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Power electronic switches (PES) play a crucial role in transferring and clearing fault currents in hybrid DC circuit breakers. The PES encounters switching transients that require a dependable external power source. Usually, a power supply system utilizes an isolation transformer and many magnetic rings. However, the existence of inconsistent parameters might easily cause an imbalance in load power, which could potentially result in power supply failure for the loads. Therefore, to enhance the reliability of power supply, this study proposes a load constant voltage self‐balancing design approach that utilizes feedback circuits to achieve stability and balance in load voltage. At first, two feedback circuits are shown, and the analytical formulas for load active power and load voltage are derived. Moreover, a parameter design methodology is shown for the equivalent circuit of the magnetic rings in the power supply. Additionally, a power supply system is built with 24 V outputs. In conclusion, this study utilizes simulations and tests to assess the effectiveness of the proposed power supply system by analysing its performance during start‐up, load power‐off, and steady‐state operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the high cost of ultra‐pure water supply and the mismatch between water sources and renewable energy distribution, the large‐scale production of green hydrogen through seawater electrolysis has generated significant interest. This presents an attractive potential technology within the framework of carbon‐neutral energy production. However, owing to the complex composition of seawater, particularly the competitive oxidation reactions and corrosion issues involving Cl−, seawater electrolysis has suffered from low selectivity and poor stability in oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which severely impact the efficiency of hydrogen production and hinder the practical applications. To further promote in‐depth research and practical applications of seawater electrolysis, this review introduces the principles, key advantages, and challenges of seawater electrolysis. Specifically, the design strategies are categorized for highly active OER electrocatalysts for seawater electrolysis, including catalyst design, design of chemical reaction systems, and other special process design. To ensure long‐term operational stability of seawater electrolysis, various strategies such as employing self‐supporting materials, surface protection strategies, and electrolyzer design, are discussed. Finally, current challenges and future prospects for the industrialization of seawater electrolysis are proposed and discussed. It is expected that this review provides new insights for large‐scale seawater‐based hydrogen production in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroelectric photoelectric devices show promising applications in artificial vision systems. However, this type of devices used in artificial vision systems exhibits low photoresponsivity and this limited cyclability of photocurrents, which hinders the progress of artificial vision systems. In this study, an artificial vision system is constructed with high photoresponsivity, fast photoresponse speed, and high read/write speed based on the Pd/PbZr0.4Ti0.6O3/La0.3Sr0.7MnO3/LaAlO3 ferroelectric photomemristor. The high optical response (18.86 nanoamperes) and read/write speeds (50 nanoseconds) of the device significantly improve the robustness and speed of the neuromorphic visual system while reducing power consumption for recognition. The artificial vision system developed in this study provides excellent real‐time image processing capabilities, including edge detection and classification with 100% accuracy for musical key patterns, and it is expected to offer great potential for the development of high‐performance self‐powered artificial vision systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) are a biomarker of chronic active lesions (CALs), and an important driver of neurological disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). The reason subtending some acute lesions evolvement into CALs is not known. Here we ask whether a relatively lower oxygen content is linked to CALs. Methods: In this prospective cross‐sectional study, 64 people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), clinically isolated syndrome and radiologically isolated syndrome underwent a 7.0 Tesla (7 T) brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The scanning protocol included a T2‐w fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), and a single echo gradient echo from which susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) was derived. WM lesions were identified on the T2‐w‐FLAIR whilst PRLs were identified on the SWI sequence. T2‐lesions were classified as PRLs and rimless lesions (PRLs‐). We registered a universal vascular atlas to each subject's T2‐w‐FLAIR and classified each T2‐lesions according to its location into watershed‐ (ws), non‐watershed‐ (nws), and mixed‐lesion (m). Ws‐lesions were defined as lesions that were fully located in a region between the territories of two major arteries. Results: Out of 1,975 T2‐lesions, 88 (4.5%) were PRLs. Ws‐regions had a higher number (p = 0.005) and proportion (p < 0.001) of PRLs‐ compared to nws‐regions. Ws‐PRL‐ were larger compared to nws‐ones (p = 0.009). The number (p = 0.043) and proportion (p < 0.001) of PRLs was higher in ws‐regions compared to nws‐ones. Ws‐PRLs were not significantly larger than nws‐ones (p = 0.195). Interpretation: We propose the novel concept of a link between arterial vascularization and chronic activity in MS by demonstrating a preferential localization of CALs in ws‐territories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional pseudo‐satellite‐based indoor positioning techniques are greatly affected by the presence of multipath effects, leading to a notable reduction in the positioning precision. In order to tackle this challenge, a pseudo‐satellite indoor positioning method based on deep learning is proposed. The method grids the localization region, thus transforming positioning from a regression problem to a classification problem in the gridded areas. 