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ABSTRACT Herein, two deep red phosphorescent responsive emissive cyclometalated iridium (III) complexes with CAIX inhibition moiety was designed and synthesized; they can penetrate into living cells quickly and mainly located in the lysosome. They showed a strong binding affinity towards CAIX in vitro and effectively reduced cellular expression of CAIX. Moreover, the tethered CAIX‐inhibition moiety of benzene sulfonamide can decrease the inherent cytotoxicity of Ir(III) complex towards normal cells and improve killing selectivity towards cancer cells in dark; Ir3 and Ir4 exhibit approximately five to eight times higher killing selectivity than that of cisplatin; they exhibit satisfied photodynamic therapy effect under irradiation of 425 nm, ultimately resulting in apoptosis of cancer cell, which is accompanied with weakening of extracellular acidification, increased inhibition of cellular CAIX expression, significant loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and elevated level of reactive oxygen. Herein, our work may demonstrate that combination of inhibition CAIX and metal photosensitizer may provide a promising strategy for constructing a novel theranostic platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: Non‐selective beta blockers (NSBBs) can reduce the risk of decompensation, but their impact on further decompensation has been rarely investigated. Aims: The aim is to evaluate the impact of NSBBs on further decompensation and death in decompensated cirrhosis stratified by the severity of liver disease. Methods: Overall, 332 decompensated cirrhotic patients were retrospectively included, of whom 149 used NSBBs. Kaplan–Meier and Nelson–Aalen cumulative risk curves as well as Cox regression and competing risk analyses were used to estimate the associations of NSBBs with further decompensation and death, if appropriate. Hazard ratio (HR) and sub‐distribution HR (sHR) were calculated. Subgroup analyses were performed based on the model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score at admission. Results: In the overall analysis, the use of NSBBs was not significantly associated with further decompensation in multivariate competing risk analysis (sHR = 1.09, p = 0.580). In the subgroup analysis of patients with a MELD score of ≤9, the use of NSBBs was significantly associated with decreased risk of further decompensation in multivariate competing risk analysis (sHR = 0.57, p = 0.021). In the subgroup analysis of patients with a MELD score of >9, the use of NSBBs was associated with increased risk of further decompensation in multivariate competing risk analysis (sHR = 1.45, p = 0.044). Regardless of overall and subgroup analyses, the use of NSBBs was not significantly associated with death in multivariate Cox regression analyses. Conclusion: NSBBs may be beneficial for the prevention of further decompensation in cirrhotic patients with a MELD score of ≤9, but deleterious in those with a MELD score of >9. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving a high dispersity of deposited transition metal is crucial in the anodization preparation of noble‐metal‐free composites for photocatalytic hydrogen generation. Herein, for the first time, an in situ ion pumping anodization method is proposed to confine single‐atom Fe within the spatially ordered structure of anodized TiO2 nanotubes (TNT), assisted by ferric sodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as an "ion pump" to deliver Fe3+ toward anodes. Both experimental and theoretical calculations confirm that highly dispersed single‐atom Fe can interact with single‐electron‐trapped oxygen vacancies (SETOV), effectively reducing the oxygen vacancy concentration in TiO2 nanotubes. This reduction promotes efficient charge carrier separation through the Fe(III)/Fe(II) pathway and enhances hydrogen desorption, ultimately boosting the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The editorial discusses the dilemma of discontinuing non-selective beta-blockers (NSBBs) in advanced liver cirrhosis, with conflicting evidence on the optimal timing. Studies have shown that NSBBs may have deleterious effects in certain populations with cirrhosis, particularly those with higher Model of End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores. The editorial highlights the need for more research to determine the appropriate timing to discontinue NSBBs in cirrhotic patients. The study has some limitations, including a retrospective design and a focus on Chinese patients, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. [Extracted from the article]

Modulating inflammation is crucial for repairing vascular injury. Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells represents an effective mechanism for attenuating inflammation and improving regeneration during natural healing. However, strategies for repairing vascular injuries using biomaterials derived from apoptotic cells are still undeveloped. Herein, apoptotic body‐mimetic nanovesicles (ApoNVs) derived from rat adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) are prepared using a one‐step extrusion method. ApoNVs inherit the unique anti‐inflammatory and pro‐regenerative properties of the parental apoptotic rASCs, as evidenced by enhanced M2 polarization of macrophages and promoted endothelial cell proliferation and migration following treatment with ApoNVs. Moreover, ApoNVs enhance the contractile phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells through the mediation of ApoNVs‐induced repolarized macrophages. After engineering ApoNVs with P‐selectin binding peptide (ApoNVs‐PBP), their ability to target injured artery increased nearly sevenfold compared to unmodified ApoNVs. In a rat wire‐mediated femoral artery injury model, ApoNVs‐PBP effectively suppress inflammation and significantly reduce blood flow velocity and neointimal hyperplasia at the injury site. ApoNVs exhibit similar therapeutic effects, though to a lesser extent. This study provides strong evidence validating the targeted delivery of ApoNVs as an innovative approach for repairing vascular injury and highlights their potential in treating other inflammatory diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancreatic cancer cells have a much higher metabolic demand than that of normal cells. However, the abundant interstitium and lack of blood supply determine the lack of nutrients in the tumour microenvironment. Although pancreatic cancer has been reported to supply extra metabolic demand for proliferation through autophagy and other means, the specific regulatory mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we focused on transcription factor EB (TFEB), a key factor in the regulation of autophagy, to explore its effect on the phenotype and role in the unique amino acid utilisation pattern of pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs). The results showed that TFEB, which is generally highly expressed in pancreatic cancer, promoted the proliferation and metastasis of PCCs. TFEB knockdown inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of PCCs by blocking the catabolism of branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs). Concerning the mechanism, we found that TFEB regulates the catabolism of BCAAs by regulating BCAT1, a key enzyme in BCAA metabolism. BCAA deprivation alone did not effectively inhibit PCC proliferation. However, BCAA deprivation combined with eltrombopag, a drug targeting TFEB, can play a two‐pronged role in exogenous supply deprivation and endogenous utilisation blockade to inhibit the proliferation of pancreatic cancer