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Key Clinical Message: This article reports a case of mediastinal lymph node tuberculosis with no obvious symptoms and a concealed focus. This patient, a 33‐year‐old male, suffered from pain behind the sternum after eating. He underwent three gastroscopic examinations and two fine needle punctures guided by ultrasound gastroscopy but was not diagnosed. Chest‐enhanced CT revealed a mediastinal mass compressing the adjacent esophagus, suggesting the possibility of enlarged lymph nodes. Furthermore, T cells from patients infected with tuberculosis tested positive. Ultrasound bronchoscopy revealed enlarged lymph nodes in area 7, and then EBUS‐TBNA was performed in that region. Only a few scattered lymphocytes and necrotic tissue were found under the biopsy microscope. The EBUS‐TBNA biopsy Xpert MTB/RIF showed low positive results, and the EBUS‐TBNA puncture fluid Xpert MTB/RIF was positive. Therefore, he was diagnosed with mediastinal lymph node tuberculosis. After antituberculosis treatment with the 2HREZ/10HRE regimen, the patient's pain behind the sternum gradually alleviated, and the enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes gradually narrowed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To identify risk factors that associated with the occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) within 30 days after hysterectomy among gynecological malignant tumor patients, and to explore the value of machine learning (ML) models in VTE occurrence prediction. Methods: A total of 1087 patients between January 2019 and January 2022 with gynecological malignant tumors were included in this single‐center retrospective study and were randomly divided into the training dataset (n = 870) and the test dataset (n = 217). Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors that associated with the occurrence of postoperative VTE in the training dataset. Machine learning models (including decision tree (DT) model and logistic regression (LR) model) to predict the occurrence of postoperative VTE were constructed and internally validated. Results: The incidence of developing 30‐day postoperative VTE was 6.0% (65/1087). Age, previous VTE, length of stay (LOS), tumor stage, operative time, surgical approach, lymphadenectomy (LND), intraoperative blood transfusion and gynecologic Caprini (G‐Caprini) score were identified as risk factors for developing postoperative VTE in gynecological malignant tumor patients (p < 0.05). The AUCs of LR model and DT model for predicting VTE were 0.722 and 0.950, respectively. Conclusion: The ML models, especially the DT model, constructed in our study had excellent prediction value and shed light upon its further application in clinic practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron is an essential element for various cellular metabolism. Cancer cells also have high requirement of iron in their proliferation, invasion, and metastasis processes. Alendronate (ALN), a kind of FDA‐approved bisphosphonates with metal‐chelating capability, is initially certified to selectively bind to intracellular Fe3+ theoretically and experimentally in this study. Hence, CaALN iron nanochelator is rationally designed to kill cancer cells by synergism of Fe‐depletion and calcium accumulation. In vitro experiments and RNA sequencing analysis indicate that CaALN nanomedicine inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells by depleting Fe, interfering with DNA replication, and triggering intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Meanwhile, released Ca2+ and ROS mutually promote and induce damage of cellular macromolecules, which leads to mitochondrial apoptosis of cancer cells. In an intraperitoneal disseminated mouse model with the human ovarian cancer cells SKOV3, CaALN nanoparticles selectively accumulate in tumor tissues and result in significant retardation of tumor growth and ascites formation. The mean survival time of SKOV3‐bearing mice in treatment group is prolonged from 33 to 90 d. These results indicate that the alendronate‐originated iron chelator can serve as an efficient strategy for the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanozyme‐based tumor catalytic therapy has attracted widespread attention in recent years, but its therapeutic outcome is drastically diminished by species of nanozyme, concentration of substrate, pH value, and reaction temperature, etc. Herein, a novel Cu‐doped polypyrrole nanozyme (CuP) with trienzyme‐like activities, including catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and peroxidase (POD), is first proposed by a straightforward one‐step procedure, which can specifically promote O2 and ·OH elevation but glutathione (GSH) reduction in tumor microenvironment (TME), causing irreversible oxidative stress damage to tumor cells and reversing the redox balance. The PEGylated CuP nanozyme (CuPP) has been demonstrated to efficiently reverse immunosuppressive TME by overcoming tumor hypoxia and re‐educating macrophage from pro‐tumoral M2 to anti‐tumoral M1 phenotype. More importantly, CuPP exhibits hyperthermia‐enhanced enzyme‐mimic