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Introduction: Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a heterogeneous group of inflammatory central nervous system disorders caused by a misdirected immune response against self‐antigens expressed in the central nervous system. The thymus is a central organ in the immune system and thymic tumors are thought to be possible initiators of many neurological disorders. Recently, there is growing evidence that thymomas are associated with autoimmune encephalitis. Aims: Our study initially explored the characteristics of patients with autoimmune encephalitis combined with thymoma. Methods: We used patient data from January 1, 2011 to October 1, 2021 from the PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, and CNKI platforms to analyze overall demographics, frequency of symptoms and associations, and treatment prognosis outcomes. Results: A total of 68 patients were included. There were 39 female cases (57.4%). The mean age was 50 years (IQR 40–66 years). All had acute and subacute onset. The clinical manifestations were mostly cognitive changes (70.6%), mental disorders (57.4%), and epilepsy (50.0%). The most common neuronal antibody was alpha‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities were present in 81.0% of patients, mostly in the hippocampus, temporal lobe, and some in cortical and subcortical areas. Abnormalities in the electroencephalogram (EEG) in 69.8% of patients. Treatment involved immunotherapy and thymoma treatment, with 79.7% of patients improving after treatment. While 20.3% of patients had a poor prognosis. Further, 14.8% of patients relapsed. Mental disorders, autonomic dysfunction, sleep disturbances, anti‐Ma2, and thymoma untreated were more frequent in patients with poor prognosis. Conclusion: Thymoma‐associated autoimmune encephalitis is a unique disease entity. Long‐term follow‐up of chest CT findings is recommended for patients with autoimmune encephalitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This work sought to evaluate the correlation between the five domains of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Questionnaire (PCOSQ) and anxiety and depression scales and the clinical phenotype and fertility outcomes in infertile polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients and to determine the effect of quality of life (QOL) on the clinical, biochemical and fertility disorders in these patients. Methods: The data in this study came from a large‐scale hospital‐based cohort survey of infertile PCOS patients across mainland China. A total of 1000 infertile PCOS subjects diagnosed according to the modified Rotterdam criteria ranging in age from 20 to 40 years in 21 sub‐centers (27 hospitals) were enrolled. Baseline anthropometric parameters, endocrine indexes, metabolic panel, QOL questionnaires and the fertility outcomes of ovulation, conception, pregnancy, pregnancy loss and live birth were collected. Results: PCOSQ scores were significantly correlated with most of the baseline parameters. PCOSQ‐weight domain scores of National Institute of Health‐PCOS group were significantly lower compared with non‐National Institute of Health‐PCOS group. The five domains scores of PCOSQ were significantly negatively correlated with the body mass index levels of PCOS patients. The serum testosterone levels (total testosterone, free testosterone and free androgen index) were significantly negatively correlated to the scores for the weight, body hair, infertility and emotion domains of PCOSQ. Scores on the anxiety and depression scales were significantly and positively correlated with luteinizing hormone, luteinizing hormone/follicle‐stimulating hormone levels. In the low‐score group of infertility domain, the rates of conception, pregnancy and live birth decreased significantly. Conclusions: QOL appears to have an impact on the physical symptoms of PCOS, and the emotional stress of infertility affects fertility outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance (IR) on reproductive and metabolic disorders and fertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Design, Setting, Participants and Measurements: This was a multicenter, randomized controlled trial involving a total of 1000 women diagnosed with PCOS according to the modified Rotterdam criteria at 21 sites (27 hospitals). We evaluated the effects of serum insulin levels and HOMA‐IR on parameters and outcomes. The main outcome measures were anthropometric, biometric and ultrasound parameters at baseline and the clinical outcomes of ovulation, conception, pregnancy, live birth and pregnancy loss. Results: The relevant analysis between hyperinsulinaemia and IR and clinical characteristics showed that weight, waist and hip circumference, BMI, waist‐to‐hip ratio, acanthosis nigricans score and menstrual period were significantly correlated with fasting insulin (FIN) and HOMA‐IR. There was no significant correlation between the hirsutism score or acne score with FIN or HOMA‐IR. The relevant analysis between hyperinsulinaemia and IR and circulating sex steroids and gonadotrophins showed that FAI was significantly correlated with FIN and HOMA‐IR (r = 0.240, P < 0.001 and r = 0.191, P < 0.001, respectively). Free testosterone was significantly correlated with FIN after adjusting for the influence of age. LH and LH/FSH were not related to FIN or HOMA‐IR after statistical correction for differences in BMI. The relevant analysis between hyperinsulinaemia and IR and metabolic profile showed that FIN and HOMA‐IR were positively associated with fasting glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein, Apo B, and the incidence of metabolic syndrome and were negatively associated with high‐density lipoprotein. The predictive analysis between hyperinsulinaemia and IR with fertility showed that the levels of FIN and HOMA‐IR were related to the fertility outcome (ovulation, pregnancy, conception or live birth) in patients with PCOS. After adjustments for age, total testosterone and free testosterone, increasing serum insulin levels and HOMA‐IR were significantly associated with decreased cycle ovulation, conception, pregnancy and live birth rates. Conclusions: Hyperinsulinaemia and IR are associated with reproductive and metabolic disorders and can predict the fertility outcomes in PCOS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the Changji-Guquan ± 1100 kV ultra-high voltage direct current (UHVDC) system has been established by PSCAD software, especially for the arc of the circuit breakers. The AC filter groups and the control strategy have been analysed based on the reactive power demand of this system, AC system voltage amplitude, and harmonic limit. This article mainly studies inrush currents and overvoltage, especially recovery voltage caused by switching circuit breaker of AC filter in the different working conditions. Simulation results show that the currents through circuit breakers are capacitive and contain a variety of harmonics. There will be a high inrush current when a circuit breaker of AC filter is closing, which can be suppressed by phase selection switch device and appropriate closing resistance. A higher DC transmission power and a less short circuit both make the recovery voltage of circuit breakers higher when the AC filters are removed. The maximum transient recovery voltage of circuit breakers of AC filters can be suppressed by adding the parallel opening resistors. In a certain range, higher resistance of opening resistor makes a better suppression effect on recovery voltage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]