to the greatest extent, providing a new therapeutic direction, such as targeted metabolic reprogramming of pancreatic cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH; encoded by the EPHX2 gene) is an α/β hydrolase fold protein that is, widely distributed throughout the body. Recent studies have highlighted that sEH, in the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids, plays a part in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease and intestine‐associated disease. This review discusses the current findings on the role of sEH in the development of intestine‐ and intestine‐associated diseases, including colitis, colorectal cancer, and other intestinal diseases, as well as the potential underlying mechanisms involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of high‐performance, cost‐effective high temperature polymer electrolyte membranes (HT‐PEMs) is a great challenge for HT‐PEM fuel cells. In this study, a new HT‐PEM of polysilsesquioxane functionalized poly(p‐terphenyl‐co‐N‐methyl‐4‐piperidine) (PTP‐CPTMS) is reported. Owing to the incorporation of the polysilsesquioxane network, the PTP‐CPTMS membrane demonstrates an excellent phosphoric acid (PA) doping capacity and controlled swelling, compared to the benchmarks, that is, pristine PTP membrane and propyl group grafted PTP membrane (PTP‐C3). As a result, the PTP‐CPTMS/208%PA membrane exhibits a low volume swelling of 77%, a high conductivity of 0.070 S cm−1 at 180 °C and a satisfactory tensile strength of 4.9 MPa at room temperature. Based on the above membrane, the H2‐O2 single cell is assembled and displays a steadily increased peak power density up to 220 °C, which is 769 mW cm−2 without the need for external humidification or backpressure. This work provides a kind of polysilsesquioxane functionalized HT‐PEMs, which hold substantial potential for application in HT‐PEM fuel cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute anterior uveitis (AAU) is a common extra‐articular manifestation of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), particularly in patients positive for the human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐B27 genetic marker. To explore the underlying mechanisms of HLA‐B27+ AS‐associated AAU, we employed single‐cell RNA sequencing to profile the transcriptomes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in three HLA‐B27+ AS‐associated AAU patients and three healthy controls (HCs). We identified 11 distinct immune cell clusters, with a particular focus on monocytes, revealing six subsets, including three previously unidentified subsets, namely, GTPase immune‐associated proteins, Th17‐related, and lncRNA monocytes, with unique gene expression patterns. Significant differences in monocyte composition, activation states, and gene expression were observed between patients and HCs, particularly within HLA monocyte subpopulations. Notably, enhanced expression of X‐inactive specific transcript and myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen genes was validated across monocyte subclusters in patients. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis highlighted significant enrichment in antigen processing and presentation pathways, shedding light on the disease's molecular mechanisms. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of HLA‐B27+ AS‐associated AAU and may contribute to the development of targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Further clinical validation is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objective Materials and Methods Results Conclusions To evaluate the efficacy of 3D‐printed scaffolds that were osteoinductively functionalized with a bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2)‐incorporated biomimetic calcium phosphate particles (BMP‐2‐inc. BpNcCaP)/hyaluronic acid (HA) composite gel in vertical bone augmentation in beagle dogs.Four Beagle dogs were used in this study. Three months after the extraction of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th premolars at both sides of the lower jaws of Beagle dogs, one or two critical‐size vertical bone defects (4 mm vertical bone defect without buccal and lingual bone) on each side were surgically created. The defects were randomly subjected to the following groups: (1) Control (without bone‐defect‐filling materials); (2) 3D scaffold; (3) BMP2‐inc. BpNcCaP/HA‐functionalized 3D scaffold. Six weeks post‐surgery, samples were harvested and subjected to micro‐CT and histomorphometric analyses.The struts of the BMP2‐inc. BpNcCaP/HA‐func. 3D scaffold were covered by a thick layer of cemented irregular particles with an average pore size at 327 ± 27 μm. The BpNcCaP/HA‐func. 3D scaffold group bore significantly higher bone volume, bone volume fraction, trabecular number, trabecular thickness, bone mineral density, connectivity density, and bone volumes in three directions (mesiodistal, buccolingual, and apicocoronal) when compared with the groups of Control and 3D scaffold. Moreover, the BMP2‐inc. BpNcCaP/HA‐func. 3D scaffold group bore significantly lower trabecular separation and exhibited significantly higher bone‐to‐scaffold contact percentage and newly formed bone area percentage within pores in comparison with 3D scaffold.BMP2‐inc. BpNcCaP/HA‐func. 3D scaffold dramatically enhanced vertical alveolar bone augmentation, which suggests a promising application potential of BMP2‐inc. BpNcCaP/HA‐func. 3D scaffold in dental clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Methods Results Conclusions This study aims to investigate the independent and joint trajectories of resilience, anxiety, and depression symptoms and research the interaction between older gastric cancer survivors' resilience and anxiety–depression during the period of 1 year after surgery.The participants were 381 older gastric cancer survivors, with a mean age of 69 years. Resilience, anxiety, and depression symptoms were assessed immediately after surgery, and at 3, 6, and 12 months post‐surgery, respectively. A longitudinal design was employed to capture the dynamic changes in resilience, anxiety, and depression levels among older gastric cancer survivors post‐surgery. Latent growth mixture model and random intercept cross‐lagged panel model were used to analyse the trajectories of resilience and anxiety–depression and the interaction between them.Two latent trajectories were identified for the resilience, four latent trajectories were identified for the anxiety, and five latent trajectories were identified for the depression, respectively, with three joint trajectories identified: gradual‐increasing resilience, gradual‐decreasing anxiety, and depression group (10.0%); gradual‐decreasing resilience, gradual‐increasing anxiety, and depression group (21.2%); and rapid‐growth resilience, rapid‐decline anxiety, and depression group (68.8%). Resilience among older gastric cancer survivors exhibits significant bidirectional and negative predictive effects on anxiety and depression.Individual differences in resilience, anxiety, and depression trajectories exist among older gastric cancer survivors, with heterogeneous joint progression patterns, and the relationship between resilience and anxiety–depression appears bidirectional. More sophisticated intervention programmes tailored to the unique characteristics of the relevant trajectories are necessary to enhance resilience and mitigate the risk of anxiety and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manipulation of photoluminescence (PL) and persistent luminescence (PersL) provides a powerful tool for anti‐counterfeiting applications. Here, Sb3+‐doped CsCdCl3 perovskite