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Products from peanut seeds are nutritious for human and/or animal consumption. Peanut seed nutritional quality is determined by the genotype (G) of cultivars or accessions, environmental conditions (E), and their interactions (G × E). To evaluate the effects of genotype, environment, and their interactions on seed nutritional quality, 52 peanut germplasm accessions, which vary in oil content and fatty acid composition, were planted at three locations (Citra, FL; Byron, GA; and Clovis, NM) for 2 years (2017 and 2018). The harvested seeds were analyzed for protein, oil, and fatty acid composition using an N analyzer, nuclear magnetic resonance, and gas chromatography, respectively. Significant effects of accession, FAD2 gene, where FAD is fatty acid desaturase, location, year, and their interactions on the investigated traits were evaluated. The average oil content from accessions grown in Florida (51.1%) or Georgia (50.7%) was significantly higher than those grown in New Mexico (45.8%), whereas the average protein content from accessions grown in Florida (23.2%) was significantly lower than those grown in New Mexico (25.4%) or Georgia (24.8%). This is expected as there is a negative correlation between oil and protein content. After genotyping and classification (A/A, A/W, and G/W) for the FAD2A/FAD2B genes, the nutritional quality variations were further evaluated at the levels of the specific haplotype of FAD2A/FAD2B and explicit environmental index. The average prediction accuracy of seed nutritional quality trait values from the prediction model demonstrated that predicting trait values in new environments is feasible. The results of this study provide insights into the seed nutritional analysis, germplasm evaluation, and peanut breeding, cultivation, and production to peanut breeders, curators, farmers, and product processors. Core Ideas: Genotype, environment, and their interactions affect peanut seed nutritional quality.The FAD2A/FAD2B gene (F) effect significantly alters seed fatty acid composition.Location (L) effect significantly changes seed oil and protein content.Photothermal time may be a good parameter for representing the growing location environmental conditions for data analysis.Recommendation was given to farmers and processors on how to cultivate the right peanut varieties and purchase the right seeds from specific regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motion recognition (MR)‐based somatosensory interaction technology, which interprets user movements as input instructions, presents a natural approach for promoting human‐computer interaction, a critical element for advancing metaverse applications. Herein, this work introduces a non‐intrusive muscle‐sensing wearable device, that in conjunction with machine learning, enables motion‐control‐based somatosensory interaction with metaverse avatars. To facilitate MR, the proposed device simultaneously detects muscle mechanical activities, including dynamic muscle shape changes and vibrational mechanomyogram signals, utilizing a flexible 16‐channel pressure sensor array (weighing ≈0.38 g). Leveraging the rich information from multiple channels, a recognition accuracy of ≈96.06% is achieved by classifying ten lower‐limb motions executed by ten human subjects. In addition, this work demonstrates the practical application of muscle‐sensing‐based somatosensory interaction, using the proposed wearable device, for enabling the real‐time control of avatars in a virtual space. This study provides an alternative approach to traditional rigid inertial measurement units and electromyography‐based methods for achieving accurate human motion capture, which can further broaden the applications of motion‐interactive wearable devices for the coming metaverse age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advancement of smart cities and intelligent industries has accentuated the necessity for reliable indoor communication and precise indoor positioning. In response, this paper presents an innovative integrated system for indoor visible light communication and positioning, designed to facilitate robust communication and pinpoint accuracy in positioning for indoor applications. We incorporate multiband carrierless amplitude and phase (m $m$CAP) modulation to mitigate interference between communication and positioning subcarriers. Unlike the conventional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing‐based subcarrier modulation (OFDM‐SCM), m $m$CAP demonstrates reduced out‐of‐band interference and a diminished peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR). Moreover, we introduce the frequency domain optical zero correlation zone (FD‐OZCZ) code, integrated within the m $m$CAP signal to optimize the distribution of positioning subcarriers. Simulation outcomes substantiate that our proposed m $m$CAP, augmented with FD‐OZCZ, outperforms OFDM‐SCM systems in delivering reliable communication and exceptional positioning accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gait is a typical habitual human behavior and manifestation of personality. The unique properties of individual gaits may offer important clues in the assessment of personality. However, assessing personality accurately through quantitative gait analysis remains a daunting challenge. Herein, targeting young individuals, standardized gait data are obtained from 114 subjects with a wearable gait sensor, and the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTl) personality scale is used to assess their corresponding personality types. Artificial intelligence algorithms are used to systematically mine the relationship between gaits and 16 personality types. The work shows that gait parameters can indicate the personality of a subject from the four MBTI dimensions of E‐l, S‐N, T‐F, and J‐P with a concordance rate as high as 95%, 96%, 91%, and 91%, respectively. The overall measurement accuracy for the 16 personality types is 88.16%. Moreover, a personality tracking experiment on all the subjects after one year to assess the stability of their personality is also conducted. This research, which is based on a smart wearable Internet of Things gait sensor, not only establishes a new connection between behavioral analysis and personality assessment but also provides a set of accurate research tools for the quantitative assessment of personality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Grief‐related beliefs play an important role in bereavement adjustment. This study aimed to investigate the patterns and correlates of grief‐related beliefs among recently bereaved adults (n = 311). Latent class analysis results suggested three meaningful grief belief classes could be identified: the High grief belief class (24.1%), Predominantly counterfactual thoughts class (42.4%), and Low belief class (33.4%). Members in the High grief belief class reported the highest levels of grief symptoms, depression and PTSD symptoms, loneliness, and functional impairment. Compared with the Low belief class, unmarried people, people in poor health, individuals who lost parents, partners, or children, and those who experienced violent or unexpected death were more likely to belong to the High grief belief class. Findings of this study support the importance of examining grief‐related cognitions in research and clinical practice, especially counterfactual thoughts about the death, which may need to be specifically screened and targeted in treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than 120 million mice and rats are used yearly for scientific purposes. While tracking their motion behaviors has been an essential issue for the past decade, present techniques, such as video‐tracking and IMU‐tracking have considerable problems, including requiring a complex setup or