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Objective: Traditionally, the prognosis of patients with FIGO stage I endometrial cancer is determined by clinicopathological risk factors. In this study, we assessed the potential contribution of pretreatment carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen‐125 (CA‐125) levels to estimating the prognosis of these patients and aimed to develop and validate a prognostic nomogram. Methods: This retrospective study included patients with FIGO stage I endometrial cancer who underwent treatment between January 2009 and December 2021 in the four institutes of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. To identify optimal cutoff values of CEA and CA‐125 for predicting survival, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated, the Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate survival, and a Cox regression model was used to analyze the independent prognostic factors. Finally, a nomogram and calibration curve were constructed to predict patient survival probability. Results: Of the 1559 patients evaluated, the optimal cutoff values of CEA and CA‐125 were 1.44 ng/mL (area under the ROC curve [AUC] 0.601) and 39.77 U/mL (AUC 0.503), respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that pretreatment CEA (hazard ratio [HR] 2.11, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.35–3.28), CA‐125 (HR 2.07, 95% CI 1.31–3.27), age >70 years (HR 12.54, 95% CI 5.05–31.11), myometrial invasion >50% (HR 1.69, 95% CI 1.03–2.73), non‐endometrioid histology (HR 1.83, 95% CI 1.14–2.95), high‐grade tumor (HR 2.41, 95% CI 1.46–3.97), and lymphovascular space invasion (HR 2.32, 95% CI 1.26–4.25) were significant variables associated with overall survival. These factors were used to construct the nomogram model, which showed good concordance and accuracy. Conclusions: Integration of pretreatment CEA and CA‐125 in a prognostic nomogram is feasible. Our prediction model has the potential to assist clinicians in guiding appropriate clinical practice. Synopsis: Pretreatment CEA and CA‐125 levels should be incorporated into the prognostic evaluation for early‐stage endometrial cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sap flow offers key insights about transpiration dynamics and forest‐climate interactions. Accurately simulating sap flow remains challenging due to measurement uncertainties and interactions between global and local environmental controls. Addressing these complexities, this study leveraged Long Short‐Term Memory networks (LSTMs) with SAPFLUXNET to predict hourly tree‐level sap flow across Europe. We built models with diverse training sets to assess performance under previously unseen conditions. The average Kling‐Gupta Efficiency was 0.77 for models trained on 50% of time series across all forest stands, and 0.52 for models trained on 50% of the forest stands. Continental models not only matched but surpassed the performance of specialized and baselines for all genera and forest types, showcasing the capacity of LSTMs to effectively generalize across tree genera, climates, and forest ecosystems given minimal inputs. This study underscores the potential of LSTMs in generalizing state‐dependent ecohydrological processes and bridging tree level measurements to continental scales. Plain Language Summary: Transpiration is the dominant flux of water from the land surface to the atmosphere, yet it remains challenging to measure and estimate especially given different climates and tree types. This study shows how large‐scale deep learning models can simulate sap flow, the movement of water within trees, with high precision, even in forests and conditions not previously studied. We show that these models excel when they learn from large and diverse data sets. The flexible design of our model training means that every new sap flow measurement can potentially be used to further optimize our networks. Our findings indicate that this approach of continuously updating the model with new information greatly improves its performance to simulate and predict tree‐level sap flow. This work thus highlights the potential of deep learning models to generalize sap flow, thereby enhancing ecohydrological investigations from the tree to the continental scale. Key Points: Long Short‐Term Memory networks (LSTMs) can predict hourly sap flow for diverse trees and climates across Europe bridging tree level measurements to continental scalesTraining on the extensive SAPFLUXNET data set enhances the ability of the LSTMs to simulate sap flow accurately in time and spaceThe study underscores the value of large‐scale deep learning models and advocates for the expansion of data sets like SAPFLUXNET [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of afatinib in patients with sarcopenia, an important prognostic factor for treatment efficacy and toxicity in patients with cancer. Methods: The clinical features of patients with advanced NSCLC treated with frontline afatinib between 2014 and 2018 at a medical center in Taiwan were retrospectively reviewed. Sarcopenia was evaluated based on the total cross‐sectional area of skeletal muscles assessed by computed tomography (CT) imaging at the L3 level. Baseline characteristics, response rates, survival rates, and adverse events (AEs) were compared between sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic patients. Results: A total of 176 patients evaluated for sarcopenia by CT and treated with afatinib were enrolled in the current study. Sarcopenia was significantly associated with good performance status, low body mass index (BMI), low body surface area (BSA), and low total mass area (TMA). Sarcopenia did not influence the response rate (69.2% vs. 72.0%, p = 0.299), progression‐free survival (median 15.9 vs. 14.9 months, p = 0.791), or overall survival (median 26.5 vs. 27.2 months, p = 0.441). However, BSA ≤ 1.7 and the 40 mg afatinib dose were associated with dose reduction. TMA was the only independent factor for afatinib discontinuation due to AEs. Conclusion: Sarcopenia was not associated with treatment efficacy or toxicity among patients with NSCLC harboring common mutations treated with afatinib, indicating sarcopenic patients should not be excluded from afatinib treatment. Other factors, such as BSA and TMA, were associated with dose reduction and afatinib discontinuation, respectively, which may require additional evaluations in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Mold‐ripened cheeses have low levels of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Geotrichum candidum is an adjunct culture for the development of Geotrichum‐ripened cheese but has a low ability to produce high levels of UFAs. Δ12 fatty acid desaturase (FADS12) is a pivotal enzyme that converts oleic acid (OA) to linoleic acid (LA) and plays a vital role in UFA biosynthesis. By investigating FADS12 catalytic activity from various species with OA substrates, we found that FADS12 from Mucor circinelloides (McFADS12) had the highest catalytic activity for OA. RESULTS: In the current study, a plasmid harboring McFADS12 was constructed and overexpressed in G. candidum. Our results showed that LA production increased to 31.1 ± 1.4% in engineered G. candidum – three times higher than that in wild‐type G. candidum. To enhance LA production, an exogenous substrate (OA) was supplemented, and the yield of LA was increased to 154 ± 6 mg L−1 in engineered G. candidum. Engineered G. candidum was used as an adjunct culture for Geotrichum‐ripened cheese production. The LA level reached 74.3 ± 5.4 g kg−1 cheese, whereas the level of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) decreased by 9.9 ± 0.5%. In addition, the soybean byproduct (okara) was introduced into the engineered G. candidum growth and the level of LA increased to 126 ± 4 g kg−1 cheese and the percentage of UFAs:SFAs increased from 0.8:1 to 1.3:1. CONCLUSION: This study offers a suitable technology for converting SFAs to UFAs in Geotrichum‐ripened cheeses and provides a novel trend for converting soybean waste into a value‐added product. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pursuit of high energy density enables lithium metal batteries (LMBs) to become the research hotpot again. However, the safety concerns including easy leakage and inflammability of the liquid electrolyte and the performance deterioration due to the uncontrollable Li dendrites growth in liquid electrolyte limit the further development of LMBs. Gel electrolyte, the most promising alternative for the commercial liquid electrolyte, is expected to solve the dilemma faced by the liquid electrolyte because of its higher safety, good flexibility and adaptability to the electrode and high ionic conductivity comparable to that of liquid electrolyte. Deeply understanding the characteristics and the role of the gel electrolyte in LMBs is of great importance to achieve superior electrochemical performance of LMBs. In this review, we comprehensively introduce the chemical fundamental of the gel electrolyte. On this basis, the modification strategies and the recent progress of the gel electrolyte for LMBs are systematically reviewed and particularly highlighted, which are categorized based on composition regulation, structural design and functional design. We endeavor to provide guidance for the rational design of the gel electrolyte with superior properties for LMBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alpine ecosystems harbor remarkably diverse and distinct plant communities that are characteristically limited to harsh, and cold climatic conditions. As a result of thermal limitation to species occurrence, mountainous ecosystems are considered to be particularly sensitive to climate change. Our understanding of the impact of climate change is mainly based on vascular plants however, whereas cryptogams (i.e., lichens and bryophytes) are generally neglected or simply considered as one functional group. Here we aimed to improve our understanding of the drivers underlying temporal changes in vegetation of alpine ecosystems. To this end, we repeatedly surveyed the vegetation on four mountain summits along an elevational gradient in northern Sweden spanning a 19‐year period. Our results show that the vascular plant communities remained relatively stable throughout the study period, despite fluctuations in terms of ground cover and species richness of shrubs and graminoids. In contrast, both lichens and bryophytes substantially decreased in cover and diversity, leading to alterations in community composition that were unrelated to vascular plant cover. Thermophilization of the vascular plant community was found only on the two intermediate summits. Our findings are only partially consistent with (long‐term) climate‐change impacts, and we argue that local non‐climatic drivers such as herbivory might offset vegetation responses to warming. Hence, we underline the importance of considering local non‐climatic drivers when evaluating temporal vegetation change in biologically complex systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bird species survival and breeding depend on necessary abiotic and biotic components of farmland habitat. A hybrid model based on expert knowledge using Analytic Network Process (ANP) integrated with empirical data is a capable approach for conservation scientists to determine the habitat suitability for bird species. Our study assessed the suitable distribution in the ranges of farmland habitats for bird richness throughout Taiwan, focusing on the regularly occurring birds on farmlands. We established a framework for analyzing potential habitat indicators developed by expert interviews. Then, ANP was employed to compute the weight‐based priorities. By combining habitat indicators, we assessed and presented the spatial distribution of habitat suitability. The results show that southern and eastern regions of Taiwan with high habitat suitability scores cover 60,576.51 ha (27.98%) and 40,531.42 ha (30.09%), respectively. The model has an overall accuracy of 70.40%, showing a capable and reliable approach to assessing habitat suitability for bird richness on farmland. Our study highlights a valuable tool for the policy‐makers through exploring suitable farmland habitat spots, where further conservative practices and prudent biodiversity management should be applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stress failure and continued growth of the solid electrolyte interface are the main factors contributing to the failure of lithium‐ion batteries with silicon (Si) anode. Conventional porous structures typically result in a reduction in the strength and tap density of Si materials. Due to the high melting point and chemical stability of Si, there are limited methods to prepare its porous structure. Here, a method for preparing core–shell gradient porous Si with a high‐strength core and a high‐porosity shell is presented. The high‐strength core can withstand enormous volume change stress. The rich porous structure of the shell ensures the stable existence of SEI. The Si anode material with a core–shell gradient porous structure delivers a discharge capacity of 2127 mAh g−1 (1488 mAh cm−3) after 100 cycles at 1 A g−1, cycling stability with more than 1059 mAh g−1 even after 500 cycles at 2 A g−1, and a rate capability of 1916 mAh g−1 at 4 A g−1. These results suggest that the core–shell gradient porous structure provides a new research strategy to address the stress rupture and continuous SEI growth in Si‐based anode materials during charge/discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, (Na0.5Bi0.5)0.94Ba0.06Ti1‐x(Al0.5Nb0.5)xO3 (NBBT‐xAN) ceramics are fabricated through a solid reaction method. X‐ray diffraction reveals the structure of NBBT‐xAN ceramics transforms from coexistence of rhombohedral and tetragonal structures to a pseudocubic structure with increasing AN content. Raman spectroscopy indicates the long‐range ferroelectric order of NBBT ceramics is broken by AN and the polar nanoregions (PNRs) with weak polarization are formed. The relaxor behavior of NBBT ceramics is enhanced by the enhanced random electric fields (REFs) through the heterovalent cations Al3+/Nb5+. Therefore, a slim and pinched P–E loop is obtained for NBBT ceramics by doping AN and the energy‐storage properties (ESPs) can be improved dramatically under a low electric field. The maximum recoverable energy density (Wrec) of 1.2 J cm−3 is obtained at x = 0.04 under a low electric field of 100 kV cm−1. However, a relatively high Wrec of 1.0 J cm−3 and efficiency (η) of 77% are simultaneously obtained at x = 0.05 under the same electric field strength. Moreover, NBBT‐0.05AN ceramics also exhibit excellent temperature (30–180 °C), fatigue (104) and frequency (1–40 Hz) stabilities. Most important, the study provides a strategy to design high energy‐storage capacitors under a low electric field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) belongs to the Vaccinium genus, which includes blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) and cranberry (V. macrocarpon). Unlike its cultivated relatives, bilberry remains largely undomesticated, with berry harvesting almost entirely from the wild. As such, it represents an ideal target for genomic analysis, providing comparisons with the domesticated Vaccinium species. Bilberry is prized for its taste and health properties and has provided essential nutrition for Northern European indigenous populations. It contains high concentrations of phytonutrients, with perhaps the most important being the purple colored anthocyanins, found in both skin and flesh. Here, we present the first bilberry genome assembly, comprising 12 pseudochromosomes assembled using Oxford Nanopore (ONT) and Hi‐C Technologies. The pseudochromosomes represent 96.6% complete BUSCO genes with an assessed LAI score of 16.3, showing a high conservation of synteny against the blueberry genome. Kmer analysis showed an unusual third peak, indicating the sequenced samples may have been from two individuals. The alternate alleles were purged so that the final assembly represents only one haplotype. A total of 36,404 genes were annotated after nearly 48% of the assembly was masked to remove repeats. To illustrate the genome quality, we describe the complex MYBA locus, and identify the key regulating MYB genes that determine anthocyanin production. The new bilberry genome builds on the genomic resources and knowledge of Vaccinium species, to help understand the genetics underpinning some of the quality attributes that breeding programs aspire to improve. The high conservation of synteny between bilberry and blueberry genomes means that comparative genome mapping can be applied to transfer knowledge about marker‐trait association between these two species, as the loci involved in key characters are orthologous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of young people living in the margins of society reflects one of the most pressing social inequities of our time. Opportunity youth often face many complex challenges perpetrated by a range of systemic issues. These trajectories can be positively disrupted by surrounding youth with a cohesive web of relational and instrumental supports and spaces where their strengths and potential are seen. Opportunity Reboot, a technical assistance and program enhancement model, was developed to leverage the existing capacity and strengths of community programs to more effectively create pathways to school, career, and life success for opportunity youth. The impact of Opportunity Reboot was tested using a single‐group, non‐experimental design and a quasi‐experimental design with propensity score matching. Findings established associations between opportunity youths' experiences of three core