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Development of highly efficient and metal‐free photocatalysts for bacterial inactivation under natural light is a major challenge in photocatalytic antibiosis. Herein, we developed an acidizing solvent‐thermal approach for inserting a non‐conjugated ethylenediamine segment into the conjugated planes of 3,4,9,10‐perylene tetracarboxylic anhydride to generate a photocatalyst containing segregated π‐conjugation units (EDA‐PTCDA). Under natural light, EDA‐PTCDA achieved 99.9 % inactivation of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (60 and 45 min), which is the highest efficiency among all the natural light antibacterial reports. The difference in the surface potential and excited charge density corroborated the possibility of a built‐in electron‐trap effect of the non‐conjugated segments of EDA‐PTCDA, thus forming a highly active EDA‐PTDA/bacteria interface. In addition, EDA‐PTCDA exhibited negligible toxicity and damage to normal tissue cells. This catalyst provides a new opportunity for photocatalytic antibiosis under natural light conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of highly efficient and metal‐free photocatalysts for bacterial inactivation under natural light is a major challenge in photocatalytic antibiosis. Herein, we developed an acidizing solvent‐thermal approach for inserting a non‐conjugated ethylenediamine segment into the conjugated planes of 3,4,9,10‐perylene tetracarboxylic anhydride to generate a photocatalyst containing segregated π‐conjugation units (EDA‐PTCDA). Under natural light, EDA‐PTCDA achieved 99.9 % inactivation of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (60 and 45 min), which is the highest efficiency among all the natural light antibacterial reports. The difference in the surface potential and excited charge density corroborated the possibility of a built‐in electron‐trap effect of the non‐conjugated segments of EDA‐PTCDA, thus forming a highly active EDA‐PTDA/bacteria interface. In addition, EDA‐PTCDA exhibited negligible toxicity and damage to normal tissue cells. This catalyst provides a new opportunity for photocatalytic antibiosis under natural light conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this phase I study are to assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PKs) of RO7049389 in healthy Chinese volunteers (HVs) and evaluate potential ethnic differences in the safety and PKs using data from this study and the first‐in‐human study (in which most of the HVs were non‐Asian). HVs randomly received a single dose of 200–600 mg of RO7049389 or a placebo in a single ascending dose (n = 28) or multiple doses of 200–400 mg of RO7049389 or a placebo in multiple ascending doses (n = 24). Safety and tolerability were monitored throughout the study. Serial blood samples were collected for PK analysis. RO7049389 was safe and well‐tolerated in the HVs. The time to maximum concentration ranged from 1.5 to 3.0 h, and terminal half‐life ranged from 3.66 to 14.6 h. A single dose of 200–600 mg and multiple doses of 200–400 mg exhibited nonlinear PKs. In general, the safety profiles were comparable between non‐Asian and Asian HVs, but the plasma exposure of RO7049389 in Chinese HVs was higher than that in non‐Asian HVs. The data generated from this study will provide guidance for future clinical studies on RO7049389 in Chinese/Asian patients with hepatitis B virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distinguished from the former researchers, this article aims at researching the effect of the stator fundamental negative sequence current in turbo‐generators on the electromagnetic torque both from theoretical analysis and finite element simulation. Firstly, based on three sequence component analysis, coordinate system transform and interaction analysis of magneto‐motive force vectors, the concrete expression of direct component of the electromagnetic torque is given, and the concrete expression of second harmonic electromagnetic torque is presented by a new vectorial approach proposed in this article. Further, the impact of the stator fundamental negative sequence current on the electromagnetic torque has been discussed in details by the new approach proposed in this article. In order to prove the correctness of the analytical analysis by the new approach proposed in this article, two turbo‐generators have been taken as examples, and their finite element simulation models have been built up and tested through experimental data. Moreover, the simulation result verifies the effectiveness of the analytical expression and analytic analysis proposed in this article. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate gene quantification depends on the use of an appropriate internal control gene, which should be verified before its use for normalizing data. Housekeeping genes, which are expressed at relatively constant levels, are generally regarded as candidate internal control genes. To determine the ideal internal control for gene expression profiles for Porphyra haitanensis T. J. Chang et B. F. Zheng (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) at different life-history stages, we used absolute quantification to assess the expression levels of six housekeeping genes (18S ribosomal RNA, 30S ribosomal protein, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, elongation factor 3, alpha-tubulin, and beta-tubulin) at the sporophyte and gametophyte stages. Housekeeping genes were selected by comparing the differences of observed copy numbers in sporophytes and in gametophytes. TubB (beta-tubulin) was found to be the optimal internal