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A novel Modified Deep Fuzzy Clustering (MDFC) based classification model involves four major phases. They are preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction and finally, detection and classification phase. To reduce noise and smooth the edges of the input image of the cotton crop, bilateral filtering is first used as a preprocessing approach. Next, a modified deep fuzzy clustering is suggested for the segmentation procedure that creates a collection of segments from the preprocessed image. The segmented image is then processed to extract relevant characteristics by using an enhanced Pyramid of Histogram Orientation Gradient (PHOG), Local Directional Ternary Pattern (LDTP), and statistical‐based features. In order to detect and classify cotton crop diseases more effectively, this paper proposes a hybrid system. Here, the features are put through a detection phase, after which the extracted features are trained in the Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (Bi‐GRU) model to determine whether or not the cotton crop is infected. Once it is detected to be diseased, the type of disease is classified via an improved Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). In terms of several performance metrics, the proposed model is validated in comparison with the traditional approaches. The MDFC‐based classification model outperforms existing models with a specificity of 0.9687 at a learning rate of 90. In contrast, other models achieve lower specificities: Bi‐GRU (0.8436), RNN (0.8359), CNN (0.8654), LSTM (0.8769), SVM (0.7983), VGG16 (0.8619), DCNN (0.8725), BI‐RNN + BI‐LSTM (0.7869), and NN + CNN (0.85478). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Container‐based virtualization is becoming increasingly popular in the cloud industry, as it provides services to the client as per their requirements. Requirements of the user can be described in a configuration file. Cloud provider offers the services to the client using "pay‐as‐you go" model. Docker provides support to a cloud provider for the creation of a container, deployment of the container, and monitoring of services running inside a container on the host and guest system both. The creation and deployment of the container by Docker efficiently is a big challenge. In this paper, we capture the behavior of the container life cycle through process algebra (CCS) and properties of it as a formula using μ‐calculus. Further we capture the behavior of deployment of the container on the host machine through CCS and its properties through the model μ‐ calculus. We used model checking tool Concurrency Workbench of the New Century to verify the creation of the Docker container as well as deployment of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two carbon dots namely, S, N co‐doped (CD1) and N doped (CD2) were synthesized by solvothermal treatment of pyromelletic acid in presence of thiourea, urea and DETA at 180 °C. The synthesized carbon dots were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy analysis. The dimension of synthesized carbon dots were found in the range of 1.63 nm to 2 nm with significant graphitic carbons. These carbon dots (CD1 and CD2) were used as green corrosion inhibitor to mitigate corrosion of mild steel (MS) in 15 % HCl solution using gravimetric and electrochemical methods. Studied carbon dots, CD1 and CD2 exhibited inhibition efficiency of 96.40 and 90.00 %, respectively, at 100 ppm concentration and 303 K temperature. The observed corrosion inhibition occurs due to adsorption of the carbon dots to the MS surface. Both the carbon dots follow Langmuir adsorption isotherm model and show physisorption on the MS surface. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was used to study the morphology of the uninhibited and inhibited surface of the sample. The interaction of the carbon dots and composition of adsorbed layer on the MS surface was confirmed using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XPS analysis revealed that heteroatoms present in the structural moiety of the carbon dots efficiently binds on the MS surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imidazopyridine derivatives, namely 4-methoxy- N-((2-(4-methoxyphenyl) H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)methylene)benzenamine (MMPIPB) and 4-chloro- N-((2-(4-methoxyphenyl) H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3yl)methylene)benzenamine (CMPIPB), were investigated as inhibitors for mild steel corrosion in 15% HCl solution using the weight loss and electrochemical techniques. According to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies, MMPIPB and CMPIPB show corrosion inhibition efficiency of 84.8 and 77.2% at 10-ppm concentration and 98.1 and 94.8% at 80-ppm concentration, respectively at 303 K. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of both inhibitors increased with increasing inhibitor concentration and decreased with increasing temperature. The adsorption of both inhibitor molecules on the surface of mild steel obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Polarization studies showed that both studied inhibitors were of mixed type in nature. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies showed that for both inhibitors, the value of charge transfer resistance increased and double-layer capacitance decreased on increasing the concentration of inhibitors. Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and atomic force microscopy were performed for surface study. The density functional theory was employed for theoretical calculations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corrosion inhibition properties of synthesized pyridine derivatives, namely, 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5,6-dimethyl-2-morpholinopyridine-3-carbonitrile and 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5,6-dimethyl-2-piperazinyl-pyridine-3-carbonitrile on N80 steel in 15% HCl solution were studied using gravimetric measurement, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. The inhibition efficiency was found to increase with increasing inhibitor concentration and decreases on increasing the temperature from 303 to 333K. Some thermodynamic and kinetic parameters were calculated and discussed. The adsorption of inhibitor on the N80 steel surface obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Polarization studies showed that both the inhibitors behave as a mixed-type inhibitor. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy were performed for the surface study of uninhibited and inhibited N80 steel samples. The density functional theory was employed for theoretical calculations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate bacterial load in ready-to-sale sheep meat with special reference to Salmonella. Samples were collected from 100 sheep carcasses from retail meat shops in domestic markets. On carcasses, where bacterial counts were obtained, the mean of the log10 aerobic plate count was 7.26 cfu g−1, and that of total coliform count and total Escherichia coli count was 4.11 log10 cfu g−1 and 3.03 log10 cfu g−1, respectively. All the samples (100) were found positive for coliforms, 49.0% were positive for E. coli and 3.0% were positive for Salmonella. The isolates were serotyped as Salmonella infantis having antigenic structure 6, 7: r: 1, 5. Antibiogram revealed highest (100.0%) sensitivity towards amikacin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, colistin sulphate, gentamicin and nalidixic acid followed by cefuroxime and tetracycline (66.67% each) and cotrimoxazole (33.33%). All the strains were resistant to ampicillin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recently discovered new class of 40 kDa glycoproteins forms a major component of the secretory proteins in the dry secretions of non-lactating animals. These proteins are implicated as protective signalling factors that determine which cells are to survive during the processes of drastic tissue remodelling. In order to understand its role in the remodelling of mammary glands, the detailed three-dimensional structure of the bovine signalling glycoprotein (SPC-40) has been determined using X-ray crystallography. SPC-40 was purified from bovine dry secretions and crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic space group P212121, with unit-cell parameters a = 62.6, b = 67.4, c = 106.9 Å. The protein was also cloned in order to determine its complete amino-acid sequence. Its three-dimensional structure has been determined using data to 2.1 Å resolution. The amino-acid sequence determination of SPC-40 reveals two potential N-glycosylation sites at Asn39 and Asn345, but electron density for a glycan chain was only present at Asn39. The protein adopts a conformation with the classical (β/α)8-barrel fold of triosephosphate isomerase (TIM barrel; residues 1–237 and 310–360) with the insertion of a small α+β domain (residues 240–307) similar to that observed in chitinases. However, the substitution of Leu for Glu in the consensus catalytic sequence in SPC-40 caused a loss of chitinase activity. Furthermore, the chitin-binding groove in SPC-40 is considerably distorted owing to unfavourable conformations of several residues, including Trp78, Tyr120, Asp186 and Arg242. Three surface loops, His188–His197, Phe202–Arg212 and Tyr244–Pro260, have exceptionally high B factors, suggesting large-scale flexibility. Fluorescence studies indicate that various sugars bind to SPC-40 with low affinities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]