Opportunity Reboot features and growth in select positive identity, social–emotional competencies, and skills for systems navigation outcomes. Opportunity Reboot youth were also more likely, on average, than comparison youth to be employed in the four quarters after endline data collection; this finding was even stronger when comparing youth of color in the Opportunity Reboot and comparison groups. This evaluation strengthens the evidence that program enhancement models like Opportunity Reboot hold promise for positively disrupting the lives of opportunity youth. Highlights: Opportunity Reboot youth experienced significant gains in critical short‐term youth outcomes.Strong relationships with program staff and other adults were core to improved youth outcomes.Opportunity Reboot youth secured employment at higher rates than comparison youth.Improved outcomes can be realized through a program enhancement model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment of the genetic structuring of biodiversity is crucial for management and conservation. This is particularly critical for widely distributed and highly mobile deep‐water teleosts, such as hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae). This species is significant to Māori people and supports the largest commercial fishery in New Zealand, but uncertainty about its stock structure presents a challenge for management. Here, we apply a comprehensive genomic analysis to shed light on the demographic structure of this species by (1) assembling the genome, (2) generating a catalogue of genome‐wide SNPs to infer the stock structure and (3) identifying regions of the genome under selection. The final genome assembly used short and long reads and is near complete, representing 93.8% of BUSCO genes, and consisting of 566 contigs totalling 501 Mb. Whole‐genome re‐sequencing of 510 hoki sampled from 14 locations around New Zealand and Australia, at a read depth greater than 10×, produced 227,490 filtered SNPs. Analyses of these SNPs were able to resolve the stock structure of hoki into two genetically and geographically distinct clusters, one including the Australian and the other one all New Zealand locations, indicating genetic exchange between these regions is limited. Location differences within New Zealand samples were much more subtle (global FST = 0.0006), and while small and significant differences could be detected, they did not conclusively identify additional substructures. Ten putative adaptive SNPs were detected within the New Zealand samples, but these also did not geographically partition the dataset further. Contemporary and historical Ne estimation suggest the current New Zealand population of hoki is large yet declining. Overall, our study provides the first genomic resources for hoki and provides detailed insights into the fine‐scale population genetic structure to inform the management of this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs) including Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) are high‐mortality adverse drug reactions. The risk factors and prognosis of drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) concomitant with SCAR warrant clarification. We aimed to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of DILI with SCAR. Methods: We analysed the database of a 10‐year multi‐centre prospective study in Taiwan from 2011 to 2020. Results: A total of 1415 patients with DILI were enrolled, including 81 cases combined with SJS/TEN, 74 with DRESS, 3 with AGEP and 1257 with pure DILI. Approximated 11.2% of patients had SCAR, of which allopurinol was the leading incriminated drug, followed by sulphonamides and carbamazepine. The SJS/TEN group had the highest mortality (34.6%). Jaundice, acute kidney injury and SJS/TEN were independent risk factors of mortality (odds ratio: 29.54, 4.43 and 4.86, respectively, P <.003). Chronic kidney disease with high‐dose allopurinol also contributed to high mortality (78.9%) in cases of allopurinol‐induced DILI with SCAR. The HLA‐B*5801 was associated with a high risk and mortality of allopurinol‐induced DILI with SCAR. Likewise, the HLA‐B*1502 was closely related to carbamazepine‐induced DILI with SCAR. Conclusions: DILI patients combined with SCAR are common and have a high mortality in Taiwan. Allopurinol is the leading incriminated drug. Jaundice, acute kidney injury and SJS/TEN are risk factors of mortality. HLA‐B*5801, chronic kidney disease and high drug dosage also contribute to high mortality in allopurinol‐induced DILI with SCAR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare vascular neoplasm with a clinical behaviour that falls between a benign hemangioma and a high-grade angiosarcoma. Pleural EHE is exceptionally rare, and its prognosis is grim, with most patients experiencing survival of less than 1 year. Here, we present a case of pleural EHE in a 45-year-old woman with a month-long history of right-sided pleuritic chest pain. Chest computed tomography revealed consolidation, atelectasis of the right lung, right pleural thickening, and pleural effusion. She underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for decortication and was diagnosed with conclusively pleural EHE, showing a CAMTA1 rearrangement. Paclitaxel treatment, administered once weekly on days 1, 8 and 15 of a 28-day cycle, resulted in a stable disease after 12 cycles. Managing patients with pleural EHE is challenging because there are still no established standard treatments. Our case achieved 11-month progression-free survival following paclitaxel treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead‐free Ba0.8Ca0.2TiO3–xmol%Ba(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (abbreviated as BCT20–xBMN, x = 0–8) ceramics are fabricated by a conventional solid‐state reaction method. All BCT20–xBMN ceramics have pure perovskite phases which gradually change from tetragonal phase to cubic phase. The average grain size decreases significantly from ≈23 to ≈1.2 μm with the increase in BMN content. The Tm corresponding to the dielectric maximum of BCT20–xBMN decreases with the increase in x, and the room temperature dielectric constant increases significantly. The recoverable energy storage density Wrec and efficiency η% are enhanced to 0.17 J cm−3 and 81.3% for BCT20–6BMN due to the reduced remanent polarization by BMN doping. The Wrec increases with increasing temperature and shows peak values near the Tm. The η% of BCT20–6BMN and BCT20–7BMN has good temperature stability due to enhanced relaxor behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Calf circumference (CC) is an anthropometric parameter that is easily obtained. Increasingly, research has shown that CC related to cardiovascular events. We aimed to determine the correlation between CC and Framingham risk score (FRS) for the 10‐year cardiovascular disease risk assessment in Taiwanese elderly aged ≥65 years. Methods: We included 540 men and 683 women aged ≥65 years. All participants and data were collected from geriatric physical screenings in Tri‐Service General Hospital in Taiwan during 2017. The correlation between CC and FRS‐coronary heart disease (CHD) were calculated. We used multivariate regression models to investigate the correlation between CC and FRS‐CHD. Covariate adjustments were investigated by performing an extended model. Results: A significantly negative association was observed between FRS‐CHD and CC in both genders in both models (all P < 0.05). Male and female participants were divided into quartiles at the CC level (Q1–Q4) and we compared their baseline characteristics separately. We further explored the association between CC divided in quartiles and the FRS‐CHD, which exhibited a significant negative correlation comparing the largest quartiles with the first quartile in a fully adjusted model in both genders (P < 0.05). In addition, the higher quartiles of CC seemed to have a lower FRS‐CHD with statistical significance (P for trend <0.05). Discussion: CC had a strongly negative correlation with FRS‐CHD in both genders. In the future, CC might be an applicable tool in geriatric research in Taiwan for the early detection of developing cardiovascular events. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 1133–1137. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2D metal nanosheets are attractive for various applications stemming from the intriguing characteristics related with their dimensionality; however, their effective and scalable preparation remains a great challenge. Herein, a scalable preparation process of relatively active metal nanosheets (e.g., Zn, Al, and Cu) with the thickness down to several nanometers at low cost is demonstrated, which involves an initial self‐folding‐rolling step followed by the subsequent ultrasonication to exfoliate them without any etching step. The native oxide on the surface of the metals, which acts as a barrier between the adjacent metal layers, plays a special role in enabling the successful preparation of 2D metal nanosheets. As a demonstration for their practicability, a hierarchical Zn anode, which is constructed by the Zn microsheets coated with carbon (Zn MS@C) via in situ carbonization of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) binder, is successfully implemented as anode for rechargeable aqueous Zn‐ion batteries. When applied in symmetrical battery, the Zn MS@C delivers a long lifespan of over 800 h at 0.2 mA cm−2 with a capacity of 0.1 mA h cm−2. Importantly, the full battery of MnO2 || Zn MS@C also performs a high discharge capacity of 217.4 mA h g−1 after 140 cycles at 300 mA g−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) under rituximab induction and reinduction therapy in Taiwan. Methods: We performed a retrospective study in patients with GPA or MPA receiving rituximab therapy from August 2008 to July 2020 in seven medical centers in Taiwan. The clinical characteristics and outcomes of these patients were analyzed. Results: In total, 53 patients (18 with GPA and 35 with MPA) were included. Kidney involvement (82.9% vs. 22.2%, p <.001) and initial creatinine (3.25 ± 2.37 vs. 1.07 ± 0.82, p <.001) were significantly higher in MPA. Within 24 weeks after the first course of rituximab, there were seven deaths (five due to infection and two due to active disease) in patients with MPA (7/35, 20%) compared to 0 in patients with GPA. Of 33 patients receiving rituximab for kidney involvement, 23 survived and were free from renal replacement therapy at 24 weeks. Their chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages improved in 2 but progressed in 7, while 24 had stable CKD stages. Death or end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) was associated with infection and higher initial creatinine. Reinduction therapy for relapse was required in 18 (39.1%) of 46 survivors, which was associated with anti‐proteinase 3 (PR3) positive (odds ratio 3.667, p =.049) and younger age with a cutoff of 49.4 (AUC = 0.679, p =.030, sensitivity = 66.67%, specificity = 75%). Conclusion: Significant mortality occurred after rituximab induction, especially in patients with MPA. In survivors, age younger than 50 and anti‐PR3 positive were associated with the risk of relapse requiring reinduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The association of excision repair cross‐complementing 1 mRNA (ERCC‐1 mRNA) expression with the outcome has been reported with immunohistochemistry (IHC) using tumor tissue in head and neck cancer. We evaluated ERCC‐1 mRNA expression by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) as bio‐predictor of locoregional failure (LRF) to chemoradiation (CRT) for locally advanced laryngeal squamous cell cancer (LALSCC). Methods: A total of 107 male patients with LALSCC were enrolled in this prospective study. ERCC‐1 mRNA expression by PBLs was determined by RT‐PCR. Definitive CRT was delivered with 35 mg/m2 weekly cisplatin. Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor 1.1 (RECIST 1.1) were used in evaluating treatment response. The primary objective was to assess LRF. The influence of patient characteristics, treatment response, weekly cisplatin cycles, ERCC mRNA expression was determined for LRF, progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: A total of 98 patients completed definitive CRT. The median value of 2‐ΔΔCT ERCC‐1 mRNA expression was 3.9; based on which it was categorized as low and high. Correlation of ERCC‐1 expression with treatment response was insignificant (P‐.38). With a median follow‐up of 33 months; 2‐year LRF, PFS, and OS was 63.3%, 34.7% and 79.4%. The 2‐year LRF, PFS and OS for low versus high expression were 53.1% versus 73.5% (P‐value = 0.036), 44.9% versus 24.4% (P‐value = 0.047) and 81.6% versus 77.2% (P‐value = 0.33), respectively. In multivariate analysis, ERCC‐1 expression, T‐stage, N‐stage and tumor subsite are predictive factors for LRF; T‐stage and nodal recurrence for OS; stage and treatment response for PFS. Conclusion: LALSCC patient with ERCC‐1 mRNA low expression was associated with lower LRF rate, and improved PFS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High energy density lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are promising next‐generation energy storage devices. However, the uncontrollable dendrite growth and huge volume change limit their practical applications. Here, a new Mg doped Li–LiB alloy with in situ formed lithiophilic 3D LiB skeleton (hereinafter called Li–B–Mg composite) is presented to suppress Li dendrite and mitigate volume change. The LiB skeleton exhibits superior lithiophilic and conductive characteristics, which contributes to the reduction of the local current density and homogenization of incoming Li+ flux. With the introduction of Mg, the composite achieves an ultralong lithium deposition/dissolution lifespan (500 h, at 0.5 mA cm−2) without short circuit in the symmetrical battery. In addition, the electrochemical performance is superior in full batteries assembled with LiCoO2 cathode and the manufactured composite. The currently proposed 3D Li–B–Mg composite anode may significantly propel the advancement of LMB technology from laboratory research to industrial commercialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two copper(I)‐based frameworks of complexes {[Cu(L)2(ClO4)]⋅CH3CN}(2) and {[Cu(L)(ClO4)]⋅ 2CH3CN} (3) (L = 1,3,5‐tris(4‐pyridylethynyl) benzene) were produced by reacting [Cu(MeCN)4(ClO4)] with different amounts of a ligand (L) using a hydrothermal method at temperatures of up to 130°C. The nitrogen atoms in the pyridine moieties of the ligand coordinate to the Cu(I) ion. The charge on the Cu(I) ion can be stabilized by extending the degree of conjugation in the system and by taking advantage of its highly symmetrical structure. The large degree of conjugation also supports numerous π–π interactions in the framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the association between vestibular dysfunction and specific anthropometric parameters. Methods: The results from 2420 participants of the 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included for the evaluation of vestibular dysfunction using the Romberg test of standing balance and anthropometric measurements, including waist circumference, thigh circumference, calf circumference (CC), waist‐to‐thigh ratio (WTR) and waist‐to‐calf ratio (WCR). Passing the balance test was defined as participants keeping their balance for 30 s while in the standing position with their eyes closed. Multivariable logistic regression models were the main statistical tools in the present study. Results: The mean age of the participants was approximately 65 years, and half of the study participants were men. The full adjusted odds ratio of vestibular dysfunction for the CC, thigh circumference, WCR and WTR was 0.941 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.894–0.992), 0.948 (95% CI 0.912–0.986), 1.856 (95% CI 1.087–3.170) and 2.516 (95% CI 1.235–5.126), respectively. Higher waist circumference along with lower thigh circumference and CC were observed in the participants in the higher WTR and WCR quartiles. Furthermore, a dose–response relationship between vestibular dysfunction and anthropometric ratios was detected. Discussion: The present study showed that individuals with lower CC and thigh circumference or higher WCR and WTR exhibited higher odds of having vestibular dysfunction. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 622–627. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing high‐efficiency electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbing materials with light weight, thin thickness, and wide absorption bandwidth is highly desirable for ever‐developing electronic and telecommunication devices. Herein, hierarchical metal–organic framework (MOF)‐derived Co/C@V2O3 hollow spheres were designed and synthesized through a facile hydrothermal, precipitation, and pyrolysis method. The composite exhibits both excellent impedance matching and light weight due to the rational combination of hollow V2O3 spheres and porous Co/C. Additionally, multiple components enable a large dielectric and magnetic loss of the composite, giving rise to enhanced EM wave absorption performance with a maximum reflection loss (RL) of −40.1 dB and a broad effective absorption bandwidth (RL < −10 dB) of 4.64 GHz at a small thickness of 1.5 mm. This work provides insights into the design of hierarchical hollow and porous composites as thin and lightweight EM wave absorbers with efficient absorption, which can also be extended to energy storage, catalysis, and sensing. At a loss: Developing high‐efficiency electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbing materials with light weight, thin thickness, and wide absorption bandwidth is highly desirable. Here, hierarchical