relatively large IMU modules that cause stress to the animals. Here, we introduce a wireless IoT motion sensor (i.e., weighing only 2 g) that can be attached and carried by mice to collect motion data continuously for several days. We also introduce a combined segmentation method and an imbalanced learning process that are critical for enabling the recognition of common but random mouse behaviors (i.e., resting, walking, rearing, digging, eating, grooming, drinking water, and scratching) in cages with a macro‐recall of 94.55%. An interactive preprint version of the article can be found at: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.166005321.10787501/v1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bereavement during the COVID‐19 pandemic may have some unique characteristics that become potential risk factors (e.g., absence of grief rituals, no opportunity to say goodbye to the deceased and loneliness caused by social distancing) for acute grief. Avoidance processes could be significant mediators in the context of the pandemic. The current study aimed to investigate whether and how these COVID‐19‐related risk factors were related to acute grief severity. Bereaved adults (n = 319) who lost significant others during the COVID‐19 pandemic completed a self‐report questionnaire package measuring COVID‐19‐related factors, grief severity and depressive and anxious avoidance. Regression analyses suggested that among the three potential risk factors (loneliness, grief rituals and opportunity to say goodbye), loneliness was significantly associated with acute grief after controlling for basic demographic and loss‐related information. Structural equation models suggested that depressive avoidance and anxious avoidance partially mediated the associations of loneliness with acute grief severity. The findings indicate that dealing with loss during the COVID‐19 pandemic warrants further exploration concerning how potential environmental risk factors may impede adaptation to loss. Depressive and anxious avoidance processes may play important roles in grief interventions for isolated and lonely bereaved people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The operation of disconnectors in gas insulated substation (GIS) or power plant will produce very fast transient overvoltage (VFTO), which is considered to have serious harm to transformer longitudinal insulation and other high‐voltage equipment insulation. VFTO may also lead to secondary circuit failure. In this paper, the holistic modelling of 500 kV GIS step‐up substation equipment with a double circuit and long GIS busbar in a coastal power plant is established using Electromagnetic Transient Program (EMTP). The authors calculated the VFTO waveform that may be generated in different operations of the GIS substation. The authors analyze the amplitude and frequency characteristics of the VFTO waveform at lightning arresters and the entrance of transformers and find that the amplitude of VFTO at the entrance of #1 MT is less than its impulse withstand voltage. In some cases, the VFTO waveform at the entrance of #1 MT has high‐frequency content with fast attenuation. The VFTO waveform generated when operating the disconnector close to the arrester will cause the arrester to act many times and count frequently in a short time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the influences of beam height and side‐to‐midspan ratio on the mechanical characteristics of straddle monorail large‐span continuous steel truss rail beams, the first phase of Wuhu Rail Transit Line 2, a section of continuous steel truss rail beams, is taken as the engineering background. The specific numerical values of the beam heights and side‐to‐midspan ratios of some large‐span bridges, which have been built in China and abroad, are analyzed and counted. Combined with the unique characteristics of continuous steel truss rail beams, the two design variables of side‐to‐midspan ratio and beam height are scientifically valued. The two‐variable direct grid search method is used, and the finite element software Midas Civil is employed to calculate and analyze the mechanical properties of the selected structural system. The main beam deflection, vertical fundamental frequency, beam end corner, and six other aspects are taken as the research focus of the optimization analysis. The above six aspects coordinate bridge strength, stiffness, and stability. They also consider comprehensively and enhance the scientificity of the results. Data indicate that when the side‐to‐midspan ratio and beam height are small, it is beneficial to the structural stress and deformation. However, to prevent the occurrence of the reaction force of the support, the side‐to‐midspan ratio should be greater than 0.2; when the beam height is constant, the ratio increases from 0.56 to 0.74, and the safety factor increases by about 14%. The side‐to‐midspan ratio of 0.56 and the beam height of 1.86 m are the recommended solutions. The scheme features reasonable structural stress and deformation, material saving, and low cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The key to controlling harmonics in high‐speed railways is to get information on its harmonic feature. In this study, a continuous 24 h harmonic observation is carried out in Ji'an West traction substation of a typical Chinese high‐speed railway. In both the 24 h operating period and the two train driving processes, the features of harmonics of 27.5 kV buses are studied under multiple operating modes, which finds that the voltage and the current harmonic content mainly consist of low‐order harmonics below the 11th order with high‐order harmonics that ranges from 13th to 31st and 89th to 99th order. The law that the harmonic distribution changes with the load current is derived. Calculation results show a power function relationship between total harmonic distortion and bus current. In regenerative braking modes, the harmonic content is higher than traction with less high‐order harmonics. Finally, the authors find an admittance matrix coupling between the 3rd to the 31st order harmonic voltage and current for simplified modelling of the harmonic transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wearing masks has been a recommended protective measure due to the risks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) even in its coming endemic phase. Therefore, deploying a "smart mask" to monitor human physiological signals is highly beneficial for personal and public health. This work presents a smart mask integrating an ultrathin nanocomposite sponge structure‐based soundwave sensor (≈400 µm), which allows the high sensitivity in a wide‐bandwidth dynamic pressure range, i.e., capable of detecting various respiratory sounds of breathing, speaking, and coughing. Thirty‐one subjects test the smart mask in recording their respiratory activities. Machine/deep learning methods, i.e., support vector machine and convolutional neural networks, are used to recognize these activities, which show average macro‐recalls of ≈95% in both individual and generalized models. With rich high‐frequency (≈4000 Hz) information recorded, the two‐/tri‐phase coughs can be mapped while speaking words can be identified, demonstrating that the smart mask can be applicable as a daily wearable Internet of Things (IoT) device for respiratory disease identification, voice interaction tool, etc. in the future. This work bridges the technological gap between ultra‐lightweight but high‐frequency response sensor material fabrication, signal transduction and processing, and machining/deep learning to demonstrate a wearable device for potential applications in continual health monitoring in daily life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the dawn–dusk asymmetrical distribution of quasi‐dc earthward Poynting