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Due to their identical building blocks and high surface‐to‐volume ratio, subnanomaterials exhibit significant properties compared to their bulk nanomaterial counterparts. The interactions between these building blocks can result in either equal or unequal sharing of electrons, leading to electron transfer in heterojunctions or electron delocalization within symmetric structures. Clusters, possessing electronic properties akin to atoms, can serve as reservoirs of electrons to stabilize crucial intermediates in catalytic reactions. This perspective provides a novel understanding of well‐defined subnanomaterials with distinct architectures, such as cluster‐based constructions and co‐assembled heterojunctions, emphasizing the relationship between electronic structures and catalytic properties. The objective is to provide novel perspectives on the realm of subnanomaterials and cluster‐based architectures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bee venom serves as an essential defensive weapon for bees and also finds application as a medicinal drug. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) serve as critical regulators and have been demonstrated to perform a variety of biological functions. However, the presence of miRNAs in bee venom needs to be confirmed. Therefore, we conducted small RNA sequencing and identified 158 known miRNAs, 15 conserved miRNAs and 4 novel miRNAs. It is noteworthy that ame‐miR‐1‐3p, the most abundant among them, accounted for over a quarter of all miRNA reads. To validate the function of ame‐miR‐1‐3p, we screened 28 candidate target genes using transcriptome sequencing and three target gene prediction software (miRanda, PITA and TargetScan) for ame‐miR‐1‐3p. Subsequently, we employed real‐time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR), Western blot and other technologies to confirm that ame‐miR‐1‐3p inhibits the relative expression of antizyme inhibitor 1 (AZIN1) by targeting the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of AZIN1. This, in turn, caused ODC antizyme 1 (OAZ1) to bind to ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC1) and mark ODC1 for proteolytic destruction. The reduction in functional ODC1 ultimately resulted in a decrease in polyamine biosynthesis. Furthermore, we determined that ame‐miR‐1‐3p accelerates cell death through the AZIN1/OAZ1‐ODC1‐polyamines pathway. Our studies demonstrate that ame‐miR‐1‐3p diminishes cell viability and it may collaborate with sPLA2 to enhance the defence capabilities of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). Collectively, these data further elucidate the defence mechanism of bee venom and expand the potential applications of bee venom in medical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autophagy could play suppressing role in cancer therapy by facilitating release of tumor antigens from dying cells and inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD). Therefore, discovery and rational design of more effective inducers of cytotoxic autophagy is expected to develop new strategies for finding innovative drugs for precise and successful cancer treatment. Herein, we develop MoO3‐x nanowires (MoO3‐x NWs) with high oxygen vacancy and strong photothermal responsivity to ablate tumors through hyperthermia, thus promote the induction of cytotoxic autophagy and severe ICD. As expected, the combination of MoO3‐x NWs and photothermal therapy (PTT) effectively induces autophagy to promote the release of tumor antigens from the ablated cells, and induces the maturation and antigen presentation of dendritic cells (DCs), subsequently activates cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)‐mediated adaptive immunity. Furthermore, the combination treatment of MoO3‐x NWs with immune checkpoint blockade of PD‐1 could promote the tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) polarization into tumor‐killing M1 macrophages, inhibit infiltration of Treg cells at tumor sites, and alleviate immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment, finally intensify the anti‐tumor activity in vivo. This study provides a strategy and preliminary elucidation of the mechanism of using MoO3‐x nanowires with high oxygen vacancy to induce autophagy and thus enhance photothermal immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semipolar {101¯1} InGaN quantum dots (QDs) formed on GaN V‐shaped pits by metal–organic vapor‐phase epitaxy (MOVPE) with a growth interruption method are reported. The 3D GaN V‐pit structures are directly grown on a patterned sapphire substrate (PSS). By adjusting the pattern arrangement direction on the substrate, it is observed in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image that elliptical QDs are formed on the {101¯1} semipolar sidewalls of the V‐pits with a density of about 5 × 1010 cm−2. The emission wavelength of semipolar InGaN QDs is confirmed by cathodoluminescence (CL). The gradient distribution of In composition and QD size are observed along the sidewall of the V‐pits. On this basis, a three‐period semipolar InGaN QD sample is prepared. For the temperature‐dependent photoluminescence (TDPL) test, the prominent peak of the sample shows a blueshift with the increase in temperature and reaches the green band (≈523 nm) at room temperature (RT). According to time‐resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) decay curves, a carrier lifetime of 329.3 ps fit by the stretched exponential model is obtained at RT. Compared with c‐plane QDs with the same growth method, the semipolar QDs have a shorter radiative recombination lifetime due to suppressed polarization electric field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selenium (Se) is an important trace element for human body, and the fruit Se source is one option for human Se supplementation. To increase grapevine uptake of Se, grape seedlings were transplanted in soils supplemented with sodium selenite, and the concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 g L−1 chitosan were sprayed on grapevine seedling leaves. Next, the effects of chitosan on grapevine Se uptake were studied. The chitosan‐based foliar application increased the biomass, photosynthetic pigment content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and soluble protein content of grapevine. Chitosan application also increased the total Se, inorganic Se, and organic Se contents in grapevine. However, while the root organic Se was increased, the shoot inorganic Se was decreased. Compared to the control, the concentrations of 1, 2, 4, and 6 g L−1 chitosan increased the shoot total Se content by 9.29%, 12.39%, 17.70%, and 14.16%, respectively. Chitosan application also increased the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) contents in grapevine. Moreover, correlation, gray relational, principal component, and cluster analyses revealed that the root total Se, shoot total N, and root total K contents were the top three indicators closely associated with the shoot total Se content. Therefore, foliar‐based chitosan application on grape seedlings can promote the Se uptake in grapevine under sodium selenite supply, and 4 g L−1 is the best concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc‐air batteries (ZABs) have attracted considerable attention for their