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The present study investigated ultrasound (US) phenotypes reflecting prostate cancer (PCa)‐related genetic mutations. Herein, integration of radiotranscriptomic data, US and contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) radiomic images, and RNA sequencing was performed with the aim of significantly improving the accuracy of PCa prognosis. We performed radiotranscriptomic analysis of clinical, imaging, and two genomic (mRNA and microRNA expression) datasets from 48 and 22 men with PCa and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), respectively. Twenty‐three US texture features and four microvascular perfusion features were associated with various patterns of 52 differentially expressed genes related to PCa (p < 0.05); 17 overexpressed genes were associated with two key texture features. Twelve overexpressed genes were identified using microvascular perfusion features. Furthermore, mRNA and miRNA biomarkers could be used to distinguish between PCa and BPH. Compared with RNA sequencing, B‐mode and CEUS features reflected genomic alterations associated with hormone receptor status, angiogenesis, and prognosis in patients with PCa. These findings indicate the potential of US to assess biomarker levels in patients with PCa. 1. Our radiotranscriptomics investigations of PCa provided three ultrasound key features identified with radiomics: two texture features and one microvascular perfusion feature. 2. The following co‐regulated, differentially expressed mRNAs and microRNAs were found in three datasets related to prostate cancer: SNAI2, CAV1, RD5A2, RND3, and miR205‐5p, miR205‐3p, miR221‐3p. 3. The enriched functions in the three key features of the significant genes included negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation, the androgen metabolic process, male gonad development, and the lipid biosynthetic process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An electrochemical strategy for the dual functionalizations of unactivated alkenes through an intramolecular migration process was realized in the absence of sacrificial chemical oxidants and noble‐metal catalysts under mild reaction conditions. The electrochemistry enabled a (hetero)aryl migration while providing access to alkenyl/alkynyl‐migration products. Thus, electricity was employed for the formation of functionalized fluoroalkyl radicals through activation of C−H/C−Br bonds from fluorinated esters. Thereby, we obtained a variety of di and mono‐fluorinated alkyl products with good functional group tolerance as well as chemo, and regioselectivities. Likewise, defluorinative allylation of α‐carbonyl alkyl bromides proved viable. The reaction mechanism was established by experiments and computations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human speech contains trivial events that are non‐subjectively controlled and are limited by physical characteristics. These events are represented by a series of extremely short utterances, such as the 'hmm' phrase used for expressing doubt or confirmation. In speaker verification (SV), such events can be a robust choice to verify the real speaker from disguised speech since they are less affected by the randomness of pronunciation. However, trivial events like 'hmm' contain little linguistic information and are extremely short, thus the performance of SV systems will decrease drastically. In this letter, a Sinc‐Attention feature extraction method is proposed to extract more discriminative speech features from speech signals to achieve a robust SV system for trivial events. Learnable filters are utilized to obtain low‐level representations of the speech for SV. Moreover, a novel adaptive weighting of features inspired by attention mechanisms is proposed, which effectively improves the representation capability of speaker features. The experiments on different models prove that our method helps SV systems achieve a lower equal error rate (EER) than hand‐crafted feature‐based systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Consideration of the huge burden both of tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in China as a major public health issue, research focused on the relationship between DM and TB was needed. Methods: An observational study was conducted (2015‐2018) in regional representative TB and lung disease hospitals in China. All the adult patients newly diagnosed of pulmonary TB were consecutively recruited in this study. Results: A total of 1417 patients newly diagnosed pulmonary TB was recruited in this research, 312 (22.02%) of them had the history of type 2 DM. Majority of patients were with fatigue, loss of weight and mild anaemia in TB‐DM group compared with TB‐NDM group (58.3% vs 47.5%, p =.001; 8.21 ± 6.2 vs 5.74 ± 4.0 kg, p <.001, 88.9% vs 77.6% p =.021). TB‐DM patients were with higher the proportion of TB severity score ≥3, compared with TB‐NDM patients, but the distributions of drug susceptibility testing (DST) analysis were not significantly different between the two groups of patients. Remarkably, the sign of central shadow of pulmonary lobe distribution and cavity in TB‐DM group presented significantly higher rate than it in TB‐NDM group. Multivariable logistic regression showed that high uric acid level was an independent risk factor for thick wall cavity in TB‐DM patients (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.24‐6.40), haemoptysis (OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.10‐5.38) and chest pain (OR 5.22, 95% CI 1.38‐19.70) were significantly associated with thick