1D‐convolutional neural network is employed to extract the correlation between pseudo‐satellite data and the positioning of indoor areas. Data are collected and the method is validated in three types of areas of the experimental field, namely unobstructed area, semi‐unobstructed area and obstructed area. The experimental results demonstrate that the method exhibits superior positioning accuracy compared to traditional methods, enabling effective localization even in obstructed area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) breaks through the resolution limitations of conventional optical systems, which offer a full‐field view and high resolution without additional mechanical scanning. However, conventional image‐domain optimizations require trade‐offs between correction efficacy, data redundancy, and reconstruction accuracy. Furthermore, the existing linear time‐invariant model for actual nonlinear, time‐varying optical systems leads to forward model mismatch, complicating the corrections of the vignetting effect. To overcome these challenges and achieve stitching‐free FPM, a family of forward wavelet‐transform models (WL‐FPM) is proposed. WL‐FPM employs the reversibility of the wavelet transform for high‐fidelity reconstruction in the multiscale feature domain. The wavelet loss function is updated in each iteration, and non‐convex optimization is solved by complex back diffraction. WL‐FPM offers stitching‐free, high‐resolution, and robust reconstruction under various challenging conditions, including vignetting effects, LED position mismatch, intensity fluctuations, and high‐level noise environments, which outperform conventional FPM methods. Under a 4X objective with NA 0.1, WL‐FPM achieves a 435‐nm resolution and stitching‐free full‐field reconstruction of a 3.328 × 3.328 mm2 pathological section with distinct subcellular organelles. In live cell imaging, it provides a full‐field observation with distinct lipids in a single cell. A large number of simulation and experimental results demonstrate its potential for biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The array of tactile information processing capabilities is an important index for modern intelligent devices advancing toward a humanoid form, and it greatly improves the recognition of different objects in human‐computer interactions. Herein, a deep‐learning‐assisted intelligent grasping recognition system based on a piezoresistive sensing glove, hardware conditioning, and acquisition circuits, and a multibranch deep‐capsule network is reported. Owing to the multiscale 3D structure of carbon nanotube (CNTs)/carbon fiber (CFs) embedded in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), the piezoresistive sensing glove is highly sensitive to the pressure exerted by external objects. The acquired signals are reflected on a hand‐like background map, and a combination of multiple subgraphs is used to build the dataset. A multibranch deep‐capsule network is constructed to encode spatial information while realizing object recognition with an accuracy of 99.4%. Therefore, the proposed intelligent grasping recognition system possesses good human‐robot interaction capabilities, providing a new approach for the development of intelligent robots in the field of perceptual recognition applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Replacing the slow protonation process of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with the fast protonation of alcohol electro‐oxidation can decrease the driving potentials, thus improving overall efficiency of electrochemical devices. However, the formation of effective catalytic sites for alcohol oxidation remains challenging in accelerating protonation to inhibit metal leaching and improve catalyst stability. Herein, asymmetric Ni‐O‐Cr sites are constructed by alloying Cr into the NiO matrix to optimize coordination environments, showing significantly enhanced stability during alcohol electro‐oxidation. The asymmetric Ni‐O‐Cr can maintain constant valence states of Cr and Ni during alcohol oxidation, efficiently suppressing metal dissolution even at high oxidation potentials. In situ electrochemical characterizations combined with theoretical calculations indicate that asymmetric Ni‐O‐Cr can improve adsorption and activation of OH* and alcohol molecules compared to pure NiO, thus increasing anodic kinetics. The theoretical results also indicate that the smaller gap of Ni 3d‐O 2p in asymmetric Ni‐O‐Cr strengthens charge transfer, leading to fast protonation of catalytic sites with enhanced stability. This work gives insights into boosting anodic protonation using asymmetric sites‐enriched solid‐solution electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seawater hydrogen production, vital for sustainable energy solutions and freshwater preservation, faces challenges due to seawater complexity and high energy consumption. A strategy to modulate dehydrogenation kinetics of dual‐phase metal nitrides using low‐loaded Pt quantum dots (QDs), achieving stable and energy‐efficient hydrogen generation is introduced. The Pt QDs@Ni3N‐MoN/Ti catalyst displays outstanding bifunctional seawater catalytic performance, enabling efficient hydrogen production and hydrazine degradation in a flow anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) device. Operating at a low voltage of 1.41 V, it achieves 2 A cm−2 for 300 h, circumventing chlorine corrosion and yielding record‐breaking energy equivalent input (2.68 kWh m−3 H2 at 1 A cm−2), a 47.1% reduction compared to traditional methods. Integration with solar and biomass