high energy density, safety, low noise, and eco‐friendliness. However, the capacity of mechanically rechargeable ZABs was limited by the cumbersome procedure for replacing the zinc anode, while electrically rechargeable ZABs suffer from issues including low depth of discharge, zinc dendrite and dead zinc formation, and sluggish oxygen evolution reaction, etc. To address these issues, we report a hybrid redox‐mediated zinc‐air fuel cell (HRM‐ZAFC) utilizing 7,8‐dihydroxyphenazine‐2‐sulfonic acid (DHPS) as the anolyte redox mediator, which shifts the zinc oxidation reaction from the electrode surface to a separate fuel tank. This approach decouples fuel feeding and electricity generation, providing greater operation flexibility and scalability for large‐scale power generation applications. The DHPS‐mediated ZAFC exhibited a superior peak power density of 0.51 W/cm2 and a continuous discharge capacity of 48.82 Ah with ZnO as the discharge product in the tank, highlighting its potential for power generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) continues to pose a significant mortality risk with a lack of dependable biomarkers for early noninvasive cancer detection. Here, we find that aberrant lipid metabolism is significantly enriched in lung cancer cells. Further, we identified four signature lipids highly associated with LUAD and developed a lipid signature-based scoring model (LSRscore). Evaluation of LSRscore in a discovery cohort reveals a robust predictive capability for LUAD (AUC: 0.972), a result further validated in an independent cohort (AUC: 0.92). We highlight one lipid signature biomarker, PE(18:0/18:1), consistently exhibiting altered levels both in cancer tissue and in plasma of LUAD patients, demonstrating significant predictive power for early-stage LUAD. Transcriptome analysis reveals an association between increased PE(18:0/18:1) levels and dysregulated glycerophospholipid metabolism, which consistently displays strong prognostic value across two LUAD cohorts. The combined utility of LSRscore and PE(18:0/18:1) holds promise for early-stage diagnosis and prognosis of LUAD. Synopsis: Early detection of lung cancer by developing reliable biomarkers to improve the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients is urgently needed. In this study we identified four signature lipids highly associated with LUAD and developed a lipid signature-based scoring model (LSRscore) for early cancer diagnosis. LSRscore achieves AUC > 0.9 in a discovery cohort and in an independent validation cohort. Lipid signature biomarker, PE(18:0/18:1), exhibits a strong predictive power for early-stage LUAD. Increased levels of PE(18:0/18:1) are associated with dysregulated glycerophospholipid metabolism. Early detection of lung cancer by developing reliable biomarkers to improve the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients is urgently needed. In this study we identified four signature lipids highly associated with LUAD and developed a lipid signature-based scoring model (LSRscore) for early cancer diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, corn straw polysaccharides (CSPs) were successfully isolated from a corn straw medium by cellulose‐degrading actinomyces in complex flora. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the extraction conditions. Under the optimum conditions of fermentation time of 12 days and initial corn straw concentration of 50 g/L, the polysaccharide yield reached 2159.23 mg/L. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography, and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the CSP structure. The results showed that the CSPs consisted of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, glucose, mannose, and galactose with a molar ratio of 1.0:13.4:16.8:3.0:2.7:8.4, respectively. In addition, the CSP surface was covered with irregular spherical particles. The antioxidant assays suggested that the CSPs have strong scavenging effects of 87.33% and 69.95% on hydroxyl and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radicals at concentrations of 0.80 and 0.40 mg/mL, respectively. Further, CSP demonstrated its potential for development as a natural antioxidant. This work offered an environmentally microbial process for the extraction of polysaccharide from low‐cost corn straw. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing research on the measurement of the valuation effect mainly follows the residual method proposed by Lane and Milesi‐Ferretti (2001). This cannot be used to perform structural decomposition. We propose an aggregation approach rather than the residual method to measure structurally the investment flow and valuation effect of China's external assets. The results indicate that the valuation effect of China's external assets has been highly volatile and it was negative during the pandemic period. The structural decomposition shows that portfolio investment and direct investment made the main contributions to the valuation effect. The impact of exchange rates on the valuation effect has generally been higher than that of asset price in terms of direct investment and total external assets but the opposite has been true for portfolio investment. China's outward investments are currently more inclined to Asian countries and a few European countries but inflows to China still mainly come from developed countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textile‐based flexible alternating current electroluminescent devices have attracted extensive research interest due to their great potential in the fields of illumination and display, information interaction, smart wear, visual sensing, and trendy decoration. However, the challenge remains to easily and efficiently fabricate electroluminescent devices with high brightness and excellent durability. In this study, a fully sprayed method for fabricating electroluminescent devices on fabric is proposed. Based on the top‐emitting structure, light‐emitting e‐textiles with bright light emission are successfully prepared using highly conductive eutectic gallium–indium alloy and silver nanowires as the bottom and top electrodes, respectively, and high dielectric constant composites as the dielectric layer. Here, the brightness enhancement mechanism of high dielectric constant dielectric layers is explained for alternating current electroluminescence devices with top‐emitting structure. The devices have a brightness of up to 338.6 cd m−2 and are resistant to all forms of physical damage. This work may be a feasible path to simplify the process and reduce the cost, and may effectively promote the industrialization of wearable electroluminescent devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been proposed for electrochemical energy storage, although the poor conductivity resulted from covalent bonds limits their practical performance. Here, we propose to introduce noncovalent bonds in COFs through a molecular insertion strategy for improving the conductivity of the COFs as supercapacitor. The synthesized COFs (MI−COFs) establish equilibriums between covalent bonds and noncovalent bonds, which construct a continuous charge transfer channel to enhance the conductivity. The rapid charge transfer rate enables the COFs to activate the redox sites, bringing about excellent electrochemical energy storage