wall cavity. Conclusions: The clinical features of TB‐DM patients are associated with cavities in CT scan, rather than DST results. It can help us recognition confounding variables, also may influence the treatment strategy and outcomes in TB‐DM patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Dsk2 is a nuclear‐enriched ubiquitin‐like polyubiquitin‐binding protein that regulates protein degradation in yeast but has not been explored yet in filamentous fungi, such as Beauveria bassiana. Here, we report Beauveria bassiana Dsk2 located both in the nucleus and in cytoplasm of hyphal cells. Deletion of Dsk2 resulted in mild growth defect on scant media with various carbon/nitrogen sources and dramatic attenuation in conidiation capability at optimal condition. Compared to the wild‐type, ΔDsk2 strains are much more sensitive to high osmotic and oxidative pressure during vegetative growth. Meanwhile, the mutant strains showed an increased chemical tolerance to Congo red and calcofluor white, two cell wall perturbing agents. The transcriptional changes of genes involved in central development, superoxide dismutase and chitin synthesis pathway indicate that Dsk2 acts as a multi‐functional regulator in adapting to environmental changes. Importantly, Dsk2 negatively regulated the ability of thermal resistance in B. bassiana, which makes it a potential target gene for constructing engineering anti‐thermal strains in the circumstance of global warming. Altogether, our finding highlights novel roles of Dsk2 involved in the asexual cycle, multi‐stress tolerance and pest control potential of B. bassiana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This letter proposes a novel architecture used in processing elements (PEs) to accelerate binary neural networks (BNNs) and binary weight networks (BWNs). We use the partial‐sum value of weights with matching input activation to form a lookup table, named binary weight partial‐sum table (BWPT). Following that, the constructed BWPT PE improves the computing efficiency in a variety of data flows. The proposed design has a 3× lower power delay product than the baseline PE and reduces the power consumption by 11.2%, 7.1% and 5.4% compared to 3‐bit activation lookup table‐based PE (LBPE3), 3‐bit reduction tree PE and baseline PE, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of an operationally convenient and stable silicon reagent (octamethyl‐1,4‐dioxacyclohexasilane, ODCS) for the selective silacyclization of (hetero)arenes via twofold C−H activation is reported. This method is compatible with N‐containing heteroarenes such as indoles and carbazoles of varying complexity. The ODCS reagent can also be utilized for silacyclization of other types of substrates, including tertiary phosphines and aryl halides. A series of mechanistic experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to investigate the preferred pathway for this twofold C−H activation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Forest soils contain large amounts of terrestrial organic carbon (C), but the formation pathway of soil organic C (SOC) remains unclear. Recent evidence suggests that microbial necromass is a significant source of SOC, yet a global quantitative assessment across the whole soil profile is lacking. We aimed to assess the vertical distribution and control of microbial‐derived SOC in forest soils. Location: Global forests. Time period: 1996–2019. Major taxa studied: Soil microbial necromass carbon. Methods: We evaluated the proportions of fungal and bacterial necromass C in total SOC in the litter layer, O horizon soil, and various depths of mineral soil in forests using microbial biomarker (glucosamine and muramic acid) data. Results: The total microbial necromass C increased significantly with soil depth, ranging from 30% of SOC in O horizon soil to 62% of SOC in mineral soils below 50 cm. However, only bacterial necromass C followed this increasing trend with soil depth; fungal necromass C showed little variation across the whole soil profile. Higher fungal and bacterial necromass C was observed in soils with lower C/N ratios and smaller aggregate sizes. Soil C/N ratio and microbial biomass C dominantly determined microbial necromass C in surface soil (above 20 cm), but soil clay content was the primary factor in subsoil (below 20 cm). Main conclusions: Microbial necromass C accounted for high percentages of the total SOC in forest soils (particularly at depths >20 cm), but its long‐term stabilization may be governed by different mechanisms at different soil horizons. Substrate quality regulates microbial activity and then controls biomass turnover in surface soil, while aggregate occlusion facilitates mineral protection of microbial necromass C in subsoil. These differential controls of microbial‐derived organic C could be applied in Earth system studies for predicting soil organic C dynamics in forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To conduct a survey of diagnostic facility and therapeutic capability of Pulmonary thromboembolism (PE) in 90 hospitals throughout China. Method: It was a cross‐sectional study among the participating hospitals of the National Key Research & Development Program of China—the Precision Research of Standardized Management and Application of Pulmonary Thromboembolism to obtain the equipment and application of radiological facility to diagnose PE, laboratory tests for thrombophilia, coagulation function and the availability of anticoagulants and thrombolysis agents. Results: CT pulmonary arteriography is capable in all 90 hospitals, 71.11% of the