energy facilitates self‐powered hybrid seawater hydrogen production, highlighting its potential applications. This work facilitates energy‐efficient marine resource conversion to green hydrogen and offers viable insights into industrial hazardous pollutant degradation using metal‐nitride electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Appropriate treatment of mass‐produced degraded batteries is desired to alleviate resource waste and environmental pollution caused by direct disposal. However, current technologies, which aim to recycle high‐value components from degraded batteries to refabricate new batteries, suffer from complex destruction‐refabrication processes and massive energy/resource inputs. Here it is found that without disassembling the degraded battery, the lost capacity is rejuvenated to its pristine state by simply applying electrical activation at a controlled voltage. It is shown that repeated application of electrical activation regenerates 22 life cycles for zinc‐ion batteries, increasing the total discharge energy by 78 times. The capacity rejuvenation by electrical activation originates from the transformation of redox‐inert Zn‐Mn‐O by‐products on the degraded cathode to redox‐active Mn‐O nanoribbons, which recovers diffusion kinetics of Zn2+/H+ charge carriers. Simultaneously, the dendrites on the degraded anode are flattened to prevent short circuits while maintaining the electrolyte integrity. The electrical activation strategy is extendable to other batteries, such as lithium batteries, promising tremendous economic and environmental benefits. Besides, electrical activation rejuvenates implanted batteries to avoid the pain and hazards of replacing degraded batteries with conventional surgeries. This work presents a general and commercially viable route to treat degraded batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a sustainable valorization route, electrochemical glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) involves in formation of key OH* and selective adsorption/cleavage of C−C(O) intermediates with multi‐step electron transfer, thus suffering from high potential and poor formate selectivity for most non‐noble‐metal‐based electrocatalysts. So, it remains challenging to understand the structure–property relationship as well as construct synergistic sites to realize high‐activity and high‐selectivity GOR. Herein, we successfully achieve dual‐high performance with low potentials and superior formate selectivity for GOR by forming synergistic Lewis and Brønsted acid sites in Ni‐alloyed Co‐based spinel. The optimized NiCo oxide solid‐acid electrocatalyst exhibits low reaction potential (1.219 V@10 mA/cm2) and high formate selectivity (94.0 %) toward GOR. In situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and pH‐dependence measurements show that the Lewis acid centers could accelerate OH* production, while the Brønsted acid centers are proved to facilitate high‐selectivity formation of formate. Theoretical calculations reveal that NiCo alloyed oxide shows appropriate d‐band center, thus balancing adsorption/desorption of C−O intermediates. This study provides new insights into rationally designing solid‐acid electrocatalysts for biomass electro‐upcycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical surgical catheters are widely used in the medical field for drug delivery or postoperative drainage. However, infections associated with local temperature rise often occur at the catheter‐tissue interface, resulting in irreversible pathological damage, cognitive behavioral abnormalities, or even an increased risk of mortality if not monitored in time. Herein, an in situ temperature‐sensing hydrogel coating on the outer surface of medical surgical catheters for real‐time infection monitoring is developed. The hydrogel coating exhibits a record temperature coefficient of resistance of 2.90% °C−1 and maintains stable in vivo. Besides, the hydrogel layer forms a mechanically compatible catheter‐tissue interface and minimizes the risk of inflammatory responses due to its tissue‐like softness (Young's modulus of 4.24 kPa). By applying it in the early detection of infections in the brain of SD rats, the individual survival rate has increased to 90% with timely intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical C–C and C–N coupling reactions with the conversion of abundant and inexpensive small molecules, such as CO2 and nitrogen‐containing species, are considered a promising route for increasing the value of CO2 reduction products. The development of high‐performance catalysts is the key to the both electrocatalytic reactions. In this review, we present a systematic summary of the reaction systems for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction, along with the coupling mechanisms of C–C and C–N bonds over outstanding electrocatalytic materials recently developed. The key intermediate species and reaction pathways related to the coupling as well as the catalyst‐structure relationship will be also discussed, aiming to provide insights and guidance for designing efficient CO2 reduction systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The excessive use of nonrenewable energy has brought about serious greenhouse effect. Converting CO2 into high‐value‐added chemicals is undoubtedly the best choice to solve energy problems. Due to the excellent cost‐effectiveness and dramatic catalytic performance, nickel‐based catalysts have been considered as the most promising candidates for the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR). In this work, the electrocatalytic reduction mechanism of CO2 over Ni‐based materials is reviewed. The strategies to improve the eCO2RR performance are emphasized. Moreover, the research on Ni‐based materials for syngas generation is briefly summarized. Finally, the prospects of nickel‐based materials in the eCO2RR are provided with the hope of improving