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Histone lactylation is a metabolic stress‐related histone modification. However, the role of histone lactylation in the development of sepsis‐associated acute kidney injury (SA‐AKI) remains unclear. Here, histone H3K18 lactylation (H3K18la) is elevated in SA‐AKI, which is reported in this study. Furthermore, this lactate‐dependent histone modification is enriched at the promoter of Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) and positively correlated with the transcription. Correction of abnormal lactate levels resulted in a reversal of abnormal histone lactylation at the promoter of RhoA. Examination of related mechanism revealed that histone lactylation promoted the RhoA/Rho‐associated protein kinase (ROCK) /Ezrin signaling, the activation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), inflammation, cell apoptosis, and aggravated renal dysfunction. In addition, Ezrin can undergo lactylation modification. Multiple lactylation sites are identified in Ezrin and confirmed that lactylation mainly occurred at the K263 site. The role of histone lactylation is revealed in SA‐AKI and reportes a novel post‐translational modification in Ezrin. Its potential role in regulating inflammatory metabolic adaptation of renal proximal tubule epithelial cells is also elucidated. The results provide novel insights into the epigenetic regulation of the onset of SA‐AKI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by thrombus formation, poor pregnancy outcomes, and a proinflammatory response. H3K4me3‐related monocytes activation are key regulators of APS pathogenesis. Therefore, H3K4me3 CUT&Tag and ATAC‐seq are performed to examine the epigenetic profiles. The results indicate that the H3K4me3 signal and chromatin accessibility at the FOXJ2 promoter are enhanced in an in vitro monocyte model by stimulation with β2GPI/anti‐β2GPI, which mimics APS, and decreases after OICR‐9429 administration. Furthermore, FOXJ2 is highly expressed in patients with primary APS (PAPS) and is the highest in patients with triple‐positive antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs). Mechanistically, FOXJ2 directly binds to the SLAMF8 promoter and activates SLAMF8 transcription. SLAMF8 further interacts with TREM1 to stimulate TLR4/NF‐κB signaling and prohibit autophagy. Knockdown of FOXJ2, SLAMF8, or TREM1 blocks TLR4/NF‐κB and provokes autophagy, subsequently inhibiting the release of inflammatory and thrombotic indicators. A mouse model of vascular APS is established via β2GPI intraperitoneal injection, and the results suggest that OICR‐9429 administration attenuates the inflammatory response and thrombus formation by inactivating FOXJ2/SLAMF8/TREM1 signaling. These findings highlight the overexpression of H3K4me3‐mediated FOXJ2 in APS, which consequently accelerates APS pathogenesis by triggering inflammation and thrombosis via boosting the SLAMF8/TREM1 axis. Therefore, OICR‐9429 is a promising candidate drug for APS therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alterations of the trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) mark in monocytes are implicated in the development of autoimmune diseases. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to elucidate the role of H3K4me3‐mediated epigenetics in the pathogenesis of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Methods: H3K4me3 Cleavage Under Targets and Tagmentation and Assay for Transposase‐Accessible Chromatin were performed to determine the epigenetic profiles. Luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA pull‐down, co‐immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation were performed for mechanistic studies. Transmission electron microscopy and propidium iodide staining confirmed cell pyroptosis. Primary monocytes from patients with primary APS (PAPS) and healthy donors were utilised to test the levels of key molecules. A mouse model mimicked APS was constructed with beta2‐glycoprotein I (β2GPI) injection. Blood velocity was detected using murine Doppler ultrasound. Results: H3K4me3 signal and open chromatin at the ARID5B promoter were increased in an in vitro model of APS. The epigenetic factor ARID5B directly activated LINC01128 transcription at its promoter. LINC01128 promoted the formation of the BTF3/STAT3 complex to enhance STAT3 phosphorylation. Activated STAT3 interacted with the NLRP3 promoter and subsequently stimulated pyroptosis and apoptosis. ARID5B or BTF3 depletion compensated for LINC01128‐induced pyroptosis and apoptosis by inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation. In mice with APS, β2GPI exposure elevated the levels of key proteins of pyroptosis and apoptosis pathways in bone marrow‐derived monocytes, reduced the blood velocity of the ascending aorta, increased the thrombus size of the carotid artery, and promoted the release of interleukin (IL)‐18, IL‐1β and tissue factor. Patients with PAPS had the high‐expressed ARID5B and LINC01128, especially those with triple positivity for antiphospholipid antibodies. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between ARID5B and LINC01128 expression. Conclusion: This study indicated that ARID5B/LINC01128 was synergistically upregulated in APS, and they aggravated disease pathogenesis by enhancing the formation of the BTF3/STAT3 complex and boosting p‐STAT3‐mediated pyroptosis and apoptosis, thereby providing candidate therapeutic targets for APS. Highlights: The H3K4me3 mark and chromatin accessibility at the ARID5B promoter are increased in vitro model mimicked APS.ARID5B‐mediated LINC01128 induces pyroptosis and apoptosis via p‐STAT3 by binding to BTF3.ARID5B is high‐ expressed in patients with primary APS and positively correlated with LINC01128 expression.OICR‐9429 treatment mitigates pyroptosis and related inflammation in vivo and in vitro models mimicked APS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanofluidic reverse electrodialysis provides an attractive way to harvest osmotic energy. However, most attention was paid to monotonous membrane structure optimization to promote selective ion transport, while the role of external fields and relevant mechanisms are rarely explored. Here, we demonstrate a Kevlar‐toughened tungsten disulfide (WS2) composite membrane with bioinspired serosa‐mimetic structures as an efficient osmotic energy generator coupling light. As a result, the output power could be up to 16.43 W m−2 under irradiation, outperforming traditional two‐dimensional (2D) membranes. Both the experiment and simulation uncover that the generated photothermal and photoelectronic effects could synergistically promote the confined ion transport process. In addition, this membrane also possesses great anti‐fouling properties, endowing its practical application. This work paves new avenues for sustainable power generation by coupling solar energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access to uranium resources is critical to the sustainable development of nuclear energy. The ocean contains abundant uranium resources, but the marine biological pollution and the low concentration of uranium make it a giant challenge to extract uranium from seawater. On the foundation of selective uranium adsorption using high uranium‐affinity groups, realizing the external‐field improved uranium capture without extra energy consumption is highly attractive. A solar thermal collector with 3D ion‐transport networks based on environmentally friendly biomass adsorption material is reported, which contains antibacterial adsorption ligands and photothermal graphene oxide. The antibacterial ability through an easy one‐step reaction and the fast mass transfer caused by photothermal conversion collaboratively improve the original adsorption capacity of the hydrogel by 46.7%, reaching 9.18 mg g−1 after contact with natural seawater for 14 days. This study provides a universal strategy for the design of physical‐fields‐enhanced hydrogel adsorbents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyacrylamide and its derivatives are commonly used as viscosity enhancers in water‐based drilling fluids, but they have limitations in terms of salt resistance and temperature resistance. In this study, a novel cationic functional monomer, 4‐allylaminocarbonyl‐1‐dodecylpyridinium bromide, was introduced into the molecular chains of an acrylamide and acrylic acid copolymer in order to improve its temperature resistance and salt tolerance. Results showed that the apparent viscosity of a 2000 mg/L copolymer solution was 440.4 mPa s at a shear rate of 7.34 s−1, decreasing to 23.5 mPa s at 510 s−1 before recovering to 49.2 mPa s when the shear rate returned to 170 s−1. After 16 h of aging at 120°C, a brine drilling fluid containing 1% of the copolymer showed an apparent viscosity retention rate of 70%, likely due to the formation of a stable net structure between the copolymer's molecular chains and clay particles. These results suggest that the copolymer could be an excellent candidate for use as a viscosity enhancer in drilling fluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cause of magmatic tempo in an active plate margin remains controversial, partly due to lack of structural analysis. During 130–105 Ma, the magmatism in the South China Block (SCB) was significantly reduced (lull) and restricted around the Changle‐Nan'ao Belt (CNB) while the magmatism was highly active (flare‐up) in North China. For unveiling the tectonic role on magmatism, a multidisciplinary study including field and microscopic structural observations, magnetic fabric measurement (AMS), and zircon/monazite dating was conducted on the plutons with oriented minerals in the CNB. Structural analysis and AMS results show a highly clustered NE‐striking vertical foliation developed during the emplacement indicating a syn‐emplacement NW‐SE shortening regime. The geochronology results confirm that the emplacement occurred during 130–105 Ma. Regional geologic correlation indicates that the collision between the Dangerous Grounds‐West Philippines Block and SCB was responsible for this shortening regime. The collected depleted zircon εHf(t) data suggest that a possible collision‐triggered slab break‐off caused the syn‐collisional magmatic activity around the CNB. This study shows that the magmatic lull in the SCB was coeval with a crustal shortening regime due to the arrival of a microcontinent carried by the subduction slab, while the magmatic flare‐up was coeval with an extensional regime due to the subduction roll‐back and retreat as evidenced