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The rapid development of wearable electronics requires energy storage devices capable of withstanding both static and dynamic deformations. The versatility of textile supercapacitors renders them promising candidates, but their low electrochemical performance especially under mechanical deformation, poses many limitations for practical use. In this study, MXene‐based textile supercapacitors are designed and fabricated using hierarchical spacer fabrics as the skeleton to provide robust mechanical support and stable performance. Ti3C2Tx MXene is adopted as the current collector and active material for the spacer fabric supercapacitor, resulting in an impressive areal capacitance of 415 mF cm−2 with a MXene loading of 4.2 mg cm−2. Remarkable stability and durability are achieved in the form of three‐dimensional (3D) textile supercapacitors, even under both static and dynamic deformations. The compressive behaviors of these supercapacitors can be easily adjusted (e.g., from 10 to 168 KPa at 50% compression) by altering the spacer fabric structure, demonstrating their energy‐absorption (damping of kinetic energy) capability and their potential to meet the requirements of various wearable applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Effective systemic therapy remains limited for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), particularly after prior failed treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Theoretically, a combination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with ICIs may restore immunotherapy sensitivity. Methods: In this phase 1b study, patients received AL2846, an antiangiogenic TKI with multiple targets (c‐MET, VEGFR1, c‐KIT, Axl, RET, KDR, and VEGFR3), in combination with an anti–PD‐L1 antibody (TQB2450) until disease progression, intolerable toxicity, death, or discontinuation for any cause. The primary end points included overall response rate (ORR) and safety, with secondary end points encompassing progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), disease control rate (DCR), and duration of response. Results: Between November 2021 and September 2022, 18 patients with ESCC and 15 patients with HCC, whose ORR was 11.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.1%–32.8%) and 0%, respectively, were enrolled. Adverse events (AEs) of any grade and treatment‐related AEs were documented in 32 patients (97.0%) and 31 patients (93.9%), respectively. Grade 3 or higher AEs were observed in 10 patients (30.3%), with vomiting (6.1%) and infectious pneumonia (9.1%) being the most prevalent. Median PFS and OS values were 3.22 months (95% CI, 1.35–5.68 months) and 5.98 months (95% CI, 3.71–8.87 months), respectively, in patients with ESCC, and 5.55 months (95% CI, 2.66 months to not evaluable [NE]) and 16.72 months (95% CI, 4.86 months to NE), respectively, in patients with HCC. The DCRs were 66.7% (95% CI, 43.75%–83.72%) in patients with ESCC and 73.3% (95% CI, 48.05%–89.10%) in patients with HCC. Conclusions: Combined TQB2450 and AL2846 therapy exhibited a favorable safety profile in immunotherapy‐refractory patients with advanced ESCC and HCC. This single‐arm, multicenter, open‐label, phase 1b cohort trial aimed to estimate the safety and efficacy of anti–PD‐L1 antibody TQB2450 and tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor AL2846 combination therapy in patients with immunotherapy‐refractory advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The combination therapy exhibited a favorable safety profile in immunotherapy‐refractory patients with advanced ESCC and HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The hard double‐walled structure of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder (GLSP) is difficult for the human body to digest, so it is very important to break the wall of GLSP. In this study, the wall of GLSP was broken by mechanical milling at room temperature (MM‐R) and ultra‐fine grinding at low temperature (UFG‐L), respectively. RESULTS: Compared with MM‐R, UFG‐L could better retain the sporangium powder's morphological and structural integrity. During in vitro digestion, compared with unbroken GLSP, the released amounts of polysaccharides and triterpenes from broken GLSP were significantly increased, and they increased with the increase of specific surface area. The bioaccessibility of polysaccharide and triterpene from unbroken GLSP after the intestinal stage were 29.52% and 5.37%, respectively. The bioaccessibility of polysaccharides and triterpene from broken GLSP by MM‐R after the intestinal phase were 39.73–72.45% and 16.44–24.97%, while those by UFG‐L were 44.53–104.18% and 12.96–32.90%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The active ingredients of broken GLSP showed better digestion and absorption abilities than unbroken GLSP. Moreover, the specific surface area of GLSP by UFG‐L was lower than that by MM‐R, and the bioaccessibility of GLSP by UFG‐L was higher than that by MM‐R. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the dynamics of ice crystal growth and stress distribution in nanoconfined spaces using molecular dynamics simulations. First, the interaction between the pore wall and coarse‐grained water is modified, leading to the development of pore models with varying wettability. Subsequently, the process of ice crystal growth within pores of 10 nm diameter is examined under different temperatures and hydrophobicity conditions. Results unveil that ice crystal growth induces substantial energy and enthalpy alterations within the system. Hydrophobic nanopores demonstrate a protective function by limiting ice crystal growth and water transport, thereby mitigating freezing damage. However, hydrophobic nanopores exhibit increased stress levels when saturated with water. The study employs the Zener pinning theory and mass transfer rates to qualitatively scrutinize the thermodynamic and kinetic interplay between the ice crystal interface and the degree of supercooling. These findings offer insights into the mechanisms of ice formation and stress evolution in nanoconfined environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is imperative to develop a comprehensive understanding of phase separation mechanisms in multi‐phase oxy‐fluoride glass ceramics (GCs) to customize their structural and optical characteristics for particular applications in photonics. The manuscript utilizes molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to examine the phase separation mechanisms in SiO2–Al2O3–SrF2–ZnF2–LnF3‐CrF3 (where Ln represents