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Despite significant progress in therapy, there remains a lack of substantial evidence regarding the molecular factors that lead to renal fibrosis. Neuraminidase 4 (NEU4), an enzyme that removes sialic acids from glycoconjugates, has an unclear role in chronic progressive fibrosis. Here, this study finds that NEU4 expression is markedly upregulated in mouse fibrotic kidneys induced by folic acid or unilateral ureter obstruction, and this elevation is observed in patients with renal fibrosis. NEU4 knockdown specifically in the kidney attenuates the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition, reduces the production of pro‐fibrotic cytokines, and decreases cellular senescence in male mice. Conversely, NEU4 overexpression exacerbates the progression of renal fibrosis. Mechanistically, NEU4254‐388aa interacts with Yes‐associated protein (YAP) at WW2 domain (231‐263aa), promoting its nucleus translocation and activation of target genes, thereby contributing to renal fibrosis. 3,5,6,7,8,3ʹ,4ʹ‐Heptamethoxyflavone, a natural compound, is identified as a novel NEU4 inhibitor, effectively protecting mice from renal fibrosis in a NEU4‐dependent manner. Collectively, the findings suggest that NEU4 may represent a promising therapeutic target for kidney fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chirality and luminescence are important for both chemistry and biology, which are highly influenced by aggregation. In this work, a pair of metalated tetraphenylethylene(TPE)‐based organic cage enantiomers are reported, which feature a quadrangular prismatic cage structure. These homochiral cages exhibit concentration‐dependent chiral behaviors alongside a propensity for thermodynamic aggregation. Aggregation caused quench effect is found for these cages accompanying the increasing of the concentrations. When a poor solvent is added to produce a kinetical aggregation, the aggregation‐annihilation circular dichroism and aggregation‐induced emission behaviors are observed for these enantiomeric cages. By comparing these observations with the photophysical behaviors of a pair of structurally similar organic molecular enantiomers, the unique photophysical properties observed are intricately linked to the metal‐integrated TPE‐functionalized cage structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gallium‐based liquid metal (LM) is widely used in flexible electronics, optics, and green synthesis due to its excellent conductivity, flexibility, and self‐healing capabilities. However, LM's inherent fluidity and high surface tension greatly limit their practical applications. Therefore, there is a strong demand for developing LM composites that are easy to control and exhibit outstanding performance when used flexibly. In this work, the LM hydrothermal rheological modification method is proposed to synthesize Ga‐coated carbon microparticles, and the highly miscible rheological modification of LM is realized by mixing LM and Ga‐coated carbon microparticles. Including carbon microparticles in the LM improves the mechanical strength of the composite, thereby overcoming the limitation of the LM that has a low mechanical strength. By controlling the volume fraction of carbon microparticles in LM, electrical conductivity is increased by 30% and thermal conductivity by more than 2.0 times that of pure LM. In addition, the fundamental interfacial wetting behavior is demonstrated at the interface of LM and Ga2O3, and the rheological modification mechanism of LM is explained by carbon particles. This work presents a novel method for preparing high‐performance polymer materials and discusses their broad potential applications in thermal interface materials, wireless energy transfer, and flexible electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fatty acyl‐CoA reductase (FAR) is one of the key enzymes, which catalyses the conversion of fatty acyl‐CoA to the corresponding alcohols. Among the FAR family members in the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), NlFAR7 plays a pivotal role in both the synthesis of cuticular hydrocarbons and the waterproofing of the cuticle. However, the precise mechanism by which NlFAR7 influences the formation of the cuticle structure in N. lugens remains unclear. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the impact of NlFAR7 through RNA interference, transmission electron microscope, focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB‐SEM) and lipidomics analysis. FIB‐SEM is employed to reconstruct the three‐dimensional (3D) architecture of the pore canals and related cuticle structures in N. lugens subjected to dsNlFAR7 and dsGFP treatments, enabling a comprehensive assessment of changes in the cuticle structures. The results reveal a reduction in the thickness of the cuticle and disruptions in the spiral structure of pore canals, accompanied by widened base and middle diameters. Furthermore, the lipidomics comparison analysis between dsNlFAR7‐ and dsGFP‐treated N. lugens demonstrated that there were 25 metabolites involved in cuticular lipid layer synthesis, including 7 triacylglycerols (TGs), 5 phosphatidylcholines (PCs), 3 phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) and 2 diacylglycerols (DGs) decreased, and 4 triacylglycerols (TGs) and 4 PEs increased. In conclusion, silencing NlFAR7 disrupts the synthesis of overall lipids and destroys the cuticular pore canals and related structures, thereby disrupting the secretion of cuticular lipids, thus affecting the cuticular waterproofing of N. lugens. These findings give significant attention with reference to further biochemical researches on the substrate specificity of FAR protein, and the molecular regulation mechanisms during N. lugens life cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sleep deprivation (SD) has been associated with a plethora of severe pathophysiological syndromes, including gut damage, which recently has been elucidated as an outcome of the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the spatiotemporal analysis conducted in this study has intriguingly shown that specific events cause harmful damage to the gut, particularly to goblet cells, before the accumulation of lethal ROS. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses have identified significant enrichment of metabolites related to ferroptosis in mice suffering from SD. Further analysis revealed that melatonin could rescue the ferroptotic damage in mice by suppressing lipid peroxidation associated with ALOX15 signaling. ALOX15 knockout protected the mice from the serious damage caused by SD‐associated ferroptosis. These findings suggest that melatonin and ferroptosis could be targets to prevent devastating gut damage in animals exposed to SD. To sum up, this study is the first report that proposes a noncanonical modulation in SD‐induced gut damage via ferroptosis with a clearly elucidated mechanism and highlights the active role of melatonin as a potential target to maximally sustain the state during SD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Reproductive diapause serves as a valuable strategy enabling insects to survive unfavorable seasonal conditions. However, forcing insects into diapause when the environment is conducive to their well‐being can cause them to miss out on seasonal opportunities for reproduction. This outcome not only reduces insect populations but also minimizes crop losses caused by insect feeding. Therefore, altering the timing of diapause initiation presents a potential strategy for managing pests. In this study, we examined the possible role of the Insulin Receptor 1 (InR1) in controlling reproductive diapause entry in the male cabbage beetle, Colaphellus bowringi. RESULTS: Compared to short‐day (SD) conditions, long‐day (LD) conditions led to reproductive diapause of C. bowringi males, characterized by arrested gonad development, increased Triglyceride (TG) accumulation, and upregulated expression of diapause protein 1 and genes associated with lipogenesis and stress tolerance. Upon employing RNA interference to knock down InR1 under SD conditions, males destined for reproduction were compelled into diapause, evidenced by arrested gonadal development, accumulation of TG, and elevated expression of diapause‐related genes. Intriguingly, despite the common association of the absence of juvenile hormone (JH) with reproductive diapause in females, the knockdown of InR1 in males did not significant affect the expression of JH biosynthesis and JH response gene. CONCLUSION: The study highlight InR1 is a key factor involved in regulating male reproductive diapause in C. bowringi. Consequently, targeting insulin signaling could be a viable approach to perturb diapause timing, offering a promising strategy for managing pests with reproductive diapause capabilities. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel full state‐constrained integrated guidance and control (IGC) schema for aerial interceptors under input saturation with tunnel‐prescribed performance is proposed. To achieve an appointed‐time engagement with less overshoot phenomenon, the tunnel‐prescribed performance control (TPPC) technique is applied to generate virtual guidance laws, where the tracking of desired line of sight (LOS) angles possesses predefined‐time convergent property. For the sake of the flight safety of interceptors in a practical flight environment, the physical limitations on the flight angles and the angular rates of attitude systems are taken into consideration. The integral barrier Lyapunov function (iBLF) technique is adopted to ensure all the attitude states within a user‐defined domain. The nominal virtual commands are generated adaptively by the backstepping method combined with some novel dynamic surfaces. To further eliminate the possible input saturation, a novel one‐order auxiliary system is constructed to compensate for the discrepancy of the virtual input commands. All the signals in the closed‐loop system are strictly proven to be bounded by Lyapunov theory. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed IGC schema by comparison with other IGC laws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The late‐stage union of Pangea was associated with the convergence of Siberia with Laurussia, but the exact timing remains unclear. The orogenic duration of the Kazakhstan block can provide geochronological constraints as it connects Siberia, Baltica, and Tarim. Zircon petrochronology offers a reliable approach for ascertaining the lifespan of an ancient orogen. In this study, we explore three phases of magmatism recorded in detrital zircons from late Paleozoic and Mesozoic sandstone‐siltstones in Western Tianshan, that is, 400–470 Ma, 320–380 Ma, and 280–320 Ma. Based on their age‐propagated Hf isotopes, melt SiO2 contents, and crustal thicknesses, our findings suggest that the southern limb of Kazakhstan underwent the early Paleozoic amalgamation of microcontinents with arcs, the late Paleozoic maturation of an Andean‐like continental arc, and the late Carboniferous collision of Kazakhstan with the Junggar oceanic basin and the Tarim craton. Such characteristics manifest the long‐term orogenic progression of Kazakhstan. Combining published timelines and paleolatitudes of major orogens and blocks, we propose that the Kazakhstan block welded northeastern Pangea along with the cessation of these orogenic activities around it. Consequently, by docking Kazakhstan with surrounding cratons, the fundamental configuration of Pangea could have been established in the late Carboniferous. Plain Language Summary: Pangea was suggested to have assembled at ca. 250 Ma upon paleogeographic reconstructions. However, the assembling time remains a matter of debate due to low‐quality Permo‐Carboniferous paleomagnetic data on the northeast of Pangea; thus, other geochronological records need to be determined. Here, we employ the method of zircon petrochronology to trace the orogenic processes of Kazakhstan because it serves as a pivot in welding peripheral Siberia, Baltica, and Tarim blocks. Our results demonstrate that episodic variations in melt compositions, crustal thicknesses, and Hf isotopes reveal the long‐lived orogenic progression of the southern limb of Kazakhstan and constrain its incorporation into Pangea to the late Carboniferous. Such an event was almost contemporaneous with the assembly of Baltica and Siberia with the northern limb of Kazakhstan but occurred slightly later than the collision of Laurussia with Gondwana. As such, the fundamental configuration of Pangea could have been established in the late Carboniferous rather than the Permian, as previous paleogeographic reconstructions postulated. Key Points: Detrital zircons in Western Tianshan record three phases of Paleozoic magmatismZircon petrochronology can trace orogenic processes of the southern limb of KazakhstanDocking Kazakhstan with surrounding cratons in the late Carboniferous marked the major assembly of the northeastern Pangea [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of various topological semimetal states presents a novel opportunity for enhancing the efficiency of thermoelectric transport. This study introduces a recipe to improve the thermoelectric (TE) performance in topological materials containing single‐pair Weyl points (SP WPs) fermions and phonons. The recipe focuses on two key factors contributing to the enhancement of TE performance: the increase in the density of states to achieve a high power factor, and the introduction of additional phonon scattering to reduce the lattice thermal conductivity. The proposed recipe is confirmed in a half‐metallic SP WPs material BaNiIO6 through first‐principles methods. An enhanced density of states arises near the energy of the SP WPs in BaNiIO6, leading to a peak power factor connected to the complex Fermi surface due to the degeneracy of Weyl pockets in energy. Furthermore, it is shown that the SP WPs phonons in BaNiIO6 possess a high scattering rate and can likely contribute to the low lattice thermal conductivity, especially when two crossing points in SP WPs do not degenerate in frequency. The new recipe can be used for discovering high‐performance thermoelectric materials in the future by utilizing the transport advantages of degenerate‐in‐energy SP WPs fermions and non‐degenerate‐in‐frequency SP WPs phonons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the color difference phase separation (CDPS) approach is proposed to segment the solid and pore phases. Pore‐scale variables are defined to describe the microstructural characteristics. Novel relations to quickly determine the deformation moduli and thermal conductivity are established. Digital–virtual modeling to investigate the mechanical and thermal properties is addressed. The correlation between pore‐scale variables and the mechanical and thermal properties is investigated. Results show that the calculated shear and Young's moduli decrease and the computed Poisson's ratio increases as porosity increases. The deformation moduli and thermal conductivity increase with increasing pore radius for different types of rocks. Excellent consistencies are found between the digital–virtual and realistic experimental results. The proposed method provides useful tools to fast and accurately determine the deformation moduli and thermal conductivity, which is helpful for the underground space and deep energy resource explorations. Highlights: Multiphase structure is segmented without overestimation or underestimation.Micro‐deformation moduli and thermal conductivity of rocks are fast determined.Thermo‐mechanical properties are effectively validated in microstructures of rocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to assess the clinical effectiveness of combining mindfulness‐based stress reduction (MBSR) with exercise intervention in improving anxiety, depression, sleep quality and mood regulation in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: A total of 60 patients with NSCLC who had not received surgical treatment were selected using convenience sampling and divided into an intervention group and control group, with 30 patients in each group. The control group received conventional psychological nursing care, whereas the intervention group received a combination of MBwSR and exercise therapy. Before the intervention, a questionnaire was completed to collect the basic data of the two groups. Further questionnaires were administered at 6 and 8 weeks after treatment to assess anxiety, depression, sleep quality and other items included in the five‐item Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS‐5). Results: No significant differences between the intervention and control groups were identified in terms of personal and clinical characteristics (p > 0.05). No significant differences were determined in the BSRS‐5, Self‐Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self‐Rating Depression Scale (SDS) or Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores between the intervention and control groups before the intervention. However, 6 and 8 weeks after the intervention, scores were significantly lower in both groups (p < 0.001). Significant differences in the BSRS‐5, SAS, SDS and PSQI scores were identified between the two groups at different time points (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The combination of MBSR and exercise intervention demonstrated improvements in anxiety, depression, sleep quality and BSRS‐5 scores in patients with NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strain measurement is crucial for the safety and stability of engineering activities. With the increasing demand for sensors and large strain measurement in engineering monitoring, the study on the large strain measurement is deepening. However, the conventional strain sensors based on rigid conductive materials have limited flexibility and low stretchability, and the research of large strain and flexible sensors in engineering still lacks. In this work, a highly stretchable and sensitive flexible strain sensor based on liquid metal‐Nickle microparticles (LMN) composite is developed to detect large strain. The LMN composite, featuring uniformly dispersed Nickle microparticles within the liquid metal matrix, is deposited onto the elastomer Ecoflex base material.The LMN composite based‐sensor exhibits high sensitivity (GF = 16.14644 at strain of 200%), large stretchability (up to 200%) and low hysteresis. The theoretical relationship between the relative resistance changes and strain is derived, and the theoretical derivation is compared with experimental data to verify the accuracy of theoretical derivation. Additionally, the LMN composite based‐sensors can be used to detect pressure and bending signals in engineering. This work highlights the potential of LMN composite in broad applications and can facilitate the application of flexible sensing devices in engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella, is a destructive pest of maize, wheat, and rice, causing economic losses and threatening food security. This study aimed to develop and characterize microcapsules of mesoporous silica nanospheres (MSN) and cyclodextrin‐modified mesoporous silica nanospheres (CDMSN) containing two aldehydes, nonanal and decanal, found in plant essential oils, to assess their attractiveness to S. cerealella populations. RESULTS: Microcapsules with 2:1 ratio of nonanal and decanal exhibited an average encapsulation efficiency of 39.82% for MSN loaded with nonanal and decanal (MSN‐ND) and 46.10% for CDMSN loaded with nonanal and decanal (CDMSN‐ND). They have an elliptical shape with particle sizes of 115 nm for MSN and 175 nm for CDMSN. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis revealed in vitro release of nonanal in MSN at 96.24% and decanal at 96.42% by the 36th day. CDMSN showed releases of 93.83% for nonanal and 93.74% for decanal by the 50th day. CDMSN‐ND attracted adult S. cerealella for 43 days, while MSN‐ND remained effective for 29 days. In mass trapping assays in simulated grain warehouse, both MSN‐ND and CDMSN‐ND trapped over 50% of the adult population within 7 days, significantly reducing grain infestation rates below 10% by inhibiting F1 adult emergence. At temperatures ranging from 20 °C to 35 °C, both microcapsules exhibited significant and effective attraction rates for S. cerealella. Stored wheat seeds treated with CDMSN and CDMSN‐ND over 1 year showed no significant differences in key germination parameters. CONCLUSION: Microencapsulated nonanal and decanal offer a promising, sustainable approach for controlling S. cerealella infestation in stored grains, contributing to global food security. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post‐synthetic modification plays a crucial role in precisely adjusting the structure and functions of advanced materials. Herein, we report the self‐assembly of a tubular heterometallic Pd3Cu6L16 capsule that incorporates Pd(II) and CuL1 metalloligands. This capsule undergoes further modification with two tridentate anionic ligands (L2) to afford a bicapped Pd3Cu6L16L22 capsule with an Edshammer polyhedral structure. By employing transition metal ions, acid, and oxidation agents, the bicapped capsule can be converted into an uncapped one. This uncapped form can then revert back to the bicapped structure on the addition of Br− ions and a base. Interestingly, introducing Ag+ ions leads to the removal of one L2 ligand from the bicapped capsule, yielding a mono‐capped Pd3Cu6L16L2 structure. Furthermore, the size of the anions critically influences the precise control over the post‐synthetic modifications of the capsules. It was demonstrated that these capsules selectively encapsulate tetrahedral anions, offering a novel approach for the design of intelligent molecular delivery systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of our study were to examine whether initial or subsequent adiposity status had a greater effect on hypertension. We collected data in 1992 and again in 2007 from the same group of 597 individuals in the middle age. The subjects were classified into four groups: individuals with a normal body mass index (BMI) in 1992 and 2007 were in Group I; those with a normal BMI in 1992, but became overweight or obese in 2007 were in Group II; those who were overweight or obese in 1992, but had a normal BMI in 2007 were in Group III; and those who were overweight or obese in 1992 and 2007 were in Group IV. Their demographic data were recorded. The relationship between adiposity status and hypertension was analyzed using logistic regression model. The cumulative incidence of hypertension was 35.5%, 56.3%, 50.0%, and 65.1% for Group I to IV, respectively. Compared with Group I, after adjusted factors, the hazard ratio (HR) was 1.80 for Group II (P =.001), 1.40 for Group III (P =.150), and 2.31 for Group IV (P <.001). Adiposity status in 2007 could predict hypertension (OR = 2.5, P <.001), as opposed to the initial adiposity status (P =.148). Subsequently adiposity status could have major effects on hypertension. Our society is very short of public health resources, particularly in developing countries, we should pay more attention to current adiposity status and encourage middle‐aged people to lose weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilization of faeces has long been a popular approach for genetic and ecological studies of wildlife. However, the success of molecular marker genotyping and genome resequencing is often unpredictable due to insufficient enrichment of endogenous DNA in the total faecal DNA that is dominated by bacterial DNA. Here, we report a simple and cheap method named PEERS to predominantly lyse animal cells over bacteria by using sodium dodecyl sulphate so as to discharge endogenous DNA into liquid phase before bacterial DNA. By brief centrifugation, total DNA with enriched endogenous fraction can be extracted from the supernatant using routine methods. Our assessments showed that the endogenous DNA extracted by PEERS was significantly enriched for various types of faeces from different species, preservation time and conditions. It significantly improves the genotyping correctness and efficiency of genome resequencing with the total additional cost of $ 0.1 and a short incubation step to treat a faecal sample. We also provide methods to assess the enrichment efficiency of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA and models to predict the usability of faecal DNA for genotyping of short tandem repeat, single‐nucleotide polymorphism and whole‐genome resequencing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Species diversity can be underestimated due to a lack of regional studies and limitations in research methods. China is widely recognized as one of the primary hotspots for the biodiversity of freshwater mussels as it harbours a wealth of endemic species. Pseudocuneopsis was recently established to belong to the Unioninae subfamily within Unionidae and is endemic to China. Recent research has expanded the diversity and range of distribution of this genus. However, sufficient data is required to precisely determine the phylogenetic relationships within Pseudocuneopsis. This study conducted an integrative taxonomy using morphological, COI barcode, and complete maternal mitogenome data to clarify the taxonomy of Pseudocuneopsis. Both morphological and COI barcode data supported the validity of all Pseudocuneopsis species. Furthermore, a new species, Pseudocuneopsis yemaoi sp. n. was described from a tributary of the Man River in Hubei, China. Mitochondrial phylogenomic analyses showed that P. yemaoi was closely related to P. sichuanensis and resolved phylogenetic relationship as (P. capitata + (P. yangshuoensis + (P. sichuanensis + P. yemaoi))). Our results highlight the significance of utilizing integrative classification methods. Moreover, we propose enhancing the research and preservation measures of minor streams in China, as these streams may house distinctive species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The forthcoming wireless networks must integrate to a high density of end-user devices while ensuring a superior quality of service. It is imperative to devise solutions that reduce the density of wireless access points and associated costs, while simultaneously ensuring security and privacy throughout propagation. Herein, a novel dual-band photodetector with high selective responsivities in distinct visible and near-infrared (NIR) band is developed as an optical signal receiver. The receiver has an unprecedented fast switch speed > 500 kHz between different operation modes. Leveraging this fast switch speed, a high-speed Multiple-Input-Single-Output (MISO) system is developed, fusing spectrum resources from visible to infrared bands. The system achieves a data rate of 600 Kbps in the visible channel and 500 Kbps in the NIR channel, with a sum rate of 1.1 Mbps. This is the highest single-channel data rate and sum rate among reported dual-band photodetectors. Additionally, two previously overlooked mechanisms, the Subtraction and Addition modes, are studied in detail. The four operation modes are