single crystals (SCs) can be selectively irradiated via utilizing ultra‐fast femtosecond (fs) laser, creating tunable PL colors and PersL duration with high precision. The PL color of the synthesized SCs changes from cyan to orange along with the wavelength of the fs laser, for the successful regulation of the optical procedure from a single‐photon to a two‐photon absorption process. Moreover, an orange PersL of CsCdCl3:Sb3+ SC is observed after being charged with a fs laser, and the corresponding duration time can be feasibly controlled with the pump wavelength. In particular, CsCdCl3:Sb3+ is capable of ultrafast carrier capture (1 s) under fs laser compared to ultraviolet lamp pre‐irradiation enabling a high‐resolution micro‐PersL in photon trapping/de‐trapping modes. These findings not only give a new solution for the fabrication high‐resolution micro‐PL and trajectory‐writing micro‐PersL patterns, but also provide a deep insight to understand the photon–matter interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renal fibrosis is a common pathological feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with the proliferation and activation of myofibroblasts being definite effectors and drivers. Here, increased expression of Meis1 (myeloid ecotropic viral integration site 1) is observed, predominantly in the nucleus of the kidney of CKD patients and mice, and negatively correlates with serum creatinine. Fibroblast‐specific knock‐in of Meis1 inhibits myofibroblast activation and attenuates renal fibrosis and kidney dysfunction in CKD models. Overexpression of Meis1 in NRK‐49F cells suppresses the pro‐fibrotic response induced by transforming growth factor‐β1 but accelerates by its knockdown. Mechanistically, Meis1 targets protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor J (Ptprj) to block renal fibrosis by inhibiting the proliferation and activation of fibroblasts. Finally, a new activator of Ptprj is identified through computer‐aided virtual screening, which has the effect of alleviating renal fibrosis. Collectively, these results illustrate that the Meis1/Ptprj axis has therapeutic potential for clinically treating CKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing use of glass‐fiber reinforced polypropylene (GFPP) composites in a wide range of applications requiring long‐term service in challenging environments underscores the importance of its long‐term durability. This study aimed to investigate the effect of thermal aging on the long‐term dynamic durability and stress relaxation of GFPP composites. The time–temperature equivalence principle (TTSP) was used to assess the dynamic modulus at various temperatures and frequencies, as well as the relaxation modulus at different temperatures and relaxation times. To better understand long‐term durability behavior, the study also examined the impact of molecular structure on the durability of GFPP. Changes in chemical composition, crystallinity, melting point, and melt flow index of GFPP due to thermal aging were measured and analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. The results revealed that oxidation led to a decrease in the crystallinity and molecular weight of GFPP. The destruction of GFPP's molecular structure due to oxidation resulted in reduced long‐term durability. While TTSP can predict the long‐term durability of GFPP for decades or even centuries, its application in predicting the long‐term durability of GFPP is more suitable for nonaging conditions. Highlights: Thermal aging reduces glass‐fiber reinforced polypropylene (GFPP's) long‐term durability.Time–temperature equivalence principle predicts GFPP durability under aging.GFPP's activation energy drops with thermal aging.Long‐term GFPP behavior aligns with Williams–Landel–Ferry model.Predictive models refine understanding of GFPP longevity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Terrigenous clastic sediments cover a large area of the Earth's surface and provide valuable insights into the Earth's evolution and environmental change. Sediment grain‐size decomposition has been widely used as an effective approach to inferring changes in sediment sources, transport processes and depositional environments. Several algorithms, such as single sample unmixing, end‐member modelling analysis and the universal decomposition model, have been developed for grain‐size decomposition. The performance of these algorithms is highly dependent on parameter selections, introducing subjective uncertainty. This uncertainty could undermine the reliability of decomposition results, limit the application of grain‐size decomposition techniques and reduce comparability across different studies. To mitigate the methodological uncertainty, a novel deep learning‐based framework for grain‐size decomposition of terrigenous clastic sediments is proposed. First, an improved universal decomposition model is used to analyse the collected grain‐size data, in order to provide training sets for the end‐to‐end decomposers. To meet the data size requirements of supervised learning, generative adversarial networks are also trained for data augmentation. The performance of the new framework is then evaluated using a small‐scale dataset (73 393 samples from 18 sites) of three sedimentary types (loess, fluvial and lake delta deposits). The decomposed grain‐size results demonstrate high feasibility and great potential of the framework in constructing a robust grain‐size decomposition model. Finally, it is proposed that future grain‐size research should aim to establish guidelines for grain‐size data sharing and produce a big grain‐size database for deep learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to compare the effects of the molecular targeted drugs, sorafenib and lenvatinib, on the survival, invasion, and angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Additionally, we investigated the involvement of transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) signaling in their molecular mechanisms. Methods: To investigate the effects of sorafenib and lenvatinib, we conducted cell viability, invasion, and angiogenesis assays, as well as western blotting analyses. Results: In human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2), sorafenib demonstrated potent inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, but induced cell invasion similar to TGF‐β. In contrast, lenvatinib showed weaker cytotoxicity compared with sorafenib, but suppressed cell invasion induced by TGF‐β. The actions of these two molecular targeted drugs were suggested to involve the regulation of the TGFβR2/ERK pathway. Moreover, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, Sorafenib showed weaker cytotoxicity and enhanced the effects of TGF‐β on angiogenesis. Conversely, lenvatinib showed potent cytotoxic abilities and suppressed angiogenesis induced by TGF‐β. The actions of these two molecular targeted drugs were suggested to involve the regulation of the crosstalk between TGF‐β signaling and vascular endothelial growth factor signaling. