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Background: Gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) is classified as Siewert type II adenocarcinoma at the esophagogastric junction in Western countries. The majority of GCA patients do not exhibit early warning symptoms, leading to over 90% of diagnoses at an advanced stage, resulting in a grim prognosis, with less than a 20% 5‐year survival rate. Method: Metabolic features of 276 GCA and 588 healthy controls were characterized through a widely‐targeted metabolomics by UPLC‐MS/MS analysis. This study encompasses a joint pathway analysis utilizing identified metabolites, survival analysis in both early and advanced stages, as well as high and negative and low expression of HER2 immunohistochemistry staining. Machine learning techniques and Cox regression models were employed to construct a diagnostic panel. Results: A total of 25 differential metabolites were consistently identified in both discovery and validation sets based on criteria of p < 0.05, (VIP) ≥ 1, and FC ≥ 2 or FC ≤ 0.5. Early‐stage GCA patients exhibited a more favorable prognosis compared to those in advanced stages. HER2 overexpression was associated with a more positive outcome compared to the negative and low expression groups. Metabolite panel demonstrated a robust diagnostic performance with AUC of 0.869 in discovery set and 0.900 in validation set. Conclusions: A total of 25 common and stable differential metabolites may hold promise as liquid non‐invasive indicators for GCA diagnosis. HER2 may function as a tumor suppressor gene in GCA, as its overexpression is associated with improved survival. The downregulation of bile acid metabolism in GCA may offer valuable theoretical insights and innovative approaches for precision‐targeted treatments in GCA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Natural products play a significant role in the development of novel bactericide candidates. Caesalpinia pulcherrima, a traditional medicine, had anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antifeedant activities, therefore the previous bioassay results of C. pulcherrima implied that its main active ingredients may have potential to be used as botanical bactericides. RESULTS: Bio‐guided isolation of C. pulcherrima was conducted to obtain 11 novel cassane diterpenoids (capulchemins A–K) and 10 known sesquiterpenes. Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic methods and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses. Capulchemins A–F possess a rare aromatic C ring, while capulchemin K with a 15,16‐degradative carbon skeleton represents a rare group of cassane diterpenes. Capulchemin A exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity against four phytopathogenic bacteria, particularly against Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidae and Bacillus cereus, with minimal inhibitory concentration values of 3.13 μM. Meanwhile, capulchemin A showed significant control effect on kiwifruit canker in vivo. Further investigation of its mechanism of antibacterial activity revealed that compound 1 was closely related to destroy cell membrane to cause cell death. Additionally, some of those cassane diterpenoids showed potential antifeedant against Mythimna separate walker and Plutella xylostella. Consequently, capulchemin A could have the potential to be used as a template for the development for new eco‐friendly NP‐based bactericides. CONCLUSION: These data contribute to a better understanding of the antibacterial activity of cassane diterpenes. Cassane diterpenes have been discovered to be leading to broad application prospects in the development as novel botanical bactericides. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objectives: Previous association studies have identified genetic variants in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex as substantial risk factors for idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs). However, a great number of genes are located in the HLA region, and thus fine mapping is quite necessary. Methods: Targeted capture sequencing were performed on the whole HLA region in 42 IIM patients and 24 healthy controls. A microarray analysis was applied to analyze gene expression profiles in additional 20 newly diagnosed IIM and five healthy controls. Results: The HLA region was confirmed to be associated with IIMs in Chinese patients. By gene expression profiling and pathway analysis, several genes were identified as candidates for IIM risk factors, including HLA‐A, HLA‐B, HLA‐DRB5, HLA‐DRB1, HLA‐DQA1, HLA‐DQB1 and HLA‐DQB2. Interestingly, p.Y107V of the HLA‐DRB1 was predicted to be a potential causal non‐synonymous variation for IIMs that may affect the antigen‐binding groove of the HLA‐II molecule. Conclusions: Our data have revealed novel genetic variations in the HLA region of IIM patients and provide new insight into the pathogenesis and diagnosis of IIMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal oxide based anodes with high capacities and long cycle lifetimes are considered promising candidates to substitute the conventional graphite electrodes with a relatively low capacity. In this work, hierarchical Mn3O4 microplates with a lateral size of approximately 4.9 μm, composed of stacking porous nanosheets with thicknesses as small as 10 nm, were synthesized by using a precursor conversion method. Such a nanosheet stacking arrangement possesses an unusual concave structure with a tight center and loose edge. Owing to the highly open hierarchical structure and good electronic conductivity from the in situ carbon, the as-obtained hierarchical Mn3O4 microplate electrode exhibits remarkable cyclability up to 300 cycles at 500 mA g−1, accompanied with good rate capability (418 mA h g−1 at 2 A g−1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel sulfides have been widely employed as high-performance electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with high activity and low cost, and their performance could be tremendously promoted by elaborate design. Herein, we report a simple solvothermal route for the in situ growth of a three-dimensional network structure of Sn-doped Ni3S2, assembled by using ultrathin nanosheets on Ni foam. The ultrathin nanosheets with thicknesses of approximately 5-9 nm could provide more exposed active edges and a shorter electron transfer path. The Sn-doped sample exhibited efficient and durable electrocatalytic HER activity both in acid and alkaline conditions, much better than that of undoped Ni3S2 nanorods. Nyquist plots indicated that the electrochemical impendence reduced with the introduction of elemental Sn, which was another critical factor for the enhanced catalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]