metal–organic framework (MOF)‐derived Co/C@V2O3 hollow spheres were synthesized. Multiple components enable a large dielectric and magnetic loss of the composite, giving rise to enhanced EM wave absorption performance [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, studies have shown that the secretome of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) contains many growth factors, cytokines, and antioxidants, which may provide novel approaches to treat ischemic diseases. Furthermore, the secretome may be modulated by hypoxic preconditioning. We hypothesized that conditioned medium (CM) derived from BMSCs plays a crucial role in reducing tissue damage and improving neurological recovery after ischemic stroke and that hypoxic preconditioning of BMSCs robustly improves these activities. Rats were subjected to ischemic stroke by middle cerebral artery occlusion and then intravenously administered hypoxic CM, normoxic CM, or Dulbecco modified Eagle medium (DMEM, control). Cytokine antibody arrays and label‐free quantitative proteomics analysis were used to compare the differences between hypoxic CM and normoxic CM. Injection of normoxic CM significantly reduced the infarct area and improved neurological recovery after stroke compared with administering DMEM. These outcomes may be associated with the attenuation of apoptosis and promotion of angiogenesis. Hypoxic preconditioning significantly enhanced these therapeutic effects. Fourteen proteins were significantly increased in hypoxic CM compared with normoxic CM as measured by cytokine arrays. The label‐free quantitative proteomics analysis revealed 163 proteins that were differentially expressed between the two groups, including 107 upregulated proteins and 56 downregulated proteins. Collectively, our results demonstrate that hypoxic CM protected brain tissue from ischemic injury and promoted functional recovery after stroke in rats and that hypoxic CM may be the basis of a potential therapy for stroke patients. Conditioned medium constitutes a therapeutic effect on stroke. Paracrine actions of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell are enhanced by hypoxic preconditioning. Apoptosis and neovascularization are involved in this beneficial effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, an environmentally friendly and novel oxide-based mechanoluminescent material, Sr3Al2O6: Eu3+, which can serve as the alternative for the widely used but environmentally hazardous transition metal-doped sulfides is reported. This oxide could exhibit highly efficient photoluminescence, but even more efficient mechanoluminescence as embedded into polydimethylsiloxane matrix under mechanical stimulation. The emitting color of the resultant Sr3Al2O6: Eu3+/polydimethylsiloxane elastomer composites could be further manipulated by adjusting the synthesis atmosphere of the Sr3Al2O6: Eu3+ based on its unique self-reduction characteristic. Moreover, by combining the wavelength selectivity of photoluminescence and dynamic stress response of mechanoluminescence, Sr3Al2O6: Eu3+ enables the design of two types of intriguing devices. They are a dualresponsive anticounterfeiting flexible device activated by either photons or mechanics, and a comprehensive stretching/strain sensor capable of sensing both strain level and stretching states. In comparison to the conventional luminescent materials, with a rare combination of efficient photoluminescence, highly sensitive mechanoluminescence, and facile color tunability, Sr3Al2O6: Eu3+ is much more versatile and ideal for various advanced applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Positive anti-Treponemal immunohistochemistry (original magnification ×200) gl Discussion Lues maligna (malignant syphilis) is a distinct form of secondary syphilis characterized by a widespread papulopustular eruption that rapidly transforms into necrotic, sharply marginated ulcers with hemorrhagic crusts organized in rupioid layers. Histopathological features of lues maligna may be similar to the common form of secondary syphilis, yet the infiltrates are more severe and more granulomatous. 2 Don PC, Rubinstein R, Christie S. Malignant syphilis (lues maligna) and concurrent infection with HIV. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract: Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are considered to be a low‐cost complement or competitor to Li‐ion batteries for large‐scale electric energy storage applications; however, their development has been less successful due to the lack of suitable host materials to enable reversible Na+ insertion reactions. Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) appear to be attractive candidates for SIB cathodes because of their open channel structure, compositional and electrochemical tunability. In this paper, the authors present a comprehensive review on the recent advances in the development of PBA frameworks as SIB cathodes with particular attention to the structure‐performance correlation of the PBA materials, and discuss the possible strategies to address the problems present in the SIB applications of PBAs. Also, the development of the PBA frameworks for the insertion cathodes of other monovalent and multivalent ions is briefly introduced, with the aim of providing a new insight into the design and development of new host materials for the next‐generation advanced batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The total solar eclipse of 21 August 2017 was simulated with the Global Ionosphere-Thermosphere Model (GITM), and the results were compared with the total electron content (TEC) measurements provided by the Global Navigation Satellite System, as well as F2 layer peak electron density (NmF2) derived from six ionosondes. TEC decreased over North America by ~54.3% in the model and ~57.6% in measurements, and NmF2 decreased by ~20–50% in the model and ~40–60% in the measurements. GITM predicted a posteclipse enhancement of ~10% in TEC and NmF2, consistent with observations which suggested an increase of ~10–25% in TEC and ~10–40% in NmF2. GITM showed that the divergence of horizontal winds drove the increase in Oxygen after the eclipse allowing an increase in the ionization rate. The slower charge exchange due to both the decreased ion temperature and N2 density allowed an increase of O+ density in the F region also. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: When using femtosecond laser processing silicon wafer, arises laser spot along with the plasma diffraction. Comparatively studied the spot images of silicon wafer which was in three processing movement states as follows: towards the left, stop, towards the right, found that the three dimensional Gauss mean ablation energy of spot image almost kept the same, this provides experimental support for femtosecond laser feedback processing based on Gauss energy of spot image. Then the following image enhancement strategies are proposed: pseudo color transformation for spot image, color decomposition in RGB space and image superposition of G component, and the quality of the spot image is improved. In addition, adopted the method of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) or K‐means respectively, analyzed the segmentation effect for spot image: through traversal compares the gray value of image pixel and fitness function, realized the spot image segmentation with PSO, and the clustering and segmentation for data cluster of image pixel was realized by K‐means. Finally, overcome the shortcomings of PSO and K‐means, the ideal segmentation for spot target image is realized by combining the two methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All-inorganic perovskite light-emitting diodes (LEDs) reveal efficient luminescence with high color purity, but their modest brightness and poor stability are still critical drawbacks. Here, the luminescent efficiency and the stability of perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs) are boosted by antisolvent vapor treatment of CsPbBr3 embedded in a dielectric polymer matrix of polyethylene oxide (PEO). A unique method is developed to obtain high quality CsPbBr3 emitting layers with low defects by controlling their grain sizes. CsPbBr3 in PEO matrix is post-treated with antisolvent of chloroform (CF), leading to microcrystals with a size of ≈5 µm along the in-plane direction with active emitting composite of 90%. A device based on CF post-treatment (CsPbBr3-PEO-CF) film displays a brightness of up to 51890 cd m−2 with an external quantum efficiency of 4.76%. CsPbBr3-PEO-CF PeLED still maintains 82% of its initial efficiency after 80 h continuous operation in ambient air, which indicates relatively good device stability. This work highlights that film quality is not only key to promoting fluorescence in CsPbBr3, but also to achieving higher performance PeLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subduction