the lanthanide elements) GCs during the simultaneous precipitation of SrF2: Ln3+ and ZnAl2O4: Cr3+ nanocrystals. Insights into the atomic‐level interactions that regulate the separation and formation of distinct phases rich in fluoride and oxide are obtained through MD simulations. The results reveal that Sr2+ and Ln3+ ions partition preferentially into the fluoride phase, whereas Zn2+ and Cr3+ associate with the oxide aluminosilicate network. Remarkably, the separated fluoride and oxide phases bear structural similarities with the existing experimental outcomes. The introduction of SrF2 facilitates phase separation in oxy‐fluoride glass system by causing the formation of SrF2: Ln3+ nanocrystals in regions abundant in fluoride, while the substitution of ZnF2 for SrF2 results in the formation of ZnAl2O4: Cr3+ nanocrystals originating from the separated oxide phase. Therefore, the reported simulations offer molecular‐level insights into the mechanisms underlying phase separation and the functions of various glass components, thereby facilitating the development of customized oxy‐fluoride GCs with tailored properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminum‐oxygen batteries (AOBs) own the benefits of high energy density (8.14 kWh kg−1), low cost, and high safety. However, the design of a cathode with high surface area, structure integrity, and good catalytic performance is still challenging for rechargeable AOBs. Herein, the fabrication of a robust self‐supporting cathode using 3D graphene aerogel (3DGA) for rechargeable AOBs is demonstrated. Electroanalysis showed that the 3DGA presented good catalytic activity in both oxygen reduction and evolution reactions, which allowed the AOB to operate for >90 cycles with low overpotentials at a current density of 0.2 mA cm−2, and a high Coulombic efficiency of ca. 99% using ionic liquid as electrolyte. In comparison, the cell with the carbon paper cathode can only cycle for 50 rounds. The excellent cyclic performance can be attributed to the porous structure, large surface area, good electric conductivity, and catalytic activity of the 3DGA, which is prospective to be applied for other metal‐air batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype and chemotherapy is the cornerstone treatment for TNBC. Regrettably, emerging findings suggest that chemotherapy facilitates pro‐metastatic changes in the tumour microenvironment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been highly implicated in cancer drug resistance and metastasis. However, the effects of the EVs released from dying cancer cells on TNBC prognosis and corresponding therapeutic strategies have been poorly investigated. This study demonstrated that paclitaxel chemotherapy elicited CXCL1‐enriched EVs from apoptotic TNBC cells (EV‐Apo). EV‐Apo promoted the chemoresistance and invasion of co‐cultured TNBC cells by polarizing M2 macrophages through activating PD‐L1 signalling. However, baohuoside I (BHS) remarkably sensitized the co‐cultured TNBC cells to paclitaxel chemotherapy via modulating EV‐Apo signalling. Mechanistically, BHS remarkably decreased C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) cargo within EV‐Apo and therefore attenuated macrophage M2 polarization by suppressing PD‐L1 activation. Additionally, BHS decreased EV‐Apo release by diminishing the biogenesis of intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) within multivesicular bodies (MVBs) of TNBC cells. Furthermore, BHS bound to the LEU104 residue of flotillin 2 (FLOT2) and interrupted its interaction with RAS oncogene family member 31 (RAB31), leading to the blockage of RAB31‐FLOT2 complex‐driven ILV biogenesis. Importantly, BHS remarkably chemosensitised paclitaxel to inhibit TNBC metastasis in vivo by suppressing EV‐ApoCXCL1‐induced PD‐L1 activation and M2 polarization of tumour‐associated macrophages (TAMs). This pioneering study sheds light on EV‐ApoCXCL1 as a novel therapeutic target to chemosensitise TNBC, and presents BHS as a promising chemotherapy adjuvant to improve TNBC chemosensitivity and prognosis by disturbing EV‐ApoCXCL1 biogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser devices produced via solution‐processed perovskite quantum dots (QDs) offer broad spectral tunability as well as ease of fabrication. Utilizing quasi‐bound states in the continuum (quasi‐BIC) modes, solution‐processed QD laser devices have been demonstrated with a nanostructure coated in a thin‐film gain media configuration. However, light leakage through thin‐film guiding from the cavity side edges becomes more pronounced when shrinking the cavity size, posing challenges for the miniaturization of quasi‐BIC‐based lasers. Here, the fabrication of well‐defined patterns of QDs via a solution process allows them to take advantage of the pattern edges to reduce losses through the cavity edges. A single‐mode BIC laser is reported by using CsPbBr3 QDs with a narrow linewidth of ≈0.1 nm. Importantly, a miniaturized quasi‐BIC laser is realized with a device size as small as 10 × 10 µm2, making it the smallest among existing solution‐processed BIC lasers. This work provides a strategy for developing ultra‐compact BIC lasers via solution‐processed gain media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given its favorable physical and chemical properties, Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) is a commonly studied metal oxide semiconductor for photocatalytic applications. However, BiVO4 shows a high recombination rate of photogenerated charges and limited charge transport capacity, which can be addressed by doping it with tungsten. To develop a highly efficient tungsten‐doped BiVO4‐based (W‐BiVO4) photocatalyst, it is necessary to control the dopant content, crystal structure, and morphology. These properties are, in turn, governed by the synthesis conditions. This work describes a pioneering method of microwave‐assisted reflux synthesis of W‐BiVO4, using ethanol as solvent and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as a capping agent. Thus, it is possible to perform the synthesis procedure in only 30 min at 78°C, obtaining extremely regular monoclinic W‐BiVO4 nanosquares. Furthermore, the experiments showed that the most efficient photocatalyst contains 3% tungsten as the dopant. Moreover, the direct oxidation of rhodamine B by the photogenerated holes plays a crucial role in the degradation mechanism. Finally, we observed that although the addition of PVP promotes control of the morphology, it results in a poorly efficient material. This low efficiency may be related to the formation of a