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Cuproptosis is a newly discovered form of programmed cell death significantly depending on the transport efficacy of copper (Cu) ionophores. However, existing Cu ionophores, primarily small molecules with a short blood half‐life, face challenges in transporting enough amounts of Cu ions into tumor cells. This work describes the construction of carrier‐free nanoparticles (Ce6@Cu NPs), which self‐assembled by the coordination of Cu2+ with the sonosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6), facilitating sonodynamic‐triggered combination of cuproptosis and ferroptosis. Ce6@Cu NPs internalized by U87MG cells induce a sonodynamic effect and glutathione (GSH) depletion capability, promoting lipid peroxidation and eventually inducing ferroptosis. Furthermore, Cu+ concentration in tumor cells significantly increases as Cu2+ reacts with reductive GSH, resulting in the downregulation of ferredoxin‐1 and lipoyl synthase. This induces the oligomerization of lipoylated dihydrolipoamide S‐acetyltransferase, causing proteotoxic stress and irreversible cuproptosis. Ce6@Cu NPs possess a satisfactory ability to penetrate the blood‐brain barrier, resulting in significant accumulation in orthotopic U87MG‐Luc glioblastoma. The sonodynamic‐triggered combination of ferroptosis and cuproptosis in the tumor by Ce6@Cu NPs is evidenced both in vitro and in vivo with minimal side effects. This work represents a promising tumor therapeutic strategy combining ferroptosis and cuproptosis, potentially inspiring further research in developing logical and effective cancer therapies based on cuproptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR) to multicarbon products has been widely recognized for Cu‐based catalysts. However, the structural changes in Cu‐based catalysts during the eCO2RR pose challenges to achieving an in‐depth understanding of the structure–activity relationship, thereby limiting catalyst development. Herein, we employ constant‐potential density functional theory calculations to investigate the sintering process of Cu single atoms of Cu−N−C single‐atom catalysts into clusters under eCO2RR conditions. Systematic constant‐potential ab initio molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the leaching of Cu−(CO)x moieties and subsequent agglomeration into clusters can be facilitated by synergistic adsorption of H and eCO2RR intermediates (e.g. CO). Increasing the Cu2+ concentration or the applied potential can efficiently suppress Cu sintering. Both microkinetic simulations and experimental results further confirm that sintered Cu clusters play a crucial role in generating C2 products. These findings provide significant insights into the dynamic evolution of Cu‐based catalysts and the origin of their activity toward C2 products during the eCO2RR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transparent wood (TW) combining unique anisotropic structure has broad application prospects in the field of advanced building furniture materials. Many efforts have been made to add quantum dots or nanoparticles to TW to endow it with additional functionality, such as luminescent, electrochromic, and thermochromic TW. However, luminous TW with shape‐editable functionality and its new applications have yet to be explored. Benefiting from the excellent luminescence performance in a diluted solution state, BODIPY (4,4‐difluoro‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diazas‐indacene) dyes have been widely used for bio‐sensing and bioimaging. In addition, vitrimers exhibit excellent stimuli‐responsive, shape‐memory, and reprocessing properties thanks to exchangeable dynamic covalent crosslinking networks, which are suitable for fabricating smart TW. Herein, combing these advantages, a dual‐functional transparent wood composite (P‐SEFTW) with photoluminescent and shape editable function was developed by introducing BODIPY dyes and vitrimers into the delignified wood (DW) templates. P‐SEFTW displays good UV luminescence, unique light guiding and directional scattering effects. Meanwhile, it shows excellent shape‐recovery, shape‐programming, shape‐erasing, and re‐programming capability under thermal‐stimulus. These characteristics enable TW to exhibit great prospect as an advanced smart and functional building material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic resistance is a major challenge in the clinical treatment of bacterial infectious diseases. Herein, we constructed a multifunctional DNA nanoplatform as a versatile carrier for bacteria‐specific delivery of clinical antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP) and classic nanoantibiotic silver nanoparticles (AgNP). In our rational design, CIP was efficiently loaded in the self‐assembly double‐bundle DNA tetrahedron through intercalation with DNA duplex, and single‐strand DNA‐modified AgNP was embedded in the cavity of the DNA tetrahedron through hybridization. With the site‐specific assembly of targeting aptamer in the well‐defined DNA tetrahedron, the bacteria‐specific