transition‐metal‐based electrocatalysts for eCO2RR in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its short radiation length, moderate light output (8000‐9000 photons/MeV), high density (7.13 g cm−3), and non‐hygroscopicity, etc., Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO) material has been widely utilized as an advanced scintillator for irradiation detection. However, pure BGO cannot meet the requirements for future physics experiments and state‐of‐art industrial facilities coupled with a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) due to its slow response time, poor radiation resistance, and excessive light output. Herein, a Ce‐doping strategy is reported for efficiently improving the overall performance (e.g., irradiation resistance, decay time, radioluminescence, and light output) of BGO that can be expectedly applied in future high energy physics detection. Ce‐doped BGO (BGO:Ce) displays higher radiation resistance ability under 10 h UV irradiation (97% of original) and a faster fluorescence lifetime (269 ns), superior to pure BGO. Furthermore, BGO:Ce shows ≈30% luminescence intensity of pure BGO, well eliminating the oversaturation of SiPM coupled with scintillation detectors. Theoretical calculations imply that an intense competition between electron or hole traps and Ce ions (Ce3+, Ce4+) can effectively reduce the concentration of color centers, thus enhancing irradiation resistance ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared to the Haber–Bosch (H–B) process for ammonia synthesis with massive emission of greenhouse CO2 and necessary harsh reaction conditions, the electrocatalytic NO3− reduction (NO3RR) for ammonia synthesis under ambient temperature and pressure driven by renewable electricity has attracted great attention. NO3RR is also a promising route to construct nitrogen cycles utilizing NOx produced from industrial and agricultural operations. Cu‐based catalyst is one of the most promising platforms for this reaction. This perspective shows the latest understanding and research advances on the NO3RR by Cu‐based electrocatalysts. Through a deep analysis on the rate‐limiting step of NO3RR, the strategies of overcoming the deactivation and enhancing the performance of Cu‐based catalysts are discussed. The great significance of synergistic NOx and H activation in promoting the key kinetic step of electrocatalytic NO3RR by single‐atom, oxide, bimetallic of Cu on the catalytic reaction site construction with tunable adsorption of N‐containing intermediate and active H is stressed. Also, future challenges and perspectives toward coupling reaction of nitrate reduction catalyzed by Cu‐based catalysts are proposed. This perspective can move forward the future research on electrocatalytic NO3RR to ammonia synthesis over advanced Cu‐based electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neutral zinc‐air batteries are considered potential wearable energy storage devices due to their high theoretical energy density, superior safety, and low cost. However, the current performance of neutral zinc‐air batteries is severely influenced by the zinc anodes. The pure zinc anode can be comminuted during charge and discharge cycles due to its unstable electrode structure, resulting in the failure of electrical contact. As a result, the battery exhibits low capacity and short cycle life. In addition, the pure zinc anodes show slow reaction kinetics in neutral electrolytes, which causes the battery to perform low power density and poor energy efficiency. Besides, pure zinc anodes own high bending stiffness, which cannot meet the demands for powering flexible electronics. Herein, a new kind of hybrid zinc/carbon nanotube fiber anode with a stable electrode structure, high reaction activity, as well as high flexibility is proposed to produce high‐performance neutral zinc‐air batteries. The fabricated fiber battery showed a high specific capacity and maximum power density of 645.3 mAh g−1 and 615.8 mW g−1, respectively. Furthermore, a high energy efficiency of 71% is achieved, the highest among the reported neutral zinc‐air batteries. The entire fiber battery is highly flexible, highlighting its potential for wearable energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urea electrolysis can convert urea from urea‐rich wastewater to hydrogen for environmental protection and sustainable energy production. However, the sluggish kinetics of urea oxidation reaction (UOR) requires valence‐variable sites that are generally active at high anodic overpotentials. Herein, a robust ceramic coating is constructed with coupled tungsten nitride (WN)/nickel carbide (Ni3C) nanoparticles to achieve valence‐stable catalytic sites with outstanding UOR performance. Various characterization results indicate strong interfacial electron transfer from WN to Ni3C in coupled nanoparticles, which enables reservation of Ni2+ sites without self‐oxidation during UOR, quite distinct from the kinetically slow Ni3+OOH‐catalyzed UOR pathway. Theoretical calculations show that the coupled effect in WN/Ni3C leads to enhanced electron transfer from catalytic sites to adsorbed urea, and W sites are thermodynamically favorable for UOR. This efficiently lowers the barrier of rate‐determining step (RDS: *CO‐N2 → *CO·OH), thus enabling fast UOR kinetics and a low potential of 1.336 V at 100 mA cm−2, which identifies this ceramic coating as one of the best UOR electrocatalysts. This work opens a new avenue for design of stable and active sites in ceramics coatings toward advanced electrocatalytic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydrogen spillover effect has garnered considerable attention as a promising avenue to enhance the activity of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in metal‐support compound materials. Herein, Pt atom dimers on the NiOOH support are successfully synthesized with a reversed hydrogen spillover effect, demonstrating much better