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that both sorafenib and lenvatinib possess anticancer abilities by inducing the cytotoxicity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Furthermore, they show opposing effects on TGF‐β‐induced cell invasion and angiogenesis, thereby enhancing the understanding of the multifaceted functions of molecular targeted drugs in treating hepatocellular carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental pulp inflammation is a common and significant factor related to poor dental prognosis. Current treatment strategies primarily concentrate on managing the inflammatory response, with specific targets for intervention still under investigation. Triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells (TREMs) are a group of receptor molecules extensively present on myeloid cell surfaces, crucial in the regulation of inflammatory process. Our analysis of transcriptomic sequencing data from clinical pulp samples of dataset GSE77459 and animal models revealed up‐regulation of Trem1 during pulpitis. Administration of the Trem1‐blocking peptide LP17 led to lower (more than 1‐fold) levels of several pro‐inflammatory factors and inhibition of M1 macrophage polarization both in vivo and in vitro. This study of the expression patterns and functions of Trem1 in the development of dental pulp inflammation provides novel insights into the therapeutic strategies for clinical pulpitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but whether T2DM directly causes adverse cardiac remodelling is uncertain. We performed a comprehensive Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relevance of T2DM to CVD outcomes and cardiac structure/function. Methods and results: Bidirectional two‐sample MR was conducted using summary‐level data from European‐ancestry genome‐wide association studies. The T2DM GWAS data included 80 154 cases and 853 816 controls from the DIAGRAM consortium. Outcomes included coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and various quantitative cardiac imaging traits assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. MR analysis revealed causal associations between genetic predisposition to T2DM and increased risk of CAD (odds ratio [OR] 1.104, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.078–1.130, P = 2.59e‐16), MI (OR 1.129, 95% CI 1.094–1.166, P = 6.02e‐14) and stroke (OR 1.086, 95% CI 1.064–1.109, P = 1.02e‐14). These associations were validated in the FinnGen cohort (CAD: OR 1.117, 95% CI 1.075–1.158, P = 1.56e‐9; MI: OR 1.132, 95% CI 1.083–1.184, P = 4.27e‐8; stroke: OR 1.138, 95% CI 1.107–1.170, P = 3.52e‐20). Multivariable MR show consistent findings (CAD: OR 1.063, 95% CI 1.031–1.097, P = 1.11e‐4; MI: OR 1.088, 95% CI 1.042–1.135, P = 1.12e‐4; stroke: OR 1.066, 95% CI 1.032–1.101, P = 1.18e‐4) after adjusting for cardiometabolic traits. T2DM was causally associated with higher left ventricular mass index (β = 0.473, 95% CI 0.193 to 0.752, P = 0.001), lower indexed right atrial minimum (β = −0.048, 95% CI −0.073 to −0.022, P = 2.1e‐5), and maximum (β = −0.042, 95% CI −0.065 to −0.019, P = 4.12e‐5) areas. The effects on right atrial size remained significant after adjusting for risk factors (minimum area: β = −0.041, 95% CI −0.072 to −0.010, P = 0.009; maximum area: β = −0.039, 95% CI −0.069 to −0.008, P = 0.012). Both apolipoprotein A1 and SBP are important mediators in the causal relationship between T2DM and left ventricular mass index. No reverse causal associations were identified. Conclusions: Our MR study demonstrates that genetic liability to T2DM plays causal roles in CAD, MI, stroke, and cardiac structure changes including left ventricular hypertrophy and reduced right atrial dimensions. These findings provide genetic evidence supporting glycaemic control in T2DM to mitigate cardiovascular complications and adverse cardiac remodelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Aurivillius compounds in the Bi2O3–Fe2O3–TiO2 system, combining ferroelectric, semiconducting, and ferromagnetic properties, have attracted particular interest. Formation kinetics and thermodynamic stability are the fundamental knowledge needed for modeling and predicting the temporal microstructure and property evolution during materials processing but have not yet been addressed by quantitative experimental measurement. This article focuses on the Bin+1Fen–3Ti3O3n+3 Aurivillius compounds on the Bi4Ti3O12–BiFeO3 tie‐line to elucidate the mechanisms and thermodynamic controls responsible for phase formation of compounds with various perovskite‐like layers. Five high‐purity Aurivillius compounds Bi4Ti3O12, Bi5FeTi3O15, Bi6Fe2Ti3O18, Bi7Fe3Ti3O21, and Bi8Fe4Ti3O24 with integer n = 3–7 values were synthesized and their phase transformation properties and enthalpies of formation were studied by X‐ray diffraction in situ, high temperature differential scanning calorimetry, and high temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry. Thermodynamic stability of the compounds decreases with increasing n, and formation kinetics gradually slow down, demonstrating the inherent difficulty to synthesize pure Aurivillius compounds with n larger than 8. This difficulty was confirmed by an impurity phase coexisting with Bi9Fe5Ti3O27. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vanadium‐based polyanionic materials are promising electrode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to their outstanding advantages such as high voltage, acceptable specific capacity, excellent structural reversibility, good thermal stability, etc. Polyanionic compounds, moreover, can exhibit excellent multiplicity performance as well as good cycling stability after well‐designed carbon covering and bulk‐phase doping and thus have attracted the attention of multiple researchers in recent years. In this paper, after the modification of carbon capping and bulk‐phase nitrogen doping, compared to pristine Na3V2(PO4)3, the well optimized Na3V(PO3)3N/C possesses improved electromagnetic induction strength and structural stability, therefore exhibits exceptional cycling capability of 96.11% after 500 cycles at 2 C (1 C = 80 mA g−1) with an elevated voltage platform of 4 V (vs Na+/Na). Meanwhile, the designed Na3V(PO3)3N/C possesses an exceptionally low volume change of ≈0.12% during cycling, demonstrating its quasi‐zero strain property, ensuring an impressive capacity retention of 70.26% after 10,000 cycles at 2 C. This work provides a facial and cost‐effective synthesis method to obtain stable vanadium‐based phosphate materials and highlights the enhanced electrochemical properties through the strategy of carbon rapping and bulk‐phase nitrogen doping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The main edible part of the Lou onion is the pseudostem, which is highly valued for its distinctive flavour. However, harvesting decisions for the pseudostem are often based on size and market price, with little consideration given to flavour. By clarifying the growth of flavour in pseudostems, farmers and consumers may benefit from evidence‐based insights that help optimize harvesting time and maximize flavour quality. RESULTS: This study employed amino acid analysis and gas chromatography–ion migration spectroscopy (GC–IMS) to elucidate the compounds of the pseudostem across different growth phases, and 17 amino acids and 61 volatile substances. Subsequently, analysis revealed that 18 compounds, including arginine (Arg), aspartic acid (Asp), glutamic acid (Glu), valine (Val), (E)‐2‐nonenal, decanal, 2,4‐nonadienal, 2‐octenal, (Z)‐4‐decenal, 2,4‐decadienal benzeneacetaldehyde, linalool, eugenol, (Z)‐6‐nonen‐1‐ol, methyl anthranilate, 2‐acetylpyridine, 3‐sec‐butyl‐2‐methoxypyrazine, and 2,6‐dichlorophenol, were the key compounds in determining the flavour characteristics of the pseudostems, as assessed by taste activity value and relative odour activity value calculations. In addition, correlation analysis, focusing on five amino acids and 38 volatile compounds with variable importance for predictive components scores of >1, identified anisaldehyde, eugenol, (Z)‐6‐nonen‐1‐ol, 2,4‐decadienal, 3‐sec‐butyl‐2‐methoxypyrazine, Arg, Asp, and Val as the key differentiators and contributors to the pseudostems flavour profile. CONCLUSION: During the rapid growth of Lou onions just before the emergence of flower stems, the pseudostem exhibited the most prominent flavour, making this stage most suitable for harvesting compared to the regreening growth stage and the rapid growth period of the aerial bulbs. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exciton binding energy (Eb) has been regarded as a critical parameter in charge separation during photovoltaic conversion. Minimizing the Eb of the photovoltaic materials can facilitate the exciton dissociation in low‐driving force organic solar cells (OSCs) and thus improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE); nevertheless, diminishing the Eb with deliberate design principles remains a significant challenge. Herein, bulky side chain as steric hindrance structure was inserted into Y‐series acceptors to minimize the Eb by modulating the intra‐ and intermolecular interaction. Theoretical and experimental results indicate that steric hindrance‐induced optimal intra‐ and intermolecular interaction can enhance molecular polarizability, promote electronic orbital overlap between molecules, and facilitate delocalized charge transfer pathways, thereby resulting in a low Eb. The conspicuously reduced Eb obtained in Y‐ChC5 with pinpoint steric hindrance modulation can minimize the detrimental effects on exciton dissociation in low‐driving‐force OSCs, achieving a remarkable PCE of 19.1% with over 95% internal quantum efficiency. Our study provides a new molecular design rationale to reduce the Eb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luminescence metal–organic materials (MOMs) are widely used as probes for detection. However, most of such probes are based on fluorescence and work in either turn‐off or turn‐on mode. In contrast, long‐lived (>10 ms) probes (LLPs) with recovery response to analyte are quite rare. Herein "solvation complex" strategy is used to prepare two new afterglow complexes with multiple coordinated solvents, trans‐complex 1 with both delayed fluorescence (DF) and room temperature phosphorescence (RTP), and cis‐complex 2 with RTP. Remarkably, they can serve as selective and recovery LLPs for l‐Arginine detection, with limit of detection down to 1.0 × 10−7 M. In addition, heating/fumigation can induce reversible arousal/silence of their afterglow, while H2O/DMSO vapor fumigation causes reversible crystalline‐to‐crystalline transformation between them. Detailed mechanism studies reveal that the change in coordinated solvent, including loss/acquisition, exchange, or replacement, plays a key role in such afterglow multi‐stimuli‐responsive properties. This work not only shows the potential of such long‐lived luminescence complex for recovery detection, but also reveals the unique advantages of solvation complex in the preparation of afterglow multi‐stimuli‐responsive materials [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to clarify the difference in Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) induced inflammatory cytokines and nod‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes dysregulation among three periodontal cells. Methods: Oral epithelial cells (HIOECs), THP‐1 macrophages, and human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were exposed to F. nucleatum with/without adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nigericin (Nig). Cell morphology was assessed by scanning electron microscopy. qRT‐PCR, protein microarrays, and bioinformatic methods were used to evaluate the cytokines and their complex interplay. NLRP3 inflammasomes activation was detected by western blotting and ELISA. Results: F. nucleatum adhered to and invaded cells. In HIOECs, F. nucleatum enhanced interleukin (IL)‐1α/1β/6/10/13, TNF‐α, and interferon (IFN)‐γ expression. In THP‐1 macrophages, F. nucleatum up‐regulated IL‐1α/1β/6/10 and TNF‐α levels. In HGFs, F. nucleatum increased IL‐6 levels. F. nucleatum and ATP synergistically boosted IFN‐γ level in THP‐1 macrophages and IL‐13 level in HGFs. IL‐1α/1β/6, and TNF‐α served as epicenters of the inflammatory response. Additionally, F. nucleatum activated NLRP3 inflammasomes in HIOECs, and ATP/Nig boosted the activation. F. nucleatum also triggered NLRP3 inflammasomes in THP‐1 macrophages, but in HGFs, only NLRP3 and caspase‐1 levels were elevated. Conclusion: F. nucleatum infiltrated periodontal supporting cells and dysregulated inflammatory cytokines and NLRP3 inflammasomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we report the first electricity‐driven and metal‐free C(3)−H fluoroalkoxylation of quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones with both α‐monosubstituted and α,α‐disubstituted fluoroalkyl alcohols. This strategy features the advantages of convenience, mildness, effEctiveness and broad substrate practicality for synthesizing a new type of 3‐fluoroalkoxylated quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) have demonstrated effectiveness in treating various cancers, particularly exhibiting specificity in targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive breast cancer. Recent advancements in phase 3 clinical trials have broadened current understanding of ADCs, especially trastuzumab deruxtecan, in treating other HER2‐expressing malignancies. This expansion of knowledge has led to the US Food and Drug Administration's approval of trastuzumab deruxtecan for HER2‐positive and HER2‐low breast cancer, HER2‐positive gastric cancer, and HER2‐mutant nonsmall cell lung cancer. Concurrent with the increasing use of ADCs in oncology, there is growing concern among health care professionals regarding the rise in the incidence of interstitial lung disease or pneumonitis (ILD/p), which is associated with anti‐HER2 ADC therapy. Studies on anti‐HER2 ADCs have reported varying ILD/p mortality rates. Consequently, it is crucial to establish guidelines for the diagnosis and management of ILD/p in patients receiving anti‐HER2 ADC therapy. To this end, a panel of Chinese experts was convened to formulate a strategic approach for the identification and management of ILD/p in patients treated with anti‐HER2 ADC therapy. This report presents the expert panel's opinions and recommendations, which are intended to guide the management of ILD/p induced by anti‐HER2 ADC therapy in clinical practice. Antihuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 antibody–drug conjugate therapies offer significant benefits for treating human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐positive cancers but carry risks of interstitial lung disease/pneumonitis, which, although generally manageable, requires strict adherence to evaluation and treatment guidelines to mitigate severe outcomes. This consensus from Chinese experts provides strategic recommendations for managing such risks, aiming to enhance real‐world adverse event management and improve the therapeutic safety profile of these agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is crucial to explore the impact of dietary interventions on depression and develop functional antidepressant foods, due to the significant side effects and poor treatment compliance of antidepressant drugs. Osmanthus fragrans flowers are edible and medicinal materials owing to their delightful floral aroma and significant health benefits. Here, we evaluated the antidepressant effects of the ethanolic extract of O. fragrans var. thunbergii flowers (OFE) and investigated the mechanisms of action on the serotonin system and neuroinflammation, and analyzed the main chemical components of OFE. A single administration of OFE significantly reduced the immobility duration