dual‐antibiotic delivery system exhibited excellent combined bactericidal properties. With enhanced antibiotic accumulation through breaking the out membrane of bacteria, the antibiotic delivery system effectively inhibited biofilm formation and promoted the healing of infected wounds in vivo. This DNA‐based antibiotic delivery system provides a promising strategy for the treatment of antibiotic‐resistant infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The control measures of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic had influenced the activity of the influenza virus, and we were wondering the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward seasonal influenza vaccine among college students were having at the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Methods: Online questionnaire survey of the college students was conducted and the data was collected anonymously, cross‐sectional study were used to describe the distribution of the KAP. Results: There were 815 respondents in our study. Most participants have a high recognition of the effectiveness and safety of the influenza vaccine. However, a low awareness rate of influenza vaccine knowledge and vaccination rate (18%) against influenza was observed among college students. The education level and major would have a higher weight on the influence of KAP among the college students. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the sex (OR = 2.163, p <.001), age (OR = 2.242, p <.001), heard of the influenza vaccine (OR = 2.655, p =.014), and "How necessary do you think vaccinating every year is?" (OR = 3.947, p <.001) of the college students were the main factors that affect the KAP on influenza vaccination. Conclusions: Our study provided an insight into the KAP of influenza vaccine among college students in South China. The vaccination rate and acceptability of influenza vaccine in college students are higher than that in the whole population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacteria infection is a significant obstacle in the clinical treatment of exposed wounds facing widespread pathogens. Herein, we report a DNA origami‐based bactericide for efficient anti‐infection therapy of infected wounds in vivo. In our design, abundant DNAzymes (G4/hemin) can be precisely organized on the DNA origami for controllable generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to break bacterial membranes. After the destruction of the membrane, broad‐spectrum antibiotic levofloxacin (LEV, loaded in the DNA origami through interaction with DNA duplex) can be easily delivered into the bacteria for successful sterilization. With the incorporation of DNA aptamer targeting bacterial peptidoglycan, the DNA origami‐based bactericide can achieve targeted and combined antibacterial therapy for efficiently promoting the healing of infected wounds. This tailored DNA origami‐based nanoplatform provides a new strategy for the treatment of infectious diseases in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To explore the effect of exosomal miR‐126 derived from stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) under hypoxia on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) angiogenesis. Methods: miR‐126 mimics plasmids were used to upregulate miR‐126 in SCAPs. Internalization of PKH26‐labeled exosomes was examined by fluorescent microscopy. CCK‐8 assay, Transwell assay, scratch assay, tube formation assay, and Matrigel plug assay were performed to detect the effects of exosomes on the angiogenic ability of HUVECs. The luciferase reporter assay and rescue assay were performed to examine the relationship between miR‐126 and sprouty‐related, EVH1 domain‐containing protein 1 (SPRED1). The involvement of SPRED1 and the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway was evaluated by western blotting. Results: miR‐126 expression was upregulated in SCAPs and in SCAP‐derived exosomes under hypoxia. miR‐126 expression was increased in HUVECs when cocultured with SCAP‐derived exosomes. Induced overexpression of miR‐126 in hypoxic SCAPs and secreted exosomes resulted in enhanced angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Western blot analysis revealed that miR‐126‐mediated SPRED1 downregulation induced activation of ERK signaling. Conclusions: Under hypoxic conditions, exosomes derived from SCAPs can promote HUVEC angiogenesis through expression of miR‐126, which subsequently suppresses SPRED1 and activates the ERK signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (WWP2) is a member of the NEDD4 E3 ubiquitin ligase family. WWP2 ligase activity is regulated by the 2, 3‐linker auto‐inhibition. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the 2, 3‐linker was identified as an activating means for releasing the auto‐inhibition of WWP2. However, the tyrosine kinase (TK) for the phosphorylation and activation remains unknown. In this report, we have found that non‐receptor TK ACK1 binds to the WW3 domain of WWP2 and phosphorylates WWP2. ACK1 phosphorylates WWP2 at the 2, 3‐linker and partially activates the ubiquitination ligase activity. Unexpectedly, tyrosine phosphorylation of the 2, 3‐linker seems not a major mode for activation of WWP2, as ACK1 causes much higher activation of the 2, 3‐linker tyrosine phosphorylation defective mutants of WWP2 than that of wild‐type WWP2. Furthermore, epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of WWP2 and this EGF‐stimulated phosphorylation of WWP2 is mediated by ACK1. Finally, knockdown of WWP2 by shWWP2 inhibits the EGF‐dependent cell proliferation of lung cancer A549 cells, suggesting that WWP2 may function in the EGFR signaling in lung cancer progression. Taken together, our findings have revealed a novel mechanism underlying activation of WWP2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Curcumin (Cur) is a natural active phenolic compound extracted from the root of Curcuma Longa L. It has anti‐inflammatory, anti‐tumor and other pharmacological activities, and is commonly used to treat ulcerative colitis (UC). However, it is not clear whether curcumin regulates the function and differentiation of Breg cells to treat UC. In this study, mice with chronic colitis were induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), and treated with curcumin for 12 days. Curcumin effectively improved the body weight, colonic weight, colonic length, decreased colonic weight index and pathological injury score under colonoscopy in mice with chronic colitis, and significantly inhibited the production of IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐33, CCL‐2, IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, and promoted the secretion of IL‐4, IL‐10, IL‐13 and IgA. Importantly, curcumin markedly upregulated CD3−CD19+CD1d+, CD3−CD19+CD25+, CD3−CD19+Foxp3+Breg cells level and significantly down‐regulated CD3−CD19+PD‐L1+, CD3−CD19+tim‐1+, CD3−CD19+ CD27+ Breg cells level. In addition, our results also showed that curcumin observably inhibited TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, MyD88, IRAK4, p‐IRAK4, NF‐κB P65, IRAK1, TRAF6, TAB1, TAB2, TAK1, MKK3, MKK6, p38MAPK, p‐p38MAPK and CREB expression in TLR/MyD88 signaling pathway. These results suggest that curcumin can regulate the differentiation and function of Breg cell to alleviate DSS‐induced colitis, which may be realized by inhibiting TLR/MyD88 pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work addresses the adaptive output feedback quantized control for a class of switched stochastic nonstrict‐feedback nonlinear time‐delay systems with input and output quantization and actuator saturation under arbitrary switching. A novel state observer including the quantized output signal and the saturated input signal is designed to estimate the unknown system states. Then, the command‐filtered backstepping method is introduced to avoid the "explosion of complexity" in the adaptive backstepping recursive design. Moreover, the design challenges from input and output quantization errors and actuator saturation are overcome by combining the auxiliary variable approach and some special techniques. Instead of the traditional quartic Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, the common quadratic Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional is constructed to develop the adaptive quantized tracking control scheme for such systems. By means of the proposed common controller independent of switching signal, all closed‐loop signals are mean‐square semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded, while the tracking error will remain in a small neighborhood of the origin. Finally, stability analysis and simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness and performance of the proposed design methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To analyze the epidemic characteristics of the human rhinovirus (HRV) outbreaks in Guangzhou, China, in 2020. Methods: Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the HRV‐related outbreaks in Guangzhou, 2020. Results: Seventeen outbreaks were reported in 2020 during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic in Guangzhou, a total of 465 patients (290 males and 175 females) were enrolled, with a median age of 10. A total of 223 (47.96%) had been tested for HRV, 89 (39.91%) of which were positive; 344/465 (73.98%) had a fever, 138/465 (29.68%) had a runny nose, 139/465 (29.89%) had a sore throat, 86/465 (18.49%) had a cough, 41/465 (8.82%) had a headache, and 37/465 (7.96%) had a sneeze. Patients at age of 13–15 had the highest rate of sore throat and runny nose, patients aged 11–12 had the highest rate of sneezing, and patients at age of 12–14 had the highest rate of positive rate. Patients tested positive had a higher rate of fever (χ2 = 11.271, p =.001), cough (χ2 = 6.987, p =.008), runny nose (χ2 = 7.980, p =.005), and sneeze (χ2 = 4.676, p =.031). Conclusion: The HRV was restored during the fighting of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The conventional COVID‐19 control measures were not effective enough in preventing rhinovirus. More appropriate control measures