behavior. The results show that the MI−COFs exhibit much better performance in specific capacitance and capacity retention rate than those of most COFs‐based supercapacitors. Moreover, through simply altering inserted guests, the mode and strength of noncovalent bond can be adjusted to obtain different energy storage characteristics. The introduction of noncovalent bonds is an effective and flexible way to enhance and regulate the properties of COFs, providing a valuable direction for the development of novel COFs‐based energy storage materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self‐assembly of subnanometer (sub‐1 nm) scale polyhedral building blocks can yield some superstructures with novel and interesting morphology as well as potential functionalities. However, achieving the self‐assembly of sub‐1 nm polyhedral building blocks is still a great challenge. Herein, through encapsulating the titanium‐substituted polyoxometalate (POM, K7PTi2W10O40) with tetrabutylammonium cations (TBA+), we first synthesized a sub‐1 nm rhombic dodecahedral building block by further tailoring the spatial distribution of TBA+ on the POM. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrated the eight TBA+ cations interacted with the POM cluster and formed the sub‐1 nm rhombic dodecahedron. As a result of anisotropy, the sub‐1 nm building blocks have self‐assembled into rhombic dodecahedral POM (RD‐POM) assemblies at the microscale. Benefiting from the regular structure, Br− ions, and abundant active sites, the obtained RD‐POM assemblies exhibit excellent catalytic performance in the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides without co‐catalysts. This work provides a promising approach to tailor the symmetry and structure of sub‐1 nm building blocks by tuning the spatial distribution of ligands, which may shed light on the fabrication of superstructures with novel properties by self‐assembly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We empirically document that industries that are more R&D intensive exhibit disproportionately greater innovation quantity and better innovation quality in economies with more human capital. Firm‐level evidence confirms that innovation is an important channel through which firm responds to labor market conditions. Further analyses show that in economies with greater human capital, firms better able to innovate exhibit larger increase in labor productivity and capital–labor ratio, an effect driven by deceases in employment and increase in intangible capital investment. By facilitating the adjustment in input mix and capital structure, human capital accumulation allows firms with high innovation ability to enhance firm equity value and improve firm performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advent of energy crisis and stringent emission regulations, natural gas (NG)/diesel dual‐fuel engines have entered the popular view. In this paper, the accurate boundary conditions are determined by the Converge model and the transient parameters were introduced into the chemical kinetics model to make the operating conditions more closely match the actual engine operating conditions. The effects of different methane/n‐heptane ratios, initial temperatures, initial pressures, and equivalence ratios on the IDT of methane/n‐heptane fuel mixtures were analyzed using comprehensive chemical kinetic tools such as mole fraction analysis, ROP analysis, and sensitivity analysis. The IDT of methane/n‐heptane mixture decreased significantly with increasing the equivalence ratio, initial pressure, and the proportion of n‐heptane in the mixture, but the change of temperature was more complicated for the IDT. The NTC behavior of methane/n‐heptane mixture was also affected by the NTC behavior of n‐heptane. With the increase of initial temperature, the consumption of methane and n‐heptane appeared to be significantly accelerated. The peak of radicals and intermediate groups appeared earliest and had the highest radical concentration when the n‐heptane content was 30%. With the increase of initial pressure, the peak moments of the six radicals were further advanced, but the mole concentrations of O, OH, H radicals decreased significantly. This paper not only provides a reference for the design of NG/diesel dual‐fuel engines, but also provides a theoretical basis and data support for improving the ignition and initial condition setting strategies of the engines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dysarthria is common in movement disorders, such as Wilson's disease (WD), Parkinson's disease, or Huntington's disease. Dysarthria severity assessment is often indispensable for the management of these diseases. However, such assessment is usually labor‐intensive, time‐consuming, and expensive. To seek efficient and cost‐effective solutions for dysarthria assessment, an artificial intelligence (AI)‐powered acoustic analysis system is proposed and its performance in a valuable sample of WD, an ideal disease model with mainly mixed dysarthria, is verified. A test‐retest reliability analysis yields excellent reproducibility in the acoustic measures (mean intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.81). Then, a system for dysarthria assessment is trained with WD patients (n = 65) and sex‐matched healthy controls (n = 65) using a machine learning approach. The system achieves reasonable performance in evaluating dysarthria severity with either stepwise classification or regression (all areas under the curve >80%; mean absolute error = 6.25, r = 0.79, p < 0.0001). The diadochokinesis and sustained phonation tasks contribute the most to prediction, and the corresponding acoustic features can provide significant and independent contributions. The present study demonstrates the feasibility and good performance of the AI‐powered acoustic analysis framework, offering the potential to facilitate early screening and subsequent management of dysarthria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal oxide (TMO) anode materials in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) usually suffer from serious volume expansion leading to the pulverization of structures, further giving rise to lower specific capacity and worse cycling stability. Herein, by introducing polyoxometalate (POM) clusters into TMOs and precisely controlling the amount of POMs, the MnZnCuOx‐phosphomolybdic acid hybrid sub‐1 nm nanosheets (MZC‐PMA HSNSs) anode is successfully fabricated, where the special electron rich structure of POMs is conducive to accelerating the migration of lithium ions on the anode to obtain higher specific capacity, and the non‐covalent interactions between POMs and TMOs make the HSNSs possess excellent structural and chemical stability, thus exhibiting outstanding electrochemical performance in LIBs, achieving a high reversible capacity (1157 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1) and an admirable long‐term cycling stability at low and high current densities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two‐dimensional (2D) AIE‐inorganic nanocomposites exhibit high stability and high fluorescence activity. However, limited by the types and properties of 2D inorganic materials, it's challenging to realize complex structures and functions. We designed a quaternary ammonium‐type AIE ligand, TPECholine. We