle stability and high‐rate performance of 2 A g−1 at a capacity over 3 mAh cm−2, superior than reported results. Magnetometry and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy are employed to monitor the charge storage mechanism of the Co@CNFs, involving both the reversible formation of a spin capacitance and the growth of radical anions in the solid electrolyte interface. Additionally, in situ X‐ray diffraction and optical microscopy provide direct evidence of the absence of mechanical stress‐induced phenomena within the spin charge process, attributed to high‐rate capable lithium storage under high mass loading. The strategic approach presented herein offers a reliable methodology for engineering high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This study investigated the effect of five different reheating methods (boiling water, steaming, low‐heat microwave at 120 W, medium‐heat microwave at 400 W, high‐heat microwave at 800 W) on lipid oxidation of silver carp fish cake. The changes of lipid content, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value, acid value (AV), peroxide value (POV), volatile flavour components and fatty acid composition were detected. The results indicated that products reheated with medium‐heat microwave had higher lipid content, lower TBA, AV and POV value. The medium‐heat and high‐heat microwave reheated group had larger variety of volatile flavour substances. Moreover, the relative content of hexanal and heptanal related to unpleasant "overcooked taste" was less, and the relative content of 2‐heptanone, which contributed to the reduction of fishy odour, was more in medium‐heated microwave group. The content of monounsaturated fatty acids in the medium‐heat microwave group was higher than other reheating methods, so as the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids. Considering all indicators, medium‐heat microwave reheating is more recommended due to its inhibition of fat oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Primary intravaginal anejaculation (PIAJ) is a relatively uncommon male sexual dysfunction characterized by an inability to achieve intravaginal ejaculation during all sexual intercourse. Effective treatment options for this condition are lacking. We aimed to explore the clinical effect of the sexual therapy combined with vacuum negative pressure hydropneumatic/pneumatic bubble massage (VNPHP/PBM) on primary intravaginal anejaculation, and its possible mechanism. Methods: A total of 95 PIAJ patients were randomly divided into three groups, including group A with 32 patients treated with the sexual therapy combined with VNPHP/PBM, group B with 32 patients treated with the sexual therapy and group C with 31 patients treated with VNPHP/PBM. The efficacy of therapeutic regimes, latency of the somatosensory evoked potentials of dorsal nerve (DNSEP), glans penis (GPSEP) and penile shaft sensory threshold (PSST), measures of sexual behavior of patients, as well as the self‐rating anxiety scale (SAS) sores of patients and their partners, were compared before and after treatment among three groups. Results: The total effective rate of group A (84.38%) was higher than those of groups B and C (53.13% and 41.94%), however, no differences were found between groups B and C. The ratios of patients and their partners with anxiety, frequency of observing erotic films of patients, ratios of patients with special self‐masturbation and frequency of masturbation decreased significantly in the three groups after the treatment. The decrease in the ratios of patients and their partners with anxiety, frequency of observing erotic films of patients in groups A and B were higher than those of group C, however, no differences were identified between groups A and B. The decrease in the ratios of patients with special self‐masturbation and frequency of masturbation in group A were higher than those of group B, however, no differences were found between groups A and C, B and C. There were no differences in the latency of DNSEP, GPSEP, and PSST among the three groups before and after treatment. Conclusion: The sexual therapy combined with VNPHP/PBM has good therapeutic effects on PIAJ, which might be achieved by reducing the anxiety level of patients and their partners, improving sexual behavioral patterns, rather than increasing the sensitivity of penis including dorsal nerve and glans penis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disorder characterized by the progressive deterioration of articular cartilage and concomitant alterations in subchondral bone architecture. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of OA remains poorly understood. In the present study, we explored whether the calcification in the articular cartilage occurred in the early stage of mouse OA model, generated by the surgery destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM), via the intra‐articular injection of alizarin complexone due to its anionic nature for binding calcium‐containing crystals. Although we did not observe the calcification in the articular cartilage of early stage of DMM mice, we unexpectedly identified alizarin complexone had the diffusion capacity for detecting the permeability from the articular cartilage to subchondral bone. Our data showed that the diffusion of alizarin complexone from the articular cartilage to calcified cartilage was greater in the early stage of DMM mice than that in sham controls. Additionally, we observed enhanced penetration of alizarin complexone through the periosteum in DMM mice compared to sham mice. In summary, we developed a novel imaging method that offers a valuable tool for further exploration of biochemical communication underlying OA development. Our findings provided new evidence that increased molecular interactions between the articular cartilage and subchondral bone is involved in the pathogenesis of OA progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous geopolymer composite (E51) reinforced by E51 epoxy resin was prepared by well‐distributed dual‐blending using red mud, metakaolin, and slag as raw materials. The effects of E51 content on microstructure, porosity, mechanical properties, and thermal insulation properties of the porous composites were investigated. The addition of E51 changed the setting time and viscosity of the slurry with high content of solid wastes (80%), which play an important role in the formation of pores during the direct foaming process. The addition of E51 had great influence on the porous properties of geopolymer composites, which in turn affected their compressive strength (0.19–1.44 MPa) and thermal conductivity (0.09–0.12 W/mK). The addition of E51 enabled the production of geopolymer composites in a rather large range of total porosity (67.3–81.1 vol%), with an optimal sample possessing a total porosity of up to 78.7 vol%, a thermal conductivity of 0.086 W/mK, and a compression strength of 0.47 MPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enrich the crystal growth strategies for the booming applications concerning lattice structure, a preferred facet‐growth method is proposed for solvothermal synthesis of target (BiO)2CO3 in the two‐phase system. The dominant crystal phase can be regulated from α‐Fe2O3 to (BiO)2CO3 by properly increasing dosage of Bi feedstock, and the optimized composite is composed of (BiO)2CO3 nanocrystal (≈10 nm) and amorphous iron oxide (defined as "FOB‐50"). Based on experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations, the highly matched lattice between (006)/(0012) facets of α‐Fe2O3 and {010} facet group of (BiO)2CO3 involving orientation of Fe─O─Fe bond and Bi─O─Bi bond is verified to facilitate the interaction between the above facets, resulting in preferred growth of {010} dominated by (040) facet in (BiO)2CO3 and its composites. The structural merits can not only enable the FOB‐50‐based electrodes