alkaline HER activity than Pt single atoms and Pt clusters. Atomic and electronic structure characterizations unequivocally verify the anchoring of Pt atom dimers on NiOOH through Pt─O bonds, thus obtaining a reversed and enhanced hydrogen spillover effect. Theoretical and experimental results indicate that NiOOH exhibits pronounced water dissociation capability, while the Pt atom dimers, in comparison to Pt single atoms and Pt clusters, demonstrate superior hydrogen desorption ability. The reversed spillover with Pt atom dimers leads to remarkable HER activity in alkaline solutions, as evidenced by an ultra‐small overpotential of 13 mV at 10 mA cm−2. These findings not only provide insights into the potential use of atom dimers for HER, but also shed light on reversed spillover in designing high‐performance catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All‐solid‐state Li metal batteries (ASSLBs) using inorganic solid electrolyte (SE) are considered promising alternatives to conventional Li‐ion batteries, offering improved safety and boosted energy density. While significant progress has been made on improving the ionic conductivity of SEs, the degradation and instability of Li metal/inorganic SE interfaces have become the critical challenges that limit the coulombic efficiency, power performance, and cycling stability of ASSLBs. Understanding the mechanisms of complex/dynamic interfacial phenomena is of great importance in addressing these issues. Herein, recent studies on identifying, understanding, and solving interfacial issues on anode side in ASSLBs are comprehensively reviewed. Typical issues at Li metal/SE interface include Li dendrite growth/propagation, SE cracking, physical contact loss, and electrochemical reactions, which lead to high interfacial resistance and cell failure. The causes of these issues relating to the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of Li metal and SEs are systematically discussed. Furthermore, effective mitigating strategies are summarized and their effects on suppressing interfacial reactions, improving interfacial Li‐ion transport, maintaining interfacial contact, and stabilizing Li plating/stripping are highlighted. The in‐depth mechanistic understanding of interfacial issues and complete investigations on current solutions provide foundations and guidance for future research and development to realize practical application of high‐performance ASSLB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared to traditional modulation by metal cations doping, oxyanions offer a higher possibility of mediating the performance of electrocatalysts toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to their special polyanion configurations and large electronegativity. However, the mechanism and rules of oxyanions mediation remain poorly understood. Herein, an in situ electrochemical oxyanion (NO3−, PO43−, SO42−, or SeO42−) steering strategy to study the variation and rules of OER performance for transition‐metal (TM = Ni, Fe, Co) hydroxide electrocatalysts is reported. Electrocatalytic experiments indicate both activity and stability of oxyanion‐modified TM hydroxides follow the order of PO43− > NO3− > SO42− > SeO42−. Electrochemical incorporation of PO43− or NO3− improves activity and stability of TM hydroxides. Conversely, SO42− or SeO42− doping significantly accelerates TM leaching and thus impairs OER performance. Theoretical calculations reveal that electrochemical oxyanion doping simultaneously modulates TM‐O covalency and TM‐3d band centers, correlating with TM stability and OER activity of TM hydroxides. This research constructs an oxyanion‐mediated rule for designing high‐performance electrocatalysts toward energy transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its excellent modularity and scalability, the cascaded H‐bridge solid‐state transformer (CHB SST) is a prominent candidate for interconnecting different grids in future hybrid ac/dc distribution systems. However, the CHB SST's large number of power switches are potential sources of faults that can disrupt the system's normal operation. Among other failure modes, a power switch open‐circuit fault (OCF) in a dual active bridge (DAB) module in the SST can result in overcurrent and previously ignored DAB high‐frequency transformer (HFT) saturation issues. The fault is generally addressed by installing redundant modules or additional devices, which would increase the cost, size, and complexity of the system. Based on the OCF analysis presented in this paper, a fault‐tolerant scheme using dc current injection and phase shift ratio adjustment is proposed to maintain the CHB SST operation with maximum remaining bidirectional power transfer capability of the faulty DAB. The overcurrent and HFT saturation issues are also eliminated. The proposed scheme features less cost and volume as compared with module redundancy methods. Moreover, it does not require modifications in the configuration and implementation of the SST. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme are verified through a 4.8 kVA CHB SST experimental platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li metal anode is considered as one of the most desirable candidates for next‐generation battery due to its lowest electrochemical potential and high theoretical capacity. However, undesirable dendrite growth severely exacerbates the interfacial stability, thus damaging battery performance and bringing safety concerns. Here, an efficient strategy is proposed to stabilize Li metal anode by digesting dendrites sprout using a 3D flexible superlithiophilic membrane consisting of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and ZnCl2 composite nanofibers (PZEM) as a protective layer. Both the experimental studies and theoretical calculations show the origin of superlithiophilicity ascribed to a strong interaction between ZnCl2 and PVDF to form the ZnF bonds. The multifield