should be used to control HRV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oral lesions are important clinical manifestations of chronic graft‐verse‐host disease (cGVHD). However, the oral characteristics of cGVHD mouse model are not yet clear. This study aims to demonstrate oral histopathological and immunological characteristics of a xenogeneic cGVHD mouse model. Materials and methods: 2.5 × 106, 5.0 × 106, 7.5 × 106, and 10.0 × 106 human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) were intravenously transplanted into NCG mice to induce cGVHD. After transplantation, clinical observations were recorded. Tissue samples from salivary glands and oral mucosa were stained with H&E, Masson Trichrome, and immunofluorescence, and the histopathology of oral tissues was scored according to our modified criteria. Results: NCG mice showed signs of cGVHD onset after transplantation. The oral histopathological lesion incidences in each group were 37.50%, 50.00%, 62.50%, and 75.00%, respectively. Oral histopathological lesion incidence and histopathological scores were positively correlated with the amount of infused hPBMCs. Epithelial atrophy, epithelial cells vacuolar degeneration, and basal cells liquefaction denaturation were observed in oral mucosa, and acinar destruction and collagen deposition were observed in the salivary glands. Human CD45+, CD4+, CD8+, IL‐17+, and FoxP3+ cells infiltrated into oral tissues. In the 5.0 × 106 hPBMCs group, oral histopathological changes mainly began between days 30 and 45 post‐transplantation, and became more severe after day 45. The oral histopathological scores also gradually increased. Conclusion: Inflammation in oral mucosa epithelium and salivary glands, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells dominating infiltration are the main oral features in the xenogeneic cGVHD mouse model. The severity of oral histopathological lesions shows a dose and time correlation. These may be helpful to oral cGVHD research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practical application of lithium–sulfur batteries is hampered by the sluggish redox reaction kinetics and severe lithium polysulfide (LiPS) migration, especially under high sulfur loading and lean electrolyte scenarios. Strategies to catalyze the sulfur liquid/solid conversion within a "hermetic" nano‐container have been proposed, where the LiPS migration and sluggish reaction kinetics can be simultaneously addressed. Herein, to realize rapid LiPS conversion and slow LiPS migration, the sulfur species are packed by a hermetic catalytic interface, constructed by the phosphorene/graphene heterostructure. The 2D phosphorene/graphene stacking has two unique benefits: 1) a direct electron transfer avoiding any insulating media, resulting in an exceptional catalytic effect on LiPS conversion; ii) favorable charge rearrangement that enhances chemisorption toward LiPS and limits LiPS crossover. The proposed highly flexible hermetic interface with strong van der Waals serves as a bifunctional nano‐container to pack sulfur species and promote sulfur redox reactions, which gives rise to excellent battery performances: a high areal capacity of 5.57 mAh cm−2 under a low electrolyte/sulfur ratio of 5.7 mL g−1. This work affords a coupling strategy that embraces interfacial and structural engineering to promote kinetic reactions of sulfur conversions under electrolyte‐lean conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Infection with dengue virus (DENV) leads to symptoms variable from dengue fever to severe dengue, which has posed a huge socioeconomic and disease burden to the world population, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. To date, four serotypes of DENV (DENV‐1 to DENV‐4) have been identified to sustain the transmission cycle in humans. In the past decades, dengue incidences have become more frequent, and four serotypes and various genotypes have been identified in PR China. Several large‐scale dengue outbreaks and frequent local endemics occurred in the southern and coastal provinces, and the imported dengue cases accounted primarily for the initiation of the epidemics. No antiviral drug exists for dengue, and no vaccine has been approved to use in PR China, however strategies including public awareness, national reporting system of infectious diseases and public health emergencies, vector mosquito control, personal protection, and improved environmental sanitation have greatly reduced dengue prevalence. Some new technologies in vector mosquito control are emerging and being applied for dengue control. China's territory spans tropical, subtropical, and temperate climates, hence understanding the dengue status in China will be of beneficial for the global prevention and control of dengue. Here, we review the dengue status in PR China for the past decades and the strategies emerging for dengue control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the case study conducted on serum and salivary cytokines among patients with oral cGVHD after Allo-HSCT. Topics of discussion