to achieve a high capacity and unprecedentedly stable cyclic performances for 1500 cycles/a long time‐span of 32 months as anode materials, but also ensure the full‐cell to well inherit the electrochemical features of the cathode in potassium ion batteries (PIBs). This work can provide new insight into lattice regulation for bismuth‐based materials and expand their application as electrodes for high performance PIBs and lithium ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3)‐doped cerium oxide (CeO2) was prepared via hydrothermal method, and by depositing ethyl 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoate (EDHB) on the surface of Bi2S3/CeO2 (Bi2S3/CeO2/EDHB and BCE). The samples were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TEM, and UV–vis absorption spectrum means. According to the characterizations, Bi2S3 was successfully incorporated into the CeO2 structure (Bi2S3/CeO2), and the prepared BCE/PVC composite films display excellent UV‐shielding property. Moreover, the result of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) tests indicated that BCE also was barely catalytic thermal decomposition of PVC matrix. This work not only paves an attractive way for the design of the CeO2‐based UV‐shielding agent, but also provides valuable insights into the inspiration to construct high‐performance UV‐shielding composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition from acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a critical clinical issue. Although previous studies have suggested macrophages as a key player in promoting inflammation and fibrosis during this transition, the heterogeneity and dynamic characterization of macrophages are still poorly understood. Here, we used integrated single‐cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomic to characterize the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of macrophages in murine AKI‐to‐CKD model of unilateral ischemia‐reperfusion injury. A marked increase in macrophage infiltration at day 1 was followed by a second peak at day 14 post AKI. Spatiotemporal profiling revealed that injured tubules and macrophages co‐localized early after AKI, whereas in late chronic stages had spatial proximity to fibroblasts. Further pseudotime analysis revealed two distinct lineages of macrophages in this transition: renal resident macrophages differentiated into the pro‐repair subsets, whereas infiltrating monocyte‐derived macrophages contributed to chronic inflammation and fibrosis. A novel macrophage subset, extracellular matrix remodeling‐associated macrophages (EAMs) originating from monocytes, linked to renal fibrogenesis and communicated with fibroblasts via insulin‐like growth factors (IGF) signalling. In sum, our study identified the spatiotemporal dynamics of macrophage heterogeneity with a unique subset of EAMs in AKI‐to‐CKD transition, which could be a potential therapeutic target for preventing CKD development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of next‐generation flexible electronics hinges on the creation of materials that are not only mechanically robust but also multifunctional. Herein, a novel approach is presented to fabricate an aramid nanofibers/cellulose nanocrystals/montmorillonite nanoplates (ACM) composite substrate with a robust "brick and mortar" microstructure. This substrate is seamlessly integrated with a high‐performance graphene/silver nanowire (G/Ag) composite conductive layer, resulting in the creation of ACM&G/Ag nanopapers. The resulting nanopapers achieve remarkable tensile strength (δc) (543.82 MPa), tensile modulus (Ec) (10.93 GPa), and toughness (Uc) (95.18 MJ m−3). Notably, when normalized by weight, the specific tensile strength of these nanopapers surpasses that of commercial titanium alloy, reaching 399.87 MPa g−1 cm3, compared to titanium alloy's 257.00 MPa g−1 cm3. With a high conductivity of 1398.08 S cm−1, ACM&G/Ag nanopapers exhibit impressive electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of 39.59 dB and EMI SE/t of 16359.26 dB cm−1. Moreover, ACM&G/Ag nanopapers exhibit exceptional thermal management performance, featuring high electrical heating temperature (280 °C), rapid response time (<6 s), enduring heating stability, deicing capacity, and reliable heating performance even in humid environments. These results underscore the substantial potential of these high‐performance nanopapers in diverse applications such as wearable devices, electromagnetic compatibility, thermal management, human health, and aerospace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A unified clustering framework based on pattern correlation is used to identify eight blocking regimes over Eurasia and surrounding oceans during the winter months (December–March) of 1948–2021. The regimes are labeled based on their centers of action, which are located over the West Atlantic, Greenland, the East Atlantic, Scandinavia, the Ural Mountains and Siberia, the Okhotsk Sea, the Bering Strait, and the North Pacific. It should be noted that the classification is almost insensitive to the time period but mainly depends on the percentage of different blocking events. The spatial distributions of cold surges differ substantially among these eight regimes. Due mainly to the cold advection downstream of the centers of blocking activities, cold surges can be observed over parts of the Eurasian continent. Possible relationships between the eight blocking regimes and large‐scale modes of climate variability, including the Arctic Oscillation, the North Atlantic Oscillation, and the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, are explored. Not only contemporary connections but also the predictive value of large‐scale modes is discussed. Plain Language Summary: Atmospheric blocking, an important circulation system in middle and high latitudes, has significant local and upstream/downstream impacts on weather and short‐term climate. Since blockings with diverse occurrence locations affect different regions, it is necessary to classify them by a unified framework. In this study, a clustering method based on pattern correlations is adopted to identify wintertime blocking regimes over Eurasia and surrounding oceans to establish their connections with the corresponding spatial distribution of cold surges. The clustering result is almost insensitive to the time period, which mainly depends on the percentage of blocking events located at different regions. We also examine the large‐scale climate background for each regime to provide a reference for the cold surge forecast over the Eurasian continent. Key Points: Eight wintertime blocking regimes over Eurasia and surrounding oceans are revealed by a clustering methodBlocking activities induce cold surges over parts of the Eurasian continent due to downstream cold advectionThe cluster regimes are almost insensitive to the time period [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The catalytic process of Li2S formation is considered a key pathway to enhance the kinetics of lithium‐sulfur batteries. Due to the system's complexity, the catalytic behavior is uncertain, posing significant challenges for predicting activity. Herein, we report a novel cascaded dual‐cavity nanoreactor (NiCo−B) by controlling reaction kinetics, providing an opportunity for achieving hierarchical catalytic behavior. Through experimental and theoretical analysis, the multilevel structure can effectively suppress polysulfides dissolution and accelerate sulfur conversion. Furthermore, we differentiate the adsorption (B−S) and catalytic effect (Co−S) in NiCo−B, avoiding catalyst deactivation caused by excessive adsorption. As a result, the as‐prepared battery displays high reversible capacity, even with sulfur loading of 13.2 mg cm−2 (E/S=4 μl mg−1), the areal capacity can reach 18.7 mAh cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing novel anodes with outstanding fast‐charging properties is crucial for next‐generation energy storage research. Sb2S3 materials are deemed promising electrodes due to their high theoretical specific capacity. However, they are restricted by sluggish bulk‐phase kinetics, bringing about inferior electronic conductivity at high current density. In this work, the cable‐like SS@C‐x anodes are successfully prepared via the thermal‐chemical treatment method. Through the tailoring of habit modifiers, their unique core–shell architectures are induced with (hk1) preferential planes and the construction of S‐defects, accompanied by lowered energy barriers. Meanwhile, assisted by C─S and C─O─Sb bonds, the charge accumulation on the surface can be rapidly released toward the bulk phase. As expected, for the as‐optimized samples, the capacity of 603.7 mAh g−1 can remain after 100 cycles at 1.0 A g−1. Even at 10.0 A g−1, their superior capacity of 436.1 mAh g−1 can be noted, and it still displayed the reversible capacity of 479 mAh g−1 at −5 °C. Assisted by kinetic analysis, the great electrochemical properties mainly come from the reduced migration energy barriers and accelerated Li+ diffusion rates. Given this, the work is expected to shed light on crystal orientation tuning and defect engineering for advanced metal‐based energy storage materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poor anode/electrolyte interface triggered by abysmal dendritic growth and hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) hinders the development of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs). Here, a highly efficient electrolyte is formulated with sucralose (Sucral) additive to refresh solvated structure and steer interfacial renovation, for building highly electronegative Cl‐modulated trinity effect in the bulk‐interface between electrolyte and electrode. Experiment results and theoretical studies jointly reveal that Sucral with highly zincophilic and hydrophilic hydroxyl groups can remodel primary Zn2+ solvation shell and interrupt strong H‐bond network from H2O molecules, thus boosting fast de‐solvation and restricting undesirable HER. Simultaneously, three highly electronegative chlorides in the adsorbed Sucral possessing hydrophobic features can enable a H2O‐poor electric double‐layer (EDL), thus remodeling the Zn surface against corrosion. Additionally, it realizes preferential exposure of the Zn (002) plane for helping uniform interfacial deposition. The synergy of the above factors achieves a prolonged lifespan of 3000 h (1.0 mA cm−2, 1.0 mAh cm−2), much better than that with Sucrose (Suc) electrolyte. The Zn//V2O5 full cell at 5 A g−1 also maintains enhanced stability of 1500 cycles with 160 mAh g−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article proposes a novel hybrid approach for addressing the synthesis problem of rectangular planar arrays under multiple constraints, through joint optimization of the weight function and the improved grey wolf optimization (IGWO) algorithm. Firstly, the grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm is improved by using tent chaotic mapping, nonlinear convergence factor, dominant wolf dynamic belief strategy, and opposition‐based learning strategy to increase the population diversity and the ability to jump out of the local optimum. Secondly, the array elements are weighted using the weight function to generate the position distribution matrix, which reduces the thinned matrix optimization time and improves the optimization efficiency. Finally, the position distribution matrix is used to generate the thinned array, and the IGWO algorithm is applied to perform the sparse optimization with multiple constraints. The effectiveness of the method is verified through numerical simulation and full‐wave simulation experiments, demonstrating its capability to enhance array antenna performance and reduce peak sidelobe level (PSLL). These experimental results hold significant engineering implications and provide valuable references for addressing the array distribution problem under multiple constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to identify a specific SCLC population that would benefit from surgery. Methods: This study utilized patient data retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database spanning 2010 to 2017. To mitigate clinical biases, the propensity score matching (PSM) technique was employed. Separate cohorts were aligned using PSM according to the AJCC 8th edition TNM classification. The Kaplan–Meier method and a competing risk model were applied to evaluate overall survival (OS) and lung cancer–specific survival (LCSS), respectively. Outcomes: Among the 3394 patients with potentially resectable SCLC included in the study, 3062 underwent chemoradiotherapy and 332 underwent surgical treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy. Surgery was associated with better OS (median OS: 49 months; 95% CI: 35–63 months vs. 27 months; 95% CI: 21–33 months, p < 0.001) and LCSS (SHR, 0.578; 95% CI: 0.411–0.815, p < 0.001) in stage I patients after PSM. However, there was no significant difference in OS and LCSS between the surgery and nonsurgery groups in stage II and III patients after PSM. In the entire cohort, lobectomy was associated with improved OS (median OS: 48.6 vs. 28.7 months, p < 0.0001), but not LCSS (SHR, 0.696; 95% CI: 0.466–1.040, p = 0.078) compared with sublobar resection after PSM. Conclusion: Surgery with adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved the survival prognosis of patients with early‐stage SCLC. However, surgical treatment should be carefully considered in patients with stage II/III disease. Lobectomy is oncologically equal to sublobar resection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) is an important fungicide to control grain diseases. For this reason, a series of novel pyrazole‐4‐carboxamide derivatives with an N‐methoxy group were designed and synthesized. All the target compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. The compound 3c was further confirmed by X‐ray diffraction, which crystallized in the triclinic system, space group P‐1, Z = 2. The fungicidal activity results indicated that most of these compounds possessed good activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum at 50 ppm. Especially, compound 3h exhibited the best activity with the EC50 is 7.80 μg/mL, which is comparable with the positive control bixafen (EC50 = 6.70 μg/mL). Furthermore, the physicochemical properties, molecular docking simulation, ADMET analyses, DFT of compounds 3h, 3k and two commercial SDHIs, isoflucypram and pydiflumetofen, were investigated in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, risk factors and prognostic implications of cognitive impairment in young and middle‐aged patients with acute heart failure (HF). Methods: In a prospective cohort of patients with acute HF, we assessed cognitive function by the Mini‐Cog, predictors of the cognitive impairment and its associations with 30 day and 1 year cardiovascular death or HF rehospitalization among young and middle‐aged patients (<65 years old). Results: Among 1958 young and middle‐aged patients, the prevalence of cognitive impairment was 19.6%. Predictors of cognitive impairment included older age, females, lower education levels and prior strokes. Compared with patients having normal cognitive function, cognitive impairment was associated with a higher risk of 30 day cardiovascular death or HF rehospitalization [hazard ratio (HR), 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07–2.17, P = 0.02], but not for 1 year cardiovascular death or HF rehospitalization (HR, 1.06, 95% CI, 0.87–1.30, P = 0.55). Conclusions: Cognitive impairment is present in a notable proportion of young and middle‐aged patients with acute HF and is associated with an increased risk of short‐term adverse