of Bangong Suture Ocean and collision between the Lhasa and Qiangtang blocks were keys to better understand the development of central Tibet. However, the initiation and closure timing, and nature and structure of the Bangong suture are still poorly constrained. Mesozoic intrusions are widely distributed in central Tibet. Petrology, geochronology and geochemistry of the Renacuo pluton and their microgranular enclaves in the Gaize area to the north of the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone, south of the Longmu Co-Shuanghu suture zone, are used to constrain the tectonic history of the Bangong suture. Results of our SHRIMP U-Pb dating of the zircons are as follows: quartz diorite is 139 ± 4 Ma, MSWD = 1.6; the microgranular enclave is 147.3 ± 3.3 Ma, MSWD = 0.45. The evolutionary trend of the major elements, trace elements and rare earth elements of the microgranular enclaves and the host rocks are almost similar, suggesting that the enclaves and the host rocks may have had the same source. They most likely originated from magma mixing between mantle-derived and crust-derived melts. On the basis of our mapping and geochronologic studies, we suggest that the formation of the Renacuo pluton is consistent with previously suggested northward subduction of the Bangong Suture Ocean, which occurred in the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Taolaituo porphyry-type molybdenum deposit is located in the eastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in China. The mineralization occurs mainly as veins, lenses and layers within the host porphyry. To better understand the link between the mineralization and the host igneous rocks, we studied samples from the underground workings and report new SHRIMP II zircon U-Pb and Re-Os molybdenite ages, and geochemical data from both the molybdenites and the porphyry granites. Five molybdenite samples yield a Re-Os isochron weighted mean age of 133.0 ± 0.82 Ma, whereas the porphyry granitoids samples yield crystallization ages of 133 ± 1 Ma and 130.4 ± 1.3 Ma. The U-Pb and Re-Os ages are similar, suggesting that the mineralization is genetically related to the Early Cretaceous porphyry emplacement. Re contents of the molybdenites range from 21.74 to 42.45 ppm, with an average of 32.69 ppm, whereas δ34S values vary between 3.7‰ and 4.2‰, which is typical of mantle sulphur. The 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/ 204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb vary in the ranges of 18.276-18.385, 15.566-15.580 and 38.321-38.382, respectively. The Taolaituo Early Cretaceous granitoids are A-type granites. These observations indicate that the molybdenites and the porphyry granites were derived from a mixed source involving young accretionary materials and enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle. A synthesis of geochronological and geological data reveals that porphyry emplacement and Mo mineralization in the Taolaituo deposit occurred contemporaneously with the Early Cretaceous tectonothermal events associated with lithospheric thinning, which was caused by delamination and subsequent upwelling of the asthenosphere associated with intra-continental extension in northeast China. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GeSn/Si heterojunction photodiodes are attractive because they can extend light detection wavelength range. However, the development of such photodiodes via epitaxial growth faces great challenges due to unavoidable issues such as lattice and thermal mismatches between Si and GeSn. Here, print Si nanomembranes are transferred on GeSn/Ge/Si substrates to form the GeSn/Si heterojunction photodiodes. The p‐Ge0.977Sn0.023/n‐Si heterojunction photodiodes exhibit a good rectifying behavior with a low dark current density of 40 mA cm−2 and responsivity of 0.41 A W−1 at 1550 nm under a reverse bias of −2 V. In addition, the detection wavelength range of p‐Ge0.9Sn0.1/n‐Si is extended to 2100 nm because of the increased Sn composition. The bandgap calculation of as‐grown GeSn with various Sn compositions is carried out. It confirms that the enhanced responsivity and extended detection wavelength ranges are attributed to the reduced bandgap from 750 to 601 meV when the Sn composition is increased from 2.3% to 10%. The result shows that the transfer printing of a freestanding single‐crystalline Si nanomembrane to a bulk GeSn/Ge/Si substrate can provide an excellent alternative route for realizing GeSn/Si heterojunction photodiodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To assess the relationship between hemoglobin concentration and cause-specific mortality. Design Cohort study. Setting Data from the government-sponsored Annual Geriatric Health Examination Program. Participants Community-dwelling Taipei citizens aged 65 and older followed up between 2006 and 2010 (N = 77,532). Measurements Mortality was determined by matching participants' medical records with national death files. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between hemoglobin concentration (World Health Organization ( WHO)-defined anemia and 7 hemoglobin concentrations) and cause-specific mortality. Results The mortality risk of WHO-defined anemia increased substantially in both sexes for all-cause and cancer mortalities (men, hazard ratio ( HR) = 1.86, 95% confidence interval ( CI) = 1.71-2.02 for all-cause mortality; HR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.69-2.22 for cancer mortality; for women, HR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.43-1.86 for all-cause mortality; HR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.38-2.19 for cancer mortality). Men with hemoglobin concentrations of 15.0 to 15.9 g/ dL and women with hemoglobin concentrations of 13.0 to 13.9 g/ dL had the lowest risks of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality. Risks of all-cause and cancer mortality increased significantly when hemoglobin concentrations were less than 14 g/ dL in men and less than 12 g/ dL in women. Even mild anemia (11.0-11.9 g/ dL) was associated with greater mortality risk. Stratification according to age, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and presence of comorbidities did not lead to any substantial changes. Conclusion Hemoglobin concentrations associated with optimal survival in older adults were identified and additional data provided regarding the relationship between hemoglobin concentrations and cause-specific mortality risks in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigate the influence of molecular geometry of the donor polymers and the perylene diimide dimers (di-PDIs) on the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) morphology in the nonfullerene polymer solar cells (PSCs). The results reveal that the pseudo 2D conjugated poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-(4-(2-ethylhexyl)-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-)-2-carboxylate-2-6-diyl)] (PTB7-Th) has better miscibility with both bay-linked di-PDI (B-di-PDI) and hydrazine-linked di-PDI (H-di-PDI) compared to its 1D analog, poly[[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl]] (PTB7), to facilitate more efficient exciton dissociation in the BHJ films. However, the face-on oriented π-π stacking of PTB7-Th is severely disrupted by the B-di-PDI due to its more flexible structure. On the contrary, the face-on oriented π-π stacking is only slightly disrupted by the H-di-PDI, which has a more rigid structure to provide suitable percolation pathways for charge transport. As a result, a very high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.41% is achieved in the PTB7-Th:H-di-PDI derived device. This study shows that it is critical to pair suitable polymer donor and di-PDI-based acceptor to obtain proper BHJ morphology for achieving high PCE in the nonfullerene PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To estimate the all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality risks associated with serum uric acid levels in elderly adults. Design Cohort study. Setting The Annual Geriatric Health Examination Program database from 2006 to 2010. Paticipants Community-dwelling Taipei citizens aged 65 and older (N = 77,541). Measurements Stratified according to sex, serum uric acid levels were analyzed in quartiles and as normal versus high categories. Mortality was determined by matching cohort identifications with national death files. Results Men had significantly higher uric acid levels than women ( P < .001), and mean levels increased with age ( P < .001). Serum uric acid levels (normal vs high) were an independent risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in men and women, with the strongest association found for cardiovascular mortality. The association between serum uric acid levels and cardiovascular mortality was independent of other cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and