includes Chronic graft-versus-host disease, an alloimmune and autoimmune disease, causes illness and death after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Rhinovirus remains prevalent in school teenagers during fight against COVID-19 pandemic Keywords: rhinovirus; HRV; SARS-COV-2; COVID-19 EN rhinovirus HRV SARS-COV-2 COVID-19 76 79 4 02/06/21 20210301 NES 210301 The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is now being a disaster, as of November 3, 2020, the World Health Organization have reported 46 million cases and 1.2 million deaths globally.1 Studies have reported that respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza, varicella, herpes zoster, rubella, and measles are suppressed during the fight against the pandemic of COVID-19,2-4 and the respiratory infection.5 However, while schools in Guangzhou have been reopened, we have monitored several outbreaks of unknown fever, and later proved to be human rhinovirus (HRV) infections. We next conducted a I i SP 2 sp test and found that the rate of patients with runny nose was statistically higher in the HRV positive patients than that of in the HRV-negative patients (Table 2). [Extracted from the article]

Chemically modified DNA has been widely developed to fabricate various nucleic acid nanostructures for biomedical applications. Herein, we report a facile strategy for construction of branched antisense DNA and small interfering RNA (siRNA) co‐assembled nanoplatform for combined gene silencing in vitro and in vivo. In our design, the branched antisense can efficiently capture siRNA with 3′ overhangs through DNA–RNA hybridization. After being equipped with an active targeting group and an endosomal escape peptide by host–guest interaction, the tailored nucleic acid nanostructure functions efficiently as both delivery carrier and therapeutic cargo, which is released by endogenous RNase H digestion. The multifunctional nucleic acid nanosystem elicits an efficient inhibition of tumor growth based on the combined gene silencing of the tumor‐associated gene polo‐like kinase 1 (PLK1). This biocompatible nucleic acid nanoplatform presents a new strategy for the development of gene therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the impact of various uncertainties, the potential operation risk of the distribution network is gradually gaining more and more attention in both security and economy. To comprehensively determine the risk level, an operational risk assessment method considering multiple risk factors is proposed. Firstly, probabilistic models are established including temporal distributions of electric vehicles and uncertainties of renewable energy. Secondly, a time-sequential security risk assessment method with several security indicators including overvoltage risk, undervoltage risk, line-overload risk and load-loss risk is established using probabilistic load flow and dynamical sensitivity weight analysis method. Thirdly, conditional value at risk model is presented for time-varying economic risk considering line-loss risk and operational profit or loss risk of distributed generations. Finally, a risk early warning standard is proposed to realise the visualisation of risk warning by defining the risk level and risk area. Simulations of different scenarios are conducted on the modified IEEE 34-bus radial test system and the results reveal that the proposed strategy is effective and practical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferritin is an iron‐storage protein nanocage that is assembled from 24 subunits. The hollow cavity of ferritin enables its encapsulation of various therapeutic agents; therefore, ferritin has been intensively investigated for drug delivery. The use of antibody‐ferritin conjugates provides an effective approach for targeted drug delivery. However, the complicated preparation and limited protein stability hamper wide applications of this system. Herein, we designed a novel nanobody‐ferritin platform (Nb‐Ftn) for targeted drug delivery. The site‐specific conjugation between nanobody and ferritin is achieved by transglutaminase‐catalyzed protein ligation. This ligation strategy allows the Nb conjugation after drug loading in ferritin, which avoids deactivation of the nanobody under the harsh pH environment required for drug encapsulation. To verify the tumor targeting of this Nb‐Ftn platform, a photodynamic reagent, manganese phthalocyanine (MnPc), was loaded into the ferritin cavity, and an anti‐EGFR nanobody was conjugated to the surface of the ferritin. The ferritin nanocage can encapsulate about 82 MnPc molecules. This MnPc@Nb‐Ftn conjugate can be efficiently internalized by EGFR positive A431 cancer cells, but not by EGFR negative MCF‐7 cells. Upon 730 nm laser irradiation, MnPc@Nb‐Ftn selectively killed EGFR positive A431 cells by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas no obvious damage was observed on MCF‐7 cells. Given that ferritin can be used for encapsulation of various therapeutic agents, this work provides a strategy for facile construction of nanobody‐ferritin