outcomes. Strategies for screening and intervention for cognitive impairment at a younger age are necessary, particularly for those at high risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the associations between ketone bodies (KB) and multiple adverse outcomes including cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and all‐cause mortality according to diabetes status. Methods: This prospective study included 222 824 participants free from CVD and CKD at baseline from the UK Biobank. Total KB including β‐hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate and acetone were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between KB and adverse outcomes among participants with normoglycaemia, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes, respectively. Results: During a mean follow‐up of 14.1 years, 24 088 incident CVD events (including 17 303 coronary heart disease events, 5172 stroke events and 5881 heart failure [HF] events), 8605 CKD events and 15 813 deaths, were documented. Higher total KB significantly increased the risk of HF among participants with normoglycaemia (HR, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.17‐1.49], per 10‐fold increase in total KB) and prediabetes (1.35 [1.04‐1.76]), and increased the risk of CKD among those with normoglycaemia (1.20 [1.09‐1.33]). Elevated KB levels were associated with an increased risk of all‐cause mortality across the glycaemic spectrum (1.32 [1.23‐1.42] for normoglycaemia, 1.45 [1.24‐1.71] for prediabetes and 1.47 [1.11‐1.94] for diabetes). Moreover, a significant additive interaction between KB and diabetes status was observed on the risk of death (P =.009), with 4.9% of deaths attributed to the interactive effects. Conclusions: Our study underscored the variation in association patterns between KB and adverse outcomes according to diabetes status and suggested that KB could interact with diabetes status in an additive manner to increase the risk of mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a major chronic disease seriously affecting human health. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for about 90% of DM patients, which is the largest type. Approximately 25–35% of T2DM patients develop kidney disease, which not only impacts the survival rate and quality of life but also, to the family and society, are of great economic burden. Early identification of high‐risk T2DM patients with kidney disease is crucial for initiating targeted prevention and treatment measures in time to reduce or delay the occurrence and progression of diabetic kidney disease. Previous studies have identified a variety of clinical predictors for the progression of renal function in T2DM patients, including proteinuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate, blood glucose, blood pressure, serum uric acid, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking, duration of DM, age, gender, race, family history of DM, and diabetic retinopathy. Clinical prediction models based on conventional clinical indicators are instrumental in evaluating the risk of kidney disease in T2DM patients, assisting in patient risk stratification. This article systematically reviews the clinical prediction factors and prediction models associated with the progression of renal function in T2DM patients, providing a comprehensive and current reference for improved clinical assessment of the risk of renal function progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The C677T polymorphism in the MTHFR gene and its role in folate metabolism, impacting serum folate metabolites like THF and 5‐MTHF, is a critical but underexplored area in cancer research. This nested case–control study utilized data from CHHRS, involving 87,492 hypertensive adults without prior cancer. During a median of 2.02 years, we identified 1332 cancer cases and matched controls based on age, sex, and residency. Serum levels of folate, THF, and 5‐MTHF were measured, and the MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism was considered. Statistical analyses included restricted cubic spline regression and conditional logistic regression models. Serum THF levels were inversely associated with overall cancer risk (ORper SD = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.82–0.99), while 5‐MTHF levels showed a negative association in the general cohort (ORQ3 vs. Q1 = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.60–0.96; ORQ4 vs. Q1 = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.58–0.98) and in individuals with MTHFR C677T (CC + CT) polymorphism (ORper SD = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.77–0.99; ORQ4 VS. Q1 = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.61–0.98), but a positive association in the MTHFR C677T (TT) subgroup (ORper SD = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.02–3.72; ORQ4 VS. Q1 = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.06–8.21). The impact of folate, THF, and 5‐MTHF on cancer risk varied significantly across different cancer types and MTHFR C677T genotypes. This study provides novel insights into the variable effects of folate and its metabolites on cancer risk, influenced by genetic factors like the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and cancer type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the effect of environmental policy stringency (EPS) on audit pricing. By exploiting the exogenous variation in environmental policies across 26 countries, we find that firms in countries with more stringent environmental policies incur lower audit fees. The inverse association is more pronounced in common law countries, in countries with a higher level of public enforcement of regulations and in countries with more investor protection. The lower audit fees are also more prominent for firms that are followed by more analysts and firms that have a greater institutional ownership. Furthermore, we find that firms in countries with strong regulations are better and more innovative at managing environmental risk, which implies that better environmental performance of the firms following stronger regulations could lower business risks and thus decrease audit fees. Overall, our findings suggest that compliant firms benefit from EPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the collective behavior of micro/nanorobots has shown unprecedented potential in biomedicine and environmental remediation. Collective behavior can work more efficiently, adaptively, and robustly than individual micro/nanorobots. The paradigm of collective behavior needs to be understood in different dimensions, including from individual to cluster, from planar to spatial, and from mono‐functional to multifunctional. In this review, the focus will be on summarizing the achievements of collective control of micro/nanorobot swarms in recent years from different dimensions, in an attempt to better understand how the structure and materials of individuals should be designed, how collective behavior should be implemented, and how robots are functionalized to cope with practical applications under the introduction of collective control. The opportunities and challenges that collective control faces at this stage are illustrated to provide perspectives for its future development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Appreciating reactivity in terms of physicochemical effects for chemical processes is one of the most important undertakings in chemistry. While transition state (TS) theory provides the framework enabling the reliable calculation of the barrier height for a given elementary step, analytical tools are necessary to gain insight into key factors governing the different processes during chemical reactions. In this contribution, we partition the potential energy surface of an elementary step along the intrinsic coordinate into three segments, the so‐called