control gene, because it showed the smallest difference of gene expression. Compared with TubB, other housekeeping genes had greater variation of expression to different degrees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organoids are in vitro 3D models that are generated using stem cells to study organ development and regeneration. Despite the extensive research on lung organoids, there is limited information on pig lung cell generation or development. Here, we identified five epithelial cell types along with their characteristic markers using scRNA‐seq. Additionally, we found that NKX2.1 and FOXA2 acted as the crucial core transcription factors in porcine lung development. The presence of SOX9/SOX2 double‐positive cells was identified as a key marker for lung progenitor cells. The Monocle algorithm was used to create a pseudo‐temporal differentiation trajectory of epithelial cells, leading to the identification of signaling pathways related to porcine lung development. Moreover, we established the differentiation method from porcine pluripotent stem cells (pPSCs) to SOX17+FOXA2+ definitive endoderm (DE) and NKX2.1+FOXA2+CDX2− anterior foregut endoderm (AFE). The AFE is further differentiated into lung organoids while closely monitoring the differentiation process. We showed that NKX2.1 overexpression facilitated the induction of lung organoids and supported subsequent lung differentiation and maturation. This model offers valuable insights into studying the interaction patterns between cells and the signaling pathways during the development of the porcine lung. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porcine embryonic fibroblasts (PEFs) can be directly reprogrammed into porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs). However, the reprogramming process is generally lengthy and inefficient. Here, we established a fast and efficient induction system of piPSCs from porcine Sertoli cells (SCs) via forced expression of pig Yamanaka factors. The alkaline phosphatase (AP)‐positive colonies from SCs developed on Day 3 after lentivirus infection, and were expanded and then picked up on Day 7, whereas reprogramming process from PEFs did not show any colonies in the same period. The picked piPSCs strongly expressed pluripotent genes, had the differentiation capacity to three germ layers, and could be also induced into primordial germ cell‐like cells. Screening for transcription factor combinations showed that POU class 5 homeobox 1 (OCT4) is the core factor for AP‐positive colony formation, and two factors (OCT4 and c‐MYC) could successfully reprogram SCs into piPSCs. We then compared the RNA‐sequencing data of piPSCs derived from SCs and PEFs, and found that the most significant difference was the activation of Transforming Growth Factor β signaling pathway. We also compared the RNA levels of SCs and PEFs, and found that SCs exhibited higher Wnt signaling activity and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 expression than PEFs, which might be correlated with higher cell proliferation rate and reprogramming efficiency. In summary, the data demonstrated that starting cell sources of piPSCs significantly affect reprogramming dynamics and SCs could serve as cell sources for efficient reprogramming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near‐infrared (NIR) light‐driven overall water splitting beyond 800 nm remains a high‐priority target yet great challenge. Here we report that efficient utilization of photogenerated electrons in a photosensitized system prepared by site‐selective photodeposition of platinum single atoms/clusters (Pt‐SACs) on Ni‐phytate (PA‐Ni)‐sensitized polymeric carbon nitride (PCN). The optimal catalyst presents simultaneous hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) evolution with an H2 evolution amount of 1.4 μmol at λ>800 nm for 24 hours, which its activity was approximately 140 times higher than that of a system without Pt‐SAC modification (PA‐Ni1.1@PCN). This work represents the first NIR‐light responsive photosensitized system for overall water splitting, and may open an avenue for precisely manipulating cocatalyst positions at the atomic level to improve NIR‐light‐driven overall water splitting via photosensitization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near‐infrared (NIR) light‐driven overall water splitting beyond 800 nm remains a high‐priority target yet great challenge. Here we report that efficient utilization of photogenerated electrons in a photosensitized system prepared by site‐selective photodeposition of platinum single atoms/clusters (Pt‐SACs) on Ni‐phytate (PA‐Ni)‐sensitized polymeric carbon nitride (PCN). The optimal catalyst presents simultaneous hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) evolution with an H2 evolution amount of 1.4 μmol at λ>800 nm for 24 hours, which its activity was approximately 140 times higher than that of a system without Pt‐SAC modification (PA‐Ni1.1@PCN). This work represents the first NIR‐light responsive photosensitized system for overall water splitting, and may open an avenue for precisely manipulating cocatalyst positions at the atomic level to improve NIR‐light‐driven overall water splitting via photosensitization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inductive coupled power transfer (ICPT) systems are now more desired to provide constant output voltage with the highest efficiency, which will be affected by source (input voltage) and load (load resistance) conditions. To address this issue, an integrated control method is proposed in this study, which is realised by using the active impedance matching technology based