flux (EPF) in the dayside polar cap of the Northern Hemisphere based on 3 years of observations at ∼850 km made by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F17. The satellite data have been sorted by low (Kp ≤ 2) and high (Kp > 2) geomagnetic activity, as well as the orientation and strength of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) By and Bz components, binned by magnetic latitude, and magnetic local time. Statistical results show that the enhanced convection electric field favors the asymmetrical EPF distribution. Asymmetrical distribution characteristics are summarized as (a) there are mainly two enhanced EPF regions, near dawn and cusp and the mean EPF is 28% larger on the dawn than on the dusk for all IMF and Kp conditions. (b) The mean EPF for high Kp is 3 times greater than that for low Kp in the dayside polar cap. The enhanced EPF shifted from near the dawn for low Kp to near the cusp for high Kp. The EPF is also larger on the dawn than on the dusk for high Kp. (c) The EPF of the dayside polar cap is significantly enhanced as the IMF strength increases. Under IMF By+, EPF is greater on the dawn than on the dusk. The opposite is true under IMF By−. The IMF Bz− favors enhanced EPF and the EPF on the dawn (dusk) reaches its maximum for IMF By+ and Bz− (IMF By− and Bz−). Key Points: The dawn–dusk asymmetrical distribution of earthward Poynting flux (EPF) in the dayside polar cap of the Northern Hemisphere is presentedDependence of the asymmetrical distribution of EPF on geomagnetic activities and interplanetary magnetic field By/Bz orientations and strengths has been studiedStatistical results indicate that the asymmetrical distribution of EPF is strongly related to the convection electric field [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cu/Ti laminated sheets with heterogeneous Ti layers are successfully fabricated by accumulative roll bonding (ARB). The microstructure during processing is characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). During the deformation of the constituent metals, the hard Ti layers neck preferentially but with a continuous layered structure. Upon four ARB cycles, there are five Ti layers with different microstructure states and grain sizes (from 1.3 to 0.5 μm) in the ARB4 sample. Tensile test of ARB4 sample indicates excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, compared with pure Cu and pure Ti, it has higher ultimate tensile strength (508 MPa), and the elongation (9.2%). In the result of loading–unloading–reloading test, there is a strain gradient during the tensile process due to heterogeneous existence of Ti layers, which produces a multilevel hetero‐deformation‐induced (HDI) stress strengthening and improves the coordinated deformation ability of the sample. Second, layered structure and interface with alternate strong and weak bonding can effectively hinder the propagation of cracks to outline higher strength with improved ductility. This structural design helps to prepare laminated materials sheet with excellent comprehensive mechanical properties through the ARB process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yucca schidigera extract (YE) can decrease ammonia concentration in livestock housing, which could be associated with the inhibition of urease. The aim of this study was to investigate the other possible reasons of dietary YE supplementation reducing nitrogen emission in weaned piglets. A total of 14 crossbred weaned barrows were allotted into two groups fed the diets supplementing 0 and 120 mg/kg YE for 14 days. The YE administration decreased F/G ratio and hindgut NH3‐N production in weaned piglets (p < 0.05). Dietary YE supplementation decreased serum urea nitrogen levels, and increased nutrient digestibility, which could be related to the improvement of morphology, digestive and absorptive enzyme activities, and nutrient transporter mRNA expression in jejunal mucosa of weaned piglets (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of tight junction proteins, mucins and apoptosis‐related genes was also improved by YE treatment in jejunal mucosa of weaned piglets (p < 0.05). In addition, dietary YE supplementation regulated the microbiota structure and volatile fatty acid content in distal intestine of weaned piglets (p < 0.05). These results suggest that YE administration can decrease hindgut NH3–N production in weaned piglets, which is associated with the increased nutrient utilization and gut‐barrier function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eyewear displays have been gradually adopted in entertainment, industrial, and medical applications. The optical performance and image quality of the eyewear displays are required to be precisely evaluated and quantified. This challenges the conventional light measuring devices since the displays are viewed in an immersed environment and at a much closer viewing distance from the display to the eye. In eyewear display, measurement within the eye box and the LMD to mimic the eyeball movement is the first step to ensure an accurate measurement. This paper explained the difference of eyeball location in LMD measurement. The comparison between the eye pupil center and eyeball rotation center which are currently included in the IEC 63145 series standards is discussed. We experimented with the setups in the measurement system and set eye rotation at the pupil and at the eyeball center for contrast ratio and Michelson contrast. The experimental results were discussed to understand the differences between eye pupil center rotation and eyeball center rotation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The location of the entrance pupil, field of view, and motion of the viewer's eye is frequently discussed for virtual reality/augmented reality (VR/AR) displays. In order to properly measure optical performance of these displays, the light measuring device (LMD) must simulate the characteristics of the human eye. An important factor to consider is the location of the entrance pupil (aperture stop setting) of the LMD. We compared field of view (FOV) and luminance deviations with various pupil entrance locations at the LMD in this paper. As a result of the experiment, the entrance pupil at the front focal point of the LMD was the best choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high‐latitude dawn‐dusk asymmetrical distribution of the Mean Total Electron Content (MTEC) in the northern hemisphere was statistically investigated using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) vertical TEC data in 2014. In the geomagnetic latitude (MLAT)/geomagnetic local time (MLT) coordinate system, the local time of 0 hr ≤ MLT < 12 hr is defined as the dawn, and 12 hr ≤ MLT < 24 hr is defined as the dusk at MLAT is greater than 70°. The sunlit high‐density plasma at lower latitudes in the postnoon sector is the primary source of the asymmetrical MTEC distribution that the duskside MTEC is larger than the dawnside. Except for summer, the diurnal variations of the dusk‐dawn difference (DMTEC) and dusk‐dawn ratio (DDR) have two peaks and two valleys. The DMTEC and DDR also have significant seasonal variation, which is the greatest in spring (2.9TECu and 22.2%) and the smallest in summer (1.0TECu and 9.2%). The DMTEC and DDR depend significantly on the Kp index and the direction of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). Except for the DMTEC in spring, the DMTEC and DDR are larger during disturbed times than during quiet times. Except for IMF Bz > 0 in summer, the DMTEC and DDR are larger when IMF By < 0 than those when IMF By > 0, especially in spring and winter. Key Points: The high‐latitude dawn‐dusk asymmetrical distribution of ionospheric plasma in the northern hemisphere was observed based on Global Navigation Satellite System TEC dataSources of the sunlit