chose TPECholine and POM clusters as building blocks and synthesized a series of single‐layer nanosheets (SLNSs) by assembling LnW10 or P2W18 POM clusters with TPECholine. By regulating the types of POM clusters and ligands, the morphology and fluorescence intensity of the SLNSs can be finely tuned. Due to the restriction of the intramolecular motions of AIEgens by the SLNSs, nanosheets can exhibit promoted quantum yield (up to 76 %). In addition, thanks to the sub‐nanometric sizes and excess surface charges, SLNSs exhibit excellent solvent compatibility, including water, chloroform, ethanol, etc. And the nanosheets showed high fluorescence intensity in these solvents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, pyridine ring and pendent tert‐butyl were introduced into the diamine NTPA in view of improving the processability and transparency of the PIs via inhibiting charge‐transfer complexes (CTCs). Meanwhile, the amide linkage was simultaneously introduced in order to boost the thermal and mechanical properties of the PIs by reasonably increasing the polymer stiffness via noncovalent amide H‐bonding. The dianhydride BPADA was employed in the copolymerization with the diamine comonomers of NTPA with ODA in different ratios. Due to the presence of tert‐butyl and pyridine ring, the synthesized co‐PIs showed good optical properties with T500 higher than 75% for all co‐PIs, reaching 83% for homopolymer BPADA‐NTPA, higher solubility in organic solvents, and better hydrophobicity with maximum hydrostatic contact angle as high as 91.9°. Meanwhile, the amide H‐bonding increased the mechanical properties of co‐PIs with the maximum tensile strength reaching 127 MPa. Furthermore, amide H‐bonding exceedingly offset the reducing effects of pendent bulky butyl groups on the thermal properties of PIs, and the Tg of the co‐PIs containing NTPA moiety ranged in 244–298°C, remarkably higher than 218°C for homopolymer BPADA‐ODA. This work proved cooperative synergistic effects of multiple functional groups in balancing the general properties of co‐PIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diluents have an essential effect during combustion. Discovering the influence of CO2 and H2O as diluents on laminar burning velocity (LBV) is helpful for combustion control and optimization. In this study, CH4/air/CO2/H2O mixtures were investigated and validated using the FFCM‐Mech 1.0 over extensive boundary conditions. The chemical effects of the diluents CO2 and H2O were separated using a decoupling method. It was found that an increase in initial temperature promotes the chemical effects, while an increase in initial pressure does the opposite. In addition, the inhibiting effect of CO2 on LBV is stronger than that of H2O. Sensitivity, mole fraction, and rate of production (ROP) analyses were used to reveal that the sum of the chemical effects of adding CO2 and H2O separately was greater than the chemical effects of adding equal amounts of CO2 and H2O simultaneously. This paper not only investigates the effect of CO2 and H2O on the LBV under wide boundary conditions, but also offers a valuable guide for studying the operating conditions and intensity settings of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and theoretical guidance for further research on the combination of EGR and in‐cylinder water injection technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time periodic driving can serve as synthetic gauge fields and plays a key role in simulating dynamical topological materials. The periodically driven systems, where different spins (or sublattices) are engaged in the different dynamical driving processes are investigated. It is demonstrated that spin‐dependent time‐periodical periodic driving can result in shifted topological edge modes with non‐zero (nor ±ω2$\pm \frac{\omega }{2}$) quasi‐energies. Such shifted topological edge modes are not only related to the spin imbalance at each instantaneous time, but also the details of the dynamical driving. Here, it is also illustrated that the spin‐dependent time‐periodical driving can be conceived as the time‐spin coupling, and similar to the static spatial spin‐orbit coupling, tuning time‐spin coupling parameters can lead to topological phase transitions. Experimental simulations on the spin‐dependent time‐periodic driving are proposed by shaking optical super‐lattices and Raman assisted tunneling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is the largest contributor to the global total anthropogenic mercury (Hg) emissions. However, the trend in anthropogenic Hg emissions in recent years in China has not been effectively evaluated due to the lack of long‐term atmospheric Hg observations. This study documents the changes in atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) concentrations and isotopic compositions at Mt. Changbai (MCB) in northeastern China during 2015–2021 and Mt. Ailao (MAL) in southwestern China during 2017–2021, and explores the potential factors controlling these changes. GEM concentrations showed continuous declines from 2015 to 2021 (−2.1 ± 0.6% yr−1) at MCB and from 2017 to 2021 (−4.0 ± 1.4% yr−1) at MAL. Accompanied with these GEM declines are positive shifts in δ202Hg (medians: from 0.42 to 0.46‰ at MCB and from 0.17 to 0.57‰ at MAL), and negative shifts in Δ199Hg (medians: from −0.17‰ to −0.21‰ at MCB and from −0.10‰ to −0.17‰ at MAL) and Δ200Hg values (medians: from −0.07‰ to −0.08‰ at MCB and from −0.03‰ to −0.05‰ at MAL) (at significant levels for Δ199Hg at MCB and δ202Hg and Δ199Hg at MAL). These changes were mainly caused by the decreases in regional anthropogenic emissions in the study areas. Based on a ternary mixing model with Δ199Hg and Δ200Hg as input, we estimate decline rates of 5.8 ± 2.8 and 4.8 ± 3.0% yr−1 for the regional anthropogenic GEM emissions in northeastern and southwestern China, respectively. Plain Language Summary: Long‐term observations of atmospheric mercury (Hg) are important for evaluating the effectiveness of the Minamata Convention on Mercury. China is one of the largest anthropogenic atmospheric Hg emission regions in the world, and the temporal change in Chinese anthropogenic atmospheric Hg emissions plays an important role in global Hg cycling. However, long‐term observations of atmospheric Hg in China are very limited, which makes it difficult to constrain the trend in atmospheric Hg concentrations in China and hampers our capability to evaluate the temporal changes in Chinese anthropogenic atmospheric Hg emissions. This study measures the gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) concentrations and isotopic compositions at two rural sites in China during 2015–2021 and 2017–2021, respectively. The results show rapid declines (−4.0%–−2.1% yr−1) in GEM concentrations at the two sampling sites over the past 5–7 years, which are companied by systematically consistent increase of δ202Hg and decrease of Δ199Hg and Δ200Hg values. Our observations indicate that the GEM declines are mainly driven by reduced anthropogenic emissions, and the reduction rates of regional anthropogenic emissions are estimated to be in the range of 4.8%–5.8% over the past 5–7 years. Key Points: Continuous observations of atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) show significant decreasing trends over the past 5–7 yearsSlight increase of