glomerular filtration rate levels. When levels were analyzed as quartiles, men with levels in the second quartile had the lowest hazard ratios for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Conclusion High serum uric acid levels are associated with greater risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality but not cancer mortality in elderly adults. Further studies are warranted to investigate the prognostic implications and potential utility in the monitoring of therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Exchangeable apolipoproteins play an important role in systemic lipid metabolism, especially for lipoproteins with which they are associated. Recently, emerging evidence has suggested that exchangeable apolipoproteins, such as apolipoprotein A4 ( apoA4), apolipoprotein A5 ( apoA5), apolipoprotein C3 ( apoC3) and apolipoprotein E ( apoE), also exert important effects on intracellular lipid homeostasis. There is a close link between lipid metabolism in adipose tissue and liver because the latter behaves as the metabolic sensor of dysfunctional adipose tissue and is a main target of lipotoxicity. Given that the energy balance between these two major lipogenic organs is intimately involved in the pathogenesis of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD), we here review recent findings concerning the intracellular function of exchangeable apolipoproteins in triglyceride metabolism in adipocytes and hepatocytes. These apolipoproteins may act as mediators of crosstalk between adipose tissue and liver, thus influencing development of obesity and hepatosteatosis. This review provides new insights into the physiological role of exchangeable apolipoproteins and identifies latent targets for therapeutic intervention of obesity and its related disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trait markers of schizophrenia aid the dissection of the heterogeneous phenotypes into distinct subtypes and facilitate the genetic underpinning of the disease. The microstructural integrity of the white matter tracts could serve as a trait marker of schizophrenia, and tractography-based analysis (TBA) is the current method of choice. Manual tractography is time-consuming and limits the analysis to preselected fiber tracts. Here, we sought to identify a trait marker of schizophrenia from among 74 fiber tracts across the whole brain using a novel automatic TBA method. Thirty-one patients with schizophrenia, 31 unaffected siblings and 31 healthy controls were recruited to undergo diffusion spectrum magnetic resonance imaging at 3T. Generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA), an index reflecting tract integrity, was computed for each tract and compared among the three groups. Ten tracts were found to exhibit significant differences between the groups with a linear, stepwise order from controls to siblings to patients; they included the right arcuate fasciculus, bilateral fornices, bilateral auditory tracts, left optic radiation, the genu of the corpus callosum, and the corpus callosum to the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, bilateral temporal poles, and bilateral hippocampi. Posthoc between-group analyses revealed that the GFA of the right arcuate fasciculus was significantly decreased in both the patients and unaffected siblings compared to the controls. Furthermore, the GFA of the right arcuate fasciculus exhibited a trend toward positive symptom scores. In conclusion, the right arcuate fasciculus may be a candidate trait marker and deserves further study to verify any genetic association. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1065-1076, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1) is an oncogene that has been correlated with tumor progression, bad prognosis and chemo‐resistance in Non‐Small‐Cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we found that WT1 expression is significantly higher in NSCLCs than in benign controls, and that Cisplatin‐resistant patients display a notable increase in WT1 expression following relapse. In vitro, WT1 levels were associated with the IC50 of NSCLC cells and increased along with treatment time and dose of Cisplatin. Furthermore, WT1 enhanced Major Vault Protein (MVP) transcription via binding to its promoter. Therefore, WT1 may be a potential therapeutic target for solving resistance.WT1 increased when relapse occurred in NSCLC. WT1 increased with time and dose of Cisplatin exposure. WT1 enhanced MVP transcription via binding to its promoter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlike the study of the determinants of FDI to Africa which has attracted some attention, the possible impact of neighboring nations on proximate nation's ability to attract FDI has largely been ignored. The omission of spatial effects regardless of estimation methodology may lead to biased estimates. Using panel data on African countries, we test for local spatial linkages in FDI inflows to Africa. We investigate if spatial linkages are created by geographic, cultural, environmental and business environment proximities. We find that all proximity weights generate statistically significant spatial linkages except for the case where the weight is a combination of regional trade agreements and distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To test the role of the seed mucilage of Plantago minuta Pall. in regulating germination under osmotic stress and cycles of hydration and dehydration, two experiments were carried out using seeds with intact mucilage and mucilage-free seeds. In Experiment 1 seeds were immersed in a range of iso-osmotic polyethylene glycol solutions (−1.15 to 0 MPa) for 14 days; any ungerminated seeds were transferred to deionized water to investigate the recovery germination. In Experiment 2 seeds were immersed in deionized water for 24 h, and were then incubated on filter paper for an additional 13 days to ensure complete desiccation before reimbibition to test the germination recovery percentage. Under mild osmotic stress (−0.73 to 0 MPa), the intact seeds with mucilage were shown to have higher germination rates than the mucilage-free seeds, indicating that the mucilage led to a 'fast sprouting' germination strategy under mild osmotic stress. However, when seeds were exposed to high osmotic stress (−1.15 MPa), the mucilage apparently slowed the germination rate, resulting in a 'risk-balancing' germination strategy. Extreme drought induced by polyethylene glycol solution and the desiccation pretreatment accelerated germination rates compared to non-pretreated seeds; both germination potential and recovery percentage of the mucilage seeds were significantly higher than that of the mucilage-free seeds. Our results revealed that the seed mucilage of P. minuta plays a crucial role in regulating seed germination rates and the germination strategies adopted by controlling seed water absorption when the seeds experience different osmotic stresses or alternating wet and dry conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Me CP2 gene mutations are associated with Rett syndrome and X-linked mental retardation ( XLMR), diseases characterized by abnormal brain development and function. Recently, we created a novel Me CP2 A140V mutation mouse model that exhibited abnormalities of cell packing density and dendritic branching consistent with that seen in Rett syndrome patients as well as other Me CP2 mutant mouse models. Therefore, we hypothesized that some deficits of neuronal and synaptic functions might also be present in the A140V mutant model. Methods Here, we tested our hypothesis in hippocampal slices using electrophysiological recordings. Results We found that in young A140V mutant mice (3- to 4-week-old), hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons exhibited more positive resting membrane potential, increased action potential ( AP) firing frequency induced by injection of depolarizing current, wider AP duration, and smaller after hyperpolarization potential compared to neurons prepared from age-matched wild-type mice, suggesting a neuronal hyperexcitation. At the synaptic level, A140V mutant neurons exhibited a reduced frequency of spontaneous IPSCs (inhibitory postsynaptic potentials) and an enhanced probability of evoked glutamate release, both suggesting neuronal hyperexcitation. However, hippocampal CA1 long-term potentiation was not significantly different between A140V and WT mice. In adult mice (11- to 13-month-old), in addition to neuronal hyperexcitation, we also found significant deficits of both short-term and long-term potentiation of CA3- CA1 synapses in A140V mice compared to WT mice. Conclusions These results clearly illustrate the age-dependent abnormalities of neuronal and synaptic function in the Me CP2 A140V mutant mouse model, which provides new insights into the understanding of the pathogenesis of Rett syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a case of a 72-year-old man with dermatomyositis, a subtype of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. The patient presented with a generalized pruritic rash, malaise, and weakness in the limbs. The examination revealed a "red-on-white" rash on the lower back and periungual erythema on the hands. Skin biopsy confirmed the diagnosis, and further evaluation revealed esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The patient received treatment for dermatomyositis and was referred for surgical intervention for cancer. The article emphasizes the importance of recognizing the "red-on-white" sign as a clue for the prompt diagnosis and management of cancer-related dermatomyositis. [Extracted from the article]