catalytic and immunoregulatory activities, which results in intense immune responses and almost complete tumor inhibition by further combining with αPD‐L1. This work opens intriguing perspectives not only in enzyme‐catalytic nanomedicine but also in macrophage‐based tumor immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of 10%–30% of wheat flour substitution with potato flour (PF) and sweet potato flour (SPF) on the flour and dough properties, the total polyphenol (TPC), and carotenoid contents (TCC) of bread, as well as their correlation with bread texture and starch digestibility, were investigated. With PF and SPF addition, the peak, breakdown, and setback viscosity of the flour decreased. The addition of PF and SPF reduced the dough formation and stabilization duration, as well as the hardness of the bread. The specific volume of the bread depended on the addition amount of PF and SPF. When the addition of PF and SPF was 15%, the bread had the lowest hardness and highest specific volume. The TPC and TCC in the bread depended on the added flour variety, and negatively influenced specific volume and positively influenced the content of resistant starch (RS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The critical issue that hinders the translation of nanomaterials from basic research to clinical trials is their potential toxicity caused by long‐term body retention. It is still a huge challenge to integrate renal‐clearable and theranostic properties into one nanomedicine, especially exploring the nanomaterials with optical absorption in the second near‐infrared light (NIR II) biowindow with deep penetration and less tissue scattering. Here, ultrasmall polypyrrole (PPy, ≈2 nm)‐based theranostic agents via a facile and green one‐step method, which exhibit fluorescence (FL)/photoacoustic (PA)/NIR II multimodal imaging, superior photostability, as well as high photothermal conversion efficiency of 33.35% at 808 nm and 41.97% at 1064 nm is developed. Importantly, these ultrasmall PPy‐PEG nanoparticles (NPs) reveal abundant tumor accumulation and efficient renal clearance. Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that ultrasmall PPy‐PEG NPs have excellent photothermal effect under NIR II laser irradiation that can effectively eliminate the tumors with extremely low systemic toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Triple‐negative apocrine carcinoma (TNAC) of the breast is a very rare type of breast cancer. Furthermore, the clinicopathological features, prognosis, and potential impact of treatment strategies in TNAC remain unclear. Methods: Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program were used to identify breast cancer patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2016 with TNAC and triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC, IDC [invasive ductal carcinoma], NOS [not otherwise specified]). Chi‐squared tests were used to examine the categorical variables between the two groups. Overall survival (OS) of TNAC and TNBC was assessed by Kaplan‐Meier analyses and Cox regression. Breast cancer‐specific survival (BCSS) was evaluated by Nelson‐Aalen analyses and competing risk regression. Results: We identified 31 362 patients from the SEER database, including 366 patients with TNAC and 30 996 patients with TNBC. TNAC was correlated with older age, lower T stage and lower tumor grade. Patients with TNAC had better OS compared with TNBC patients; the 5‐year OS rates were 82.2% vs 73.5% (P <.001). The breast cancer‐related death rate was significantly lower in patients with TNAC than in patients with TNBC, with a 5‐year cumulative incidence of 9.1% vs 22.9% (P <.001). Chemotherapy was significantly associated with improved OS in TNAC patients, but radiotherapy was not associated with OS in TNAC patients. In the multivariable Cox regression, TNAC was still associated with improved OS (HR [hazard ratio], 0.61; 95% CI [confidence interval] 0.45‐0.83; P =.002). In the multivariable competing risk regression, the significantly higher BCSS in patients with TNAC compared patients with TNBC remained (subdistribution HR [SHR], 0.42; 95% CI, 0.27‐0.64; P <.001). Conclusion: Patients with TNAC had a better prognosis than patients with TNBC, and chemotherapy was associated with survival advantages in TNAC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The blood brain barrier is the main obstacle to delivering diagnostic and therapeutic agents to the diseased sites of brain. It is still of great challenge for the combined use of focused ultrasound (FUS) and theranostic nanotechnology to achieve noninvasive and localized delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs into orthotopic brain tumor. In this work, a unique theranostic nanoplatform for highly efficient photoacoustic imaging‐guided chemotherapy of brain tumor both in vitro and in vivo, which is based on the utilization of hollow mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (HMONs) to integrate ultrasmall Cu2−xSe particles on the surface and doxorubicin inside the hollow interior, is synthesized. The developed multifunctional theranostic nanosystems exhibit tumor‐triggered