physics calculation implies effective removal of local dendrite hotspots by PZEM via a more homogeneous Li+ flux. The PZEM‐covered Li anode (PZEM@Li) exhibits superior Li deposition/stripping performance in a symmetric cell over 1100 cycles at a high current density of 5 mA cm−2. When paired with LiFePO4 (LFP), PZEM@Li|LFP full cell remains stable over 1000 cycles at 2 C with a degradation rate of 0.0083% per cycle. This work offers a new route for efficient protection of Li metal anode for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mn+1AXn (MAX) phases are a family of nanolaminated ternary carbide/nitride, which are generally investigated as high‐safety structural materials, but their direct applications on electrocatalysis is still far from reality. Here, it is shown that by taking the advantages of self‐reconstruction, a unique class of MAX phases of V2(Sn, A)C (A = Ni, Co, Fe) can be adopted as efficient catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The specific single‐atomic‐thick (Sn, A) layers within V–C networks in V2(Sn, A)C are highly flexible to react with electrolyte. As a result, the V2(Sn, Ni)C (VSNC) can maintain bulk crystalline structure, and merely encounter surface reconstruction to generate Ni‐based oxyhydroxide accompanying with the self‐doping of V and Sn elements under alkaline OER condition. The surface‐reconstructed VSNC exhibits significantly enhanced OER performance to that of reconstructed Ni nanopowder and V2SnC. Density functional theory simulations indicate that the doping of Sn/V into γ‐NiOOH leads to the change of reaction pathway of alkaline OER, while the introduction of V can reduce the reaction barrier to facilitate the OER process. This study exhibits a new functionality of a unique MAX phase toward OER, which puts forward the potential applications of MAX phase materials in electrocatalysis and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth cations (e.g., Bi3+, Bi2+) are very promising non‐rare‐earth activators in persistent luminescence (PersL) materials. Recently, much work has been devoted to modulating the host structures and defects to obtain high‐intensity luminescence and/or tunable excitation and emission bands of Bi‐activated persistent phosphors. A timely review on Bi‐based PersL phosphors would be highly attractive for future materials' design and applications. The present review discusses the recent advances in Bi‐activated PersL phosphors with focus on the structure–defect–property relationships. Firstly, the basic ionic configurations of Bi cations as an activator are discussed in detail, followed by the classification as well as elaboration of Bi‐activated PersL phosphors according to emission wavelength. Then, the modulation strategies of PersL through adjusting the local structures are highlighted, which include defect engineering and theoretical prediction. These strategies allow for the effective regulation of PersL in Bi‐activated phosphors that have extensively been explored in information storage, X‐ray imaging, stress sensing, anti‐counterfeiting, etc. Finally, future challenges and perspectives toward Bi‐activated PersL phosphors are proposed. This review provides solid guidelines of designing diverse PersL materials with tunable properties for various optical applications in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this letter, a novel digital predistortion (DPD) model for broadband power amplifier (PA) linearization is proposed, namely Attention Mechanism based Bidirectional Long Short‐term Memory Network (AM‐BiLSTM) model. In order to verify the linearization performance of the AM‐BiLSTM model in digital predistortion process, a 100 MHz bandwidth 5G new radio (5G NR) signal is employed to test a sub‐6G PA operating at 2.6‐GHz. The experimental results show that the adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) of the PA with AM‐BiLSTM model can be improved by 24 dB which is 6 dB and 3 dB better than the generalized memory polynomial (GMP) model and the Chebyshev polynomials LSTM (CP‐LSTM) model in ref [1], repspectively. Therefore, the proposed AM‐BiLSTM model is very effective for the DPD linearization of broadband PAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular structural modifications are utilized to improve the short‐circuit current (JSC) of high‐voltage organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Herein, the classic non‐fullerene acceptor (NFA), BTA3, is chosen as a benchmark, with BTA3b containing the linear alkyl chains on the middle core and JC14 fusing thiophene on the benzotriazole (BTA) unit as a contrast. The photovoltaic devices based on J52‐F: BTA3b and J52‐F: JC14 achieve wider external quantum efficiency responses with band edges of 730 and 800 nm, respectively than that of the device based on J52‐F: BTA3 (715 nm). The corresponding JSC increases to 14.08 and 15.78 mA cm−2, respectively, compared to BTA3 (11.56 mA cm−2). The smaller Urbach energy and higher electroluminescence efficiency guarantee J52‐F: JC14 a decreased energy loss (0.528 eV) and a high open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.07 V. Finally, J52‐F: JC14 combination achieves an increased power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.33% than that of J52‐F: BTA3b (PCE = 9.81%) and J52‐F: BTA3 (PCE = 9.04%). Overall, the research results indicate that subtle structure modification of NFAs, especially introducing fused rings, is a simple and effective strategy to extend the photoelectric response, boosting the JSC and ensuring a high VOC beyond 1.0 V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, two different quantization control laws are proposed for the single‐link manipulator system with horizontal motion and input signal quantization. Considering the characteristics of distributed parameters of the flexible system, the dynamic model of the system is represented by partial differential equations (PDEs) and boundary