δ202Hg and decrease of Δ199Hg and Δ200Hg with decreasing GEM concentration are observedChanges in GEM concentrations and isotope compositions are mainly driven by reduced anthropogenic emissions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(Ⅵ)] is a highly toxic contaminant in aquatic systems, and microalgae represent promising bioremediators of metal‐containing wastewater. However, the metal‐binding capacity of algal cells is limited. Therefore, we improved the cellular Cr(Ⅵ) biosorption capacity of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by overexpressing the sulfate transporter gene SULTR2. SULTR2 was predominantly located in the cytoplasm of the cell, and few proteins mobilized to the cell membrane as a Cr transporter under Cr stress conditions. Intracellular Cr accumulation was almost doubled in SULTR2‐overexpressing transgenic strains after exposure to 30 μM K2Cr2O7 for 4 d. Alginate‐based immobilization increased the rate of Cr removal from 43.81% to 88.15% for SULTR2‐overexpressing transgenic strains after exposure to 10 μM K2Cr2O7 for 6 d. The immobilized cells also displayed a significant increase in nutrient removal efficiency compared to that of free‐swimming cells. Therefore, SULTR2 overexpression in algae has a great potential for the bioremediation of Cr(Ⅵ)‐containing wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel approach to various trisubstituted oxazoles (28 examples, up to 88% yield) has been developed via 9H‐thioxanthen‐9‐one (TX) mediated oxidative annulation of N‐acetyl enamide under visible light irradiation in the presence of BF3 ⋅ Et2O (2.0 equiv) and 40 mol% of PhNO2. This metal‐free procedure features high atom and step economy, green and mild conditions and broad substrate scope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer dielectrics with high breakdown strength (Eb) and high efficiency are urgently demanded in advanced electrical and electronic systems, yet their energy density (Ue) is limited due to low dielectric constant and high loss at elevated temperatures. Conventional inorganic fillers with diameters from nano to micrometers can only increase er at the cost of compromised Eb and Ue due to their poor compatibility with polymer matrix. Herein, hydroxyapa-tite (HAP) sub-nanowires with a diameter of "0.9 nm are incorporated in polyetherimide (PEI) matrix to form HAP/PEI sub-nanocomposites. er and Eb of the composites are concomitantly enhanced with only 0.5 wt.% of HAP sub-nanowires, leading to high Ue of 5.14 (@150 °C) and 3.1 J cm-3 (@200 °C] with efficiency of 90% and high-temperature stability up to 3 x 105 chargedischarge cycles at 200 °C. Microstructural analysis and molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the sub-nanowires with comparable diameter as polymer chains induce enormous interfacial area, substantially increase mobility of polymer chains and form dense traps for charge carriers. This work extends the current research scope of polymer-inorganics composite dielectrics to the sub-nano-level incorporation and provides a novel strategy for fabricating high performance polymer dielectrics at elevated temperatures [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the state estimation problem for a class of nonlinear complex networks (CNs) under attack. First, a novel important‐data‐based (IDB) attack strategy is skillfully proposed from the adversary's point of view to maximize the attack effect. Different from most existing attack models, the IDB attacker has the ability to eavesdrop measurements and only attacks the packets which play an important role in the system. As such, a larger system performance degradation can be expected. Second, a new kind of resilient H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ estimator is designed, from the perspective of the defenders, to alleviate the negative effect of the attack. In a word, a novel unified attack‐defense framework for nonlinear CNs is established. In order to make up for the defect that the IDB attacker's parameter is unknown to the defender, an algorithm is developed to approximate the attack parameter. With the help of the Lyapunov functional method, sufficient conditions are obtained to resist the proposed IDB attack and ensure the H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ performance of the augmented system. At last, two examples are given to demonstrate the destructiveness of the proposed IDB attack strategy and the effectiveness of the developed resilient H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ estimator, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyoxometalate (POM) clusters with atomic precision structures are promising candidates construct functional nanomaterials via self‐assembly. Non‐covalent interactions at molecular levels can govern the self‐assembly of POM clusters, for which the precise control of POM‐based assemblies can be realized at single‐cluster levels. This mini‐review focuses on the synthesis and properties of POM‐based nanostructures, including amphiphilic POM assemblies and co‐assemblies of POM clusters and other subnanometer building blocks. Several synthetic strategies have been developed for rational control of POM‐based assemblies in terms of morphologies, compositions and properties. 1D subnanometer POM assemblies demonstrate remarkable enhanced mechanical properties due to the topological interactions between nanowires and surroundings. The in‐depth understanding of POM‐based assemblies may help in the design of functional nanomaterials in fundamental perspectives and applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relative importance of credit market development and stock market development in boosting innovation remains a long‐standing debate issue. In this study, we document how different types of financial markets development affect heterogeneous innovations. Using a broad sample across 42 developed and emerging economies and a generalized difference‐in‐differences identification strategy, we find that stock market development leads to significantly higher substantive innovation, especially in young and small firms, but has negative impact on incremental innovation. Conversely, credit market development promotes incremental innovation, especially in mature and large firms, but has negative impact on substantive innovation. Further analyses indicate that stronger shareholder protection enhances the positive impact of stock market on substantive innovation, while stronger creditor rights enhance the promoting effect of credit market on incremental innovation, and even turn the negative impact of credit market on substantive innovation into positive. Our paper provides new insights into the heterogeneous effects of credit market and equity markets on the real economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose RLP‐VIO—a robust and lightweight monocular visual‐inertial odometry system using multiplane priors. With planes extracted from the point cloud, visual‐inertial‐plane PnP uses the plane information for fast localization. Depth estimation is susceptible to degenerated motion, so the planes are expanded in a reprojection consensus‐based way robust to depth errors. For sensor fusion, our sliding‐window optimization uses a novel structureless plane‐distance error cost, which prevents the fill‐in effect that poisons the BA problem's sparsity and permits the use of a smaller sliding window while maintaining good accuracy. The total computational cost is further reduced with our modified marginalization strategy. To further improve the tracking robustness, the landmark depths are constrained using the planes during degenerated motion. The whole system is parallelized with a three‐stage pipeline. Under controlled environments, this parallelization runs deterministically and produces consistent results. The resulting VIO system is tested on widely used datasets and compared with several state‐of‐the‐art systems. Our system achieves competitive accuracy and works robustly even on long and challenging sequences. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system, we also show the AR application running on mobile devices in real‐time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep convective overshooting has been shown to transport water vapor into the midlatitude lower stratosphere. However, it has not been demonstrated how the convective water vapor plumes evolve after the overshoots collapse. Furthermore, there is a lack of characterization of the convective water vapor plumes, nor is it clear whether satellite instruments can observe the characteristics. We use a high‐resolution numerical weather prediction model to study a convective system over North America. Multiple overshoots transport water vapor in the overworld stratosphere, forming a moist layer between 16.2 and 16.8 km (389.8–399.7 K), with horizontal diameters of about 300–400 km, and a maximum water vapor mixing ratio of 10.0 ppmv (4.3 ppmv anomaly). Lagrangian trajectories and mass integrations show the overworld water vapor plumes are maintained after the convective system weakens. In the lowermost stratosphere (LMS), water vapor plumes are less stable and ice is present, because there is perturbation by ongoing convection. Lagrangian trajectories and mass integrations show the LMS parcels partly return to the troposphere, and that the LMS water vapor mass is reduced by half after the convection weakens. On average, the LMS moistening is between 15.0 and 15.8 km (362.6–382.0 K), with horizontal diameters of about 150 km, and a maximum water vapor mixing ratio of 31.1 ppmv (18.4 ppmv anomaly). Although current satellites have difficulty observing the fine structure of the convective water vapor plumes, a new satellite instrument under development (SHOW) with 1‐km vertical and 100‐km horizontal resolution will be able to verify the plume characteristics. Plain Language Summary: We use a high‐resolution numerical model to study convective moistening in the midlatitude lower stratosphere, including their evolution after the convection weakens, their observable characteristics, and whether their characteristics can be detected by satellite instruments. Our results show that the convective water vapor plumes above 380‐K potential temperature are stable in the stratosphere. They form a thin moist layer of 0.6 km with a horizontal size of about 300–400 km. The convective water vapor plumes closer to the tropopause and cloud tops contain ice, with vertical sizes of 0.8 km and horizontal sizes of about 150 km. They are less stable in the stratosphere, and their mass is reduced by half after the convection weakens. Current satellite instruments are limited by their resolutions in observing the characteristics of convective water vapor plumes. We show that new satellite instruments with a vertical resolution of 1 km will be able to observe the fine structures of convective water vapor plumes. Key Points: Water vapor plumes in the overworld stratosphere are more stable and maintain the mass in the stratosphere after the convection weakensWater vapor plumes in the lowermost stratosphere partly return to troposphere due to ongoing convective perturbationNew satellites with ≤ $\le $1‐km vertical resolution are required for observing the fine structure of the water vapor plumes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transplantation of a synthetic polymer nerve conduit carrying stem cells is promising for treating peripheral nerve injury. In this study, a micropatterned inner surface of polycaprolactone (PCL) nerve conduit cellularized with nasal respiratory mucosa‐derived ectoderm mesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) is adopted for peripheral nerve regeneration. The PCL microstructure grating is fabricated by soft nanoimprint lithography (NIL), whose templates can be easily transferred from the Ebeam photoresist pattern. The most suitable microstructure is carefully chosen to support EMSCs alignment and nerve regeneration. In vitro, the micropatterned PCL nerve conduit greatly enhanced the directional alignment of EMSCs and the MBP and S100 expression of myelin proteins. Additionally, the micropatterned conduit preseeded with EMSCs significantly stimulated the axon‐directed extension of neural stem cells. In vivo, micropatterned PCL conduits cotransplanted with EMSCs enhanced motor function and promoted sciatic nerve regeneration and extension in a rat model of sciatic nerve defect. Taken together, this "all‐in‐one" nerve guidance conduit makes sciatic nerve regeneration and morphological repairing accelerated, which has a potential clinical application in neural tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(B) Neutralization of different SARS-CoV-2 variant PsVs by sera collected at preboost, as well as 2 months and 4 months after the booster vaccination following the Delta breakthrough infection. RBD, receptor-binding domain. gl In summary, we observed limited enhancement of antibody and B-cell responses to prototype booster vaccination following SARS-CoV-2 Delta breakthrough infection. Limited enhancement of antibody and B-cell responses to prototype booster vaccination following SARS-CoV-2 Delta breakthrough infection. [Extracted from the article]

Sub‐nanowires (SNWs) exhibit great potential applications in nanocomposites owing to their high specific surface area, high flexibility, and similarity to polymer chains in dimension, which are a good entry point to bridge inorganic materials and polymer materials. Herein, we synthesized hydroxyapatite sub‐nanowires (HAP SNWs) and engineered hydroxyapatite sub‐nanowires/polyimide (HSP) gels and films by simple mixing of HAP SNWs and polyimide (PI). Benefiting from the interactions between HAP SNWs and PI, these nanocomposites were a continuous hybrid network. As the increase of HAP SNWs contents, the viscosity and modulus of HSP gels were greatly improved by one or two orders of magnitude compared with PI gel. HSP films not only maintained high transparency but also gained high haze, as well as exhibited enhanced Young's modulus. Thus, both HSP gels and films developed in this work are promising for various applications in coatings and high‐performance films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction/Aims: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common chronic complications of diabetes mellitus. Diabetic patients often have thyroid dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between low triiodothyronine (T3) syndrome and DPN in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: A retrospective review was performed of 928 patients with T2DM for whom data was available for clinical manifestations