by the Cretaceous evolution of the SCB before and after the collision and that of North China which is unaffected by the collision. The cause of magmatic tempo in the continental margin is largely due to the tectonic evolution of underlain subduction slabs. Plain Language Summary: Magmatic activity is closely connected to human life as it provides us with useful metals, releases greenhouse gases, triggers natural hazards. It is necessary to explore what controls a magmatic activity. Several previous studies considered that a shortening regime with thickened crust causes strong magmatism (flare‐up). The South China Block (SCB) featured by alternating magmatic flare‐up and lulls, provides an appropriate research target to test this hypothesis. During the Cretaceous, the SCB was dominated by an extensional regime caused by the Paleo‐Pacific oceanic slab subduction. However, our structural analyses on the SCB document a shortening regime caused by the collision between the SCB and a microcontinent carried by the Paleo‐Pacific oceanic slab in the period of the Cretaceous. During the collision, the SCB was generally featured by a magmatic lull, although magmatic activity was only observed around the Changle‐Nan'ao Belt, probably caused by the break‐off of the subducted Paleo‐Pacific oceanic slab. Before and after the collision, the extensional regime caused by Paleo‐Pacific oceanic slab subduction was coeval with magmatic flare‐up. This study questions the previous claims and proposes that the tectonic evolution of the subducting slab may control the magmatic flare‐up and lull in the overlain active continental margin. Key Points: The 130–105 Ma syn‐tectonic plutons intruded the Changle‐Nan'ao Belt in a NW‐SE shortening regime caused by a microcontinent collisionThe shortening/extension regimes were coeval with magmatic lull/flare‐up in the East Asia Continental Margin during the CretaceousThe collision causing break‐off can account for the plutonism in the Changle‐Nan'ao Belt during the magmatic lull of the South China Block [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing amount of drilling of directional wells and large‐displacement wells, high torque and high resistance have become critical problems. Therefore, high‐performance and environment‐friendly lubricants for water‐based drilling fluid are urgently needed. In this paper, poly(ethylene glycol) 2000 (PEG) was used as a lubricant, and the lubricity, inhibition, compatibility and temperature resistance of the PEG lubricant were investigated. The results show that 0.1% (mass ratio) PEG in water‐based drilling fluid can reduce the friction coefficient of mud cake by 44.5%. This PEG also has certain inhibition and temperature resistance. As PEG is used with other drilling fluid additives, the compatibility was good and the lubricity of drilling fluid can be improved effectively. The lubricating mechanism of PEG was explored and the results showed that the hydrophobic alkane chains in the PEG molecules were adsorbed on the surface of bentonite, forming a hydrophobic film on the friction surface, thereby forming a lubricating layer. Field application in Sulige Gas Field showed that the PEG lubricant has good lubricity and can meet the technical requirements of corresponding horizontal wells. © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This work first presents field structural analysis, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) measurements, and kinematic and microstructural studies on the Neoproterozoic Pengguan complex located in the middle segment of the Longmenshan thrust belt (LMTB), NE Tibet. These investigations indicate that the Pengguan complex is a heterogeneous unit with a ductilely deformed NW domain and an undeformed SE domain, rather than a single homogeneous body as previously thought. The NW part of the Pengguan complex is constrained by top‐to‐the‐NW shearing along its NW boundary and top‐to‐the‐SE shearing along its SE boundary, where it imbricates and overrides the SE domain. Two orogen‐perpendicular gravity models not only support the imbricated shape of the Pengguan complex but also reveal an imbrication of high‐density material hidden below the Paleozoic rocks on the west of the LMTB. Regionally, this suggests a basement‐slice‐imbricated structure that developed along the margin of the Yangtze Block, as shown by the regional gravity anomaly map, together with the published nearby seismic profile and the distribution of orogen‐parallel Neoproterozoic complexes. Integrating the previously published ages of the NW normal faulting and of the SE directed thrusting, the locally fast exhumation rate, and the lithological characteristics of the sediments in the LMTB front, we interpret the basement‐slice‐imbricated structure as the result of southeastward thrusting of the basement slices during the Late Jurassic‐Early Cretaceous. This architecture makes a significant contribution to the crustal thickening of the LMTB during the Mesozoic, and therefore, the Cenozoic thickening of the Longmenshan belt might be less important than often suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detrital zircons from Cretaceous micaschist, late Eocene-earliest Oligocene sandstone and early Oligocene siltstone of the Western Alps fall into three