polymeric coating on the surface of the catalyst or to a high amount of oxygen defects. Finally, we show that the unique interaction of microwaves with the species present in the reaction media influences nanoparticle growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Real‐time and accurate short‐term traffic flow prediction can provide a scientific basis for decision making by travellers and traffic management, and alleviate traffic congestion to a certain extent. The existing traffic flow prediction methods often encounter limitations in real‐time performance and accuracy due to the post‐processing required to rectify anomaly detection results during data pre‐processing. This paper presents a novel traffic flow prediction model, termed the With‐Anomaly Detection Probability (ADP) Attention‐Bidirectional Long‐Short Term Memory (BiLSTM) model. This model takes the probability of anomaly detection into consideration, integrating the anomaly detection outcomes as an inherent parameter into the traffic flow prediction framework. Additionally, the model incorporates an attention mechanism within the long‐short term memory network. Through a comprehensive simulation study utilizing actual measured traffic flow data from the Shanghai‐Chongqing Expressway, the effectiveness of the proposed model is rigorously evaluated. The prediction results show that the model proposed in this paper is a real‐time and accurate short‐time traffic flow prediction model compared with the basic models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rational approximation is an important tool for establishing a dynamic analysis model in time domain for semi‐infinite water and soil. It accurately represents the interaction between the semi‐infinite medium and an engineering structure. Current research on rational approximation method focuses mainly on the establishment of time‐domain analysis models. However, the stability, accuracy, and calculation efficiency of the rational approximation model cannot be guaranteed simultaneously. Based on linear system control theory, this work decomposes the continuous‐time rational approximation (CRA) and the discrete‐time rational approximation (DRA) into a combination of first‐ and second‐order subsystems, and the stability boundaries for the identified parameters are established according to the stability conditions of each subsystem. A genetic algorithm and a sequential quadratic programming algorithm are used to construct a parameter identification method that can ensure stability in the time domain. Through parameter identification of complex frequency response functions, it is demonstrated that the method proposed in this work can guarantee the stability and accuracy simultaneously, and the calculation efficiency is also substantially improved over that of the existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal halide crystals are bright but hygroscopic scintillator materials that are widely used in X‐ray imaging and detectors. Precipitating them in situ in glass to form glass ceramics (GCs) scintillator offers an efficient avenue for large‐scale preparation, high spatial resolution, and excellent stability. However, precipitating a high fraction of metal halide nanocrystals in glass to maintain high light yield remains a challenge. Herein, an ionic‐covalent hybrid network strategy for constructing GCs scintillator with high crystallinity (up to ≈37%) of BaCl2: Eu2+ nanocrystals is presented. Experimental data and simulations of glass structure reveal that the Ba2+‐Cl− clustering promotes the high crystallization of BaCl2 nanocrystals. The ultralow phonon energy (≈200 cm−1) of BaCl2 nanocrystals and good Eu reduction effect enable high photoluminescence inter quantum efficiency (≈80.41%) in GC. GCs with varied crystallinity of BaCl2: Eu2+ nanocrystals demonstrate efficient radioluminescence and tunable scintillator performance. They either outperform Bi4Ge3O14 single crystal by over 132% steady‐state light yield or provide impressive X‐ray imaging resolutions of 20 lp mm−1. These findings provide a new design strategy for developing bright transparent GCs scintillators with a high fraction of metal halide nanocrystals for X‐ray high‐resolution imaging applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pursuing carbon neutrality has invigorated extensive investigations into sustainable and cost‐effective power sources. Iron‐air batteries (IAB) have emerged as a promising option due to their high energy density, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, conventional IABs grapple with issues such as electrode passivation, low round‐trip energy efficiency, and parasitic hydrogen evolution. This study introduces a redox‐mediated iron‐air fuel cell (RM‐IAFC) to surmount these limitations. The RM‐IAFC employs a pair of redox mediators, respectively, in anolyte and catholyte tanks, enabling the iron oxidation and oxygen reduction reaction processes to be liberated from the electrodes. This configuration decouples energy storage and power generation, allowing fast refueling and offering operation flexibility and scalability while eliminating the need for expensive catalysts. With these salient features, the RM‐IAFC paves the way for sustainable and scalable power generation, particularly for stationary applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The real‐time performance is a major concern of complex real‐time systems during information acquisition, transmission, processing, and application. The interactions among information within these systems constitute complicated information exchange networks. Network topology plays an important role in the behaviors of information interactions and interferes, which severely affects the real‐time performance of the whole systems. Methods such as synchronization‐based method or traffic balancing strategy are the main ideas that guide the construction of network topology. However, these methods could not consider the real‐time performance in the process of topology construction. This article proposes an automatic topology generation algorithm with real‐time guarantee. Specifically speaking, the nodes in the network are clustered to generate the network topology by introducing the concepts of node degree and eigenvector centrality to ensure the real‐time performance of the network. The position of the nodes in the network is determined by comparing the node degree and the communication factors. Analytic method and simulation method are used to verify the real‐time performance of the proposed algorithm. Results show that the real‐time