conditions. One of the control laws is proposed to follow the desired time‐varying joint angle and eliminate boundary deformation of the link simultaneously. The other control law is proposed to track the required constant angle and suppress the distributed deformation of the link. The two control schemes can not only guarantee the stability of the system but also meet the control requirements under the premise of input signal quantization. Numerical simulations are provided to verify the performance of the controller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large current‐driven alkaline water splitting for large‐scale hydrogen production generally suffers from the sluggish charge transfer kinetics. Commercial noble‐metal catalysts are unstable in large‐current operation, while most non‐noble metal catalysts can only achieve high activity at low current densities <200 mA cm−2, far lower than industrially‐required current densities (>500 mA cm−2). Herein, a sulfide‐based metallic heterostructure is designed to meet the industrial demand by regulating the electronic structure of phase transition coupling with interfacial defects from Mo and Ni incorporation. The modulation of metallic Mo2S3 and in situ epitaxial growth of bifunctional Ni‐based catalyst to construct metallic heterostructure can facilitate the charge transfer for fast Volmer H and Heyrovsky H2 generation. The Mo2S3@NiMo3S4 electrolyzer requires an ultralow voltage of 1.672 V at a large current density of 1000 mA cm−2, with ≈100% retention over 100 h, outperforming the commercial RuO2||Pt/C, owing to the synergistic effect of the phase and interface electronic modulation. This work sheds light on the design of metallic heterostructure with an optimized interfacial electronic structure and abundant active sites for industrial water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biofuel cells that can convert the chemical energy of biomass such as glucose into electricity are expected to continuously obtain energy from living organisms and solve bottlenecks of energy supply for implanted electronics. However, the use of biofuel cells is limited mainly by the sharp drop in performance after implanting in living organisms caused by biofouling and electrode surface inactivation. Herein, a simple and effective strategy to overcome these problems by designing a porous antifouling interface on biofuel cells, is demonstrated. It resists the biofouling from body fluid while sustaining reactant penetration, and also enhances immobilization of enzymes. As a result, the biofuel cell can maintain almost 100% performance after implanting in living organisms, and a maximal output power of 76.6 mW cm‐3 is achieved in vivo, which is ≈96 times of the highest performance reported to date. This strategy is universal and can be extended to the other electronic devices such as electrochemical sensors, which presents a new avenue for developing high‐performance implanted electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc (Zn) metal is considered the promising anode for "post‐lithium" energy storage due to its high volumetric capacity, low redox potential, abundant reserve, and low cost. However, extravagant Zn is required in present Zn batteries, featuring low Zn utilization rate and device‐scale energy/power densities far below theoretical values. The limited reversibility of Zn metal is attributed to the spontaneous parasitic reactions of Zn with aqueous electrolytes, that is, corrosion with water, passive by‐product formation, and dendrite growth. Here, a new ion‐selective polymer glue coated on Zn anode is designed, isolating the Zn anode from the electrolyte by blocking water diffusion while allowing rapid Zn2+ ion migration and facilitating uniform electrodeposition. Hence, a record‐high Zn utilization of 90% is realized for 1000 h at high current densities, in sharp contrast to much poorer cyclability (usually < 200 h) at lower Zn utilization (50–85%) reported to date. When matched with the vanadium‐based cathode, the resulting Zn‐ion battery exhibited an ultrahigh device‐scale energy density of 228 Wh kg−1, comparable to commercial lithium‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proposed to be the critical enabling component for future distribution networks, solid‐state transformers (SSTs) have drawn much attention lately. They have a massive potential to help reduce size and weight, improve efficiency, integrate microgrids, renewables and energy storages in distribution systems, and can fulfil multiple grid functions such as bidirectional power flow control, fault isolation, system reconfiguration, and post‐fault restoration. The introduction of these power electronics devices in distribution systems, however, also brings new challenges to the grid. Extra levels of electromagnetic interference, stray current, and personnel safety are among the most prominent practical issues that proper grounding arrangements can address. In this paper, considerations that should be factored into the grounding scheme design for SST ports with different voltage forms and levels are thoroughly reviewed and summarised. The characteristics of various grounding schemes used in AC and DC distribution systems are evaluated and compared in detail from different perspectives. Based on the comprehensive review, several combinations of grounding schemes are recommended for typical SSTs. In addition, the inclusion of new relay protection devices in the SST grounding scheme design, considering their characteristics and unique requirements, to enhance protection and reliability is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In this article, we investigate the problem of nonlinear modeling and adaptive boundary vibration control with actuator failure for a flexible rotatable manipulator in three‐dimensional space, which is made up of a rotatable base and a flexible manipulator. In order to accurately reflect