main separable age clusters at 610-540 Ma, 490-430 Ma, and 340-280 Ma that correspond to the Cadomian (Neoproterozoic), Ordovician, and Variscan (Carboniferous) events widespread in western and central Europe. Hf isotopic results indicate that these three magmatic and tectonic episodes did not give rise to significant production of juvenile crust. A distinguishable group of Triassic zircons, around 250-200 Ma which is considered to derive from the Southern Alps, has been detected in the early Oligocene 'Schistes à Blocs' formation and the Briançonnais 'Flysch Noir'. In contrast, this age group is absent in late Eocene to earliest Oligocene sandstones. In agreement with sedimentological studies, our results show that the main source areas of the Eocene sandstone were probably located in the European continent. The arrival of detritus from the Internal Zone occurred in early Oligocene, coeval with the tectonic rotation from northwestward to westward in the propagation of allochthonous units. Based on previous studies and our new data, we argue that the Briançonnais Zone was likely a paleorelief since the middle Eocene that accounts for the lack of detritus from the Adriatic units. Contemporary sediments were accumulated in the foredeep of the Adriatic plate. From Oligocene time onward, the blockage was cut through after a regional uplifting, and thus, the Internal Zone started to provide detritus into the western flexural basins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Penglaitan section, as the Global Stratotype Section for the Guadalupian-Lopingian boundary (GLB), displays continuous deposition with a complete succession of pelagic conodont zones across the GLB. However, there is no reliable radiometric age from the Penglaitan section itself to constrain the GLB. Here, we report SIMS zircon U-Pb ages from two bentonite layers (Bed 7c) in the Penglaitan Global Stratotype Section near the GLB. The sample PL-62-1 yields a weighted mean 238U/206Pb age of 257.1 ± 2.2 Ma, and the sample PL-62-2 yields a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 257.0 ± 4.2 Ma. Therefore, we consider 257.0-257.1Ma as the age of deposition of Bed 7c (the end of the C. postbitteri postbitteri conodont Zone, ca. 86 cm above the GLB), and, considering the depositional rate of chert, we suggest 258.6Ma as the age of the GLB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ediacaran-Cambrian transition was one of the most critical intervals in Earth history. During this interval, widespread chert was precipitated, commonly as a stratal wedge in carbonates, along the southern margin of the Yangtze Platform, South China. The chert wedge passes into a full chert succession further basinward to the south-east. Four lithotypes of chert are identified across the marginal zone in western Hunan: mounded, vein, brecciated and bedded chert. The mounded chert is characterized by irregular to digitiform internal fabrics, generally with abundant original vesicles and/or channels that mostly are lined by botryoidal chalcedony cements with minor quartz and barite crystals. The host chert (or matrix) of these mounds is dominated by amorphous cryptocrystalline silica, commonly disseminated with pyrite. The vein chert, with minor quartz locally, generally cross-cuts the overlying dolostone and chert horizons and terminates under the mounded and/or bedded chert bodies. The brecciated chert commonly occurs as splayed 'intrusions' or funnel-shaped wedges and cross-cuts the topmost dolostones. The bedded chert, the most common type, generally is thin to medium-bedded and laminated locally; it is composed of amorphous silica with minor amounts of black lumps. Microthermometry of fluid inclusions from vein and void-lining minerals (mainly quartz and barite) revealed homogenization temperatures from 120 to 180°C for the trapped primary fluids. Compositionally, these chert deposits generally are pure, with SiO2 > 92 wt%, and only minor Fe2O3 and Al2O3 contents, most of which show positive Europium anomalies in rare earth element patterns, especially for the mounded chert. All these data suggest that the marginal zone chert deposits resulted from a low-temperature, silica-rich hydrothermal system, in which the mounded chert was precipitated around the releasing vents, i.e. as silica chimneys. The vein and splayed brecciated chert, however, was formed along the syndepositional fault/fracture conduits that linked downward, while the bedded chert was precipitated in the quieter water column from the fallout of hydrothermal plumes onto the sea floor. These petrological and geochemical data provide compelling evidence and a new clue to the understanding of the extensive silica precipitation; rapid tectono-depositional and oceanic changes during the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition in South China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present-day topography of the Tian Shan range is considered to result from crustal shortening related to the ongoing India-Asia collision that started in the early Tertiary. In this study we report evidence for several episodes of localized tectonic activity which occurred prior to that major orogenic event. Apatite fission track analysis and (U-Th)/He dating on apatite and zircon indicate that