Pre‐TS, TS, and Post‐TS regions, and then determine the most important factors dictating each segment. This analysis is based on the use of both reactivity descriptors from conceptual density functional theory and concepts from the information‐theoretic approach in density functional theory. We found that in both Pre‐TS and Post‐TS regions, steric effects are the dominant factors, whereas in the TS region, it is the intrinsic electrophilic and nucleophilic propensity of the transition state structure that governs the reactivity. The wide applicability of our approach is shown by a validation for a total of 37 organic and inorganic reactions. Different partition approaches from density functional theory, energy decomposition analysis and wavefunction‐based resonance theory are employed to support our main conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are crucial avenues for achieving full‐color displays and lighting based on perovskite materials. However, the relatively low external quantum efficiency (EQE) has hindered their progression towards commercial applications. Quasi‐two‐dimensional (quasi‐2D) perovskites stand out as promising candidates for blue PeLEDs, with optimized control over low‐dimensional phases contributing to enhanced radiative properties of excitons. Herein, the impact of organic molecular dopants on the crystallization of various n‐phase structures in quasi‐2D perovskite films. The results reveal that the highly reactive bis(4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)phosphine oxide (BTF‐PPO) molecule could effectively restrain the formation of organic spacer cation‐ordered layered perovskite phases through chemical reactions, simultaneously passivate those uncoordinated Pb2+ defects. Consequently, the prepared PeLEDs exhibited a maximum EQE of 16.6 % (@ 490 nm). The finding provides a new route to design dopant molecules for phase modulation in quasi‐2D PeLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amid growing interest in the precise detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in industrial field, the demand for highly effective gas sensors is at an all‐time high. However, traditional sensors with their classic single‐output signal, bulky and complex integrated structure when forming array often involve complicated technology and high cost, limiting their widespread adoption. Here, this study introduces a novel approach, employing an integrated YSZ‐based (YSZ: yttria‐stabilized zirconia) mixed potential sensor equipped with a triple‐sensing electrode array, to efficiently detect and differentiate six types of VOCs gases. This innovative sensor integrates NiSb2O6, CuSb2O6, and MgSb2O6 sensing electrodes (SEs), which are sensitive to pentane, isoprene, n‐propanol, acetone, acetic acid, and formaldehyde gases. Through feature engineering based on intuitive spike‐based response values, it accentuates the distinct characteristics of every gas. Eventually, an average classification accuracy of 98.8% and an overall R‐squared error (R2) of 99.3% for concentration regression toward six target gases can be achieved, showcasing the potential to quantitatively distinguish between industrial hazardous VOCs gases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anionic chemistry modulation represents a promising avenue to enhance the electrochemical performance and unlock versatile applications in cutting‐edge energy storage devices. Herein, we propose a methodology that involves anionic chemistry of carbonate anions to tailor the electrochemical oxidation‐reduction reactions of bismuth (Bi) electrodes, where the conversion energy barrier for Bi (0) to Bi (III) has been significantly reduced, endowing anionic full batteries with enhanced electrochemical kinetics and chemical self‐charging property. The elaborately designed batteries with an air‐switch demonstrate rapid self‐recharging capabilities, recovering over 80 % of the electrochemical full charging capacity within a remarkably short timeframe of 1 hour and achieving a cumulative self‐charging capacity of 5 Ah g−1. The aqueous self‐charging battery strategy induced by carbonate anion, as proposed in this study, holds the potential for extending to various anionic systems, including seawater‐based Cl− ion batteries. This work offers a universal framework for advancing next‐generation multi‐functional power sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the complete structure of noble metal nanoclusters is both academically and practically significant. However, progress has been hindered by the low synthetic efficiency of many nanocluster syntheses. In this study, we present the first high‐throughput syntheses of homo‐gold, homo‐copper, and gold‐copper alloy nanoclusters in dichloromethane at room temperature. Through high‐throughput screening, we successfully obtained three nanoclusters in a single reaction: Au18(SC6H11)14, [Au41Cu66(SC6H11)44](SbF6)3, and an unidentified copper cluster (referred to as Au18, Au41Cu66, and Cu−NC). The optimized synthesis route was achieved with the assistance of machine learning for experimental data analysis, which also guided the synthesis of other metal nanoclusters such as Au40Cu34(4‐S‐PhF)40 (Au40Cu34), [Au6Cu6(SPh)12]n ([Au6Cu6]n), and Au18Cu32(3,5‐C8H9S)36 (Au18Cu32)). This research demonstrates that high‐throughput screening can be a valuable tool in accelerating the development of nanocluster syntheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Future projections indicate that Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR) faces a "wetter and more variable" climate. However, the reasons remain uncertain. The Last Interglacial (LIG) climate provides a potential analog for future warming. Investigating ISMR responses to these two warming scenarios could help understand the causes of ISMR changes. Using PMIP4 simulations, we find that ISMR became "wetter and more stable" during the LIG, contrasting the future climate. The opposing changes in ISMR variability are related to divergent changes in the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) amplitudes, ENSO‐ISMR relationships, and ENSO‐induced large‐scale atmospheric circulation anomalies. During the LIG, orbital forcing weakened ENSO variability and its impacts on ISMR. A westward positioning of ENSO shifted the atmospheric circulation anomalies westward, suppressing extreme ISMR anomalies. These processes are supported by atmospheric model simulations. Our results suggest that different warming patterns (dynamic effects) are more critical than moisture‐increasing effects in controlling regional climate variability. Plain Language Summary: The Last Interglacial (LIG), approximately 129,000 to 116,000 years before the present, is a potential analog for future warming. We found that the variability of Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR) decreased while its mean state increased during the LIG, which is a "wetter and more stable" climate. This contrasts with the simultaneous increase in both the mean state and variability of ISMR projected in future warming scenarios. The opposing changes in ISMR variability during these two warm periods can be attributed to reverse changes in El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability and its associated large‐scale circulation. During the LIG, reduced ENSO variability weakened the ENSO‐ISMR relationship. Sea surface temperature anomalies associated with ENSO extended westward in LIG, shifting precipitation and associated heating‐induced atmospheric circulation anomalies westward, which weakened the extreme ISMR anomalies, thus making the ISMR variability stable. This process is further supported by atmospheric general circulation model (CAM5) experiments. Our findings suggest that different external forcing‐induced warming patterns (dynamic effects) can be more critical than moisture‐increasing effects in contributing to regional climate variability change. Key Points: Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR) experienced a more stable climate during the LIG opposite to the change under anthropogenic warmingRelationship between ISMR and ENSO significantly weakened due to the waning ENSO variability induced by orbital forcingA westward positioning of ENSO during the LIG shifted the anomalous large‐scale circulation westward, reducing the extreme ISMR anomalies [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The functional role and molecular mechanisms of small‐nucleolar RNA host gene 14 (SNHG14) in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) progression remain unclear. The expression levels of SNHG14 in breast cancer samples and cell lines were determined using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities were detected using MTS and transwell assays. By RNA sequencing, differentially expressed genes were identified between the SNHG14 siRNA and the negative control group. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses were used to predict the targets and pathways regulated by SNHG14. pRAF, pMEK, and pERK expression were measured by western blot. The xenograft model was constructed to access the biological function of SNHG14 in vivo. A minimal patient‐derived xenograft model was established to evaluate the sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs. Our data indicated that SNHG14 expression was increased in TNBC tissues and cell lines. SNHG14 knockdown attenuated the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of TNBC cells both in vivo and in vitro. High SNHG14 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis and a high Ki67 index. The targets of SNHG14 were mainly enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway. pRAF, pMEK, and pERK expression were downregulated after being transfected with SNHG14 siRNA. Compared with the negative control group, the expression of CACNA1I, DUSP8, FGF17, FGFR4, FOS, PDGFRB, and DDIT3 was increased, and the expression of MKNK1 was decreased in the SNHG14 siRNA group. Minimal patient‐derived xenograft model demonstrated that knockdown of SNHG14 enhanced the sensitivity to Docetaxel in vivo. Compared with the DMSO group, the proliferation of Docetaxel‐resistant MDA‐MB‐231 cells was decreased in Dabrafenib, PD184352, and FR180204 treatment groups. SNHG14 knockdown inhibits TNBC progression by regulating the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway, which provides evidence for SNHG14 as a potential target for TNBC therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the prescribed performance tracking control problem is studied for interconnected nonlinear time‐delay systems with sensor and actuator faults. Based on the dynamic gain technique and the backstepping control method, a delay‐independent adaptive state feedback controller is designed. Besides, by embedding a smooth function into the controller, the unknown external disturbances, sensor and actuator faults are successfully compensated. Furthermore, we can deal with the asymmetric prescribed performance control with semi‐global or global requirements uniformly by selecting the initial value of the the scaling function. Based on Lyapunov theory, it is proved that the system output of each subsystem can closely track the desired signal and the boundedness of all signals in the closed‐loop systems can be ensured under the proposed control method. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is proved by two simulation examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The issue of fault diagnosis in power equipment is receiving increasing attention from scholars. Due to the important role played by bearings in power equipment, bearing faults have become the main factor causing the shutdown of wind turbines units. Therefore, this paper takes bearing equipment as an example for research. In order to solve the problem of insufficient and unbalanced fault sample data of wind turbines bearings, a fault diagnosis (FD) method based on variational autoencoder and semi‐supervised learning is proposed in this paper. Firstly, based on Label Propagation‐random forests (LP‐RFs) and a small number of labeled fault samples, a semi‐supervised learning algorithm is proposed to label the original data samples. Secondly, a small number of training samples are preprocessed by the variational autoencoder to reduce the imbalance of the fault samples. Then, the RFs‐based method is adopted to train the processed fault samples to obtain a mature FD classifier. Finally, the proposed method is applied to FD for bearings, and the results show that the proposed method can realize bearings fault diagnosis (BFD). And meanwhile, the proposed method can also be applied for fault diagnosis in power transmission and transformation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Captured by relatively low energy consumption and harmful gas‐emission, direct regeneration has captured numerous attention, but still suffers from different particle sizes and diverse doping hetero‐elements, hardly meeting the market demand. Herein, assisted by the crush‐sinter regeneration from element to grain further to particle, homogenized recovery of hetero spent LiCoO2 is successfully carried out. More interestingly, after tailoring Li/Co anti‐sites ratio, the redox activity of Co‐ions is remarkably enhanced, effectively inhibiting the irreversible escape of O‐atoms under high voltage, bringing about the fascinating electrochemical performance and structural stability. As anticipated, the regenerated LiCoO2 delivered a considerable capacity of 175.2 mAh g−1 at 1.0 C, whilst its capacity retention can remain at 88.86% even after 500 cycles at 5.0 C, better than that of commercial materials. Assembling regenerated materials versus. graphite pouch cell, their considerable practical capacity retention can be kept at ≈91.4% even after 500 cycles. Supported by in situ XRD, electronic structure analysis, and detailed DFT calculations, the excellent high voltage stability of optimized samples mainly comes from the alleviating of phase conversion and oxygen redox. This work is expected to shed light on the potential value of homogenized regenerations, and offer effective strategies of upcycling about spent LCO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2D transition metal borides (MBenes) with abundant surface terminals hold great promise in molecular sensing applications. However, MBenes from etching with fluorine‐containing reagents present inert ‐fluorine groups on the surface, which hinders their sensing capability. Herein, the multilayer fluorine‐free MoBTx MBene (where Tx represents O, OH, and Cl) with hydrophilic structure is prepared by a hydrothermal‐assisted hydrochloric acid etching strategy based on guidance from the first‐principle calculations. Significantly, the fluorine‐free MoBTx‐based humidity sensor is fabricated and demonstrates low resistance and excellent humidity performance, achieving a response of 90% to 98%RH and a high resolution of 1%RH at room temperature. By combining the experimental results with the first‐principles calculations, the interactions between MoBTx and H2O, including the adsorption and intercalation of H2O, are understood first in depth. Finally, the portable humidity early warning system for real‐time monitoring and early warning of infant enuresis and back sweating illustrates its potential for humidity sensing applications. This work not only provides guidance for preparation of fluorine‐free MBenes, but also contributes to advancing their exploration in sensing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inferior tribological properties of titanium (Ti) and its alloys, due to their limited work hardening capability and the mechanical instability of their oxide scale, pose substantive challenges in practical