Search

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and destructive autoimmune disease that has created a global burden. However, the pathogenesis and treatment strategies of IBD remain difficult problems to overcome. The anti‐inflammatory action of anion‐dependent layered double hydroxide (LDH) is evaluated in IBD. Raw264.7 macrophages induced by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced low levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines after LDH treatment. The results from dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced murine colitis models show that LDHs significantly reduce pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the colon tissue and inhibit colon atrophy. Most importantly, LDH with NO3− as the interlayer anion (LDH‐NO3−) demonstrates superior anti‐inflammatory ability compared to LDH with Cl− as the interlayer anion (LDH‐Cl−), both in vitro and in vivo. LDH‐NO3− promotes the differentiation of CD206+CX3CR1+ lamina propria macrophages, reduces the abundance of T helper 17 (Th17) cells, and inhibits the activation of the IL‐17 signaling pathway. LDH‐NO3− also limits the pro‐inflammatory effects of IL‐17A on macrophages, and the anti‐inflammatory effects of LDH‐NO3− are reversed by IL‐17RA‐siRNA. Suggesting that LDH effectively inhibits the inflammatory reaction induced by the interaction between macrophages and Th17 cells. This study demonstrates that LDH‐NO3− is a drug‐free nanomedicine that acts against IBD, providing application prospects for LDH‐NO3− in IBD treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the cold atmospheric plasma (CAP)‐assisted cancer treatment, the electroporation of cancer cell membranes occurs under the CAP itself electric field effect, leading to changes in membrane permeability. In this paper, using classical molecular dynamics simulations, the electroporation of pure or different cholesterol‐containing phospholipid bilayer models under different pulsed electric fields was studied. The results showed that the electroporation time under a nanosecond pulsed electric field was shorter, while a picosecond pulsed electric field had a stronger penetration effect. Increasing the electric field intensity or decreasing the frequency of cholesterol contents decreased the electroporation time. Our simulation complements the related studies on electroporation under a picosecond pulsed electric field and reveals the potential mechanism of CAP‐selective cancer cell apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the plasma‐induced apoptosis of cancer cells, reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause mitochondrial enzyme dysfunction and inhibit the respiration of cancer cells. In this article, we explored the microscopic reaction mechanism between succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and the OH radicals in plasma. The results showed that the hydrogen abstraction reaction was the most basic reaction mode. The S–H bond had the highest reaction activity, and the cysteine had the highest reaction participation rate in the simulation. Increasing OH radical concentration, the damage degree of SDH increased, while the utilization rate of OH decreased. This study facilitates a new perspective of the apoptosis mechanism of cancer cells in plasma therapy and provides a reference for the clinical plasma treatment of cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elemental Tellurium (Te) is an important p‐type semiconductor with wide practical applications. It is currently of great interest as a chiral crystal with broken inversion and mirror symmetries, and its topological nature is under active discussion. Here the Shubnikov–de Haas (SdH) oscillations with a nontrivial π Berry phase and the quantum linear magnetoresistance (MR) in as‐synthesized high‐mobility Te single crystals are reported. The vapor transport grown Te shows a hollow hexagonal prism structure with tunable carrier density and high mobility of about 1000 cm2 V−1 s−1 at low temperature. For concentration p > 1017 cm−3, the conspicuous SdH oscillations map out the dumbbell‐shaped Fermi surface and the long‐standing peculiar amplitude change with varying magnetic field orientation is explained by careful quantitative analyses. Pulsed magnetic field measurements up to 57 T disclose a quantum linear MR beyond the quantum limit and the Landau fan diagram clearly reveals a topologically nontrivial π Berry phase. This work paves way for the synthesis of high‐mobility Te structures and sheds light onto the intrinsic nontrivial topology of