performance of more than half of the total information exchanges is improved compared with the traffic balancing method and topology grouping method for an industrial‐scale networking case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The code multipath error associated with elevation in BDS‐2 is one of the main factors whose impact on the precision of real‐time reduced‐dynamic precise orbit determination (POD) using spaceborne multi‐global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) observation data for FengYun‐3C (FY‐3C) and FengYun‐3D (FY‐3D) satellites. The aim is to construct a code multipath piece‐wise linear error model and analyse the contribution of BDS‐2 to the performance of low earth orbit POD. Conclusions are drawn out from the experimental results: (1) the real‐time POD average precision of FY‐3C and FY‐3D is improved by about 11% and 12% after the correction of BDS‐2 code multipath error; (2) Due to the small number of available BDS‐2 satellites and the limited accuracy of geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellite real‐time orbit products, the precision of the real‐time overlapping comparison for FY‐3C/FY‐3D by using the BDS‐2 onboard observation data can only reach the decimetre level. However, with the BDS‐2 signal capture capability of the FY‐3D onboard GNSS Occultation Sounder upgraded, the average precision of the BDS‐2‐based POD for FY‐3D is better than that of FY‐3C in each direction and with 10% improvement in the average 3 dimensional‐root mean square (3D‐RMS); (3) Cases of onboard global positioning system (GPS), GPS + BDS‐2 (with GEO), and GPS + BDS‐2 (without GEO) for real‐time POD can meet 5–8 cm precision requirement. The average 3D‐RMS of the real‐time POD for FY‐3C/FY‐3D, which utilises onboard GPS + BDS‐2 data is inferior only to GPS data, owing to the influence of the orbit accuracy of GEO satellites. However, after excluding the influence of GEO satellites, the average result (3D‐RMS) of the real‐time POD for FY‐3C (6.11 cm) and FY‐3D (5.95 cm) is better than those of other cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structural properties of octahedral sites (BOh) in spinel oxides (AB2O4) play vital roles in the electrochemical performance of oxygen‐related reactions. However, the precise manipulation of AB2O4 remains challenging due to the complexity of their crystal structure. Here, a simple and versatile molten‐salt‐mediated strategy is reported to introduce Ni2+ in Boh sites intentionally on the surface of zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4, ZFO) to promote the active sites for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. The as‐created photoanode (ZFO‐MSNi) shows a remarkable cathodic shift of ≈ 450 mV (turn‐on voltage of ≈ 0.6 VRHE) as well as three times the 1‐sun photocurrent density at 1.23 VRHE for PEC water oxidation in comparison with bare ZFO. A comprehensive structural characterization clearly reveals the local structure of the introduced Ni2+ in ZFO‐MSNi. Fewer surface trapping states are observed while the precisely introduced Ni2+ and associated neighboring Fe(3‐σ)+ (0<σ<1) sites unite in an edge‐sharing octahedral configuration to function as NiFe dual active sites for PEC water oxidation. Moreover, open circuit potential measurements and rapid‐scan voltammetry investigation give further insight into the enhanced PEC performance. Overall, this work displays a versatile strategy to regulate the surface active sites of photoelectrodes for increasing performance in PEC solar energy conversion systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chiral perovskite nanocrystals have emerged as an interesting chiral excitonic platform that combines both structural flexibility and superior optoelectronic properties. Despite several recent demonstrations of optical activity in various chiral perovskite nanocrystals, efficient circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) with tunable energies remains a challenge. The chirality imprinting mechanism as a function of perovskite nanocrystal dimensionality remains elusive. Here, atomically thin inorganic perovskite nanoplatelets (NPLs) are synthesized with precise control of layer thickness and are functionalized by chiral surface ligands, serving as a unique platform to probe the chirality transfer mechanism at the organic/perovskite interface. It is found that chirality is successfully imprinted into mono‐, bi‐, and tri‐layer inorganic perovskite NPLs, exhibiting tunable circular dichroism (CD) and CPL responses. However, chirality transfer decreases in thicker NPLs, resulting in decreased CD and CPL dissymmetry factors for thicker NPLs. Aided by large‐scale first‐principles calculations, it is proposed that chirality transfer is mainly mediated through a surface distortion rather than a hybridization of electronic states, giving rise to symmetry breaking in the perovskite lattice and spin‐split conduction bands. The findings described here provide an in‐depth understanding of chirality transfer and design principles for distorted‐surface perovskites for chiral photonic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LC‐2, is a molecule of proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs), with a large molecular weight, poor water solubility and low system bioavailability, which was designed to degrade KRASG12C protein. In this study, LC‐2 PEGylated liposomes were developed and characterized. Moreover, a rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method in rat plasma was established and effectively utilized for an in vivo pharmacokinetic investigation. LC‐2 PEGylated liposomes with better properties were prepared by an improved ethanol injection method. The chromatographic separation was achieved on an Agilent Eclipse XDB‐CN column (100 × 2.1 mm, 3.5 μm) with acetonitrile–ammonium deionized water (5 mm; 80:20, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. The mass spectra of LC‐2 and the IS (gefitinib) were obtained at m/z 1132.5 → 626.4 and 447.1 → 128.2, respectively. The pharmacokinetic study was carried out by analyzing plasma concentrations of LC‐2 solution or produced LC‐2 PEGylated liposomes in rats using the developed and validated method. The pharmacokinetic results indicate that PEGylated liposome‐encapsulation protected LC‐2 from the influence of endogenous protein binding, improved insolubility, prolonged half‐life and increased system bioavailability. This study provides a feasible solution for future preclinical and clinical studies of LC‐2 and/or other PROTACs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persistent