high‐density plasma at lower latitudes in the postnoon sector are responsible for the asymmetrical distributionThe direction of IMF By and Kp index exert a significant effect on the dawn‐dusk asymmetry distribution [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large screens used in stadiums, shopping malls, and movie theaters typically have multiple viewers looking at them simultaneously. The quantification of these displays' image quality would require more considerations of measurements at different locations to satisfy the multiviewing condition. In this paper, we describe the practical implementation method involved in the current standardization activities. Additionally, a vantage point measurement method is studied. In the actual use case scenarios, the vantage point method is more appropriate. This method mimics the viewing behavior of audiences. The displays we measured were laser projection and LED. The method shows validity in both displays. Using the vantage point method, the experimental data show that the existing large displays may have very prominent differences in luminance and chromaticity at different viewing locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. NLRP3 inflammasome has an essential role in the neuropathology of stroke. Recent studies report that shifting the microglial M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype protects against ischemic stroke. In the present study, the precise effects of Tranilast, a NLPR3 inflammasome inhibitor, on stroke were evaluated. We established a murine model of distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO) and administered Tranilast to dMCAO‐induced stroke mice. The NLRP3 level, caspase 1 activity, and infarct volume stroke mice were measured. The sensorimotor function, pro‐inflammatory cytokine production, and M1/M2 marker expression were measured. The M1 phenotype was induced by treatment of BV2 microglia with lipopolysacharide and interferon γ, and these BV‐2 cells were further treated with Tranilast. The expression of CD16 and CD206 was monitored. dMCAO increased the NLRP3 expression and enhanced caspase 1 activity. Tranilast treatment significantly decreased the infarct volume, improved sensorimotor function, and suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines in stroke mice. Moreover, Tranilast decreased the M1 marker level while promoting the expression of M2 markers. In summary, our findings suggest that Tranilast ameliorates ischemic stroke through stimulating M2 polarization of microglia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Typical Beliefs Questionnaire (TBQ) assesses common grief‐related cognitions, which demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties in a treatment‐seeking sample with prolonged grief disorder (PGD). Chinese shidu parents (bereaved parents over the age of 49 who have lost their only child) are at a high risk of PGD. The current study aimed to examine psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the TBQ (TBQ‐C) in a community sample of shidu parents with and without PGD, to compare this to the original validation clinical sample in the United States bereaved of any close relationship and to consider its use as a clinical tool. We examined the rate of positive endorsement, factor structure, internal consistency and validity of the TBQ‐C in 310 community‐based shidu parents (including 102 who met the criteria for PGD). Results showed that the rate of positive endorsement for each item ranged from 7.2% to 48.6% among non‐PGD participants and from 20.6% to 92.2% among PGD participants. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the original five‐factor structure fit both the non‐PGD and PGD shidu parents. The TBQ‐C showed acceptable internal consistency and satisfactory convergent and concurrent validity in both groups. It had good discriminant validity and can be helpful in distinguishing shidu parents with and without PGD. The TBQ‐C can be used to investigate common grief‐related beliefs that may be problematic for both shidu parents with and without PGD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Napier grass is a tropical perennial C4 grass with superior biomass yield and quality. It is an important forage crop and a promising feedstock for lignocellulosic biofuel production. However, precise phenotyping and genotyping data to support the molecular breeding of Napier grass are scarce. A Napier grass F1 mapping population (segregating pseudo‐F2 population) was generated by hybridizing genetically distant parents (N190 × N122) with contrasting flowering‐time‐ and biomass‐related traits. True F1 hybrids were confirmed with a simple sequence repeat marker, vegetatively propagated, and phenotyped in replicate field plots for 2 years (2 harvests per year) in Citra, FL, USA (29.40N). Near‐normal distributions were observed for flowering date, plant height, number of tillers, stem diameter, and leaf width, confirming the quantitative nature of these traits. The annual dry biomass yield of F1 hybrids varied between 21.0 and 41.1 t ha−1. The highest‐yielding F1 hybrids showed remarkable hybrid vigor exceeding the annual biomass production of the highest‐yielding parental accession (26.9 t ha−1) by 52% and the biomass yield of the control "Merkeron" cultivar (29.2 t ha−1) by 41% over 2 years. F1 hybrids with delayed flowering time along with significantly increased biomass yield were also identified. Late‐flowering accessions allowed maximum biomass harvest before formation and dispersal of seeds, reducing invasion risk. The developed mapping population will be an excellent resource for identifying quantitative trait loci and candidate genes for flowering‐ and biomass‐related traits in Napier grass that will accelerate the improvement of this non‐domesticated bioenergy crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Main observation and conclusion: Six new meroterpenoids, bipolarinoids A—F (1—6), and two known congeners (7—8) were isolated from a soil‐derived fungus Bipolaris zeicola. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic techniques (including HRESIMS and 1D and 2D NMR data), and the absolute configurations of 1—4 were further confirmed via single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and comparison of experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data. Structurally, compound 1 represents the first case of cochlioquinone derivatives featuring a formaldehyde group at C‐11, and compound 3 features a rare amino group at C‐11. In the immunosuppressive activity assay, compounds 5—8 showed potent inhibitory activity against concanavalin A (ConA)‐induced T lymphocyte proliferation with IC50 values of 78.3, 81.1, 48.3, and 48.0 nmol/L, respectively, which provided promising leads for designing and developing new immunosuppressive agents to treat auto‐immunological diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conventional display measurements are no longer satisfying the need for eyewear displays. The measurement of VR/AR type display requires light measuring devices (LMDs) to simulate the characteristics of the human eye. Factors like the position of the pupil, field of view, and the motion of the eye are often discussed. One of the factors to be considered is the choice of entrance pupil location (aperture stop setting) of the LMD. In this paper, a preliminary study was carried out to compare the deviations of FOV and luminance with the choice of entrance pupil location. The experiment demonstrated that it exists as the most accurate eye‐viewing when the entrance pupil is located at the front focal point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The laser display system consists of a laser projector and a screen, and its image quality depends not only on the output image of the projector. Still, it is also closely