developed to establish a novel physical encryption method in terms of arithmetic relation. The dual-channel coupled link can support a data rate of 200 Kbps, significantly enhancing communication security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal‐organic cages (MOCs) are supramolecular coordination complexes that have internal cavities for hosting guest molecules and exhibiting various properties. However, the functions of MOCs are limited by the choice of the building blocks. Post‐synthetic modification (PSM) is a technique that can introduce new functional groups and replace existing ones on the MOCs without changing their geometry. Among many PSM methods, covalent PSM is a promising approach to modify MOCs with tailored structures and functions. Covalent PSM can be applied to either the internal cavity or the external surface of the MOCs, depending on the functionality expected to be customized. However, there are still some challenges and limitations in the field of covalent PSM of MOCs, such as the balance between the stability of MOCs and the harshness of organic reactions involved in covalent PSMs. This concept article introduces the organic reaction types involved in covalent PSM of MOCs, their new applications after modification, and summarizes and provides an outlook of this research field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facing high overpotential, severe Li corrosion and degradation of electrolytes caused by the reactive oxygen species, the development of lithium–oxygen batteries is seriously limited. Although the iodine species have been considered to be effective redox mediators (RMs) for lowering the charging overpotential, the shuttling of oxidized I3− may attack the Li metal anode, compromising the number of RMs, cycling stability and energy efficiency. Here the intend to introduce 3‐Iodooxetane (C3H5OI, IOD) into TEGDME‐based electrolyte to form a protective SEI layer on the Li surface for defending against the attack of I3−. However, the iodine in IOD is found difficult to dissociate. To solve this problem, hard Lewis acid, aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) is proposed as the catalytic agent for dissociating the I− and triggering the ring‐opening reaction of the detached C3H5O+ ions. The former can dissociate redox couple I3−/I− while the latter can form oligomers or polymers under the attack of a nucleophile. Meanwhile, AlCl3 can form Al2O3 and LiCl inorganic species. Taking together, the introduction of IOD and AlCl3 into electrolytes can effectively derive reduced overpotential and in situ SEI layers consisting of flexible organics and rigid inorganics, endowing lithium–oxygen batteries over 150 cycles with significantly enhanced stability and lifespan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hollow nanoporous carbon architectures (HNCs) present significant utilitarian value for a wide variety of applications. Facile and efficient preparation of HNCs has long been pursued but still remains challenging. Herein, we for the first time demonstrate that single‐component metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) crystals, rather than the widely reported hybrid ones which necessitate tedious operations for preparation, could enable the facile and versatile syntheses of functional HNCs. By controlling the growth kinetics, the MOFs crystals (STU‐1) are readily engineered into different shapes with designated styles of crystalline inhomogeneity. A subsequent one‐step pyrolysis of these MOFs with intraparticle difference can induce a simultaneous self‐hollowing and carbonization process, thereby producing various functional HNCs including yolk‐shell polyhedrons, hollow microspheres, mesoporous architectures, and superstructures. Superior to the existing methods, this synthetic strategy relies only on the complex nature of single‐component MOFs crystals without involving tedious operations like coating, etching, or ligand exchange, making it convenient, efficient, and easy to scale up. An ultra‐stable Na‐ion battery anode is demonstrated by the HNCs with extraordinary cyclability (93 % capacity retention over 8000 cycles), highlighting a high level of functionality of the HNCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis represents a dominant woody lineage in East Asian evergreen broadleaved forests. Regardless of its ecological and economic importance, little is known about the genomes of species in this unique oak lineage. Quercus glauca is one of the most widespread tree species in the section Cyclobalanopsis. In this study, a high‐quality haplotype‐resolved reference genome was assembled for Q. glauca from PacBio HiFi and Hi‐C reads. The genome size, contig N50, and scaffold N50 measured 902.88, 7.60, and 69.28 Mb, respectively, for haplotype1, and 913.28, 7.20, and 71.53 Mb, respectively, for haplotype2. A total of 37,457 and 38,311 protein‐coding genes were predicted in haplotype1 and haplotype2, respectively. Homologous chromosomes in the Q. glauca genome had excellent gene pair collinearity. The number of R‐genes in Q. glauca was similar to most East Asian oaks but less than oak species from Europe and America. Abundant structural variation in the Q. glauca genome could contribute to environmental stress tolerance in Q. glauca. Sections Cyclobalanopsis and Cerris diverged in the Oligocene, in agreement with fossil records for section Cyclobalanopsis, which document its presence in East Asia since the early Miocene. The demographic dynamics of closely related oak species were largely similar. The high‐quality reference genome provided here for the most widespread species in section Cyclobalanopsis will serve as an essential genomic resource for evolutionary studies of key oak lineages while also supporting studies of interspecific introgression, local adaptation, and speciation in oaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic hepatic diseases often involve fibrosis as a pivotal factor in their progression. This study investigates the regulatory mechanisms of Yin Yang 1 (YY1) in hepatic fibrosis. Our data reveal that YY1 binds to the prolyl hydroxylase domain 1 (PHD1) promoter. Rats treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) display heightened fibrosis in liver tissues, accompanied by increased levels of YY1, PHD1, and the fibrosis marker alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA). Elevated levels of YY1, PHD1, and α‐SMA are observed in the liver tissues of CCl4‐treated rats, primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) isolated from fibrotic liver tissues, and transforming growth factor beta‐1 (TGF‐β1)‐induced HSCs. The human HSC cell line LX‐2, upon YY1 overexpression, exhibits enhanced TGF‐β1‐induced activation, leading to increased expression of extracellular matrix (ECM)‐related proteins and inflammatory cytokines. YY1 silencing produces the opposite effect. YY1 exerts a positive regulatory effect on the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway and PHD1 expression. PHD1 silencing rescues the promotion of YY1 in cell activation, ECM‐related protein expression, and inflammatory cytokine production in TGF‐β1‐treated LX‐2 cells. Overall, our findings propose a model wherein YY1 facilitates TGF‐β1‐induced HSC activation, ECM‐related protein expression, and inflammatory cytokine production by promoting PHD1 expression and activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This study positions YY1 as a promising therapeutic target for hepatic fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Migration is a strategy that shifts insects to more favorable habitats in response to deteriorating local environmental conditions. The ecological factors that govern insect migration are poorly understood for many species. Plutella xylostella causes great losses in Brassica vegetable and oilseed crops, and undergoes mass migration. However, the physiological and behavioral basis for distinguishing migratory individuals and the factors driving its migration remain unclear. RESULTS: Daily light trap catches conducted from April to July in a field population of P. xylostella in central China revealed a sharp decline in abundance from late‐May. Analysis of ovarian development levels showed that the proportion of sexually immature females gradually increased, while the mating rate decreased, indicating that generations occurring in May mainly resulted from local breeding and that emigration began in late‐May. Physiological and behavioral analyses revealed that emigrant populations had a higher take‐off proportion, stronger flight capacity and greater energy reserves of triglyceride compared to residents. Furthermore, a gradual increase in temperature from 24 °C to >30 °C during larval development resulted in a significant delay in oogenesis and increased take‐off propensity of adults compared with the control treatment reared at a constant temperature of 24 °C. CONCLUSION: Our results provide the physiological and behavioral factors that underpin mass migration in P. xylostella, and demonstrate that exposure to increased temperature increases their migration propensity at the cost of reproductive output. This study sheds light on understanding the factors that influence population dynamics, migratory propensity and reproductive tradeoffs in migratory insects. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the effect of online community's recognition on continued participation in idea competitions, and how personal winning record moderates such an influence. We reason that the motivating role of community recognition might either be reinforced or substituted by personal winning record, depending upon whether relational motives (psychological and social bonding) or individualistic motives (personal benefits, such as status and career enhancement) are the primary behavior driver. Through an event history analysis of data obtained from a platform of creative design contests, we find that although community recognition exerts a positive effect on the rate of continued participation for designers who are yet to win any competitions, this effect increasingly turns negative for designers who have won. Such findings indicate that the motivating role of community recognition might be substituted instead of reinforced by personal winning record, lending support to the individualistic view while rejecting the relational view. Although virtual social spaces represent an important means for modern competition platforms to attract and motivate participants, our study informs practitioners about online community's limitation in retaining "star" participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to address the issue of minor fault detection in nonlinear dynamic processes, this paper proposes a fault detection method based on generalized non‐negative matrix projection‐maximum mean discrepancy (GNMP‐MMD). Firstly, the GNMP is employed to acquire the residual scores of the samples. Subsequently, a sliding window approach is integrated with MMD for real‐time monitoring of sample status within the residual subspace. In this study, GNMP is utilized to mitigate the impact of non‐Gaussianity in data distribution, while MMD serves to alleviate autocorrelation among samples. A numerical case and experimental data collected from the DAMADICS process are utilized to simulate and validate the proposed method. Compared to traditional principal component analysis (PCA), dynamic principal component analysis (DPCA), dynamic kernel principal component analysis (DKPCA), non‐negative matrix factorization (NMF), GNMP, and MMD, the experiment results clearly illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Myocardial injury is a significant cause of death. This study investigated the role and underlying mechanism of interferon‐regulatory factor‐1 (IRF1) in bevacizumab (BVZ)‐induced cardiomyocyte injury. Methods and results: HL‐1 cells and C57BL/6 mice receiving BVZ treatment were used to establish in vitro and in vivo models of myocardial injury. The relationship between VEGFA and 14‐3‐3γ was verified through co‐immunoprecipitation and Glutathione S Transferase (GST) pull‐down assay. Cell viability and apoptosis were analysed by MTT, propidium iodide (PI) staining and flow cytometry. The release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cardiac troponins T (cTnT), and creatine kinase MB (CK‐MB) was measured using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The effects of knocking down IRF1 on BVZ‐induced mice were analysed in vivo. IRF1 levels were increased in BVZ‐treated HL‐1 cells. BVZ treatment induced apoptosis, inhibited cell viability, and promoted the release of LDH, cTnT, and CK‐MB. IRF1 silencing suppressed BVZ‐induced myocardial injury, whereas IRF1 overexpression had the opposite effect. IRF1 regulated VEGFA expression by binding to its promoter, with the depletion of VEGFA or 14‐3‐3γ reversing the effects of IRF1 knockdown on the cell viability and apoptosis of BVZ‐treated HL‐1 cells. 14‐3‐3γ overexpression promoted cell proliferation, inhibited apoptosis, and reduced the release of LDH, cTnT, and CK‐MB, thereby alleviating BVZ‐induced HL‐1 cell damage. In vivo, IRF1 silencing alleviated BVZ‐induced cardiomyocyte injury by regulating the VEGFA/14‐3‐3γ axis. Conclusion: The IRF1‐mediated VEGFA/14‐3‐3γ signalling pathway promotes BVZ‐induced myocardial injury. Our study provides evidence for potentially new target genes for the treatment of myocardial injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ongoing biodiversity and climate change crises require society to adopt nature‐based solutions that integrate and enhance ecosystems. To achieve successful implementation of nature‐based solutions, it is vital to communicate scientific information about their benefits and suitability.This article explores the potential of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) as a tool for automating and scaling up science communication, outreach, and extension for nature‐based solutions.To illustrate the potential of GenAI, we present three case study examples; (1) reporting scientific information on ecosystem services, future land use options, and nature‐based solutions for farms (2) interactively providing guidance in response to homeowner questions about biodiversity‐friendly garden design and (3) visualising potential future scenarios of landscape change that incorporate diverse nature based and technological solutions. These examples demonstrate potential applications which may be relevant to other systems and types of nature‐based solutions.While GenAI for nature‐based solutions offers significant opportunities, this new technology brings risks of bias, false information, data privacy, mistrust, and high energy usage. Alongside technological development, we require integrated social research into ethics, public acceptability, and user experience, to maximise the benefits of GenAI while limiting these risks.GenAI offers an opportunity to accelerate the dissemination of nature‐based design strategies and reach a broader audience, by synthesising information and producing tailored content for specific users and locations. By harnessing the power of GenAI alongside human expertise, we can support nature‐based solutions to tackle the complex challenges of future sustainability. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil organic carbon (SOC) and aggregate stability are the critical factors in evaluate soil quality and carbon sinks in agricultural soils. Especially in complex saline soils containing larges amount of sodium and calcium ions. To quantitatively estimate the importance of salinity factors, SOC fractions, and soil aggregate fractions on SOC contents and the mean weight diameter (MWD), as well as to reveal the transformation mechanism of SOC under the interactions between salinity and straw, a laboratory experiment was conducted on three soils with different salinity, with and without straw addition. The results showed that straw and salinity interactions significantly increased the proportion of large macro‐aggregate fractions and the MWD, decreased micro‐aggregate fractions, but promoted the conversion of SOC fractions to mineral‐associated organic carbon (MAOC) of micro‐aggregates in moderately saline soils. The responses of SOC contents and MWD to electrical conductivity (EC1:5) were nonlinear. The exchangeable sodium to calcium ions ratio (E‐Na/E‐Ca) (%IncMSE = 11.4, p < 0.01), and MAOC contents (%IncMSE = 17.0, p < 0.01) provided the best explanations of SOC contents, while the MWD was more explained by calcium carbonate (CaCO3) contents (%IncMSE = 9.6, p < 0.01), and MAOC/SOC (%IncMSE = 10.5, p < 0.01). The proportion of micro‐aggregate fractions was significant drivers of both SOC contents and MWD. The increased MAOC contents was mainly caused by improving the binding sensitivity of aliphatic compounds to salt‐related compounds, and the contents of C–C/C–H and C=O functional groups. The findings offer new perspectives into the mechanism of SOC sequestration and sustainable development of moderately saline soils under straw returning in the Hetao area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In insects, vitellogenin (Vg) is generally viewed as a female‐specific protein. Its primary function is to supply nutrition to developing embryos. Here, we reported Vg from the male adults of a natural predator, Chrysopa pallens. The male Vg was depleted by RNAi. Mating with Vg‐deficient male downregulated female Vg expression, suppressed ovarian development and decreased reproductive output. Whole‐organism transcriptome analysis after male Vg knockdown showed no differential expression of the known spermatogenesis‐related regulators and seminal fluid protein genes, but a sharp downregulation of an unknown gene, which encodes a testis‐enriched big protein (Vcsoo). Separate knockdown of male Vg and Vcsoo disturbed the assembly of spermatid cytoplasmic organelles in males and suppressed the expansion of ovary germarium in mated females. These results demonstrated that C. pallens male Vg signals through the downstream Vcsoo and regulates male and female reproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exceptional electron transfer properties and low thermal conductivity of two‐dimensional layered materials render them a promising choice for thermoelectric applications. In this study, we explore the stability, electronic properties, and thermoelectric characteristics of materials composed of two‐dimensionally layered transition metal nitride HfNF. Our research findings show that the structure of HfNF is stable and exhibits the properties of a direct bandgap semiconductor. Furthermore, we employ the Boltzmann transport theory and Slack model to investigate the thermoelectric properties of HfNF within the temperature range of 300 to 900 K. The HfNF materials exhibit relatively large thermoelectric dominance values (ZT$$ ZT $$ values), with the p$$ p $$‐type HfNF demonstrating a maximum ZT$$ ZT $$ value of 1.46. Furthermore, utilizing the quasi‐harmonic Debye model, thermodynamic properties such as heat capacity, coefficient of thermal expansion, and bulk modulus within the 6 GPa and 600 K range are estimated. Based on these calculations, it is predicted that two‐dimensional HfNF materials will serve as promising new materials for thermoelectric applications spanning from 300 to 900 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: There is no clear consensus so far on which fixation method is most favorable for the tibial tunnel in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the outcome of RigidFix cross pins fixation in the tibial tunnel and to explore the advantages of RigidFix applied both in the femoral and tibial tunnel with hamstring tendon graft in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Methods: This retrospective study included 53 patients (male/female, 45/8) who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using autologous hamstring tendons between January 2013 and December 2017 at our institute. The participants in group A (n = 36) received anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with RigidFix cross pins fixation in both femoral and tibial tunnels, while those in group B (n = 17) with RigidFix cross pins fixation in the femoral tunnel and Interference screw fixation in the tibial tunnel. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score, International Knee Documentation Committee subjective knee form 2000 (IKDC2000) score, Lysholm knee scoring scale, Tegner activity score and the side‐to‐side difference were compared at 2 and 5 years postoperatively. The graft diameter, number of strands in graft and the average diameter of each strand were also compared between the two groups. The categorical parameters were analyzed by chi‐square test and the continuous variables conforming to a normal distribution were analyzed by Student's t‐test. Results: At 2 years postoperation, the VAS score (1.61 ± 0.55), side‐to‐side difference (1.50 ± 0.58) in group A were significantly lower than that in group B, and the IKDC2000 score (88.81 ± 3.88), Tegner activity score (6.14 ± 0.60) in group A were significantly higher than that in group B. At 5 years postoperation, the VAS score (1.64 ± 0.68), side‐to‐side difference (1.73 ± 0.63) in group A were significantly lower than that in group B, and the IKDC2000 score (89.09 ± 3.85), Tegner activity score (6.58 ± 0.94) in group A were slso significantly higher than that in group B. There was statistical difference in the change of the side‐to‐side difference between the two groups (group A vs. B, 0.22 ± 0.08 vs. 0.34 ± 0.11, p < 0.001). There were also statistical differences in the graft diameter (group A vs. B, 7.83 ± 0.74 vs. 7.41 ± 0.51, p = 0,038), number of strands in graft (5.67 ± 0.72 vs. 4.00 ± 0.00, p < 0.001) and the average diameter of each strand (1.41 ± 0.22 vs. 1.85 ± 0.13, p < 0.001) between the two groups. Conclusion: RigidFix cross pins fixation in the tibial tunnel for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction can achieve better 5‐year results when compared with the interference screw, and the hamstring tendon can be folded into a thicker graft when RigidFix cross pins were applied in both femoral and tibial tunnels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global public health, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are widely distributed across humans, animals, and environment. Farming environments are emerging as a key research area for ARGs and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB). While the skin is an important reservoir of ARGs and ARB, transmission mechanisms between farming environments and human skin remain unclear. Previous studies confirmed that swine farm environmental exposures alter skin microbiome, but the timeline of these changes is ill defined. To improve understanding of these changes and to determine the specific time, we designed a cohort study of swine farm workers and students through collected skin and environmental samples to explore the impact of daily occupational exposure in swine farm on human skin microbiome. Results indicated that exposure to livestock‐associated environments where microorganisms are richer than school environment can reshape the human skin microbiome and antibiotic resistome. Exposure of 5 h was sufficient to modify the microbiome and ARG structure in workers' skin by enriching microorganisms and ARGs. These changes were preserved once formed. Further analysis indicated that ARGs carried by host microorganisms may transfer between the environment with workers' skin and have the potential to expand to the general population using farm workers as an ARG vector. These results raised concerns about potential transmission of ARGs to the broader community. Therefore, it is necessary to take corresponding intervention measures in the production process to reduce the possibility of ARGs and ARB transmission. Highlights: Exposure to livestock‐associated environment, more microbially enriched than school environment, can remodel the human skin microbiome and antibiotic resistome.The 5 h of exposure is sufficient to alter the microbiota and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) structure of skin and these changes were retained once formed.ARGs carried by host microbes were transferred between the environment and workers' skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Palaeozoic magmatic history of Central Iran is related to the subduction of the Proto‐Tethys Ocean and the amalgamation of Gondwana continental fragments. This study presents whole‐rock geochemistry, Sr–Nd isotope and zircon U–Pb–Hf ages of shoshonitic plutonic rocks (e.g., monzonite–syenite) from the north Posht‐e‐Badam (NPB) district with a view to constrain their petrogenetic and tectono‐magmatic evolution during the Palaeozoic. The geochemical data show moderate enrichment in large‐ion lithophile elements and Ti, large positive Pb anomalies, and depletion or moderate enrichment in high‐field‐strength elements (e.g., Nb and Ta), typical of continental arcs. Zircon LA–ICP–MS U–Pb ages are in the range of 444–428 Ma. The Sr–Nd–Hf isotope data, for example, (87Sr/86Sr)i = 0.7073 to 0.7089, εNd(t) = −1.4 to −0.2, and εHf(t) = −3.6 to +7.7, indicate derivation of the magma from a mantle source. The numerical modelling shows a contribution of less than 10% crustal assimilation and ~3% sediment into the melt‐derived mantle. We propose that metasomatic enrichment occurred during the subduction of Proto‐Tethyan Ocean between the Iranian microcontinents, leading to the formation of a shoshonitic melt. We infer that the recorded ages coincide with a continental rift episode followed by a rear arc tectonic region that spread along the northern active margin of Gondwana. Further, the change in magma affinity from calc‐alkaline (~474–512 Ma) to shoshonitic (444–428 Ma) in Central Iran is probably related to the gradual steepening of the slab dip angle and trench‐ward migration of the front arc into the region above metasomatically enriched rear arc mantle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calcium‐magnesium‐aluminium‐silicate (CMAS) attack is a longstanding challenge for yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) particularly at higher engine operating temperature. Here, a novel microstructural design is reported for YSZ TBCs to mitigate CMAS attack. The design is based on a drip coating method that creates a thin layer of nanoporous Al2O3 around YSZ columnar grains produced by electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB‐PVD). The nanoporous Al2O3 enables fast crystallization of CMAS melt close to the TBC surface, in the inter‐columnar gaps, and on the column walls, thereby suppressing CMAS infiltration and preventing further degradation of the TBCs due to CMAS attack. Indentation and three‐point beam bending tests indicate that the highly porous Al2O3 only slightly stiffens the TBC but offers superior resistance against sintering in long‐term thermal exposure by reducing the intercolumnar contact. This work offers a new pathway for designing novel TBC architecture with excellent CMAS resistance, strain tolerance, and sintering