high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) infections cause cervical cancer and a fraction of head and neck cancer. To investigate whether HR‐HPV infection might be also involved in the development of gastric cancer (GC), we developed a platform utilizing a rolling circle amplification (RCA)‐based nested L1 polymerase chain reaction with Sanger sequencing to genotype the HPV DNA in cancer tissues of 361 GC and 89 oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC). HPV transcriptional activity was determined by E6/E7 mRNA expression and a 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends was performed to identify HPV integration and expression of virus−host fusion transcripts. Ten of 361 GC, 2 of 89 OPSCC, and 1 of 22 normal adjacent tissues were HPV L1 DNA‐positive. Five of the 10 HPV‐positive GC were genotyped as HPV16 by sequencing and 1 of 2 GC with RCA/nested HPV16 E6/E7 DNA detection exhibited HPV16 E6/E7 mRNA. Two OPSCC displayed HPV16 L1 DNA and E6/E7 mRNA, of which 1 OPSCC tissue showed virus−host RNA fusion transcripts from an intron region of KIAA0825 gene. Together, our data reveal viral oncogene expression and/or integration in GC and OPSCC and a possible etiology role of HPV infections in gastric carcinogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducing chirality into the metal‐halide hybrids has enabled many emerging properties including chiroptical activity, spin‐dependent transport, and ferroelectricity. However, most of the chiral metal‐halide hybrids to date are non‐emissive, and the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we show a new strategy to turn on the circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) in chiral metal‐halide hybrids. We demonstrate that alloying Sb3+ into chiral indium‐chloride hybrids dramatically increases the photoluminescence quantum yield in two new series of chiral indium‐antimony chlorides. These materials exhibit strong CPL signals with tunable energy and a high dissymmetry factor up to 1.5×10−2. Mechanistic studies reveal that the emission originates from the self‐trapped excitons centered in 5s2 Sb3+. Moreover, near‐ultraviolet pumped white light is demonstrated with a polarization up to 6.0 %. Our work demonstrates new strategies towards highly luminescent chiral metal‐halide hybrids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anode‐free batteries can maximize the energy density but their development is hindered by a lack of Li‐rich cathodes for compensating the irreversible Li loss. Li2S cathode is particularly appealing to this desire due to 2.6–4.7 folds more Li content and 4.2–6.8 times higher capacity than conventional intercalation cathodes. But its practical application is hindered by poor stability against moisture attacking in the air. Herein, a facile expendable polymer sheathing strategy toward air‐stable Li2S cathodes with high capacities for developing high‐performance quasi‐solid‐state anode‐free batteries without risk of cell leakage is reported. Tight protection by dense polymer barrier dramatically prolongs the lifetime of Li2S cathode by 2,000 times at least in the air. Such air‐stable Li2S cathode allows for high compatibility of anode‐free battery production with commercial schemes. More attractively, the polymer protective layer can in situ transform to multifunctional gel polymer electrolyte for releasing ionic pathways and enhancing cell performance by inhibiting LiPS loss and smoothing Li plating. With air‐stable Li2S cathode, the quasi‐solid‐state anode‐free cells are assembled in ambient environment to deliver superb volumetric energy density of 1093 Wh L−1. This study may shed new light to push the commercialization of high‐energy and reliable anode‐free batteries forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The UPR sensor GRP78 had been reported to translocate toward the cell membrane to bind with ligands and facilitate cell survival.[9] Correspondingly, GRP78 presented colocalisation with cefoselis at the cell surface upon paclitaxel treatment (Figure 2E). Previous studies have indicated that GRP78 shifts to the cell membrane under ER stress.[[6], [8]] Herein, it was also observed that paclitaxel treatment induced GRP78 translocation to the cell surface (Figure 1F). Stress-induced cellular defence machinery is significant for regulating breast cancer stem cells (CSCs).[[1], [3]] GRP78 is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress protein and has been reported to be overexpressed in multiple malignancies.[4] In this study, we shed novel light on the role of GRP78 in regulating breast CSCs via LRP5/ -catenin signalling. [Extracted from the article]

Global climate change has threatened world crop production and food security. Decoding the adaptive genetic basis of wild relatives provides an invaluable genomic resource for climate‐smart crop breedinG. Here, we performed whole‐genome sequencing of 185 diverse wild soybean (Glycine soja) accessions collected from three major agro‐ecological zones in China to parse the genomic basis of local adaptation in wild soybean. The population genomic diversity pattern exhibited clear agro‐ecological zone‐based population structure, and multiple environmental factors were observed to contribute to the genetic divergence. Demographic analysis shows that wild soybeans from the three ecological zones diverged about 1 × 105 years ago, and then the effective population sizes have undergone different degrees of expansions. Genome‐environment association identified multiple genes involved in the local adaptation, such as flowering time and temperature‐related genes. A locus containing two adjacent MADS‐box transcription factors on chromosome 19 was identified for multiple environmental factors, and it experienced positive selection that enables the adaptation to high‐latitude environment. This study provides insights into the genetic mechanism of ecological adaptation in wild soybean that may facilitate climate‐resilient soybean breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chiral metal‐halide hybrids have aroused widespread attention owing to their chemical and structural versatilities as well as unique optoelectronic and spin‐dependent properties. Several recent experiments have shown that organic chirality results in circularly polarized absorption and emission from the inorganic metal‐halide subcomponent; however, the exact structure chirality transfer mechanism and structure‐optical‐activity relation remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate how chiral organic cations