hospitals could perform ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy, 24.44% of the hospitals do not routinely perform right heart evaluation by echocardiography. Protein C and protein S activity can be detected in half of the hospitals and warfarin pharmacogenomics tests can be conducted in 40 hospitals. Immune turbidimetry was used as the detection method of D‐dimer in 72.37% hospitals. About 81.11% of participating hospitals were equipped with new novel oral anticoagulants, all of which were equipped with Rivaroxaban. Conclusion: The hospitals are capable for standardized diagnosis and management PE, while the capability of precise stratification, coagulation function tests, thrombophilia screening and pharmacogenomics requires further improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rhodium‐catalyzed system is introduced for in situ modification of biaryl‐type monophosphines with hydrosilanes through a PIII‐chelation‐assisted dehydrogenative silylation reaction. A series of ligands containing silyl groups with different steric and electronic properties were obtained with excellent regioselectivities. This method offers many advantages, including the use of commercially available phosphines, no requirement for an external ligand or oxidant, a broader substrate scope, high efficiency, and access to a single regioisomer. Based on the outstanding properties of the parent scaffolds, the silyl‐substituted phosphines serve as excellent ligands in Pd‐catalyzed asymmetric Suzuki coupling reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition‐metal‐mediated metalation of an aromatic C−H bond that is adjacent to a tertiary phosphine group in arylphosphines via a four‐membered chelate ring was first discovered in 1968. Herein, we overcome a long‐standing problem with the ortho‐C−H activation of arylphosphines in a catalytic fashion. In particular, we developed a rhodium‐catalyzed ortho‐selective C−H borylation of various commercially available arylphosphines with B2pin2 through PIII‐chelation‐assisted C−H activation. This discovery is suggestive of a generic platform that could enable the late‐stage modification of readily accessible arylphosphines. More than a ligand: A rhodium catalytic system has been established for the direct and ortho‐selective borylation of commercially available arylphosphines by PIII‐directed C−H activation. A series of ortho‐boronated phosphines with different steric and electronic properties were obtained in high yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract: A straightforward method was developed for construction of aromatic compounds with a triphenylene core. The method involves Pd‐catalyzed annulative dimerization of o‐iodobiaryl compounds by double C−I and C−H bond cleavage steps. Simple reaction conditions are needed, requiring neither a ligand nor an oxidant, and the reaction tolerates a wide range of coupling partners without compromising efficiency or scalability. Significantly, the tetrachloro‐substituted synthon, 1,6,11‐trichloro‐4‐(4‐chlorophenyl)triphenylene, can be generated and used to prepare a series of fully fused, small graphene nanoribbons by a late‐stage arylation with arylboronic acids and a subsequent Scholl reaction. The synthetic strategy enables bottom‐up access to extended π‐systems in a controlled manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural protein–protein communications, such as those between transcription factors (TFs) and RNA polymerases/ribosomes, underpin cell‐free biosensing systems operating on the transcription/translation (TXTL) paradigm. However, their deployment in field analysis is hampered by the delayed response (hour‐level) and the complex composition of in vitro TXTL systems. For this purpose, we present a de novo‐designed ligand‐responsive artificial protein–protein communication (LIRAC) by redefining the connection between TFs and non‐interacting CRISPR/Cas enzymes. By rationally designing a chimeric DNA adaptor and precisely regulating its binding affinities to both proteins, LIRAC immediately transduces target‐induced TF allostery into rapid CRISPR/Cas enzyme activation within a homogeneous system. Consequently, LIRAC obviates the need for RNA/protein biosynthesis inherent to conventional TXTL‐based cell‐free systems, substantially reducing reaction complexity and time (from hours to 10 minutes) with improved sensitivity and tunable dynamic range. Moreover, LIRAC exhibits excellent versatility and programmability for rapidly and sensitively detecting diverse contaminants, including antibiotics, heavy metal ions, and preservatives. It also enables the creation of a multi‐protein communication‐based tristate logic for the intelligent detection of multiple contaminants. Integrated with portable devices, LIRAC has been proven effective in the field analysis of environmental samples and personal care products, showcasing its potential for environmental and health monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aryl sulfides are prepared by direct sulfenylation of various compounds such as phenols, indoles, pyrazolones, and related heteroarenes in good to excellent yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A graphical abstract of the article "Three-Component Oxysulfenylation Reaction: Two Simple and Convenient Approaches to ß-Alkoxy Sulfides" by D. Wang et al. is presented.

An iodine-mediated thiolation of phenols, naphtols, or anilines with benzenesulfinates in water provides the corresponding aromatic thioethers under environment-friendly conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]