on the buck ‐boost circuit on the load side and the robust H∞ control technology on the inverter side. This control scheme allows both two technologies to be applied simultaneously and independently operated. The bilateral inductor ‐capacitor ‐inductor ICPT compensation system is used here to test the proposed method, which is representative, and it is also applicable to other typical compensation topologies and has a certain universality. Finally, an experimental platform is established. Experimental results show that the system can achieve 24 V constant output voltage and 84.53% efficiency tracking under the condition of simultaneous 20% input voltage disturbance and 50% load change, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed integrated control method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve a power supply mode that can load constant current, constant voltage, and high power, there are some problems in capacitive power transfer (CPT) systems such as complicated control structure and poor control effects. To solve these problems, a new CPT system based on the double‐CLC topology is proposed, which can accurately calculate the frequency points of the multiresonance of the system and analyze different output characteristics of each resonance point; Hereby, taking the three‐phase wireless charging as an example, based on the switching of resonance points, a control mode to achieve constant‐current, constant‐voltage, and high‐power output of the system is proposed and studied. While not adding extra auxiliary circuits or increasing controlling complexity, it can meet some power demands of loaded constant current, constant voltage, and high‐power output. First, this article puts forward a new CPT circuit mode based on the double‐CLC topology. Then, through theoretical derivation, its multiresonance characteristics are analyzed; Third, by formula derivation and software simulations, the system power output and the relationship between load and frequency are achieved. Finally, using experimental measures, the operation performance of the CPT system based on the double‐CLC topology, in the case of multiresonance, was verified. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective Oxidative stress has long been recognized to play a role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD); however, approaches for assessing oxidative stress are lacking. The objective of this study was to address the feasibility of measuring 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8- OHdG) formation and human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase ( hOGG1) induction in peripheral blood mononuclear cell ( PBMC) to assess oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) damage in the lung of smoking COPD patients. Methods PBMC were obtained from 412 participants including 129 smokers with COPD, 143 healthy smokers and 140 healthy non-smokers. Lung tissue specimens and PBMC were obtained from smoker COPD ( n = 12), healthy smokers ( n = 12) and healthy non-smokers ( n = 10). 8- OHdG and hOGG1 were detected, and correlation analysis was conducted for assessing the feasibility. Results Oxidative DNA damage (8- OHdG formation) along with impaired induction of hOGG1 expression in the lung was a prominent feature for smokers COPD patients. PBMC originated from smokers COPD patients also displayed similar features to that of lung tissues. Correlation analysis suggests that PBMC could be used as a surrogate for oxidative DNA damage in lung of smokers COPD patients. Indeed, 8- OHdG levels in PBMC DNA were negatively correlated with lung function, while hOGG1 induction in PBMC was associated with improved lung function in smokers COPD patients. Conclusions COPD patients manifest oxidative DNA damage of 8- OHdG along with impaired hOGG1 expression in the lung, whereas 8- OHdG formation and hOGG1 induction in PBMC could be a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage in the lung. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porphyra haitanensis (T. J. Chang & B. F. Zheng) is an important economic alga found off the southern coast of China. It has evolved a strong tolerance against stress, which is an important survival characteristic. Cyclophilin has been shown to be involved in the stress response of plants and algae. To investigate the tolerance against stress in Porphyra, we isolated the cyclophilin Ph CYP18 gene (Accession number ) and measured its expression over different generations and stress conditions. In P. haitanensis, cyclophilin Ph CYP18 accumulated more in the filamentous sporophyte generation than in the blade gametophyte generation. This difference was thought to be due to harsh environments and a gene dosage effect. It has been found, however, that Ph CYP18 expression was dysregulated in blades under high salt stress, strong irradiance stress and multifactorial stress compared to blades under normal conditions. Moreover, the changes were not linearly related to the degree of stress. It was therefore thought that Ph CYP18 actively responded to stress situations and induced strong stress tolerance, which is evident in P. haitanensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycrystalline LnPbMgSbO6 (Ln: La, Pr, Nd) are prepared by a two-step method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The compounds SrLaCu0.5Ru0.5O4 (I) and Sr1.5La0.5Cu0.5Ru0.5O4 (II) are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of SrCO3, La2O3, RuO2, and CuO (1173-1673 K, 12-36 h) and characterized by powder XRD, XPS, magnetic susceptibility, and electrical resistivity measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]