related to the screen's performance and the installation geometries, including distance, projection ratio, inclination angle, etc. Recently, IEC TC110 Electronic Displays has published the international standard of Measuring Methods of Image Quality for Laser Projection Displays (IEC 62906‐5‐3:2021). This IS contains the requirements of measuring environmental conditions, optical measuring equipment, installation and alignment of the screen, test patterns, measurement point locations, and procedures. This paper will introduce the practical implementation methods of the measurement methods involved in the standard. At the same time, the measurement method based on audience viewpoints is studied, so the measurement is more in line with the actual laser display applications. The results of both methods were compared, especially for the Fresnel lens screen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer seriously impairs human health and survival. Many perturbations, such as increased oxidative stress, pathogen infection, and inflammation, promote the accumulation of DNA mutations, and ultimately lead to carcinogenesis. Tea is one of the most highly consumed beverages worldwide and has been linked to improvements in human health. Tea contains many active components, including tea polyphenols, tea polysaccharides, L‐theanine, tea pigments, and caffeine among other common components. Several studies have identified components in tea that can directly or indirectly reduce carcinogenesis with some being used in a clinical setting. Many previous studies, in vitro and in vivo, have focused on the mechanisms that functional components of tea utilized to protect against cancer. One particular mechanism that has been well described is an improvement in antioxidant capacity seen with tea consumption. However, other mechanisms, including anti‐pathogen, anti‐inflammation and alterations in cell survival pathways, are also involved. The current review focuses on these anti‐cancer mechanisms. This will be beneficial for clinical utilization of tea components in preventing and treating cancer in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a novel all‐fiber probe with 710‐μm outside diameter for combined optical coherence tomography and pH detection. In cancer surgery, a significant challenge is how to completely remove the malignant tumor without cutting too much normal tissue. The difference between cancer tissue and normal tissue not only lies in morphology and structure but also in tissue pH, where malignant tissue has a lower pH. This dual‐modality probe combined optical coherence tomography and pH detection of biological tissue, is expected to determine whether the tissue is cancerous quickly and accurately. The probe utilizes a typical three‐segment structure (double‐clad fiber ‐ no‐core fiber ‐ graded‐index fiber). We obtained a lateral resolution of ~10.6 μm, a working distance of ~506 μm and a pH measurement accuracy of 0.01 pH unit for the probe. The performance of the all‐fiber probe was verified through an ex vivo experiment using the porcine brain specimen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The network sampling rate is important in the overhead transmission line monitoring system. A larger sampling rate can provide more available monitored data to be transmitted, which can effectively improve the response speed to emergency events of the overhead transmission line system. Considering the harsh environment of the overhead transmission line wireless network, quality‐of‐service (QoS) requirement becomes an important issue for multi‐hop transmission. Thus, in this paper, an end‐to‐end delay optimisation algorithm for string‐topology multi‐hop wireless network is proposed, by which the maximum packet arrival rate and the allowable maximum sampling rate of network can be obtained with desirable soft QoS guarantees. Based on the IEEE 802.11 standards and the basic probability theorem, a novel end‐to‐end delay performance analytical model is firstly proposed. Then, combined with the derived analytical model, an end‐to‐end delay optimisation algorithm by maximising the packet arrival rate is developed. Finally, a numerical study of a string‐topology multi‐hop network is presented to verify the effects of packet arrival rate, backoff contention window size, hop number, data packet size on the end‐to‐end delay performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An interspecific peanut hybrid population was generated from a cross between Arachis diogoi, a wild species with resistance to spotted wilt, and "Gregory", a susceptible cultivar. The objectives of the study are to identify successful introgression of A. diogoi's genome and to evaluate the spotted wilt resistance in the introgression population. Sixty‐three putative introgression lines were genotyped using 137 polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers, out of which 14 markers located on seven of the 20 peanut chromosomes showed introgression of A. diogoi genome into at least one of the introgression lines. In addition, genotyping by sequencing of a subset of the population revealed SNP loci displaying introgression of A. diogoi genome on every chromosome of the A sub‐genome of the introgression lines, with the most introgressed loci on chromosome A05. Several introgression lines showed consistent spotted wilt resistance, suggesting successful genomic introgression of A. diogoi contributing to the resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The level of oleic acid is an important parameter in determining seed nutritional quality and oil stability. The level of oleic acid in peanut is genetically controlled by a pair of fatty acid desaturase genes (FAD2A and FAD2B), but the environmental conditions of the production sites can also have a significant effect. To investigate the effect of gene and environment interaction, 45 accessions were grown at three locations for 2 years. Environmental data were collected; individual plants were genotyped with functional SNP markers from FAD2A and FAD2B; and seed level of oleic acid was determined by gas chromatography. Three FAD2A/FAD2B genotypes (448G/no insertion 442A, 448A/no insertion 442A, and 448A/insertion 442A) were identified and designated as G/W, A/W, and A/A, respectively. A/A genotype averaged the highest level of oleic acid (80.0%), followed by A/W (56.0%), and then G/W (40.7%). Analysis of gene and environment interaction revealed that oleic acid phenotype plasticity could be explained by the interaction of FAD2 genotype and photothermal time, which quantified environmental conditions. The A/W genotype was the most sensitive to photothermal time changes. The oleic acid plasticity revealed in this study would be useful for breeders, farmers, and product processors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to evaluate the effects of maternal vitamin E (VE) dietary supplementation on the egg characteristics, hatchability and antioxidant status of the embryo and newly hatched chicks of prolonged storage eggs. A total of 576 75‐week‐old Ross 308 breeder hens were randomly allocated into three dietary VE treatments (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) with 6 replicates of 32 hens, for a 12‐week feeding trial. At week 12, a total of 710 eggs were collected over a 5‐day period, and eggs per treatment were attributed into 5 replicates and stored for 14 days until incubation. The egg yolk, trunk and head of 7‐day‐old embryo and the serum, liver, brain and yolk sac of newly hatched chicks were sampled for the evaluation of antioxidant status. Results showed that as maternal dietary VE levels increased, yolk α‐tocopherol concentration increased (p <.05). Compared with 100 mg/kg VE, the use of 200 and 400 mg/kg VE increased the hatchability of set/fertile eggs and