in the forced swimming and tail suspension tests in mice without affecting locomotor activity. OFE exhibited selective enhancing effects on 5‐HTergic function in vivo, as demonstrated by its potentiating effects on 5‐hydroxytryptophan (5‐HTP)‐induced head‐twitch behavior and alleviation effects on reserpine‐induced ptosis deficits. In addition, OFE increased 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) concentration and upregulated 5‐HT1A expression in reserpine‐treated mice, further validating its effects on 5‐HT transmission. Interestingly, OFE significantly alleviated microglia activation and the production of inflammatory mediators, both in reserpine‐treated mice in vivo and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated BV‐2 cells in vitro. Additionally, 62 components in OFE were identified using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight high‐resolution mass spectrometry, and glycoside derivatives were shown to be the major constituents of OFE. The present study showed that OFE can alleviate depressive‐like behaviors by modulating the serotonin system and reducing neuroinflammation. These results suggest that OFE can be valuable dietary supplements with therapeutic effects on depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer‐inorganic nanocomposites that integrate the advantages of both polymers and inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) are broadly exploited for versatile applications. Especially, emerging polymer‐templated preparation of inorganic NPs has drawn extensive attention, which is ascribed to simplified synthesis and feasible tunability. However, how to precisely fabricate biocompatible polymer‐inorganic NPs remains unsolved. In this article, by mild ring opening polymerization (ROP) of β‐benzyl L‐aspartate N‐carboxyanhydrides (BLA‐NCAs) and sarcosine N‐carboxyanhydrides (Sar‐NCAs) and subsequent debenzylation, a series of poly(amino acid)‐based unimolecular micelles (PAMAM‐g‐(PLA‐b‐PSar)) are facilely synthesized. Afterward, by utilization of these star‐like polymers as template, the controllable preparation of various PSar‐tethered inorganic NPs is investigated and characterized meticulously. This general strategy for the preparation of PSar‐tethered inorganic NPs can bring a great chance for future fabrication of biomedical nanoplatforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piezo‐photocatalysis could coalesce the advantages of mechanical vibration and solar energy perfectly to achieve high‐efficiency catalytic activity. Herein, the quintessential piezoelectric material CdS nanowires with different aspect ratios are precisely constructed and applied for piezo‐photocatalytic reduction of U(VI) for the first time. The ultrasonic (60 kHz, 100 W) induces piezoelectric potential to generate a 0.57 eV A−1 electric field, which is added to the direction of CdS (010) as a driving force to efficiently separate photogenerated charges. The alliance between piezoelectric effect and photocatalytic activity endows CdS NW‐3 with the fastest piezo‐photocatalytic rate under ultrasonic vibration and 5 W LED irradiation, and the relevant rate constant (0.042 min−1) is about 12 and 53.8 times than that of LED and ultrasonication. More importantly, 93.74% of U(VI) could be removed from natural uranium mine wastewater. Therefore, this piezo‐photocatalysis system that reduces U(VI) to easily separable (UO2)O2·2H2O(s) provides valuable input for disposal applications of radioactive wastewater and broadens the horizons of nuclear energy utilization toward the advancement of carbon neutrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferredoxins (Fds) are crucial in various essential plant metabolic processes, including photosynthesis, fermentation and aerobic nitrogen fixation, due to their role in electron transport rate (ETR). However, the full scope of ferredoxin's function across prokaryotes and eukaryotic plants remains less understood. This study investigated the effect of MtFd from Methanothermobacter thermoautotrophicus on rice photosynthetic efficiency. We found that MtFd was localized in the chloroplasts of rice protoplasts. Transgenic analysis showed that MtFd significantly enhanced the photosynthetic capacity compared to the wild‐type plants. This enhancement was evident through increased ETR, NADPH content and net photosynthetic rates, as well as decreased non‐photochemical quenching (NPQ). Despite similar biomass to wild type plants, MtFd transgenic plants exhibited a marked increase in grain size and the 1000‐grian weight. The elevated ETR and surplus free electrons in transgenic plants result in a considerable rise in cellular ROS content, which in turn enhances the enzymatic activity of the antioxidant system. In summary, our findings suggest that introducing the Fd protein from M. thermoautotrophicus into transgenic rice improves photosynthetic efficiency by accelerating ETR, which triggers the cellular oxidative stress response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monolayer 2D metal‐organic framework (MOF) nanosheets, characterized by abundant exposed active sites and tunable structure and function (such as altering the metal nodes or organic ligands), have emerged as a pivotal class of 2D materials, demonstrating irreplaceable applications across diverse research domains in materials and chemistry. This review provides a comprehensive survey of the latest research progress in the synthesis of monolayer 2D MOF nanosheets. Specifically, recent synthetic strategies, including top‐down and bottom‐up methods, are delved and their applications in gas separation, catalysis, sensing platforms, and energy storage are explored. Additionally, the challenges faced in the investigation of monolayer 2D MOF nanosheets are elucidated and future opportunities for these materials as a novel generation of 2D materials are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for wearable display devices capable of real‐time information collection is growing rapidly. Among them, electrophoretic display (EPD) shows features of ultra‐low power consumption and high readability in sunlight, making them particularly suitable for wearable applications. However, due to high driving voltage and susceptibility to salt, few wearable EPD devices are reported so far. To address this, a stretchable EPD compatible with textiles is fabricated based on waterborne polyurethane. The device exhibits great performance to resist water and sweat, achieving a whiteness of 35 (Y in CIE XYZ) and a contrast ratio of 13.5 at a driving voltage of 30 V. Benefit from the device's excellent bistability and flexibility, there is no degrading to its optoelectronic performance after bending, twisting or stretching. For demonstration, an 8 × 8 matrix display is realized, showcasing that this process is suitable for wearable textile display applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel benzimidazole‐based porous polymer, denoted as PTBI, was synthesized utilizing self‐synthesized 1,3,5‐tris(1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐yl)benzene (TBI) and 4,4′‐difluorobenzophenone as primary materials via a CN coupling reaction, followed by a freeze‐drying process. PTBI displayed commendable thermal stability, as evidenced by a temperature of 475°C at which a 5% weight loss occurred and a char yield of up to 65% at 800°C. Trinitrotoluene (TNT) was effectively adsorbed by PTBI in aqueous solutions, thanks to the combined effects of three π–π interactions and one dipole–π interaction. At 25°C, PTBI achieved a maximum adsorption capacity as high as 280.8 mg/g, with approximately 60% of this capacity