applications. Surface texturing and the application of 2D material coatings are acknowledged as efficacious strategies for enhancing these properties. Nevertheless, the rapid loss of effectiveness when employing these methods in isolation highlights a significant limitation. Herein, a 50‐nm‐thick MXene nanocoating is deposited onto groove‐textured pure Ti surface, effectuating a reduction in the coefficient of friction (COF) from ≈0.57 to 0.17, thereby substantially mitigating wear on the Ti substrate. The grooved surface architecture plays a vital role in storing MXenes and facilitating lubricant replenishment through the stirring effect of frictional stress during subsequent friction process. Further, the continuous decomposition and reorganization of MXene coating results in the formation of a robust tribofilm that resists oxidation and plastic deformation in the subsurface layer, markedly enhancing the friction and wear resistance. These findings are crucial for improving tribological performance in Ti and its alloys and provide a straightforward yet effective strategy for tailoring their tribological properties by integrating LST with 2D material nanocoating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Microencapsulation of hydroxypinacolone retinoate (HPR) can improve its application in cosmetics. Objective: To investigate the safety and efficacy of Spherulites Paeony Superior Retinol, a HPR microcapsule containing 5%–10% peony seed oil, 0.01%–1% epigallocatechin gallatyl glucoside (ECGG), and 0.1%–1% HPR. Methods: The safety of Spherulites Paenoy Superior Retinol was evaluated with zebrafish embryo self‐rotation irritation test and developmental toxicity test. SymRenew™ HPR was used as a reference. The skin care efficacies of Spherulites Paenoy Superior Retinol were evaluated using zebrafish embryos covering antioxidation, anti‐inflammation, blood circulation, whitening, wound healing, skin barrier protection, Type I collagen, elastin, and 5α‐reductase genes expression activities. Results: The irritation test revealed that 250 μg/mL Spherulites Paenoy Superior Retinol did not, while 20 μg/mL SymRenew™ HPR significantly (p < 0.05) increased zebrafish embryo self‐rotation frequency. The developmental toxicity test found the teratogenicity index (half lethal concentration/half toxicity concentration) of Spherulites Paenoy Superior Retinol and SymRenew™ HPR were 1.9 and 3.1, respectively. The efficacy analysis results showed that 5 μg/mL Spherulites Paenoy Superior Retinol significantly (p < 0.05) exerted 7.1% anti‐ROS, 20% anti‐inflammation, 14% enhanced blood circulation, 10% suppressed melanin synthesis, 9% enhanced tail fin regeneration, 72% elicited skin barrier protection activity, enhanced the expression of Type I collagen genes col1a1, col1a2, and col1a2 by 34%, 51%, and 42%, respectively, and elastin gene elna by 46%, and suppressed the expression of 5α‐reductase genes srd5a1, srd5a2a, and srd5a2b by 52%, 15%, and 30%, respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that Spherulites Paenoy Superior Retinol is a safe cosmetic ingredient with multi‐skin care efficacies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterogeneous catalysts promoting efficient production of reactive species and dynamically stabilized electron transfer mechanisms for peroxomonosulfates (PMS) still lack systematic investigation. Herein, a more stable magnetic layered double oxides (CFLDO/N‐C), was designed using self‐polymerization and high temperature carbonization of dopamine. The CFLDO/N‐C/PMS system effectively activated PMS to remove 99% (k = 0.737 min−1) of tetracycline (TC) within 10 min. The CFLDO/N‐C/PMS system exhibited favorable resistance to inorganic anions and natural organics, as well as satisfactory suitability for multiple pollutants. The magnetic properties of the catalyst facilitated the separation of catalysts from the liquid phase, resulting in excellent reproducibility and effectively reducing the leaching of metal ions. An electronic bridge was constructed between cobalt (the active platform of the catalyst) and PMS, inducing PMS to break the O–O bond to generate the active species. The combination of static analysis and dynamic evolution confirmed the effective adsorption of PMS on the catalyst surface as well as the strong radical‐assisted electron transfer process. Eventually, we further identified the sites where the reactive species attacked the TC and evaluated the toxicity of the intermediates. These findings offer innovative insights into the rapid degradation of pollutants achieved by transition metals in SR‐AOPs and its mechanistic elaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. In response to phosphate (Pi) deficiency, plants rapidly produce a substitutive amount of root hairs; however, the mechanisms underlying Pi supply for root hair growth remain unclear. Here, we observed that soybean (Glycine max) plants maintain a consistent level of Pi within root hairs even under external Pi deficiency. We therefore investigated the role of vacuole‐stored Pi, a major Pi reservoir in plant cells, in supporting root hair growth under Pi‐deficient conditions. Our findings indicated that two vacuolar Pi efflux (VPE) transporters, GmVPE1 and GmVPE2, remobilize vacuolar stored Pi to sustain cytosolic Pi content in root hair cells. Genetic analysis showed that double mutants of GmVPE1 and GmVPE2 exhibited reduced root hair growth under low Pi conditions. Moreover, GmVPE1 and GmVPE2 were highly expressed in root hairs, with their expression levels significantly upregulated by low Pi treatment. Further analysis revealed that GmRSL2 (ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6‐like 2), a transcription factor involved in root hair morphogenesis, directly binds to the promoter regions of GmVPE1 and GmVPE2, and promotes their expressions under low Pi conditions. Additionally, mutants lacking both GmRSL2 and its homolog GmRSL3 exhibited impaired root hair growth under low Pi stress, which was rescued by overexpressing either GmVPE1 or GmVPE2. Taken together, our study has identified a module comprising vacuolar Pi exporters and transcription factors responsible for remobilizing vacuolar Pi to support root hair growth in response to Pi deficiency in soybean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates a steel moment resisting frame (MRF) with a novel type of self‐centering (SC) base isolators, wherein superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) U‐shaped dampers (SMAUDs) work as core components. A two‐story steel MRF model equipped with two SMAUD‐based isolators was designed and built in the laboratory, and a series of shake table tests were conducted to examine the dynamic behavior and seismic performance of the frame. Throughout all the tests, no interventions, such as repair or replacement of frame or isolator members, were done. Shake table test results demonstrated that the SMAUD‐based isolators could withstand multiple strong earthquakes with stable SC behavior. The utilization of SMAUD‐based isolators provided effective protection for the frame, enabling it to restore its original position with minimal structural damage. A numerical model of the tested steel MRF with SMAUD‐based isolators was also built. The results obtained from the numerical analyses agreed with those of the shake table tests satisfactorily. A comparative study of the seismic performance between the MRF with SMAUD‐based isolators and the MRF with traditional steel U‐shaped damper‐based isolators was also conducted in the shake table tests. The results showed that SMAUD‐based isolators not only inherit the isolation function of conventional isolators to protect the frame but also possess an SC ability to eliminate residual isolator deformation effectively. Moreover, SMAUD‐based isolators demonstrate remarkable resilience to withstand multiple strong seismic events