lead to local structural asymmetry in a new series of chiral antimony‐halide hybrids, including zero‐dimensional edge‐shared (0D, A4Sb2X10, A=(R)‐(+)‐α‐methylbenzylammonium (R‐MBAH+) or (R)‐(−)‐1‐cyclohexylethylammonium (R‐CHEAH+), X=Br, I) and one‐dimensional corner‐shared (1D, A'2SbX5, A'=(R)‐(+)‐α‐ethylbenzylammonium (R‐EBAH+); X=Br, I). Structure analysis shows that organic ammoniums distort the antimony‐halide octahedra through asymmetric hydrogen bonding. The chiroptical activity is correlated with the exciton coupling strength, which can be tuned by the structural dimensionality. Our study unveils the molecular scale chirality transfer mechanism in these chiral metal‐halide hybrids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy‐saving hydrogen production can be achieved by using renewables or decoupling the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction from overall water splitting, which still needs electricity input. We have realized hydrogen production and water desalination with on‐demand electricity output via an electrochemical neutralization chemistry strategy that couples acidic hydrogen evolution and alkaline hydrazine oxidation with ionic exchange. The electrochemical neutralization cells allow efficient use of chemical energy and low‐grade heat from the surroundings to output 0.81 kWh electricity per m3 of hydrogen. Cell function can be rapidly switched to electricity output with a high peak power density up to 85.5 mW cm−2 or spontaneous hydrogen production at a high rate up to 70.1 mol h−1 m−2 without breaking cell operation or changing cell configuration. Fast water desalination is simultaneously achieved at a high salt removal rate of 56.1 mol h−1 m−2 without an external electricity supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the maximum spectral radius of outerplanar 3‐uniform hypergraphs. Given a hypergraph ℋ ${\rm{ {\mathcal H} }}$, the shadow of ℋ ${\rm{ {\mathcal H} }}$ is a graph G $G$ with V(G)=V(ℋ) $V(G)=V({\rm{ {\mathcal H} }})$ and E(G)={uv:uv∈hfor someh∈E(H)} $E(G)=\{uv:uv\in \,h\,\text{for\unicode{x02007}some}\,h\in E({\mathscr{H}})\}$. A graph is outerplanar if it can be embedded in the plane such that all its vertices lie on the outer face. A 3‐uniform hypergraph ℋ ${\rm{ {\mathcal H} }}$ is called outerplanar if its shadow has an outerplanar embedding such that every hyperedge of ℋ ${\rm{ {\mathcal H} }}$ is the vertex set of an interior triangular face of the shadow. Cvetković and Rowlinson conjectured in 1990 that among all outerplanar graphs on n $n$ vertices, the graph K1+Pn−1 ${K}_{1}+{P}_{n-1}$ attains the maximum spectral radius. We show a hypergraph analogue of the Cvetković–Rowlinson conjecture. In particular, we show that for sufficiently large n $n$, the n $n$‐vertex outerplanar 3‐uniform hypergraph of maximum spectral radius is the unique 3‐uniform hypergraph whose shadow is K1+Pn−1 ${K}_{1}+{P}_{n-1}$. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Hollow microspheres have potential applications for wide‐range fields, especially photocatalysis, attracting tremendous attention in material science. However, conventional synthesis of hollow microspheres involves complicated procedures, high cost and poor yields, greatly impeding their development. Due to the limitations of raw material for the polymerization or hydrolysis routes so far the hollow materials prepared in a microfluidics chip were limited to some specific substances. RESULTS: Herein, a controllable precipitating reaction strategy in droplets was presented to form the hollow structure from easily accessible industrial chemical materials (such as nitrates of Zinc, Copper and Cobalt, and Ferrous sulfate). After generating monodisperse droplets and followed introducing precipitant into the droplets in a microfluidics chip, the spherical shell was constructed through the accumulation of precipitated particles at the oil/water interface of droplets and further particle growth on the inner shell. As a result, hollow microspheres with a Janus shell of different inner and outer morphology were formed. The photocatalytic activities of these hollow microspheres were evaluated for RhB photodegradation oxidation based on heterogeneous photo‐Fenton. The photocatalytic activities of the fresh hollow samples showed better than their solid samples or their oxidized hollow samples. CONCLUSION: With microfluidic technology, the transition‐metallic inorganic hollow microspheres can be rapid, low‐costly manufactured through direct precipitation reaction in droplets. The prepared α‐Co(OH)2 hollow microspheres showed promising photocatalytic activity. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The lobar and segmental anatomy are the basis for anatomical pulmonary segmentectomy. Methods: From October 2017 to June 2021, 136 patients with small pulmonary nodules scheduled for anatomical pulmonary segmentectomy at our institution underwent three‐dimensional (3D) lung reconstruction. The anatomy of the left upper lobe (LUL) was statistically analyzed and graphically mapped using the reconstructed models, and the role of this reconstruction method in performing pulmonary segmentectomy was explored. Results: Through the analysis of the reconstructed models, the upper stem (S1 + 2 + 3) bronchus was classified as having two (94/136 cases) or three branches (42/136 cases). The upper stem artery had two branches in 24/136 patients, three in 60/136 cases, four in 44/136 cases, and five in 8/136 cases. A total of 103/136 upper stem veins had two branches, 26/136 had three branches, and 7/136 had four branches. The lingual stem (S4 + 5) bronchus was two‐branched in 116/136 cases and three‐branched in 20/136 cases, while the lingual artery was single‐branched in 61/136 cases, two‐branched in 70/136 cases, and three‐branched in rare cases (5/136 cases). The lingual stem vein was unbranched in 119/136 cases and two‐branched in 17/136 cases. Additionally, six unusual variants (<5%) were identified: one in the bronchus, with four cases; three in the pulmonary artery, with six cases; and two in the pulmonary vein, with two cases. Conclusions: 3D reconstruction can yield results similar to specimens for lung segment studies. The reconstruction strategy and the data presented in this article will be valuable references for thoracic surgeons performing anatomic resections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrathin, transparent, and free‐standing films assembled from low‐dimensional nanomaterials (LDMs) are promising for various applications, including transparent heaters and membranes. However, the