attained within just 1 h. Furthermore, a thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption of TNT by PTBI was a spontaneous, exothermic process that was followed by a decrease in entropy. It is noteworthy that following five adsorption and desorption cycles, the adsorption efficiency held steady at a relatively high level using acetone as the eluent. These promising results underscore PTBI's significant potential in the realm of TNT wastewater treatment, positioning it as a compelling candidate for further research and application under extreme condition in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease with an increasing prevalence each year. However, the mechanisms underlying its onset and progression remain unclear, and effective therapeutic targets are lacking. Therefore, we employs an innovative approach by combining single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) with meta‐analysis. This not only elucidates the potential mechanisms of psoriasis at the cellular level but also identifies immunoregulatory marker genes that play a statistically significant role in driving psoriasis progression through comprehensive analysis of multiple datasets. Skin tissue samples from 12 psoriasis patients underwent scRNA‐seq, followed by quality control, filtering, PCA dimensionality reduction, and tSNE clustering analysis to identify T cell subtypes and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in psoriatic skin tissue. Next, three psoriasis datasets were standardised and merged to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Subsequently, weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied for clustering analysis of gene co‐expression network modules and to assess the correlation between these modules and DEGs. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were conducted to select disease‐specific genes and evaluate their diagnostic value. Single‐cell data revealed nine cell types in psoriatic skin tissue, with seven T cell subtypes identified. Intersection analysis identified ADAM8 and G3BP2 as key genes. Through the integration of scRNA‐seq and Meta analysis, we identified the immunoregulatory marker gene G3BP2, which is associated with the onset and progression of psoriasis and holds clinical significance. G3BP2 is speculated to promote the development of psoriasis by increasing the proportion of CD8+ T cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near‐infrared (NIR) mechanoluminescence (ML), capable of visualizing internal biological stress, is crucial for advancing in vivo bioimaging applications. Nonetheless, the scope of its applications is significantly constrained by the scarcity of available ML materials as well as unsatisfied ML efficiency. In this work, a NIR‐ML phosphor of Gd3Ga5O12: Cr3+ (GGO: Cr3+) is synthesized, which is characterized by a peak at 725 nm and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 100 nm. The NIR‐ML phenomenon of GGO: Cr3+ is demonstrated to stem from contact electrification generated by the interaction between the corresponding oxide powder and the employed elastomer. Accordingly, the NIR‐ML intensity is manipulated to be increased by 340%, attributed to the enhanced surface potential of GGO: Cr3+ for the incorporation of La3+ ions. Furthermore, the NIR‐ML of GGO: Cr3+/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film performs excellent tissue penetration, which indicates its promising potential for in situ monitoring of biological stress. Hence, it paves the way for novel bioimaging within living organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the position and intensity changes of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) over Asia (50°E−135°E) relative to the preindustrial period annually and seasonally during the Last Interglacial (LIG), Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), and mid‐Holocene (MH) using available models from phases 3 and 4 of the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project. The multi‐model mean shows that the June–July–August ITCZ variations generally dominate the annual changes. The Asian ITCZ shifts northward over western Asia and southward over the eastern side in both the LIG and MH, and the opposite occurs in the LGM. Its intensity varies with longitude similarly for the LIG and MH and generally weakens in the LGM. Precipitation changes associated directly with ITCZ indices are primarily caused by the dynamic term in the LIG and MH, while both dynamic and thermodynamic terms play roles in the LGM, with major contributions from the convergence components. Plain Language Summary: As an intense rain belt, the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) has an important influence on the regional climate, particularly over Asia. However, its future and past behaviors remain unclear. Based on multi‐model experiments, we investigate Asian ITCZ changes in location and intensity during the past three typical periods: the interglacial periods of the Last Interglacial and the mid‐Holocene and the glacial period of the Last Glacial Maximum. The Asian ITCZ overall strengthens and regionally moves northward over the western part and southward over the eastern part during the two interglacial periods relative to its preindustrial state, which are generally opposite to the position and intensity changes in the glacial period. These ITCZ changes are directly caused by uneven precipitation changes, which are dominated by atmospheric circulation changes during interglacial periods and additionally contributed from water vapor content changes during glacial periods, primarily through the vertical motion of air. Key Points: Asian Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) shifts northward over western Asia and southward over the eastern side in Last Interglacial (LIG) and mid‐Holocene (MH), and the opposite occurs in Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)Asian ITCZ intensity varies with longitude similarly for LIG and MH, while it weakens during LGMDynamic term dominates the ITCZ‐related precipitation changes in LIG and MH, while both dynamic and thermodynamic terms play roles in LGM [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vascular injury is central to the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular diseases, however, fostering alternative strategies to alleviate vascular injury remains a persisting challenge. Given the central role of cell‐derived nitric oxide (NO) in modulating the endogenous repair of vascular injury, NO‐generating proteolipid nanovesicles (PLV‐NO) are designed that recapitulate the cell‐mimicking functions for vascular repair and replacement. Specifically, the proteolipid nanovesicles (PLV) are versatilely fabricated using membrane proteins derived from different types of cells, followed by the incorporation of NO‐generating nanozymes capable of catalyzing endogenous donors to produce NO. Taking two vascular injury models, two types of PLV‐NO are tailored to meet the individual requirements of targeted diseases using platelet membrane proteins and endothelial membrane proteins, respectively. The platelet‐based PLV‐NO (pPLV‐NO) demonstrates its efficacy in targeted repair of a vascular endothelium injury model through systemic delivery. On the other hand, the endothelial cell (EC)‐based PLV‐NO (ePLV‐NO) exhibits suppression of thrombosis when modified onto a locally transplanted small‐diameter vascular graft (SDVG). The versatile design of PLV‐NO may enable a promising therapeutic option for various vascular injury‐evoked cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigating the intrinsic properties of the