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A 33‐year‐old woman of giant broad ligament leiomyoma with myxoid degeneration was misdiagnosed as ovarian tumor. The patient underwent a transabdominal myomectomy and developed a pelvic infection after operation diagnosed with contrast‐enhanced ultrasound. She was cured and ultimately discharged after symptomatic treatment. Only 21 cases of giant broad ligament leiomyomas with a diameter larger than 12 cm were included. The present systematic review aimed to increase awareness of the clinical characteristics and treatment methods of giant broad ligament leiomyoma, and reduce the rates of misdiagnosis and postoperative complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel metal‐free methodology for the synthesis of diacyl/acyl N‐allylhydrazines based on PhI(OAc)2‐promoted 1,2‐diaza‐Cope rearrangement reaction of β,γ‐unsaturated hydrazones with acetate/H2O has been described. This cascade reaction works efficiently under mild conditions. A possible mechanism involving hydrazonyl radicals and N–I(III) intermediates of β,γ‐unsaturated hydrazones is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling is involved in regulating a great number of normal and abnormal cellular events. However, little is known about its role in ovarian follicular development. In this study, we found NF‐κB signaling is activated during the transition from secondary to antral follicles. We generated active NF‐κB mice and found that antral follicular numbers were higher than wild‐type ovaries. Activation of NF‐κB signaling could enhance granulosa cell proliferation and regress granulosa cell apoptosis of mouse ovarian follicles. Higher follicle‐stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) and luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor expressions were observed in active NF‐κB ovaries compared to wild type. Furthermore, we confirmed that NF‐κB signaling was indeed involved in the granulosa cell viability and proliferation through FSHR using COV434 cell line. This is the first experimental evidence that NF‐κB signaling is implicated in the control of follicular development through FSHR and its corresponding target molecules, which might be achieved by targeting proliferation and apoptosis in follicular granulosa cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seven donor and acceptor 2,6-disubstituted 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3 a,4 a-diaza- s-indacene (BODIPY) dyes have been synthesized and characterized. Including MPBTCA, which is a known compound, the seven BODIPY dyes have been characterized by varied physical methods, such as UV/Visible absorption spectroscopy, low energy photo-electron spectroscopy (AC-2), and HOMO-LUMO DFT/TDDFT calculation. All seven BODIPY dyes have absorption λmax around 535-545 nm, which is significantly longer than 499 nm of 4,4-difluoro-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethyl-4-bora-3 a,4 a-diaza- s-indacene ( PM 546). Having structural variation on donor group, acceptor group, donor π-spacer, acceptor π-spacer, and the substituent on boron, some BODIPY dyes exhibit small extinction coefficients or spectral integrals in solution ( MPCtBTCA, MPBT-pyO, MPBTT-pyO, MTBTCA), broadening absorption spectral profile ( MTBTCA), weak intramolecular charge transfer characteristics ( MPBT-pyO, MPBTT-pyO, MTBTCA), too low LUMO energy level ( PPBTCA), or insufficient dye-uptake by TiO2 FTO ( MPBT-pyO, MPBTT-pyO, MTBTCA). Two of the seven BODIPY dyes, MPBTCA and MPBTTCA, do not show the adverse properties like other BODIPY dyes. With our improved TiO2 FTO (fluorine doped tin oxide) dyeing method, namely a solution dropping method, high performance dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) have been realized by MPBTCA and MPBTTCA photosensitizers. Power conversion efficiencies of 6.3 and 6.4 % have been achieved by MPBTCA and MPBTTCA DSCs, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, MPBTCA and MPBTTCA are the most efficient dyes for the donor and acceptor 2,6-disubstituted BODIPY DSCs so far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A practical and efficient approach for the synthesis of various sulfonyl-substituted vinyl arenes is reported. In the process, hydrazones provide coupling partners for the Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling with aryl halides and sulfinate salts as nucleophiles, which realizes minimal waste and excellent atom economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functionalized 3,4-dihalogenated furan-2(5 H)-ones can be readily prepared in moderate to good yields by treating 4-hydroxy-4-arylbut-2-ynoate derivatives with ICl, IBr, and I2. Both halogen atoms of the electrophile are incorporated in the product. The resulting halides can further afford polycyclic aromatic compounds using known palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Slit is a secreted protein known to function through the Roundabout (Robo) receptor as a repellent for axon guidance and neuronal migration, and as an inhibitor in leukocyte chemotaxis. We have previously shown that Slit2 is also secreted by a variety of human cancer cells whereby it acts as a chemoattractant to vascular endothelial cells for tumor angiogenesis. We used a blocking antibody to investigate the role of Slit–Robo signaling in tumor angiogenesis during oral carcinogenesis. In this report we undertook a multistage model of 7,12-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene-induced squamous cell carcinoma in the hamster buccal pouch. R5, a monoclonal antibody against the first immunoglobulin domain of Robo1, was used to study whether R5 blocks the Slit–Robo interaction and furthermore inhibits tumor angiogenesis and growth in our model. In addition, the expression of Slit2, von Willebrand factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor were examined using human tissue of oral cheek mucosa with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Our data showed that Slit2 was expressed minimally in normal and hyperplastic mucosa, moderately in dysplastic mucosa, and highly in neoplastic mucosa obtained from hamster buccal pouch. We also found that increased Slit2 expression was associated with higher tumor angiogenesis, as reflected by increased vascular endothelial growth factor expression and microvessel density. A similar Slit2 expression profile was found in human tissue. Importantly, interruption of the Slit2–Robo interaction using R5 inhibited tumor angiogenesis and growth in our in vivo model, which indicates that Slit2-mediated tumor angiogenesis is a critical process underlying the carcinogenesis of chemical-induced squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, targeting Slit–Robo signaling may offer a novel antiangiogenesis approach for oral cancer therapy. ( Cancer Sci 2008; 99: 510–517) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BODIPY dyes as photosensitizers The electronic local excited (LE) state of prominent BODIPY dyes limits the efficiency in their application for dye sensitized solar cells (DSCs). To overcome such issues, C.‐T. Chen, R.‐J. Jeng et al. on page 14747 ff., present an insightful study about the structure‐property relationship of a series of donor and acceptor 2,6‐disubstituted BODIPY dyes; having a structural variation on donor, donor π‐spacer, substituent on boron, acceptor π‐spacer, and acceptor. A combination of spectroscopic experiment and theoretical calculation has demonstrated that the LE characteristics of the BODIPY dyes has been largely transformed to charge transfer (CT), which is a more favorable electronic feature of a photosensitizer used in DSCs. DSCs fabricated with MPBTTCA (shown in the picture) exhibit power conversion efficiency as high as 6.4%, one of the highest among DSCs having similar BODIPY dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title transformation involves phosphonation of propiolamides, 5-exo cyclization, and dearomatization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first protocol involving a Friedel-Crafts-type reaction combined with an intramolecular electrophilic ipso-iodocyclization of title propiol amides is developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents chemical equations for the article "Gold-Catalyzed Tandem (3,3)-Propargyl Ester Rearrangement Leading to (E)-1H-Inden-1-ones" by L.-J. Wang and others, published in the 2013 issue of the "Journal of Organic Chemistry."

An efficient synthesis of the title compounds (II), (III), or (IV) is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of 2.5 equiv. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]