intact separation of the assembled films, especially those with controlled ultrathin thickness from deposited substrates, is a tremendous challenge, particularly for fast peeling off via self‐detaching. Herein, we propose a versatile method to rapidly peel off ultrathin assembled LDM films, including three types of carbon nanotubes, vermiculite, Ag nanowires, and carbon nanotube@graphene, by dissolving the MXene interlayer from the layer‐by‐layer filtered MXene/LDM Janus films using diluted H2O2. The MXene sacrificial interlayers play dual roles, including physical isolation of LDM films from filter membranes and the production of bubbles that buoy ultrathin LDM films, making them free‐standing. The integrality and self‐detaching rate of the LDM films are determined by the loading and reactivity of the MXene interlayers. The intact LDM films can self‐detach in 80 s by dissolving the optimized MXene interlayer and producing bubbles. The as‐made free‐standing ultrathin LDM films can be transferred to arbitrary substrates and exhibit outstanding performance as transparent heaters. This scalable method provides an efficient and versatile method to produce ultrathin, transparent, and free‐standing LDM films and finds new applications for the growing MXene family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stir casting has been taken as a low cost and effective way to disperse ceramic particles in molten alloys and obtain the high‐performance metal matrix composites. However, the reinforcement precursors with a similar density to the molten aluminum are difficult to be uniformly dispersed in the melts. Herein, the particulate quartz, which can react with the aluminum melts and form the Al2O3/SiO2 reinforcement, is used as the reinforcement precursor. Effect of the stirring speeds of the melts and the feeding rates of precursor particles on the reinforcement distribution in aluminum matrix are investigated. The numerical simulation is carried out to analyze the particles dispersion course in the melts. Results show that the precursor particles in molten aluminum achieve a relatively uniform dispersion at the modest stirring rate of 400 rpm. Meanwhile, numerical simulation results also prove that precursor particles will distribute homogenously in the Al matrix while exerting the stirring rate at 400 rpm. From the microstructure of the composites, it is evident that extremely high stirring rate and particles feeding rate will lead to the agglomeration of particles, which is not favorable to the composites performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scalable synthesis of non‐noble‐metal‐based electrocatalysts achieved by energy‐saving and cost‐effective strategies towards efficient oxygen evolution is primary significant for the practical application of water splitting, however, it is still a great challenge. In this work, a two‐step corrosion engineering is proposed to construct ultrathin NiFe‐LDH and high‐conductivity Ni9S8 composites (denoted as NiFe‐LDH/Ni9S8/NF) at room temperature. By ingeniously using the corrosion reaction between nickel foam (NF) and S2O32− under acidic condition, Ni9S8 was firstly formed on the surface of Ni foam. Then, ultrathin NiFe‐LDH nanosheets were precipitated on the Ni9S8 surface through an ultrafast Fe2+ ions‐assisted corrosion treatment. Featured with fast electron/mass transfer rates, sheet‐stacked structure, and superior hydrophilicity, NiFe‐LDH/Ni9S8/NF exhibits an enhanced oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity with low overpotentials of 223 and 265 mV at 10 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively. Such feasible, economical, and scale‐up synthesis method might open a new avenue for the wide‐scale fabrication of materials for various electrochemical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extending the photodetection range of lead halide perovskites into the near‐infrared telecommunications bands can not only enable a wide‐spectrum solar energy harvesting, but pave ways for important applications in biodetection, infrared imaging, and telecommunication. However, there is a lack of an effective means to apply lead halide perovskites for efficient photodetection covering a wide wavelength range in the telecommunications bands. Here, CsPbBr3 nanocrystal‐ (NC‐) based photodetector operating at wavelengths in the telecommunications bands via surface plasmon‐induced hot holes is demonstrated. The internal photoemission of the plasmon‐induced hot holes from plasmonic antennas into CsPbBr3 NCs enables a photocurrent at wavelengths around 1550 nm. Moreover, a solvent treatment is also performed on drop‐casted CsPbBr3 NC thin film leading to a nanoscale self‐patterning with a compact and uniform morphology. This treatment benefits the carrier transportation contributing to a detectable photoresponse and minimizes the optical scattering so that the CsPbBr3 NCs can be integrated into the plasmonic structure without damping its resonant feature. Consequently, the CsPbBr3 NC‐based plasmonic hot‐carrier device achieves polarization discrimination and wavelength‐selective photodetection without additional optical components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MXenes attract interest in diverse fields but suffer from fast structural degradation by attacking of dissolved oxygen and water molecules in aqueous solution. This drawback hinders the long‐term storage, applications and understanding of the chemical nature of MXenes. Herein, we report a cost‐effective and environmentally sustainable way for long‐term storage of MXenes in aqueous solution by hydration chemistry of nontoxic inorganic salts. The attacking of MXene by free water and dissolved oxygen molecules is inhibited by decreasing the water activity, which simultaneously lowers the dissolved oxygen concentration, of saline solution. As a result, the storage life of MXene can be prolonged to up to 400 days at ambient conditions without loss of intrinsic surface chemistry and bulk carrier properties. Over 90 % of salt protectant can be recycled by simply evaporating the final waste liquor after fully extracting the MXene to minimize the waste discharge and processing cost. This work offers a commercializable approach with high cost‐effectiveness, processing sustainability and environmental benefit for extending the shelf life of MXenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water oxidation is a crucial step in photocatalytic water splitting, but it still remains a great challenge for its complex four‐electron process. Herein, uniform CeF3/α‐FeOOH nanohybrids