programmed destruction due to the reducing microenvironment‐responsive cleavage of disulfide bonds that are incorporated into the framework of HMONs and linked between HMONs and Cu2−xSe, resulting in tumor‐specific biodegradation and on‐demand drug‐releasing behavior. Such tumor microenvironment‐responsive biodegradable and biocompatible theranostic nanosystems in combination with FUS provide a promising delivery nanoplatform with high performance for orthotopic brain tumor imaging and therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction of multifunctional stimuli-responsive nanosystems intelligently responsive to inner physiological and/or external irradiations based on nanobiotechnology can enable the on-demand drug release and improved diagnostic imaging to mitigate the side-effects of anticancer drugs and enhance the diagnostic/therapeutic outcome simultaneously. Here, a triple-functional stimuli-responsive nanosystem based on the co-integration of superparamagnetic Fe3O4 and paramagnetic MnO x nanoparticles (NPs) onto exfoliated graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets by a novel and efficient double redox strategy (DRS) is reported. Aromatic anticancer drug molecules can interact with GO nanosheets through supramolecular π stacking to achieve high drug loading capacity and pH-responsive drug releasing performance. The integrated MnO x NPs can disintegrate in mild acidic and reduction environment to realize the highly efficient pH-responsive and reduction-triggered T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 NPs can not only function as the T2-weighted contrast agents for MRI, but also response to the external magnetic field for magnetic hyperthermia against cancer. Importantly, the constructed biocompatible GO-based nanoplatform can inhibit the metastasis of cancer cells by downregulating the expression of metastasis-related proteins, and anticancer drug-loaded carrier can significantly reverse the multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A unique mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs)-based theranostic platform with ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) confined within mesopore network has been developed by a facile but efficient physical-vapor-infiltration (PVI) method. The highly dispersed Fe species within mesopore channels can synchronously function as the non-toxic contrast agents for highly efficient T1-weighted MR imaging, and as anchoring sites for anti-cancer drug molecule loading and pH-responsive release based on the special metal-ligand coordination bonding between the Fe species and drug molecules. Moreover, the obtained Fe-MSNs exhibit favorable biocompatibility, enhanced chemotherapeutic efficacy and concurrently diminished side effects due to the non-specific attack of chemotherapeutic drugs, as well as the capability in circumventing the multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells and suppressing the metastasis of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. This pH-resoponsive theranostic agent provides a new promising MSNs-based anti-cancer nanomedicine for future biomedical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near infrared light, especially the second near‐infrared light (NIR II) biowindows with deep penetration and high sensitivity are widely used for optical diagnosis and phototherapy. Here, a novel kind of 2D SnTe@MnO2‐SP nanosheet (NS)‐based nanoplatform is developed for cancer theranostics with NIR II‐mediated precise optical imaging and effective photothermal ablation of mouse xenografted tumors. The 2D SnTe@MnO2‐SP NSs are fabricated via a facile method combining ball‐milling and liquid exfoliation for synthesis of SnTe NSs, and surface coating MnO2 shell and soybean phospholipid (SP). The ultrathin SnTe@MnO2‐SP NSs reveal notably high photothermal conversion efficiency (38.2% in NIR I and 43.9% in NIR II). The SnTe@MnO2‐SP NSs inherently feature tumor microenvironment (TME)‐responsive biodegradability, and the main metabolite TeO32− shows great antitumor effect, coupling synergetic chemotherapy for cancer. Moreover, the SnTe@MnO2‐SP NSs also exhibit great potential for fluorescence, photoacoustic (PA), and photothermal imaging agents in the NIR II biowindow with much higher resolution and sensitivity. This is the first report, as far as is known, with such an inorganic nanoagent setting fluorescence/PA/photothermal imaging and photothermal therapy in NIR II biowindow and TME‐responsive biodegradability rolled into one, which provide insight into the clinical potential for cancer theranostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triple‐functional nanographene oxides described by H. Chen, Y. Li, J. Shi, and co‐workers on page 4386 can circulate within blood vessels to achieve the specific goals of intelligent and efficient cancer imaging and chemotherapy, including pH‐responsive drug release to inhibit metastasis and reverse the multidrug resistance of cancer cells, pH‐/redox‐responsive magnetic resonance imaging, and magnetic field‐responsive cancer hyperthermia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]