inherited Paleozoic structures were reactivated in the late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic during a Cimmerian orogenic episode and also in the Late Cretaceous-Paleogene (around 65-60 Ma). These reactivations could have resulted from the accretion of the Kohistan-Dras arc or lithospheric extension in the Siberia-Mongolia zone. Activity resumed in the late Mesozoic prior to the major Tertiary orogenic phase. Finally, the ongoing deformation, which again reactivates inherited tectonic structures, tends to propagate inside the endoreic basins that were preserved in the range, leading to their progressive closure. This study demonstrates the importance of inherited structures in localizing the first increments of the deformation before it propagates into yet undeformed areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tian Shan Mountains constitute central Asia's longest and highest mountain range. Understanding their Cenozoic uplift history thus bears on mountain building processes in general, and on how deformation has occurred under the influence of the India-Asia collision in particular. In order to help decipher the uplift history of the Tian Shan, we collected 970 samples for magnetostratigraphic analysis along a 4571-m-thick section at the Jingou River (Xinjiang Province, China). Stepwise alternating field and thermal demagnetization isolate a linear magnetization component that is interpreted as primary. From this component, a magnetostratigraphic column composed of 67 polarity chrons are correlated with the reference geomagnetic polarity timescale between ∼1 Ma and ∼23.6 Ma, with some uncertainty below ∼21 Ma. This correlation places precise temporal control on the Neogene stratigraphy of the southern Junggar Basin and provides evidence for two significant stepwise increases in sediment accumulation rate at ∼16-15 Ma and ∼11-10 Ma. Rock magnetic parameters also undergo important changes at ∼16-15 Ma and ∼11-10 Ma that correlate with changes in sedimentary depositional environments. Together with previous work, we conclude that growth history of the modern Tian Shan Mountains includes two pulses of uplift and erosion at ∼16-15 Ma and ∼11-10 Ma. Middle to upper Tertiary rocks around the Tian Shan record very young (<∼5 Ma) counterclockwise paleomagnetic rotations, on the order of 15° to 20°, which are interpreted as because of strain partitioning with a component of sinistral shear that localized rotations in the piedmont. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yunkai massif is a key region to decipher the tectonic evolution of the south China block since the contained high-grade metamorphic rocks experienced a polyphase deformation. The earliest event (D1) corresponds to a top-to-the-northwest ductile shearing, coeval with amphibolite facies metamorphism, probably developed during a postorogenic synmigmatization extensional event occurred in early Paleozoic time. The main ductile deformation (D2) is top-to-the-northeast shearing, occurred in early Mesozoic time, coeval with amphibolite to greenschist facies metamorphism and associated with the development of northeast verging recumbent folds within the Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic sedimentary cover of the south China block. The tectonic significance of D2 is possibly linked with the subduction of Indochina beneath south China along the Song Ma belt of North Vietnam. Another compressional event (D3) of Late Jurassic to Cretaceous age is indicated by SE verging recumbent folds with NE-SW trending axes developed both in the sedimentary cover and gneissic basement. The northwestward subduction of the Pacific plate or the SE thrusting of the Songpan-Ganzi fold belt upon the Yangtze craton can be considered as the geodynamic causes of this late Mesozoic event. Last, NE-SW trending brittle sinistral strike-slip and normal faulting (D4) control the massif uplifting and the subsiding of continental half grabens. This structure, which is widespread in the eastern margin of the Eurasia continent, can be related either to the westward subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate or to lithosphere removal during the late Mesozoic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Dabie Shan of China contain the largest areal exposure of ultrahigh-pressure regional metamorphic rock known on Earth. The thermal history of these unusual rocks is central to understanding the tectonic processes responsible for their creation, preservation, and exhumation. Published ages of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism and subsequent cooling range from Archean to Jurassic. By analyzing 21 Dabie hornblende, phengite, and biotite samples by the 40Ar/39Ar method, we find that (1) cooling from peak metamorphic temperatures to ∼300°C occurred between about 206 and 178 Ma; (2) widespread Cretaceous ages reflect reheating by a postultrahigh-pressure magmatic/extensional episode; (3) 40Ar/39Ar and K/Ar ages older than 230 Ma, and perhaps 210 Ma, are geologically meaningless due to the incorporation of excess 40Ar; and (4) Dabie ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks are temporally related to blueschist-facies rocks farther west in the suture zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]