are synthesized by one‐step hydrothermal process. The obtained CeF3/α‐FeOOH nanohybrids exhibit a significantly high photocatalytic oxygen‐evolution activity with sacrifice reagent free. The optimal CeF3/α‐FeOOH‐400 nanohybrid reaches a remarkable rate up to 4702.5 µmol g−1 h−1, which is 2.6 times higher than that of CeF3/α‐FeOOH‐0 nanohybrid. The recycling experiments further indicate its potential in oxygen evolution. The metal‐like α‐FeOOH may improve the electron transfer, act as electron collection to store the electron transferred from CeF3, and suppress the recombination of electron–hole pairs in CeF3 effectively. This work provides an insight into the construction of effective photocatalysts with improved charge separation for overall water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li metal batteries offer the ultimate choice of high‐energy power source, but suffer the performance decay and safety risk originated from notorious dendrite problem and infinite volume change of Li metal anode. Herein, it is reported to strengthen the Li metal anode by ultralight but highly robust MXene aerogels (ULRMA) with build‐in strain‐resistant and molecular‐level lithiophilic properties. A hydrogen‐bonding crosslinking strategy is developed for rapidly assembling 2D MXene to ULRMA at ambient conditions with less sacrifice of intrinsic properties of MXene. The ULRMA with an ultralow density below 10 mg cm−3 are favorable to maximize the merit of Li metal in gravimetric energy density while offering exceptional stability of porous frameworks against mechanical strain of long‐term Li plating/stripping. The lithiophilic architecture with high conductivity and hierarchical porosity further largely reduces the potential polarization and guides the pattern of Li deposition. Uptaking Li metal into ULRMA leads to a stable Li metal anode with an ultralong lifetime of 1600 h with a high‐rate response up to 20 mA cm−2 and high coulombic efficiency. It yields a highly robust Li metal anode with high effectiveness in engineering stable Li‐ion and Li–S batteries even paring with commercial LiFePO4 or sulfur cathode without nanostructuring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fano resonances giving rise to a rich variety of asymmetric spectral shapes have been investigated in optical nanostructures with multidimensional configurations. However, 1D nanostructure realizing Fano resonances with well‐controlled spectral shapes are yet to be demonstrated. Here, the authors present both numerically and experimentally a 1D nanostructure exhibiting rich Fano resonances induced by interference between a lossy background (continuum) provided by a metal thin film and a discrete optical Tamm state (OTS). A drastic change in the Fano line shape occurs from a narrowband perfect absorber into a narrowband perfect reflector by controlling the metal thin film. Independent from the metal‐related Fano profile, the OTS component determines the resonance frequency and guarantees a sharp resonance (with quality factors over 1000) on the flat mirror background. Taking advantage of its high‐Q property, the structure can be developed into a dispersion device with subnanometer spectral resolution, which even enables a direct imaging of spectral information of molecular fingerprint. The authors believe that this work not only demonstrates a planar nanostructure with versatile Fano resonances for various applications but also provides physical insights into how a metal thin film can induce and significantly affect the Fano resonances in 1D optical resonators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a quantum dots (QDs)‐based lateral flow immunoassay for the determination of pyrimethanil in fruit and vegetable samples. This QDs‐based strip immunoassay had a cut‐off value of 25 ng/ml, under optimal conditions; linear calibration for pyrimethanil was obtained in the range of 1.9–13.3 ng/ml. The entire sample detection operation could be completed in 30 min. With the strip assay, vegetable and fruit samples spiked with pyrimethanil were extracted and tested, the average recoveries were ranging from 85.6 to 104.3%, with the coefficient of variation below 15%. The results tested from the strip assay were consistent with that obtained from liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (R2 =.98), indicating the developed QDs‐based strip assay is a convincing and useful tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The MXenes attract great interest in catalytic and energy applications but suffer from inferior redox activity. An efficient strategy is presented to boost the intrinsic electrochemical activity of MXenes for electrocatalysis in various chemical environments by utilizing their plasmonic response to electromagnetic waves. The resulting significant thermoplasmonic effect lowers the endothermic enthalpy and potential barrier to the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in the Vis/near‐IR region. Simultaneous hot‐electron injection in a prolonged sub‐femtosecond to picosecond timescale also remarkably facilitates interfacial charge transfer and decreases the activation energy of the reaction. Both effects boost the HER activity of various types of MXenes over fivefold with improved kinetics and Faradaic efficiency over a broad pH range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal polysulfides MSx (x > 2) have attracted much attention because of their high theoretical capacities as electrode materials for lithium batteries. Among them, VS4 has a linear chain structure in which van der Walls forces exist between chains. Previous reports found lithium ions can be intercalated into VS4 in the discharge, and elemental V and Li2S are formed when discharged to low voltage (e.g., <1.0 V vs Li/Li+). In this study is found that bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI−) anions can be intercalated into VS4 when charged to 3.0 V or above after discharged to 1.8 V in rechargeable lithium battery, triggering sulfur evolution. To improve its cycling reversibility diphenyl disulfide (DPDS) is used as a sulfur receptor in the composite electrode consisting of nanoscaled VS4 particles and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). In the charge, sulfur atoms are transferred from VS4 to DPDS forming diphenyl trisulfide (DPTS). This strategy enables improved capacity retention and material utilization. The electrode shows a reversible capacity of 130.7 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at the current density of 240 mA g−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]