Schottky interface between graphene and 3D bulk silicon is crucial. However, the semiconductor technology introduces extra doping and defects in graphene, which significantly disturbs the property of the graphene‐silicon interface. Here, the interface parameters of graphene/n‐Si heterojunction are derived by the damage‐free Hg‐probe capacitance–voltage measurement. Due to its low‐density states, the Fermi level of graphene can be pushed upward, which results in a lower Schottky barrier height (ΦB0) of Hg/graphene/n‐Si (HGS) heterostructure than that of Hg/n‐Si (HS) structure. Additionally, the series resistance (Rs) of HGS becomes lower than that of HS, which can be attributed to the narrowed depletion layer width (WD) and the decreased interface state density (Nit). Furthermore, the frequency characteristic is also investigated. Because of the weak interface state charge trapping–detrapping process and the decreased Nit at high frequency, electrons will accumulate in graphene, and the Fermi level will be pushed up. Hence, the ΦB0 and Rs will decrease with increasing frequency. This study contributes to a deep understanding of the graphene/silicon heterojunction interfaces, which is crucial for designing and optimizing the new electronic and optoelectronic devices based on 2D/3D heterostructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a 6061‐T6 Al alloy and carbon fiber hybrid composite material pre‐curing and forming integrated new process, which can significantly reduce the hybrid composite material processing time, improve the production efficiency, and provide the possibility of hybrid composite materials in automotive parts applications. The process started by placing hand‐stacked carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites on the surface of 6061 Al alloy sheets, followed by bonding and pre‐curing of the CFRP to the Al alloy sheets through two different sets of dies in a hydraulic press, and ultimately full curing in an aging furnace. Mechanical properties of the CFRP/Al hybrid composite material were measured by flexural tests. The results show that the flexural strength of CFRP/Al hybrid composites with different layups ([90]12, [0/45/90/−45]3, and [0]12) was increased by 159%, 93.4%, and 67.9%, respectively, compared with the single 6061 Al alloy. According to the macro‐morphological observation, [90]12 lay‐up parts have the least thinning. According to the microstructure observation, no obvious cracks or voids were found in the [90]12 lay‐up parts. Elongated cracks and void defects could be found in the [0]12 lay‐up parts. For the [0/45/90/−45]3 lay‐up parts, voids are mainly exist in ±45°layups. The results of the spring‐back analysis show that the standard deviation of the formed parts obtained from the three lay‐up methods is within 1 mm, indicating that the forming effect is good. Highlights: New process improves productivity and reduces production costsThe flexural strength of CFRP/Al hybrid parts is greatly improved[90]°12 lay‐up parts have the least thinning and no cracks were foundThe forming precision of the three lay‐up parts is good [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high electronic conductivity and tailorable structural properties of MXene materials make them promising candidates for energy storage. However, their poor chemical instability and self‐stacking effect greatly limit their application, especially in aqueous systems. Here, using a eutectic etching approach, hydroxylated borophene is used as a trifunctional mediator to construct robust Ti3C2Tx‐based MXene/B self‐assembled film electrodes for zinc‐ion capacitors (ZICs). Due to this mediator, the as‐formed strong interfacial binding within the heterostructure can give rise to an integrated modification effect and promote high‐efficiency interface energy storage. One is to strengthen the thermodynamic stability of local Ti─O bonds and inhibit the irreversible degradation of MXene; two is to enlarge the interface space of the MXene electrode and boost the ion transport; three is to improve the interfacial Zn2+ trapping ability without affecting Zn2+ migration on the MXene surface. Thus, the MXene/B electrode exhibits a high areal capacitance (537.9 mF cm−2) at a current density of 0.2 mA cm−2 and an extraordinary cycling stability at 1 mA cm−2, with 99.64% retention after 40 000 cycles, which far surpasses that of most previous reports. This work provides a pathway for overcoming the interface storage limit of MXene electrodes to construct high‐performance ZICs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoluminescent (PL) anti‐counterfeiting plays a critical role in encrypted information and anti‐counterfeiting. Dynamic PL anti‐counterfeiting technology provides advanced security features compared with static counterparts. Yet, many current dynamic luminescent materials rely solely on an optical storage mechanism, leading to a lack of diversification and making them vulnerable to replication. Here, dynamic PL emission triggered by ambient temperature variations is addressed. By modifying the sintering atmospheres and non‐stoichiometric ratio of MgGa2O4 (MGO) samples, the concentration of intrinsic defects of the host are modified, resulting in temperature‐sensitive PL output dynamically manipulated from blue to green to red. Density‐functional theory (DFT) analysis elucidates the formation energies of intrinsic defects in the MGO samples, revealing that the self‐activated blue, green, and red emissions stem from lattice defects, [GaO6], antisite defects GaMg•${\mathrm{Ga}}_{{\mathrm{Mg}}}^{\mathrm{ \bullet }}$, and interstitial oxygen (Oi${{\mathrm{O}}}_{\mathrm{i}}$), respectively. Additionally, by monitoring the luminescence lifetime, and the thermoluminescence (TL) curves of the MGO samples, it is shown that the dynamic PL emission is generated by a combination of thermally assisted carrier migration and thermal compensation from trapping centers. Herein, a dual‐channel encrypted dot matrix is designed to enhance information transfer security through the interference between the dual channels, showcasing the practical application of this dynamic anti‐counterfeiting technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harvesting electricity from ubiquitous atmospheric moisture has drawn growing research attention. Despite great advances, moisture generators still suffer from performance decay during long‐term service. Recently, self‐oscillating actuators driven by humidity gradience have attracted great interests, which may give a clue to harvest energy persistently via electromagnetic induction. In order to combine high electric conductivity with self‐oscillating actuators, bimorph composites of 2D conductive MXene with liquid metal (i.e., EGaIn) are designed. In presence of marine alginate, EGaIn droplets can be encapsulated by MXene nanosheets in their suspension. And simple liquid‐casting can produce biomorph actuating films with top MXene‐rich layer and bottom EGaIn‐rich layer of self‐sintered EGaIn droplets. When exposing to a humidity gradience (e.g., 20% cm−1), this biomorph actuator can oscillate persistently with an actuating speed of ≈260° s−1 and a frequency of ≈0.5 Hz, while without any human intervention. Under a magnetic field (e.g., intensity ≈0.5 T), this self‐oscillating behavior can generate an alternating faradic current with an amplitude of at least 1360 µA m−2. Thus, this study may not only provide an alternative pathway for producing self‐oscillating and conductive actuators, but also offer a new strategy for persistent energy harvest from atmospheric moisture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]