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Agricultural soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a critical role in soil ecosystems, and SOC sequestration is a key ecosystem service. This study investigated the SOC fractions, including mineral‐incorporated organic carbon (MSC), intra‐particulate organic carbon (iPOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC), in bulk soil and water‐stable aggregates, as influenced by soil fertilization managements, using three treatments: no fertilizer (CK), chemical fertilizer (FR) and organic manure (OM). Fertilizer application significantly increased SOC content and its fractions (MSC, iPOC and MBC) compared to CK, and the effect of organic manure amendment had more impact on the SOC accumulation than chemical fertilizer. Macroaggregate (>250 μm)‐associated SOC, MSC and iPOC (including fine and coarse iPOC) increased by 22%–283%, 18%–84% and 45%–232%, respectively, in FR and OM treatments compared with CK. In addition, the iPOC:MSC ratio values (%) within all size aggregates were all increased in the FR (about 84%–183%) and OM (about 103%–230%) treatments compared to CK (about 65%–146%). Meanwhile, MBC:SOC ratio values were the highest (about 2.16%–3.07%) in small macroaggregates (250–2000 μm), but decreased sharply (about 2%–2.35%) in large macroaggregates (>2000 μm) in different treatments. Our findings suggested that macroaggregates were the main sites of carbon sequestration and that carbon became more unstable with the increase of SOC in aggregates. Furthermore, the microbial biomass showed obvious differentiation characteristics in macroaggregates (>250 μm). Specifically, small macroaggregates (250–2000 μm) contained more microbial biomass, and large macroaggregates (>2000 μm) were inclined to inhibit microbial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we proposed a substrate rotation‐enhanced Raman scattering (SRERS) effect. The substrate, prepared by the technology of texturization and electroplating, is fixed on the motor and rotates with it while collecting Raman signal. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of Raman intensity in multiple measurements is less than 9.1%, which indicates that the Raman signal is stable and reproducible based on the SRERS effect. What is more, this method eliminates the fluctuation of the local electric field intensity caused by the inhomogeneity of the substrate and makes the "equivalent hot spots" distributed uniformly on the whole surface. The quantitative analysis with the Rhodamine 6G (R6G) and the lipid‐soluble drug Oxaprozin (OXA) as the probe respectively has demonstrated that the Raman intensity of R6G at 612 cm−1 with respect to concentration tend to linear ranging from 10−10 to 10−8 mol/L with the correlation coefficient (R2) is more than 0.96, and the Raman intensity of OXA at 1,003 cm−1 with respect to concentration tend to linear ranging from 3.4 * 10−6 to 3.4 * 10−4 mol/L (prepared with 50% v/v ethanol) with the correlation coefficient (R2) is more than 0.97. The mechanism of SRERS is given, and the theory analysis indicates that the Raman signal obtained is the mean of a large number of laser‐scanning points' contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Tiny but highly efficient, a light‐emitting diode (LED) can power a therapy device, such as a phototherapy device, and, at the same time, decrease the device's size requirements. In this study, a LED phototherapy device was designed to investigate the possible impact on wound healing using a mouse model and a cell line exposed to red and blue light. To enhance wound phototherapy, a gelatin sponge was fabricated. Results showed that the red and blue lights promoted cell growth and wound healing, while the blue light with a gelatin sponge protected the wound from infection in the early stages of wound healing. The LED phototherapy device combined with the gelatin sponge, therefore, has potential significance in clinical application for wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry were time-consuming and expensive as the main methods for the drug analysis at present, and the samples must be pretreated. The Raman spectroscopy measurement methods were fast and simple, so the Raman spectroscopy methods for the drug analysis were explored in this paper. An optical fiber nano-probe coated with gold nanoparticles was fabricated and used with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to measure levofloxacin lactate. The resulting SERS spectra of levofloxacin lactate in mouse blood that was detected by the optical fiber nano-probe clearly showed the characteristic wave numbers of levofloxacin lactate, indicating that optical fiber nano-probes can be used with spectral techniques to analyze drugs in vitro or potentially even in vivo. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]