resistance, which also points out new insight for assembly nanoporous ceramic in traditional ceramic structure for integrated functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: A series of 3‐acyl‐substituted isoindolinone derivatives were synthesized in a one‐pot manner via the reaction of o‐bromobenzaldehydes, isocyanides, and carboxylic acids in the presence of palladium catalyst and base. The reaction employing easily available starting materials features simple operation and high efficiency. The mechanistic study showed that the reaction might undergo 1) Pd‐catalyzed [3+2] cyclization of o‐bromobenzaldehyde with isocyanide and the re‐insertion of another molecule of isocyanide, 2) addition of carboxylic acid to in situ formed ketenimine followed by a rearrangement relay to give 3,3‐diacyl‐substituted isoindolinone derivative. Further transformations of the obtained products through decarbonylation could also be realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicic magmas are the most viscous of all magmas, however some granitic plutons display remarkably homogeneous compositions, which contradicts the hypothesis that mechanical mixing is the main homogenizing process in the magma chamber. Thus much remains controversial about the mechanisms responsible for the homogeneities of silicic plutons. Here, we present textural observations, elemental mapping, and in situ elemental and Nd‐O isotopic data of apatites from the compositionally homogeneous Late Permian Yuanyang A‐type granitic pluton (SW Yunnan, South China). Apatite grains display oscillatory chemical zonation and resorption‐precipitation texture, suggesting incremental growth dominated by co‐genetic magma batches injection. The intra‐/inter‐grain core to rim elemental and Nd‐O isotopic variations imply crystal transfer and crystallization from different melt domains within the crystal mush. We propose that rejuvenation events associated with hotter cogenetic intermediate magma batch injection has induced crystal mush reactivation and convective stirring in silicic magma chambers, thereby homogenizing the entire reservoir. Plain Language Summary: Magma mixing between mafic and viscous felsic magmas is usually incomplete, forming heterogeneous structures and geochemical compositions in felsic magma bodies. However, some silicic magma bodies have homogeneous compositions and structures, such as the Late Permian Yuanyang A‐type granites (YAGs) in southwestern South China, and the actual homogenizing process in silicic magma chamber is still unclear. Accessory apatite is ubiquitous in felsic plutons, whose growth zoning could reflect magma chamber evolution. Apatite grains collected from the YAGs show complex resorption‐precipitation texture. Their core‐rim oscillatory elemental and Nd‐O isotopic variations suggest compositional perturbations of ambient magma, probably caused by the injection/mixing of multiple magma pulses. Accordingly, we propose that hot magma recharge could reactivate the crystal‐mush, causing magma convection and stirring that gradually homogenized the silicic magma chamber. Key Points: The apatites from the compositionally homogeneous Yuanyang A‐type granites are texturally and geochemically heterogeneousThe identified four apatite zoning domains documented magma replenishment, mixing and crystal mush reactivationMagma convection and stirring induced by magma batches injection are key to homogenizing the silicic magma chamber [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the clinical potential and safety of Moluodan to reverse gastric precancerous lesions. Methods: Patients aged 18–70 years diagnosed with moderate‐to‐severe atrophy and/or moderate‐to‐severe intestinal metaplasia, with or without low‐grade dysplasia, and negative for Helicobacter pylori were recruited in this randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐controlled trial. The primary outcome was the improvement of global histological diagnosis at 1‐year follow‐up endoscopy using the operative link for gastritis assessment, the operative link for gastric intestinal metaplasia assessment, and the disappearance rate of dysplasia. Results: Between November 3, 2017 and January 27, 2021, 166 subjects were randomly assigned to the Moluodan group, 168 to the folic acid group, 84 to the combination group, and 84 to the high‐dose Moluodan group. The improvement in global histological diagnosis was achieved in 60 (39.5%) subjects receiving Moluodan, 59 (37.8%) receiving folic acid, 26 (32.1%) receiving the combined drugs, and 36 (47.4%) receiving high‐dose Moluodan. Moluodan was non‐inferior to folic acid (95% confidence interval: −9.2 to 12.5; P = 0.02). High‐dose Moluodan had a trend for better protective efficacy, though there was no statistical significance. The disappearance rate of dysplasia was 82.8% in the Moluodan group, which was superior to folic acid (53.9%; P = 0.006). No drug‐related serious adverse events were observed. Conclusions: One pack of Moluodan three times daily for 1 year was safe and effective in reversing gastric precancerous lesions, especially dysplasia. Doubling its dose showed a better efficacy trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stability control of suspension density is an important means to ensure the quality of fine coal in dense medium separation (DMS) process. This paper focuses on the tracking control issue of the dense medium suspension density in a non‐uniform sampling and networked control environment, and proposes a multi‐rate event trigger control design method. Firstly, lifting technique and multi‐rate identification method are adopted to establish the multi‐rate model. Secondly, a multi‐rate event‐triggered predictive control (MEPC) algorithm is proposed to reduce the waste of communication resources and ensure tracking performance. Furthermore, by using a Kalman filter to eliminate the effects of noise and developing a compensation mechanism to predict the lost data, a robust MEPC (RMEPC) algorithm is further proposed for imperfect data in the actual production process. Finally, the hardware‐in‐the‐loop simulation experiments with actual parameters of coal preparation plant have been carried out, showing the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of energy‐saving technology for the efficient separation of olefin and paraffin is highly important for the chemical industry. Herein, we report a self‐assembled Fe4L6 capsule containing a hydrophobic cavity, which can be used to encapsulate and separate propylene/propane. The successful encapsulation of propylene and propane by the Fe4L6 cage in a water solution was documented by NMR spectroscopy. The binding constants K for the Fe4L6 cage toward propylene and propane were determined to be (5.0±0.1)×103 M−1 and (2.1±0.7)×104 M−1 in D2O at 25 °C, respectively. Experiments and theoretical studies revealed that the cage exhibited multiple weak interactions with propylene and propane. The polymer‐grade propylene (>99.5 %) can be obtained from a mixture of propylene and propane by using the Fe4L6 cage as a separation material in a U‐shaped glass tube. This work provides a new strategy for the separation of olefin/paraffin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2D second‐order topological insulators (SOTIs) have sparked significant interest, but currently, the proposed realistic 2D materials for SOTIs are limited to nonmagnetic systems. In this study, for the first time, a single layer of chalcogenide CrSiTe3—an experimentally realized transition metal trichalcogenide is proposed with a layer structure—as a 2D ferromagnetic (FM) SOTI. Based on first‐principles calculations, this study confirms that the CrSiTe3 monolayer exhibits a nontrivial gapped bulk state in the spin‐up channel and a trivial gapped bulk state in the spin‐down channel. Based on the higher‐order bulk–boundary correspondence, it demonstrates that the CrSiTe3 monolayer exhibits topologically protected corner states with a quantized fractional charge (e3$\frac{e}{3}$) in the spin‐up channel. Notably, unlike previous nonmagnetic examples, the topological corner states of the CrSiTe3 monolayer are spin‐polarized and pinned at the corners of the sample in real space. Furthermore, the CrSiTe3 monolayer retains SOTI features when the spin–orbit coupling (SOC) is considered, as evidenced by the corner charge and corner states distribution. Finally, by applying biaxial strain and hole doping, this study transforms the magnetic insulating bulk states into spin‐gapless semiconducting and half‐metallic bulk states, respectively. Importantly, the topological corner states persist in the spin‐up channel under these conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2D second‐order topological insulators (SOTIs) have sparked significant interest, but currently, the proposed realistic 2D materials for SOTIs are limited to nonmagnetic systems. In this study, for the first time, a single layer of chalcogenide CrSiTe3—an experimentally realized transition metal trichalcogenide is proposed with a layer structure—as a 2D ferromagnetic (FM) SOTI. Based on first‐principles calculations, this study confirms that the CrSiTe3 monolayer exhibits a nontrivial gapped bulk state in the spin‐up channel and a trivial gapped bulk state in the spin‐down channel. Based on the higher‐order bulk–boundary correspondence, it demonstrates that the CrSiTe3 monolayer exhibits topologically protected corner states with a quantized fractional charge (e3$\frac{e}{3}$) in the spin‐up channel. Notably, unlike previous nonmagnetic examples, the topological corner states of the CrSiTe3 monolayer are spin‐polarized and pinned at the corners of the sample in real space. Furthermore, the CrSiTe3 monolayer retains SOTI features when the spin–orbit coupling (SOC) is considered, as evidenced by the corner charge and corner states distribution. Finally, by applying biaxial strain and hole doping, this study transforms the magnetic insulating bulk states into spin‐gapless semiconducting and half‐metallic bulk states, respectively. Importantly, the topological corner states persist in the spin‐up channel under these conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A ligand‐free palladium‐promoted [1,8]‐sigmatropic hydrogen shift reaction of 1,6‐allene‐ene was reported, which went through an intramolecular Ene cyclization using base as a hydrogen shuttle. Notably, the transformation could realize the HAT process via the hydrogen shift from an old allylic C−H bond to a new one in the presence of oxidant, between which have low BDE distinction. The mild reaction conditions, high atom economy and good chemo/regioselectivity proved the valuable of this strategy. The control experiments using acetone‐D6/D2O proved that neither solvent nor water were involved in the cycloisomerization process and HAT process was more convincible. The target products could achieve more valuable molecules via convenient synthetic transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contribution of water to the formation of large igneous provinces (LIPs) remains controversial. We report the first measurement of water content and hydrogen isotope ratios in olivine‐hosted melt inclusions from the Dali picrites, which belong to the Emeishan LIP (ELIP). The inclusions have a wide range of H2O content (0.01–1.73 wt %) and H isotope ratios (δD = 87 ± 11‰ to −267 ± 14‰). The lowest H isotope ratio is below that of the average mantle but comparable to that of the dehydrated slab. These results suggest that most of the Dali melt inclusions have undergone H+ diffusion and H2O degassing. However, some melt inclusions have higher H2O content and lower δD value, which may have undergone rapid cooling and thereby preserved their magmatic H isotope and water content signatures. The reconstructed H2O content of the primary magma for the Dali picrites is ∼1.35 wt %, much lower than the previous estimate for the ELIP primary magma (3.44 ± 0.89 wt % or 4.0–5.6 wt %). Our results support a moderately hydrous (OIB‐type) magma for the ELIP, instead of a highly hydrous one (arc‐type). The mantle source of the picrites is calculated to contain 0.28–0.52 wt % H2O, and recycled oceanic crust that underwent seawater alteration and subsequent slab dehydration during subduction, causing the low δD value of the melt inclusions. We suggest that the Dali picrites may have formed by partial melting of the recycled oceanic crust and metasomatized mantle peridotite. Plain Language Summary: Water is transported from the Earth's surface to the mantle through "wet" oceanic crust subduction, and recycled to the surface primarily by volcanism. The amount of surface‐derived water carried to the deep Earth via subduction is poorly constrained. Here, we first report the measured water content and hydrogen isotope ratios in the melt inclusions from olivine grains, which are hosted in the Dali picrites that represent the primary magma of the Emeishan large igneous province (ELIP). Despite substantial H+ diffusion and H2O degassing in the majority of these Dali melt inclusions, we found that some of them have cooled down rapidly enough to preserve their original hydrogen isotope signature and magmatic H2O content. The calculated primary magmatic water content is 1.35 wt %, similar to that of typical oceanic island basalts. We determined that the mantle source had a water concentration of 0.28–0.52 wt %, contradicting previous suggestions that the ELIP primary magma had a high water content, comparable to arc‐type magma. Key Points: Primary magma at Dali has ∼1.35 wt % H2O, lower than previous estimates for primary magma from the Emeishan large igneous province (ELIP)The referred water content in the mantle source supports an OIB‐type moderately hydrous provenance for the ELIPThe mantle source of the Dali picrites contains recycled components, which underwent seawater metasomatism and later dehydration [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: To find more effective agricultural antibiotics, a class of new 2‐aminothiazole derivatives containing the 4‐aminoquinazoline moiety were synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial properties against phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi of agricultural importance. RESULTS: All the target compounds were fully characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The bioassay results showed that compound F29 with a 2‐pyridinyl substituent exhibited an outstanding antibacterial effect against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) in vitro, having an half‐maximal effective concentration (EC50) value as low as 2.0 μg/mL (over 30‐fold more effective than the commercialized agrobactericide bismerthiazol, with an EC50 value of 64.3 μg/mL). In addition, compound F8 with a 2‐fluorophenyl group demonstrated a good inhibitory activity toward the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac), around twofold more active than bismerthiazol in terms of their EC50 values (22.8 versus 71.5 μg/mL). Interestingly, this compound also demonstrated a notable fungicidal effect against Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae, with an EC50 value largely comparable with that of the commercialized fungicide carbendazim. Finally, mechanistic studies revealed that compound F29 exerted its antibacterial effects by increasing the permeability of bacterial membranes, reducing the release of extracellular polysaccharides, and triggering morphological changes of bacterial cells. CONCLUSION: Compound F29 has promising potential as a lead compound for developing more efficient bactericides to fight against Xoc. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the bioequivalence of miglitol orally disintegrating tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers based on pharmacodynamic (PD) and pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters. Additionally, the safety profile was estimated. Two randomized, open‐label, single‐dose, crossover trials were conducted under fasting conditions. In the PD trial (CTR20191811), 45 healthy volunteers were randomly divided into 3 groups in a 1:1:1 ratio and administered sucrose alone or coadministered with 50 mg of miglitol orally disintegrating tablet test or reference formulation/sucrose. In the PK trial (CTR20191696), 24 healthy volunteers were randomized (1:1) to receive the test or reference formulation (50 mg). Blood samples were collected at 15 and 17 sampling points per cycle in the PD and PK trials, respectively. Plasma miglitol and serum glucose concentrations were analyzed using a validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method. Serum insulin concentrations were measured using electrochemiluminescent immunoassay. Statistical analyses for the PD and PK parameters were subsequently performed. The volunteers' physical indicators were monitored and documented during the entire study to estimate drug safety. The PD and PK parameters of the two formulations were similar. The main PD and PK end points were both within the prespecified range of 80%–125%. The incidences of treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and drug‐related TEAEs were similar between the test and reference formulation groups, and no serious TEAEs or deaths occurred during the 2 trials. These 2 formulations were demonstrated to be bioequivalent and well tolerated in healthy Chinese volunteers under fasting condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rising demand of OLED products in the mobile market gradually shrink the market shares for LCD products, which seriously affects the competitiveness of a‐Si products. This article proposes a‐Si fine‐HD (fHD) display system solution， combines high‐definition image quality， super high refresh rate, ultra narrow border ， light sensing TFT driver integrated ， and other performance features. Compared to existing HD display system, fHD display system can open up new opportunities, increase market value and product iteration for a‐Si products. At the same time, it has a significant cost effectiveness advantage, attracting head customers of mobile phone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]