the attractive elemental substance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The isothermal oxidation behavior of Ni–25Cr–10Fe–xSi (x = 1, 2, 3, 4 wt%) alloys at 1000°C in ambient air was investigated. The thermodynamics and kinetics of the oxidation behavior were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and the Thermo‐Calc software with the TTNI8 database. The weight gain per unit area of the four alloys showed a parabolic relationship with the oxidation time. The weight gain of the oxides decreased with the addition of larger amounts of Si from 1 to 3 wt%; however, this trend was lost when excessive addition of Si (4 wt% Si) was added. A sufficient amount of discontinuously distributed SiO2 precipitates resulted in better oxidation resistance and adhesion properties than continuous SiO2 layers. The spallation resistance of the oxide scales is believed to be mainly dependent on the distribution of the SiO2 layer rather than the content of SiO2; 3 wt% is a reasonable reference value for Si addition for improving the oxidation resistance of Ni–25Cr–10Fe alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To conduct network meta‐analysis (NMA) of clinical efficacy and safety of single‐dose antiviral drugs, grouped by dosage, in treatment of influenza. Systematic retrievals were conducted in databases, including Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Register of Clinical Trials and from the website ClinicalTrials.gov, for clinical trials recorded between the interception of the databases and March 31, 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of influenza treatment in which single‐dose antiviral drugs were administered were selected according to preset inclusion and exclusion criteria by two researchers who screened the literature independently from each other. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool. Software such as Stata 16.0 and Review Manager 5.3 was adopted for statistical analysis. Pairwise meta‐analysis and NMA were carried out under the random‐effects model. For both binary and continuous variables, odds ratio (OR), mean difference (MD) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to rank treatment efficiencies and analyze the differences. A total of 12 RCTs involving 7296 participants were included in the analysis. According to the NMA results, peramivir 300 mg (MD = −17.68, 95% CI: [−34.05, −1.32]), peramivir 600 mg (MD = −16.15, 95% CI: [−29.35, −2.95]), baloxavir (MD = −14.67, 95% CI: [−26.75, −2.58]) and laninamivir 40 mg (MD = −12.42, 95% CI: [−22.53, −2.31]) remarkably outperformed laninamivir 20 mg in time to alleviation of symptoms (TTAS). However, no intervention statistically outperform others in antipyretic time, virus titer variations against the baseline 24 and 48 h after medication and adverse events (AEs). The efficacy rankings were: peramivir 300 mg (the surface under the cumulative ranking curve [SUCRA] = 80.3%) > peramivir 600 mg (SUCRA = 76.2%) > baloxavir (SUCRA = 68.4%) > laninamivir 40 mg (SUCRA = 55.0%) > laninamivir 20 mg (SUCRA = 16.6%) for TTAS; baloxavir (SUCRA = 76.3%) > peramivir 600 mg (SUCRA = 67.8%) > laninamivir 40 mg (SUCRA = 47.2%) > laninamivir 20 mg (SUCRA = 40.0%) for antipyretic time; baloxavir (SUCRA = 96.7%) > peramivir 300 mg (SUCRA = 64.5%) ≈ peramivir 600 mg (SUCRA = 63.2%), baloxavir (SUCRA = 93.2%) > peramivir 600 mg (SUCRA = 64.0%) ≈ peramivir 300 mg (SUCRA = 55.0%), for virus titer variations against the baseline 24 and 48 h after medication, respectively; and baloxavir (SUCRA = 83.4%) > peramivir 300 mg (SUCRA = 71.4%) > laninamivir 20 mg (SUCRA = 62.4%) > peramivir 600 mg (SUCRA = 56.2%) > laninamivir 40 mg (SUCRA = 36.8%) for adverse events. Among the single‐dose anti‐influenza virus drugs compared, peramivir is superior to baloxavir and laninamivir in TTAS, whereas baloxavir has the best efficacy in antipyretic time, virus titer variations against the baseline 24 and 48 h after medication and AEs. This study has been registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), with a registration number of CRD42021238220. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is considered a promising analytical technique for the detection of analytes. Considering the practical SERS detection, it is necessary to develop low‐cost, highly sensitive, and recyclable SERS‐active substrates. Here, a simple and flexible approach is proposed to fabricate a superhydrophobic Ag‐decorated CuO (named as CuO@Ag) nanowire array substrate with analyte‐concentrating and self‐cleaning binary functions for ultrasensitive and recyclable SERS detection. During this process, a superhydrophobic CuO@Ag nanowire array is made via fabrication of a CuO nanowire array by oxidizing and calcinating an ordered porous anodic aluminum oxide template on Cu foil, and following with Ag sputtering deposition on CuO nanowire array. Remarkably, this SERS substrate exhibits ultrasensitive SERS detection ability attributed to superhydrophobic plasmonic metal nanostructured arrays with high analyte‐concentrating ability and excellent photocatalytic capability due to this metal‐semiconductor composite nanostructure. These advantageous properties allow for SERS detection of malachite green with a limit of detection of 6.73 × 10−13m and self‐cleaning via photodegradation of adsorbed analytes with visible‐light illumination. Consequently, it achieves recyclable SERS detection. This research demonstrates a simple and flexible approach for fabricating recyclable SERS‐active substrate, which expands the practical SERS applications in chemical and biological analysis, food safety, and healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In disordered transition‐metal dichalcogenide (TMD) superconductor, both the strong spin‐orbit coupling (SOC) and the disorder show remarkable effects on superconductivity. However, the features of SOC and disorder are rarely detected directly. Herein, the quantum transport behaviors arising from the interplay of SOC and disorder in the TMD superconductor 1T‐NbSeTe are reported. Before entering the superconducting state, the single crystal at low temperature shows a resistivity upturn, which is T1/2 dependent and insensitive to the applied magnetic fields. The magnetoresistance (MR) at low temperatures shows an H1/2 dependence at high magnetic fields. The characteristics are in good agreement with the electron–electron interaction (EEI) in a disordered conductor. In addition, the upturn changes and MR at low magnetic fields suggest the contribution of the weak antilocalization (WAL) effect arising from the strong SOC in the material. Moreover, the quantitative analyses of the transport features in different samples imply anomalous disorder‐enhanced superconductivity that needs to be further understood. The results reveal the disorder‐enhanced EEI and the strong SOC‐induced WAL effect in 1T‐NbSeTe, which illustrates the resistivity minimum in the widely studied doped superconductors. The work also provides insights into the disorder effect on superconductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although SCIRT has been reported to suppress breast cancer, its role in other cancers, such as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is hardly known. We predicted that SCIRT might interact with miR‐221 to target lncRNA GAS5 and analyzed the interaction between SCIRT and miR‐221 in OSCC. Methods: SCIRT and miR‐221 expression levels were quantified using RT‐qPCR. SCIRT subcellular localization was analyzed by subcellular fractionation assay. RNA pull‐down assay was applied to study the interaction between SCIRT and miR‐221. The role of SCIRT and miR‐221 in regulating GAS5 expression was analyzed by overexpression assay and RT‐qPCR. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: SCIRT and GAS5 were downregulated, while miR‐221 was overexpressed in OSCC. SCIRT was detected in both nucleus and cytoplasm and directly interacted with miR‐221, while SCIRT overexpression failed to affect miR‐221 expression. In addition, GAS5 expression was increased by SCIRT and decreased by miR‐221. Moreover, SCIRT suppressed the role of miR‐221 in suppressing GAS5 expression and OSCC cell apoptosis. Conclusion: SCIRT sponges miR‐221 to upregulate lncRNA GAS5 in OSCC and inhibit cancer cell apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this paper is to investigate the stability and transition of the Navier‐Stokes‐alpha model. By using the continued‐fraction method, combining with the dynamic transition theory, we show the existence of a Hopf bifurcation in this model as Reynolds number crosses a critical value. Upon deriving the explicit expression of a non‐dimensional number P called transition number, which is a function of the critical Reynolds number and the aspect ratio, we further analyze the transition associated with the Hopf bifurcation. More precisely, it is shown that the modeled flow exhibits either a continuous or catastrophic transition at the critical Reynolds number, whose specific type of the transition is determined by the sign of the real part of P at the critical Reynolds number, and the spatio‐temporal