total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) of liver and serum in chicks (p <.05), and decreased both the early embryonic mortality and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of trunk and head in 7‐day‐old embryos (p <.05); moreover, 400 mg/kg VE increased the yolk T‐AOC (p <.05) and decreased yolk and brain MDA content of chicks (p <.05). Brain T‐AOC of chicks in 200 mg/kg VE group was improved compared to that of chicks in 100 mg/kg VE group (p <.05). In conclusion, maternal dietary VE at 200 or 400 mg/kg could increase hatchability by decreasing early embryonic mortality and increasing the antioxidant status of egg yolk, embryo and newly hatched chicks as breeder egg storage was prolonged to 14–18 days. The suitable VE level for the broiler breeder diet was 200 mg/kg as breeder egg storage was prolonged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Viruses in the genus Mastrevirus (family Geminiviridae), including those infecting sugarcane, have natural geographical ranges almost exclusively restricted to Africa and the Indian Ocean islands off the African coast. Only sugarcane white streak virus (SWSV) in Barbados and sugarcane striate virus (SStrV) in Florida and Guadeloupe are known to infect a few sugarcane varieties in the Western Hemisphere. In this study, PCR assays were developed to detect these two viruses in sugarcane. Five hundred and seventy‐one DNA samples from Saccharum species and interspecific hybrids from the Miami World Collection of sugarcane and related grasses were tested for the presence of SStrV and SWSV by PCR. No variety was found infected by SWSV but SStrV was detected in 19 varieties. PCR data were confirmed by sequencing amplified fragments (248 bp). These fragments shared 93%–100% nucleotide identity with SStrV sequences from the GenBank database. SStrV isolates were distributed in six phylogenetic groups, including the four strains of the virus. Most varieties infected by SStrV originated from Asia, thus confirming a previous hypothesis stating that this virus originated from this continent. Absence of SStrV in commercial sugarcane in Florida also suggested that this virus has not been spread in this location, while infected plants have been present for several decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We have previously found that the energy level in sows affects the activation of primordial follicles. Glucose is the primary metabolic substrate of dietary energy and its effect and mechanism of action with regards to the activation and development of primordial follicle remain unclear. Studies utilizing several different animal cells have shown that energy stress, induced by glucose starvation, activates AMPK and participates in a variety of cellular processes by regulating the Hippo and mTOR signaling pathways. However, whether glucose can affect primordial follicle activation through the above pathways has not been reported. Methods: We developed an in vitro culture system for mouse ovaries to investigate the effects of glucose on the primordial follicle activation. Protein expression of AMPK‐Hippo‐YAP and AMPK‐mTOR pathway was investigated under glucose starvation and optimal glucose level treatment. Then, ovaries were treated with AICAR or Compound C in vitro to explore the effect of AMPK activation or inhibition on primordial follicle activation, and the changes of AMPK‐Hippo‐YAP and AMPK‐mTOR signaling pathways. Finally, investigated the signaling pathways affected by glucose potentially affecting the primordial follicle activation in vivo. Results: The glucose was an essential nutrient for primordial follicle activation and we identified 25 mM glucose as the optimal level (P <.05) for the primordial follicle activation in vitro. The glycolysis pathway was involved in primordial follicle activation (P <.05) of ovaries cultured in vitro. The glucose affected the activation of primordial follicles in vitro through AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway by AMPK activation or inhibition treatment and follicle ratio count (P <.05). Moreover, glucose affected the primordial follicle activation of ovary in vivo via mTOR signaling pathway. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that glucose affects the primordial follicle activation through the AMPK/mTOR rather than the AMPK/Hippo signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of oregano essential oil (EO) on growth performance, nutrients utilization, intestinal morphology, intestinal barrier‐related gene expression and antioxidant capability in meat ducks. A total of 360 1‐day‐old ducks were divided into three groups (12 replicates pens per diet of 10 ducks in each pen): negative control (no essential oil or antibiotic), positive control (antibiotic: 500 mg/kg aureomycin of diet) and oregano EO (100 mg/kg of diet). The experiment was carried out for 35 days. Ducks were given feed and water ad libitum. Ducks fed EO supplement showed similar body weight and feed to gain ratio to antibiotic fed ducks. EO supplementation significantly increased (p <.05) feed intake (day 1–35), jejunal villus height (VH) to crypt depth (CD) ratio, serum superoxide dismutase activities (SOD) and jejunal total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) of ducks compared to controls. Ducks fed diets supplemented with oregano EO also had decreased (p <.05) jejunal CD, serum and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and the mRNA expression of jejunal zonula occludens‐3 (ZO‐3) and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) genes in comparison to the control group. Compared to the antibiotic supplementation group, the mRNA expression of claudin1 (CLND1) and CLND2 significantly increased (p <.05), but the mRNA expression of ZO‐3 and mucin 2 markedly decreased (p <.05) in the jejunum of ducks in oregano EO supplementation group. These results suggest that oregano EO improves the antioxidant capacity and intestinal defence and structural measures and may aide in helping to maintain enteric health in production without growth‐promoting antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is an important forage grass for cultivating livestock worldwide. Here, we report an ~1.84‐Gb chromosome‐scale diploid genome assembly of orchardgrass, with a contig N50 of 0.93 Mb, a scaffold N50 of 6.08 Mb and a super‐scaffold N50 of 252.52 Mb, which is the first chromosome‐scale assembled genome of a cool‐season forage grass. The genome includes 40 088 protein‐coding genes, and 69% of the assembled sequences are transposable elements, with long terminal repeats (LTRs) being the most abundant. The LTRretrotransposons may have been activated and expanded in the grass genome in response to environmental changes during the Pleistocene between 0 and 1 million years ago. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that orchardgrass diverged after rice but before three Triticeae species, and evolutionarily conserved chromosomes were detected by analysing ancient chromosome rearrangements in these grass species. We also resequenced the whole genome of 76 orchardgrass accessions and found that germplasm from Northern Europe and East Asia clustered together, likely due to the exchange of plants along the 'Silk Road' or other ancient trade routes connecting the East and West. Last, a combined transcriptome, quantitative genetic and bulk segregant analysis provided insights into the genetic network regulating flowering time in orchardgrass and revealed four main candidate genes controlling this trait. This chromosome‐scale genome and the online database of orchardgrass developed here will facilitate the discovery of genes controlling agronomically important traits, stimulate genetic improvement of and functional genetic research on orchardgrass and provide comparative genetic resources for other forage grasses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a peptide–drug conjugate was designed and synthesized by connecting a transferrin receptor (TfR)‐targeted binding peptide analog BP9a (CAHLHNRS) with doxorubicin (DOX) through N‐succinimidyl‐3‐maleimidopropionate (SMP) as the cross‐linker. Confocal laser scanning microscopy results indicated that free DOX mainly accumulated in the nuclei of both TfR overexpressed HepG2 hepatoma cells and L‐O2 normal liver cells expressing low level of TfR; most of the BP9a‐DOX conjugate displayed cytoplasmic location, and its cellular uptake by HepG2 cells was obviously reduced by TfR blockage test. Nevertheless, the cellular uptake of this conjugate by L‐O2 cells was much less than that of free DOX. Meanwhile, the BP9a‐DOX conjugate exhibited lower in vitro antiproliferative activity against HepG2 cells than free DOX, but its cytotoxic effect on L‐O2 cells was decreased compared with that of free DOX. These results suggest that BP9a could be applied as a potential TfR‐targeted peptide vector for selective drug delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the ability of parathyroid hormone (PTH)‐related peptide‐1/type I collagen (PTHrP‐1/Col‐I) scaffold material to induce ectopic osteogenesis in the quadriceps muscle pocket of Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. A novel peptide PTHrP‐1 was derived from PTH and used at different concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mg/ml) to induce ectopic osteogenesis. Radiographic examinations (X‐ray, CT, and 3D reconstruction), pathological observations (H&E, Masson, Von Kossa, ALP and TRAP staining), immunohistochemical staining (Col‐I, OCN and Runx‐2 in tissues), western blotting was used to determine the qualitative and quantitative analysis of related markers proteins. Results confirmed that the appropriate concentration of PTHrP‐1 can effectively enhance the osteogenic activity, thereby improving the positive results and protein expression of osteogenic markers (COL‐I, OCN, and Runx‐2) in the quadriceps muscle pocket of SD rats. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, high concentration of PTHrP‐1 promotes osteogenic activity and active bone resorption. This study confirmed that PTHrP‐1 is a novel small molecule bioactive peptide, and the rat tail collagen scaffold is a good carrier of PTHrP‐1 with excellent biocompatibility. The PTHrP‐1/Col‐I composite scaffold material is an effective substitute for bone tissue engineering and can effectively induce and promote bone formation in the quadriceps muscle pocket of rats. In addition, the promoting ability for osteogenic differentiation of 0.3 mg/ml PTHrP‐1/Col‐I composite scaffold material group was significantly better than that of 0, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/ml PTHrP‐1/Col‐I composite scaffold material groups. Hence, the optimal concentration of PTHrP‐1 to promote ectopic osteogenesis is 0.3 mg/ml. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irradiation‐induced bone loss is widely reported, especially in radiotherapy‐induced osteoporosis. In addition to the mechanism of osteogenesis inhibition and osteoclastogenesis promotion, the regulation effect of osteocytes, which also send signals to modulate osteoclastogenesis, should be elucidated. In this study, the effect of irradiation on osteocyte and its accommodation to osteoclastogenesis via the release of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was explored. Furthermore, the control response of HMGB1 inhibitor on receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression in osteocyte and osteocyte‐induced osteoclastogenesis was assessed. It was observed that irradiated osteocyte‐like MLO‐Y4 cells exhibited polygonal‐shaped morphological changes and shortened dendrites, inhibited cell viability and induced cellular apoptosis, along with the reduction in dendritic E11 protein/messenger RNA expression at a doses of 4 Gy. Additionally, the secretion of HMGB1 in supernatants was promoted, accompanied by the decreased OPG and elevated RANKL expression. When the RAW264.7 cells were cocultured with irradiated MLO‐Y4 cells or its conditioned medium, enhanced migration and differentiation of osteoclast precursor was observed, and this difference was alleviated with anti‐HMGB1 neutralizing antibody. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that irradiation deteriorated osteocytes' potential to promote recruitment and differentiation of osteoclast precursor via stimulating HMGB1 release and subsequent elevation of RANKL/OPG level. This study will assist in designing the intervention programs for irradiation‐induced bone loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bipolarolides A–G (1–7), seven novel ophiobolin‐derived sesterterpenes with three new types of skeletons, were characterized from fungus Bipolaris sp. TJ403‐B1. Their structures were determined via spectroscopic analyses, X‐ray crystallography, and quantum chemical 13C NMR and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compounds 1 and 2 were uniquely defined by a multicyclic caged oxapentacyclo[9.3.0.01,6.05,9.18,12]pentadecane‐bridged system. Compounds 3 and 4 featured an unprecedented 5‐5‐5‐5‐fused core skeleton, while 3 also contained an unexpected C‐3–C‐14 oxygen bridge to construct the caged architecture. Compounds 5–7 form a new class of highly modified pentacyclic oxaspiro[4.4]nonane‐containing sesterterpene‐alkaloid hybrids. Their biosynthetic pathways and potential HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitory and antimicrobial activities are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Dongping gold deposit is located near the center of the northern margin of the North China Craton. It is hosted in the Shuiquangou syenite and characterized by large amounts of tellurides. Numerous studies have addressed this deposit; the mineral paragenesis and ore‐forming processes, however, are still poorly studied. In this contribution, a new mineral paragenesis has been evaluated to further understand ore formation, including sulfides (pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, molybdenite, and bornite), tellurides (altaite, calaverite, hessite, muthmannite, petzite, rucklidgeite, sylvanite, tellurobismuthite, tetradymite, and volynskite), and native elements (tellurium and gold). Molybdenite, muthmannite, rucklidgeite, and volynskite are reported for the first time in this deposit. We consider the Dongping gold deposit mainly formed in the Devonian, and the ore‐forming processes and the physicochemical conditions for ore formation can be reconstructed based on our newly identified ore paragenesis, that is, iron oxides → (CO2 effervescence) → sulfides → (fTe2/fS2 ratio increase) → Pb‐Bi‐tellurides → (condensation of H2Te vapor) → Au‐Ag‐tellurides → (mixing with oxidizing water) → carbonate and microporous gold → secondary minerals → secondary minerals. The logfO2 values increase from the early to late stages, while the fH2S and logfS2 values increase initially and then decrease. CO2 effervescence is the main mechanism of sulfides precipitation; this sulfidation and condensation of H2Te vapor lead to deposition of tellurides. The development of microporous gold indicates that the deposit might experience overprint after mineralization. The Dongping gold deposit has a close genetic relationship with the Shuiquangou syenite, and tellurium likely originated from Shuiquangou alkaline magmatic degassing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Previous studies have shown the significance of illness representation in maintaining of fear of cancer recurrence (FCR). The current study explored the association of illness representation and fear of cancer recurrence in daily life among breast cancer survivors and their spouses, considering the role of daily couple