without any need for repair or replacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Activation of the renin‐angiotensin system, as a hallmark of hypertension and chronic kidney diseases (CKD) is the key pathophysiological factor contributing to the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. LIM and senescent cell antigen‐like domains protein 1 (LIMS1) plays an essential role in controlling of cell behaviour through the formation of complexes with other proteins. Here, the function and regulation of LIMS1 in angiotensin II (Ang II)‐induced hypertension and tubulointerstitial fibrosis was investigated. Experimental Approach: C57BL/6 mice were treated with Ang II to induce tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) renal tubular‐specific knockout mice or LIMS1 knockdown AAV was used to investigate their effects on Ang II‐induced renal interstitial fibrosis. In vitro, HIF‐1α or LIMS1 was knocked down or overexpressed in HK2 cells after exposure to Ang II. Key Results: Increased expression of tubular LIMS1 was observed in human kidney with hypertensive nephropathy and in murine kidney from Ang II‐induced hypertension model. Tubular‐specific knockdown of LIMS1 ameliorated Ang II‐induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis in mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that LIMS1 was transcriptionally regulated by HIF‐1α in tubular cells and that tubular HIF‐1α knockout ameliorates LIMS1‐mediated tubulointerstitial fibrosis. In addition, LIMS1 promotes Ang II‐induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis by interacting with vimentin. Conclusion and Implications: We conclude that HIF‐1α transcriptionally regulated LIMS1 plays a central role in Ang II‐induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis through interacting with vimentin. Our finding represents a new insight into the mechanism of Ang II‐induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis and provides a novel therapeutic target for progression of CKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Excessive body weight and obesity elevate the risk of chronic non‐communicable diseases. The judicious application of the gut microbiome, encompassing both microorganisms and their derived compounds, holds considerable promise in the treatment of obesity. RESULTS: In this study, we showed that a cocktail of gut microbiota‐derived metabolites, comprising indole 3‐propionic acid (IPA), sodium butyrate (SB) and valeric acid (VA), alleviated various symptoms of obesity in both male and female mice subjected to a high‐fat diet (HFD). The 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing revealed that administering the cocktail via oral gavage retained the gut microbiota composition in obese mice. Fecal microbiota transplantation using cocktail‐treated mice as donors mitigated the obesity phenotype of HFD‐fed mice. Transcriptomic sequencing analysis showed that the cocktail preserved the gene expression profile of hepatic tissues in obese mice, especially up‐regulated the expression level of leptin receptor. Gene delivery via in vivo fluid dynamics further validated that the anti‐obesity efficacy of the cocktail was dependent on leptin signaling at least partly. The cocktail also inhibited the expression of appetite stimulators in hypothalamus. Together, the metabolite cocktail combated adiposity by retaining the gut microbiota configuration and activating the hepatic leptin signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide a sophisticated regulatory network between the gut microbiome and host, and highlight a cocktail of gut microbiota‐derived metabolites, including IPA, SB, and VA, might be a prospective intervention for anti‐obesity in a preclinical setting. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition significantly disturbs ecosystem N cycle. Although foliar interception and uptake of N deposition can provide an important alternative N supply to forest ecosystems, the mechanisms regulating foliar N uptake from wet deposition are not fully understood. Here, we selected 19 woody species with a wide range of plant traits from different functional groups and conducted a 15N isotope labelling experiment through brushing 15NH4+ and 15NO3− solution on canopy leaves. Our findings demonstrate that leaves can directly absorb N from wet deposition within a few hours. The average leaf 15N recoveries were 10% and 28% under 15NH4+ and 15NO3− treatments across species, respectively, while twig N recoveries were only 1%–7% of leaf N recoveries. Differences in foliar N uptake efficiency among species were closely associated with leaf traits but were little influenced by meteorological conditions or soil nutrient status. Specifically, plants with higher leaf N concentration, larger specific leaf area and lower wax concentration exhibited higher leaf N recovery. Our results indicated that tree canopies could directly absorb N from atmospheric deposition. We highlight the critical role of leaf traits in determining canopy foliar N uptake, which may consequently influence plant competition under elevated N deposition. Summary Statement: We conducted a 15N‐labelling experiment on canopy leaves of 19 woody species with diverse traits. We found that species with acquisitive traits had higher foliar nitrogen (N) uptake than conservative species, providing insights into the necessity of accounting foliar uptake into ecosystem N budget. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amorphous tungsten oxide (WO3) is widely exploited in the fields of photochromism and electrochromism. Despite its widespread use, the tractable synthesis of amorphous WO3 nanodots is still on the drawing board, even though the WO3 nanodots possess superior chromatic performance owing to their large surface‐to‐volume ratio. Therefore, a new efficient strategy to synthesize amorphous WO3 nanodots, which exhibit both excellent electrochromic and photochromic properties, is reported. For the first time, the ligand effects of the amorphous WO3 nanodots on chromatic applications are elucidated. The presence of the ligand on amorphous WO3 nanodots inhibits the electrochromic color switching, while promoting photochromic performance. As a proof of concept, zinc‐WO3 electrochromic devices, WO3‐polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) transparent hydrogels, and PVA/WO3 textiles are prepared for diverse rapid‐switching chromatic applications. These results present a new strategy for the synthesis of widely used amorphous WO3 nanodots and open new opportunities for the development of WO3‐based chromatic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extremely low‐frequency (ELF) electromagnetic (EM) waves adeptly propagate in harsh cross‐medium environments, overcoming rapid decay that hinders high‐frequency counterparts. Traditional antennas, however, encounter challenges concerning size, efficiency, and power. Here, drawing inspiration from nature, we present a groundbreaking piezo‐actuated, bionic flapping‐wing magnetic‐dipole resonator (BFW‐MDR), operating in the electro‐mechano‐magnetic coupling mechanism, designed for efficient ELF EM wave transmission. The unique rigid‐flexible hybrid flapping‐wing structure magnifies rotation angles of anti‐phase magnetic dipoles by tenfold, leading to constructive superposition of emitted magnetic fields. Consequently, the BFW‐MDR exhibits a remarkable quality factor of 288 and an enhanced magnetic field emission of 514 fT at 100 meters with only 6.9 mW power consumption, surpassing traditional coil antennas by three orders of magnitude. The communication rate is doubled by the ASK+PSK modulation method. Its robust performance in cross‐medium communication, even amidst various interferences, underscores its potential as a highly efficient antenna for underwater and underground applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]