for targeted drug delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although estrogen deficiency has been proposed as a risk factor for oral mucosal inflammatory diseases in post-menopausal women, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 17β-estradiol (E2) on the inflammatory response stimulated by interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in human oral mucosal epithelial cells (hOMECs) and its possible mechanism.Methods: Primary hOMECs were obtained from female infants and cultured in keratinocyte growth medium. The hOMECs at second passage were collected and stimulated by 10-7  mol/L ICI182,780 or 10-7  mol/L G1 for 1 hour, E2 (10-7  mol/L, 10-8  mol/L, 10-9  mol/L) for 36 hour, 100 ng/mL IL-1β for 12 hours, respectively. Human beta-2 defensin (hBD-2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF)-α, IL-6, IL-8, estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα), estrogen receptor-beta (ERβ), and G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) mRNA levels and protein levels were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western Blot (WB), respectively.Results: Expression of hBD-2 and inflammatory cytokines increased after IL-1β stimulation, which was down-regulated by E2 pre-treatment. With ICI182,780, the suppression of E2 on hBD-2 mRNA was attenuated. With G1, the mRNA expression and protein expression of hBD-2 were reduced.Conclusion: Pre-treatment of hOMECs with E2 at physiological concentrations inhibited the IL-1β-induced expression of hBD-2 and inflammatory cytokines. The protective effects of E2 suggest its potential use treating oral inflammatory diseases in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Candida albicans (C albicans) is the most common fungal pathogen causing opportunistic infections. IL17 (IL17A) is a vital mediator of antifungal immunity. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of recombinant human interleukin 17A (rhIL17A) on human oral mucosal epithelial cells (hOMECs) defending against C albicans infection.Methods: Human oral mucosal epithelial cells were divided into four groups: C albicans+ (MOI = 0.1), rhIL17A+ (100 μg/L), rhIL17A + C albicans+ (MOI = 0.1, rhIL17A:100 μg/L) and blank control. Then, C albicans growth was observed after 24 hours. Human beta-2 defensin (hBD-2), S100A8 and LL-37 in supernatants and their mRNAs in cells were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively.Results: In C albicans+ group, C albicans hyphae formation and the death of infected hOMECs were observed. However, in the rhIL17A + C albicans+ group, IL17 inhibited both hypha formation, and C albicans from infecting hOMECs and its further growth. There was no statistical significance in adhesion rates of C albicans to hOMECs. Compared with the control group, the level of hBD-2 mRNA has increased, while hBD-2 and hBD-2 mRNA levels in the rhIL17A + C albicans+ group were the highest. Both hBD-2 and hBD-2 mRNA levels were higher in the rhIL17A+ group than in the C albicans+ group. S100A8 and LL-37 mRNAs have similar trend, and both upregulated after treatment with rhIL17A; however, protein levels were undetectable.Conclusion: Recombinant human interleukin 17A may inhibit C albicans from infecting hOMECs by affecting the growth and reproduction of C albicans as well as the formation of hyphae. Besides, rhIL17A might induce hBD-2, S100A8 and LL-37 secretion from hOMECs to strengthen their anti-infective ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs is a major challenge in the clinical treatment of cancer. Herein, we constructed a multifunctional DNA nanoplatform as a versatile carrier of the highly potent platinum‐based DNA intercalator, 56MESS. In our rational design, 56MESS was efficiently loaded into the double‐bundle DNA tetrahedron through intercalation with the DNA duplex. With the integration of a nanobody that both targets and blocks epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), the DNA nanocarriers exhibit excellent selectivity for cells with elevated EGFR expression (a common biomarker related to tumor formation) and combined tumor therapy without obvious systemic toxicity. This DNA‐based platinum‐drug delivery system provides a promising strategy for the treatment of tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactive signaling molecules participate in varieties of biochemical reactions, and methods to detect their mutual existence and crosstalk are in urgent demand. A benzothiadiazole‐based handle was designed to fluorescently respond to the co‐existence of H2S and H2O2 under pseudo‐physiological conditions on a basis of a thiyl‐radical‐mediated mechanism that accounts for the rapid and efficient domino‐like reaction processes. Then the handle motif was attached to a rhodamine moiety by means of an ethynylene linkage, and achieved a significant H2S–H2O2 mutual response in the mitochondria of living cells. Theoretical calculations supported that a through bond energy transfer mechanism contributes to the drastic fluorescence response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the