Objective: This study was undertaken to examine whether there is a protective effect of grand multiparity on the risks of death from hormone-dependent cancers. Methods: The study cohort consisted of 144 922 women with at least five children (grand multiparous (GM) women) in the Birth Register between 1 January 1978 and 31 December 1987. Standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) for cancers of the breast, endometrium and ovary were calculated by dividing the numbers of observed cancer deaths to the expected numbers of deaths based on the rates of national female population. Results: Among the 144 922 GM women, a total of 394, 18 and 72 deaths were caused by cancers of the breast, endometrium and ovary, respectively. The SMRs among GM women were 0.73 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.66-0.80) for breast cancer, 0.54 (95% CI 0.29-0.79) for endometrial cancer and 0.64 (95% CI 0.49-0.79) for ovarian cancer. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that grand multiparity may confer a protective effect on the risk of death from cancers of the breast, endometrium and ovary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was undertaken to examine whether there is an association between parity and age at first birth and risk of liver cancer. The study cohort consisted of 1 292 462 women who had a first and singleton childbirth between 1 January 1978 and 31 December 1987. We tracked each woman from the time of their first childbirth to 31 December 2007, and their vital status was ascertained by linking records with the computerized mortality database. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the relative risks (RR) of death from liver cancer associated with parity and age at first birth. There were 826 liver cancer deaths during 32 464 186.58 person-years of follow-up. The mortality rate of liver cancer was 2.54 cases per 100 000 person-years. The adjusted RR was 1.59 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36-1.86) for women who gave birth between 26 and 30, 2.41 (95% CI = 1.81-3.20) for women who gave birth between 31 and 35, and 6.26 (95% CI = 4.27-9.19) for women who gave birth after 35 years of age, respectively, when compared with women who gave birth at less than 25 years of age. The adjusted RR was 0.72 (95% CI = 0.59-0.87) for women who had two to three children, and 0.63 (95% CI = 0.47-0.84) for women with four or more births, respectively, when compared with women who had given birth to only one child. The present study suggests that reproductive factors (parity and early age at first birth) may confer a protective effect on the risk of liver cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To compare hand-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy (HALRC) with the standard laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) in an attempt to delineate their role in bladder cancer treatment. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 51 patients who underwent HALRC (HALRC group, 31 cases) or LRC (LRC group, 20 cases). Urinary diversion was performed extracorporeally through the hand port or the incision for specimen retrieval, respectively, in the two groups. Baseline patient characteristics, intraoperative parameters, and postoperative outcomes were evaluated. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in age, sex, body mass index, previous abdominal surgeries, or tumor stage between the two groups. Although the LRC group yielded a significantly smaller incision for urinary diversion than the HALRC group (7.3 cm vs 6.2 cm, P < 0.05), mean operative time, mean estimated blood loss, blood transfusion rate, time to oral intake and complications were similar in the two groups. Hernia formation was observed with increased frequency in the HALRC group. No patients in the HALRC group and only one patient (5%) in the LRC group presented a positive margin. Conclusions: The HALRC group yielded the same outcomes as the LRC group, except with a larger incision. The hand-assisted approach might be preferred for obese patients or those having multiple previous abdominal surgeries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To report our techniques and experience with hand-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy and extracorporeal urinary diversion for bladder cancer. Methods: Between May 2004 and November 2007, 31 patients (mean age 61.3 years, range 40–79) underwent hand-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy with extracorporeal urinary diversion for bladder cancer. Five patients had previously undergone abdominal surgeries. Data were collected with respect to patient demographics, perioperative outcomes and short-term oncological follow up. Results: Twenty-four patients underwent an ileal conduit and seven patients underwent an orthotopic neobladder. Mean operative time was 365.7 min (range 245 to 530). Estimated blood loss was 250.9 cc (range 100 to 500), with a transfusion rate of 9.7%. Oral liquids were resumed at 4.3 days and the mean hospital stay was 19.7 days. There were no intraoperative complications. Postoperative early complications (within 30 days of surgery) occurred in six patients (19.4%). Two wound infections, one urinary leak, one wound dehiscence, one bowel obstruction and one alimentary tract hemorrhage were all treated conservatively. Late complications occurred in three patients (two parastomal hernias and one ureteroenteric stricture). With a mean follow up of 18 months, 27 patients had no evidence of disease. One patient died because of cancer and one died for unrelated causes. One was alive with local recurrences and one with lung metastasis. Conclusions: Hand-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy is a safe, reproducible and minimally invasive option for bladder cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the evaluation and findings of a community-based prenatal care program, Omaha Healthy Start (OHS), designed to reduce local racial disparities in birth outcomes. Design: This evaluative study used a comparative descriptive design, and Targeting Outcomes of Programs® was the conceptual framework for evaluation. Sample: The evaluation followed 3 groups for 2 years: OHS birth mothers ( N=79; N=157); non-OHS participant birth mothers ( N=746; N=774); and Douglas County birth mothers ( N=7,962; N=7,987). Measurement: OHS provided case management, home visits, screening, referral, transportation, and health education to participants. Program outcome measures included low birth weight, infant mortality, adequacy of care, trimester of care, and costs of care. Results: OHS birth outcomes improved during year 2, and there was a 31% cost saving in the average hospital expenditure compared with the nonparticipant groups. Preliminary evaluative analysis indicates that prenatal case management and community outreach can improve birth outcomes for minority women, while producing cost savings. Conclusions: Further prospective study is needed to document trends over a longer period of time regarding the relationship between community-based case management programs for minority populations, birth outcomes, and costs of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lichen planus pigmentosus (LPP) is an uncommon variant of lichen planus characterizing by the gradual onset of violaceous, slate grey to black macules/patches mainly on face and neck.[1] The disease-related post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation resulting from interface dermatitis and subsequent dermal melanin deposition causes significant disfigurement yet lack of standardized effective management described in the literature. In conclusion, we presented a case of LPP reports successful response with a combination therapy including topical tacrolimus, systemic hydroxychloroquine and subsequent 1064 nm Nd:YAG picosecond laser for disease-related post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Linear lichen planus pigmentosus of the forehead treated by neodymium yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser and topical tacrolimus. [Extracted from the article]