structure of the limit cycle bifurcated that corresponds to a wave that propagates slowly westward and is symmetric about the mid‐axis of the channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study attempted to provide the effects and mechanisms of two cannabinoids, O‐1602 and cannabidiol (CBD), on colonic motility of 2,4,6‐trinitro‐benzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) colitis. Methods: TNBS was used to induce the model of motility disorder. G protein‐coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) expression was detected using real‐time PCR and immunohistochemistry in colon. Pro‐inflammatory cytokines and myeloperoxidase were also measured. The colonic motility was measured by upper GI transit in vivo and recorded using electrical stimulation organ bath technique in vitro. Freshly isolated smooth muscle from the rat colon were applied to determine the membrane potential and Ca2+‐ATPase activity, respectively. Key Results: CBD or O‐1602 separately improved inflammatory conditions significantly in TNBS‐induced colitis rats. However, sole CBD pretreatment reduced GPR55 expression, which was up‐regulated in TNBS colitis. O‐1602 and CBD each lowered MPO and IL‐6 levels remarkably in TNBS colitis, while TNF‐α levels experienced no change. CBD rescued the downward colonic motility in TNBS colitis in vivo; however, it decreased the upward contraction of the smooth muscle strip under electrical stimulation in vitro. Pretreatment with CBD prevented against TNBS‐induced changes of Ca2+‐ATPase activity of smooth muscle cells. However, membrane potential of the smooth muscle cells decreased by TNBS experienced no change after O‐1602 or CBD import. Conclusions & Inferences: The present study suggested that CBD participated in the regulation of colonic motility in rats, and the mechanisms may be involved in the regulation of inlammatory factors and Ca2+‐ATPase activity through GPR55. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatitis B can cause acute or chronic liver damage due to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) caused by chronic HBV infection often leads to increased mortality. However, the gut and liver have the same embryonic origin; therefore, a close relationship must exist in terms of anatomy and function, and the gut microbiota plays an important role in host metabolic and immune modulation. It is believed that structural changes in the gut microbiota, bacterial translocation, and the resulting immune injury may affect the occurrence and development of liver inflammation caused by chronic HBV infection based on the in-depth cognition of the concept of the "gut-liver axis" and the progress in intestinal microecology. This review aims to summarize and discuss the immunologic role of the gut microbiota in chronic HBV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The equations are corrected as: 1 HT ht 2 HT ht The definition of I i in Section 2.5 relating to Equation (2) also contained an error, and is corrected as: HT ht . Quantum Linear Magnetoresistance and Nontrivial Berry Phase in High-Mobility Elemental Tellurium In Equation (1), the minus sign in the exponent is added; in Equation (2) and the definition for I i , the sign before the I i symbol is corrected to a minus sign. [Extracted from the article]

The formation of electroporation helps to kill cancer cells in plasma-assisted treatment. B Outside Front Cover b : Under the electric field effect of plasma, the cancer cell membrane was deformed to form water bridge across the cell membrane, and eventually led to the formation of perforation. Increasing the electric field intensity, decreasing the frequency speed up this process, and the reduction of cholesterol in cancer cells is the key to the selectivity of plasma. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the study of the simple hydrothermal growth method and electronic transport property which is applied to synthesis bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) single-crystalline microplates. Topics discussed include the observed nonlinear resistivity in the resistivity versus excitation, way to fabricate size-controllable BiOCl samples and the synthesis of BiOCl.

The utilization rate of the OH radicals decreased increasing OH concentration, while the damaging effect was weakened. B Outside Front Cover b : The OH radicals in cold atmospheric plasma cause irreversible damage to the configuration of succinate dehydrogenase. Hydrogen abstraction reaction is the basic way of OH oxidation damage to SDH. [Extracted from the article]