communication.Methods: A total of 54 couples in which the wives were breast cancer survivors were recruited to complete Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire and to report their communication information and fear of cancer recurrence in daily life.Results: At the between-person level, individuals with severer illness representation were likely to express more negative and less positive information in daily life, irrespective of whether they were patients or spouses. At the within-person level, perceptions of positive information acted as a mediator between disclosures of positive/negative information and changes in FCR.Conclusions: There were interactions of the relationship of illness representation to FCR between breast cancer survivors and their spouses. Daily couple communication played critical roles in the association between illness representation and FCR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asperteramide A, an unusual N‐phenyl‐carbamic acid methyl ester trimer, was isolated and identified from the coral‐derived fungus Aspergillus terreus. The deceptive and indistinguishable NMR signals caused by three N‐phenyl‐carbamic acid methyl ester subunits located in different spatial environments created great challenge for the identification of its planar structure, but recrystallization ultimately afforded a suitable crystal for the X‐ray diffraction experiment, which enabled its final structure determination. The plausible biosynthetic pathway of 1 mainly involved in the successive Friedel–Crafts reactions. Additionally, compound 1 showed significant antibacterial activity against seven microbial pathogens [ESBL‐producing Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans] with MIC values ranging from 2 to 64 µg/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cuihongshan deposit is a giant Fe‐polymetallic skarn deposit located in the northern zone of the Lesser Xing'an–Zhangguangcai Range (LXZR), NE China. It is predominantly hosted in skarn contact zones between marble and alkali‐feldspar granites and monzogranites, with minor in fracture zones of granodiorites. Because of dense vegetation cover, complex intrusions, and contact relation between orebodies and rocks, the metallogenesis of the deposit is poorly understood. Here, we present detailed whole‐rock geochemistry, zircon U–Pb geochronology of granitoids, and molybdenite Re–Os isotopic dating data. All of the granitoids in the Cuihongshan deposit area are silica and potassium rich, highly fractionated, showing affinities to high‐fractionated I‐type granites. However, compared with the other granitoids, the Late Triassic alkali‐feldspar granites have higher differentiation index, stronger enrichment in F, W, Mo, Pb, Th, U, and volatiles with partial mineralization. The zircon U–Pb dating of the granodiorite, monzogranite, and alkali‐feldspar granite yielded weighted average ages of 493 ± 4, 194 ± 1, and 204 ± 1 Ma, respectively. The Re–Os dating of molybdenites from the Cuibei and Cuizhong ore sections yielded isochron ages of 205 ± 2 and 204 ± 4 Ma, respectively, which are consistent with the emplacement age of the alkali‐feldspar granite. Combined with the lines of evidence from the contact relationship between the orebodies and alkali‐feldspar granite, the disseminated mineralization and the enrichment in ore‐forming elements and volatiles in the alkali‐feldspar granite, these indicate that the Late Triassic alkali‐feldspar granite rather than the monzogranite as previously reported, has a close genetic relationship with the Cuihongshan deposit. In addition, the alkali‐feldspar granites occur as apophyses and dikes, but the Late Cambrian and Early Jurassic granitoids occur as batholiths. This indicates that, according to the theory that "small intrusions form large deposits", a potential Late Triassic (~204 Ma) buried batholith might have provided abundant ore‐forming materials. However, the top parts of the Late Cambrian and Early Jurassic granitoids have been denudated, which is unfavourable for significant deposit preservation and mineralization related to the 2 stages of granitoids. This study gives a significant suggestion that exposed, and blind apophyses and dikes should be further considered in the exploration and study of metal deposits in NE China. Three phases of mineralization occurred in the LXZR in the Triassic–Jurassic, namely, porphyry–skarn Cu–Mo polymetallic mineralization (~250–240 Ma), skarn Fe–Pb–Zn polymetallic mineralization (~204–190 Ma), and porphyry Mo polymetallic mineralization (~180–160 Ma). On the basis of regional data, the LXZR experienced subduction and collisional settings during ~260–185 Ma and ~180–160 Ma, respectively. Hence, the Early Triassic (~250–240 Ma) and Late Triassic–Early Jurassic (~204–190 Ma) mineralizations represented by the Baoshan and Cuihongshan deposits, respectively, are related to the early and late subduction of the oceanic plate between the Songliao and Jiamusi massifs beneath the Songliao Massif, respectively. This also indicates a potential mineralization in the LXZR in the Middle Triassic. However, the genesis of the late large‐scale porphyry Mo polymetallic deposits (~185–160 Ma; e.g., Daheishan, Luming, Huojihe, Xinghualong, Xingshan, and Wulugetushan deposits) is constrained by the collision of the Songliao and Jiamusi massifs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a critical role in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), but little is known about the function of lncRNAs in the colorectal liver metastasis (CLM). This study was designed to identify specific lncRNAs correlating to liver metastasis of CRC, and to further assess their clinical value. Seventeen patients with primary CRC lesions, adjacent normal mucosa, and synchronous liver metastases lesions were divided into discovery set (six patients) and test set (11 patients). Transcriptome sequencing (RNAseq) was used to screen differential expression of lncRNAs in the discovery set. Based on bioinformatics data, quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was used to verify the target lncRNA in test set. The relationships between target lncRNA and clinical values were analysed in an expanded validation set of additional 91 patients. 23 upregulated and 14 downregulated lncRNAs were detected for distinguishing synchronous liver metastases, primary CRC lesions from adjacent normal mucosa in the RNAseq set. The expression levels of four lncRNAs in the 37 lncRNA signature were verified by qRT‐PCR in the test set. Compared with the paired normal mucosa, high expression levels of lnc‐small‐nucleolar RNA host gene 15 (SNHG15) were detected not only in primary CRC lesions but also in liver metastases lesions in the test set. Furthermore, in the expanded validation set, high expression of lnc‐SNHG15 was significantly associated with lymph‐node metastasis and liver metastasis (p < 0.05), and patients displaying high lncRNA‐SNHG15 expression exhibited a shorter median overall survival duration than those displaying low expression (30.7 vs. 35.2 months; p = 0.003). Multivariate analyses demonstrated that lncRNA‐SNHG15 overexpression may serve as a poor prognostic biomarker for CRC patients (p = 0.049; Cox's regression: 2.731). Lnc‐SNHG15 overexpression was significantly associated with CLM and high‐expression of lnc‐SNHG15 in CRC was an independent predictor of poor survival. Long non coding RNAs‐small‐nucleolar RNA host gene 15 (lncRNAs‐SNHG15) overexpression may serve as a poor prognostic biomarker for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients (p = 0.049; Cox Regression: 2.731). Lnc‐SNHG15 overexpression was significantly associated with colorectal liver metastasis and high expression of lnc‐SNHG15 in CRC was an independent predictor of poor survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]