study was to investigate whether chitosan–citrus essential oil composite works as an efficient preservative in Pacific mackerel (Pneumatophorus japonicus) during chilling storage. FT‐IR analysis showed that chitosan–citrus essential oil coating was successfully prepared. Our results demonstrated that chitosan–citrus essential oil coating possessed significantly higher capability of scavenging reactive oxygen species (O2- and OH−) than chitosan. Furthermore, Pacific mackerel coated with chitosan–citrus essential oil composite could significantly reduce parameters of corruption including physicochemical (drop loss, biogenic amine, and thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances) and microbiological parameters (total viable count), as compared with untreated and chitosan groups after 12 days of storage at −3°C. These results indicated that CS‐CEOs could work as efficient preservative for Pacific mackerel storage through ameliorating redox state and inhibiting microbial growth and suggested that chitosan–citrus essential oil composite has great potential in preservation of aquatic products during superchilled storage. A new kind of bio‐preservative was prepared by the method of physical mixing and was confirmed to be successfully prepared by FT‐IR. The antioxidant and antibacterial properties of chitosan–citrus composite coating were analyzed. The influence of chitosan–citrus composite coating on deducing corruption of Pacific mackerel during superchilled storage was studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of COVID-19 control measures on the morbidity of varicella, herpes zoster, rubella and measles in Guangzhou, China The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have now becoming a worldwide catastrophe, as of September 9, 2020, the conformed COVID-19 cases are 27,486,960, and 894,983 deaths are reported.1 Varicella (chickenpox), rubella and measles are also infectious diseases caused by the respiratory virus. We have noticed that the reported varicella cases, rubella cases, and measles cases in Guangzhou City, China are dramatically decreased during the fight against COVID-19 pandemic. [Extracted from the article]

A dual‐mode open‐loop slotline resonator with a centre‐loaded stub is proposed. The loaded stub is used to excite non‐degenerate modes, that is, the even and odd modes. Distinct characteristics of this dual‐mode resonator are investigated by using even–odd mode analysis. Also, equivalent circuit models for non‐degenerate modes are given to determine the resonance conditions and the location of transmission zero. Then, two novel approaches for designing dual‐mode dual‐band bandpass filters are presented. One approach consists of simple microstrip feedlines and two embedded open‐loop slotline resonators for single substrate configuration. The other is composed by using dual‐mode open‐loop resonators in the form of microstrip and slotline structures on a single substrate. A microstrip invert L‐shape feeding structure is employed to simultaneously feed the microstrip and slotline resonator on different layers for broadside coupling. Both of them provide sufficient degrees of freedom to control the centre frequencies and fractional bandwidths of both passbands independently. The two filters are designed, fabricated and measured. A good agreement between the simulation and measurement verifies the validity of this design methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

l‐carnosine is a bipeptide with varieties of biomedical benefits, but rarely reported as a component in structurally defined polymers due to the unavailability of isolatable monomers. In this report, a simple method to synthesize a carnosine‐derived methacrylamide in three steps is established and a neutral polymer with a narrow molecular weight distribution (Mn 7.6 kDa, Ð 1.2) and high structural regularity is prepared via free radical polymerization, and a carnosine‐pendent cationic homopolymer is finally achieved after trifluoroacetic acid‐mediated deprotection without a concern of impurities such as metals. The antioxidative activity, cytotoxicity, DNA‐binding capability, and gene delivery performance of the cationic polymer are also studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactive signaling molecules participate in varieties of biochemical reactions, and methods to detect their mutual existence and crosstalk are in urgent demand. A benzothiadiazole‐based handle was designed to fluorescently respond to the co‐existence of H2S and H2O2 under pseudo‐physiological conditions on a basis of a thiyl‐radical‐mediated mechanism that accounts for the rapid and efficient domino‐like reaction processes. Then the handle motif was attached to a rhodamine moiety by means of an ethynylene linkage, and achieved a significant H2S–H2O2 mutual response in the mitochondria of living cells. Theoretical calculations supported that a through bond energy transfer mechanism contributes to the drastic fluorescence response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]