and nerve conduction studies (NCS), and of 134 non‐diabetic controls. The composite Z scores of conduction velocity and amplitude were calculated. Low T3 syndrome was defined as T3 levels below the lower limit of the reference interval. Results: Among the patients with T2DM, 632 (68.1%) had DPN, and a larger proportion of these patients presented with low T3 syndrome than patients without DPN. After adjusting for potential confounders, low T3 syndrome was independently associated with the occurrence of DPN (odds ratio [OR] = 2.049, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.319–3.181, p =.001) and the severity of DPN (OR = 1.597, 95% CI 1.030–2.476, p =.036). Adding the criterion of low T3 syndrome improved the prognostic performance of the traditional model (age + gender + diabetic duration + glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c]) for predicting DPN. Discussion: Low T3 syndrome is associated with a higher risk and increased severity of DPN in patients with T2DM. These findings suggest that low T3 syndrome could be a predictor for risk stratification in patients with T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on tooth surface design based on deep neural networks has recently achieved progress in terms of both accuracy and execution efficiency. However, unrealistic outputs are still a challenging issue, partially because of (1) the lack of semantic guidance, (2) the inability to discover and rectify false results, and (3) the lack of exploration of structural coherence in intermediate layers. In this paper, we present an approach to predict depth images for designed teeth based on a conditional generative adversarial network (CGAN) by incorporating semantic guidance. Moreover, the uncertainty of semantic inference is employed to improve the model outputs, and a structural coherence loss is proposed for adversarial learning to enhance the discrimination capability of the network in intermediate layers. We evaluate the performance of our approach with the Shining3D tooth dataset. The experimental results show that our method produces better results than the other available approaches in terms of accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pressure measurement within each boundary pipe of a tree network has been the prerequisite to the formulation of its factorized transient wave propagation model, which is essential for developing a robust and efficient leak localization algorithm. However, the accessibility of all boundary pipes cannot be always guaranteed in underground pipe networks. The inaccessibility of any one boundary pipe for pressure sensor placement would result in the complete invalidity of this elegant algorithm. To address this problem, this paper reformulates and modifies the factorized wave propagation model, which allows the leak localization algorithm to be implemented without the strict accessibility requirement of all boundary pipes. This is realized by linearizing and factorizing the point transfer matrices of boundary pipes based on the small leak approximation. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the modified algorithm can accurately localize a single leak and give a good estimation of multiple co‐existing leaks in a tree network. Moreover, the modified algorithm is verified by recent laboratory experiments conducted in a tree network of viscoelastic pipes, where a leak is successfully localized. Key Points: A modified transient wave model is formulated in a general tree pipe network, where the leak location and size are factorizedAn efficient and robust leak localization method can be implemented without the strict accessibility requirements of all boundary pipesNumerical and laboratory experiments confirm that a leak anywhere in a tree network can be localized accurately by the proposed algorithm [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) transcription factors play crucial roles in plant abiotic stresses. However, little is known about the role of TCP genes in the drought stress tolerance of apple. Here, we found that abscisic acid (ABA) and drought treatment reduced the expression of MdTCP46, and overexpression of MdTCP46 reduced ABA sensitivity and drought stress resistance. MdTCP46 was found to interact with MdABI5 both in vitro and in vivo, and this interaction was essential for drought resistance via the ABA‐dependent pathway. Overexpression of MdABI5 enhanced ABA sensitivity and drought stress resistance by directly activating the expression of MdEM6 and MdRD29A. MdTCP46 significantly suppressed the transcriptional activity of MdABI5, thereby negatively regulating MdABI5‐mediated ABA signalling and drought response. Overall, our results demonstrate that the MdTCP46‐MdABI5‐MdEM6/MdRD29A regulatory module plays a key role in the modulation of ABA signalling and the drought stress response. These findings provide new insight into the role of MdTCP46 in ABA signalling and abiotic stress responses. Summary statement: MdABI5 enhances abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity and drought stress resistance by directly activating the expression of MdEM6 and MdRD29A. MdTCP46 interacts with MdABI5 and significantly suppresses the transcriptional activity of MdABI5, thereby negatively regulating MdABI5‐mediated ABA signalling and drought response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A previous paper proposed an accurate and efficient matched‐field processing method for leak localization in looped pipe networks based on the known discharge and pressure head (i.e., hydraulic properties) at all internal nodes. However, the computation of these internal hydraulic properties from boundary measurements is an ill‐conditioned inverse problem: for a small perturbation in the boundary measurements there is a huge change in the internal hydraulic properties. We prove and clarify the invalidity of the classic Tikhonov regularization for this ill‐conditioned problem. As an alternative, this paper derives the theoretical upper bounds of noise‐induced errors, based on which a threshold is determined for identifying ill‐conditioned frequencies. The leak localization is implemented by discarding wave information at all ill‐conditioned frequencies. This results in an efficient and robust algorithm for leak localization in noisy environments. Numerical experiments demonstrate that an unknown leak anywhere in looped pipe networks can be accurately localized by the proposed algorithm. Key Points: The invalidity of the classic Tikhonov regularization for ill‐conditioned problems of the previous paper is proved and clarifiedAs an alternative, the theoretical upper bounds of amplified noise are derived, which are used for identifying ill‐conditioned frequenciesAccurate and robust leak localization is realized in noisy environments by discarding wave information at all ill‐conditioned frequencies [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) has not been included in the tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) staging manual of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to investigate the predictive value of LVI on stage IA NSCLC and proposed a method of incorporating LVI into the T category based on the latest TNM staging manual. Methods: The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)‐penalized Cox multivariable regression model was performed to identify prognostic factors. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to compare overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) between groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to minimize bias. Results: A total of 1452 eligible stage I NSCLC cases (stage IA without LVI, 1022 cases; stage IA with LVI, 120 cases; stage IB, 310 cases) were included. LASSO‐penalized multivariable Cox analysis revealed that LVI was an independent prognostic factor for both OS and DFS. Survival analysis demonstrated that the survivals of stage IA NSCLCs without LVI were better than those of stage IA with LVI and stage IB NSCLCs. In the matched cohort, the survivals of stage IA NSCLCs with LVI were comparable to those of stage IB NSCLCs. Conclusions: Stage IA NSCLCs with LVI and stage IB NSCLCs had similar survivals, and we proposed that LVI might be a non‐sized T descriptor that upstaged stage IA diseases to stage IB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although significant progress is achieved for the synthesis of noble metal‐based nanocrystals (NCs), the construction of nanostructures with switchable dimensionality is not reported yet. Herein, a facile and general approach for the synthesis of multimetallic (PtCuPb and PtAgPb) NCs with dimensional‐switching properties by manipulating the reduction rate involved in the growth of 2D nanosheets (2D‐NS) and 1D nanowires (1D‐NW) is presented. At a slow reduction rate, PtCuPb and PtAgPb NCs grow to form 2D‐NS, in contrast, at a fast reduction rate, dimensionality alteration occurs to form 1D‐NW. This 2D‐NS to 1D‐NW transition generates compressive surface strain in PtCuPb‐NW with unique intermetallic core, active surface composition and exposes facet to boost oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In PtCuPb‐NW, compressive strain shifting the d‐band electronic structure of platinum and weakening chemisorption of oxygenated species are shown. In detail, PtCuPb‐NW/C exhibits superior specific and mass activities (4.91 mA cm−2 and 2.65 A mgPt−1) for ORR that are ≈19 and ≈15 times higher than the commercial Pt/C. The observations made and chemical principles unveiled in this effort indicate that a general approach exists for dimensional‐switching and show a new class of Pt‐based electrocatalysts with enhanced performance for fuel cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Significant knowledge gaps in mercury (Hg) cycling challenge our ability to assess the effectiveness of the Minamata Convention on Mercury in reducing human and wildlife Hg exposure due to the complicated impacts of climate change. In this study, we comprehensively quantified the Hg spatial distribution and determined the Hg stable isotopes to understand the Hg sources and accumulation pathways in forests along the timberline ecotone, an ecosystem that provides an early bellwether of global warming effects. Our results show that although there were subtle variations in meteorological and environmental conditions among the <50 m elevation variation, a spruce to shrub vegetation structure shift led to a distinct decrease in vegetation and soil Hg pool sizes by 36%–56% along the timberline ecotone. Further Hg isotopic evidence verified that vegetation‐induced atmospheric Hg0 deposition was the main source for Hg accumulation in soils, and the source contribution of such input decreases from 73% to 45% along the timberline ecotone. Our results indicate that if global warming induced a spruce tree line upward shift, it would significantly promote the atmospheric Hg burden, thus resulting in a conspicuous "Hg hotspot". We recommend further studies to assess the Hg ecological risk promoted by global warming in alpine ecosystems. Plain Language Summary: We comprehensively quantified the Hg spatial distribution and determined the Hg stable isotopes in forests along the timberline ecotone, which provides an early bellwether of global warming effects. The results highlight that the shift in vegetation structure along the timberline ecotone induces distinct dynamics in the Hg pool size. The Hg isotopic evidence shows that vegetation‐induced atmospheric Hg0 deposition is the dominant pathway for Hg accumulation in forests. The decreasing atmospheric Hg0‐induced deposition along the timberline ecotone is associated with a decrease in vegetation biomass but a slight increase in cloud water‐induced atmospheric Hg2+ deposition at the upper sites. Such a shift in the atmospheric Hg deposition pathway provides new insight into understanding Hg accumulation in response to climate change in alpine forests. Key Points: Significantly different Hg pool is along the timberline ecotone, even at a fine scaleHg isotopes depict the distinct process of Hg biogeochemistry along the timberline ecotoneGlobal warming‐induced upward tree line shifts would significantly promote the atmospheric Hg burden of alpine forests [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intercropping with hyperaccumulators can decrease the cadmium (Cd) uptake in non‐hyperaccumulators, but there are few studies on fruit trees. To decrease the Cd uptake in fruit trees, three Cd‐hyperaccumulator Solanum species (Solanum nigrum var. humile, Solanum americanum, and Solanum photeinocarpum) were intercropped with Amygdalus persica seedlings, and the effects of intercropping with Solanum species on the Cd and nutrient uptakes in A. persica were studied. Intercropping with S. nigrum var. humile increased the biomass of A. persica, while intercropping with S. americanum and S. photeinocarpum decreased that. Intercropping with A. persica increased the biomass of three Solanum species. Intercropping promoted the phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) uptakes in both A. persica and Solanum species. For Cd uptake, intercropping reduced the Cd uptake in A. persica and enhanced the Cd uptake and extraction in Solanum species. Correlation analysis showed that the Cd and K had antagonistic effect in aboveground of A. persica. Therefore, A. persica intercropped with Solanum species can reduce the Cd uptake in A. persica and improve the phytoremediation abilities of Solanum species, which is suitable for the Cd‐contaminated peach orchard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sub‐1 nm nanowires (SNWs) combine the properties of inorganic materials and polymers. They can be highly oriented through assembly, and can also be easily processed. Meanwhile, aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) show high potential for optical applications, but they are usually hard to process. The combination of SNWs and AIEgens can enrich both of their applications. In this study, we report that the fluorescence emission intensity of the AIEgens–SNW dispersion is dramatically enhanced due to the flexibility of SNWs. Furthermore, we fabricate two kinds of functional films with circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) and linearly polarized luminescence (LPL) activities. The construction of CPL materials didn't require any chiral chemicals. The construction of LPL materials didn't require an additional stretching process. As a result, we endowed common achiral AIEgens with a high dissymmetry factor of 0.033 and a polarization ratio of 0.44, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]