the characteristics of the distributed parameters, the Hamilton principle is introduced to derive the dynamic model expressed by partial differential equations (PDEs). Based on the model, an innovative boundary control scheme is proposed to eliminate the deflection and vibration simultaneously, and to guarantee that the rotatable base and the flexible manipulator can track the desired angle respectively. The adaptive law is developed to estimate the loss of the actuator. The effectiveness of the designed controller is verified from both theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suppressing the Pt dissolution still remains a big challenge in improving the long‐term stability of Pt‐based catalysts in electrochemical energy conversion. In this work, the degradation of Pt nanoparticles is successfully suppressed via weakening the Pt–O dipole effect by adjusting the electronic structure of surface Pt atoms. The specially designed graphitic‐N‐doped carbon nanosheets with balanced N content and graphitization degree as well as fewer defects are prepared for anchoring Pt nanoparticles to enhance the electronic metal–support interaction. This can accelerate the electron transfer from Pt to substrate, decrease the surface electron density of Pt, and attenuate the Pt–O interaction. As a result, the rate of Pt dissolution decreases by 95% compared to that of commercial Pt/C toward the oxygen reduction reaction and thus the catalytic stability is significantly improved in the electrochemical accelerated durability test. The theoretical simulation shows that the inhibition of surface Pt dissolution is attributed to the enhanced energy barrier in the initial relaxation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To tackle the global energy scarcity and environmental degradation, developing efficient electrocatalysts is essential for achieving sustainable hydrogen production via water splitting. Modulating the d‐band center of transition metal electrocatalysts is an effective approach to regulate the adsorption energy of intermediates, alter reaction pathways, lower the energy barrier of the rate‐determining step, and ultimately improve electrocatalytic water splitting performance. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in modulating the d‐band center for enhanced electrocatalytic water splitting is offered. Initially, the basics of the d‐band theory are discussed. Subsequently, recent modulation strategies that aim to boost electrocatalytic activity, with particular emphasis on the d‐band center as a key indicator in water splitting are summarized. Lastly, the importance of regulating electrocatalytic activity through d‐band center, along with the challenges and prospects for improving electrocatalytic water splitting performance by fine‐tuning the transition metal d‐band center, are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mg‐air batteries are explored as the next‐generation power systems for wearable and implantable electronics as they could work stably in neutral electrolytes and are also biocompatible. However, high corrosion rate and low utilization of Mg anode largely impair the performance of Mg‐air battery with low discharge voltage, poor specific capacity and low energy density. Here, to the best of our knowledge, we first report a dual‐layer gel electrolyte to simultaneously solve the above two problems by preventing the corrosion of Mg anode and the production of dense passive layer, respectively. The resulting Mg‐air batteries produced an average specific capacity of 2190 mAh g−1 based on the total Mg anode (99.3 % utilization rate of Mg anode) and energy density of 2282 Wh kg−1 based on the total anode and air electrode, both of which are the highest among the reported Mg‐air batteries. Besides, our Mg‐air batteries could be made into a fiber shape, and they were flexible to work stably under various deformations such as bending and twisting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to greenhouse gas emission restrictions and environmental protection requirements, the treatment of SO2 and Perfluorinated compound gas has become a problem in the aluminum electrolysis industry. Based on the density functional theory, the adsorption mechanisms of SO2 and CF4 on the surface of clean α‐Al2O3 (0001) were studied. Using projected augmented wave/Perdew‐Burke‐Ernzerhof for calculation, it can be found that SO2 is adsorbed to form an AlO1SO2 structure, and the most stable adsorption energy is −1.52 eV. The adsorption of SO2 is mainly due to the action of π‐p orbitals and the partial contribution of sp2 hybrid orbitals and s orbitals. The most stable adsorption energy of CF4 is −0.38 eV, and it is difficult to transfer charge on the surface. Overall, SO2 is chemisorbed on the clean surface, while CF4 is physisorbed, and their coadsorption with H2O is disadvantageous to the adsorption reaction. These results are very important for understanding the adsorption mechanism of CF4 and SO2 on alumina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a design of a medium‐voltage current source inverter (CSI) and a conventional voltage source inverter (VSI) is presented for high‐power (1 MW) photovoltaic (PV) applications. The characteristics of a new 1700 V/1600 A reverse‐blocking insulated‐gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) in the CSI are compared with the same generation of IGBT device in the VSI. The passive components design, including ac‐ and dc‐side filters, are developed based on a given design procedure. Power loss analysis is demonstrated to compare the CSI efficiency with the VSI's in the specified power range. Simulation and experimental results for the operation and control of the CSI in grid‐connected PV application in the central power range show the effectiveness of the proposed CSI and the possibility of applying it as a viable topological candidate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]