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Objective: This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to estimate the global prevalence of gingival recession (GR) in the general population. Materials and Methods: Population‐based observational studies reporting the prevalence of GR and published from 1991 to 2021 were identified from five electronic databases and manual searches. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Checklist for Prevalence Studies. The pooled prevalence of GR was calculated by using a random‐effect model. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to summarize the overall certainty of evidence. Results: A total of 15 studies involving 37,460 participants were included. The overall pooled prevalence was 78.16% at the minimal reported threshold values and 84.92% at ≥1 mm "cut‐off" with high heterogeneity among studies. A separate analysis for the buccal GR revealed a pooled prevalence of 75.42%. The risk of bias was found to be high for 10 and low for 5 studies. The overall certainty of the evidence was assessed to be very low. Conclusion: More than two‐thirds of the population worldwide was found to be affected by GR. Studies with standard case definition and less heterogeneity are required to accurately estimate the prevalence of GR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The investigation was conducted to assess the diverseness and identify novel resources to be utilized in chickpea abiotic‐biotic stress resistance breeding for the antioxidant enzyme Superoxide Dismutase. The plants were grown in a randomized block design in triplicates under all suitable agronomic practices using PUSA 256 as a check. Fresh leaves were collected for the estimation of enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and DNA extraction. Number of pods were recorded on 20 individual plants from the middle of the row for each of the 12 genotypes. Employing 32 Sequence Tagged Microsatellite Site (STMS) markers together with morpho‐biochemical data, Jaccard's similarity coefficients along with dendrograms were generated to compare and assess the diversity among the genotypes. Results: Among the 12 chickpea genotypes, poorest versus best performers were identified as BGD‐70 versus ICRISAT‐3668 for SOD activity. Out of 32 STMS primers, 80 alleles with 2.5 an average per loci were found. The marker TA‐80 with the highest polymorphic information content (PIC) could be identified to be used in molecular characterization. The meticulous perusal revealed that the genotypes ICRISAT‐3668 and SBD 377, distantly located on different molecular clusters, expressed the higher SOD activity with the observed distances indicating genetic governance, probably by a limited number of polygenes/OTLs and might be utilized as a potential source for the SOD activity for chickpea abiotic‐biotic stress resistance breeding programs. Conclusion: The identified novel genetic resources may be used to widen the germplasm base, prepare a maintainable catalog and identify systematic blueprints for future chickpea abiotic‐biotic stresses breeding strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenolic compounds are present as pollutant in the industrial waste water. The present work deals with the photocatalytic degradation of Ortho‐Nitrophenol by using Zinc oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and its composite with β‐Cyclodextrin (β‐CD) represented as ZnO‐β‐CD. ZnO NPs were prepared by using Sol Gel Method. The morphological and structural properties were studied using SEM EDAX, PXRD, FT‐IR and UV‐DRS. Effect of pH was also studied. ZnO NPs degraded the Ortho‐Nitrophenol up to 25.8 % and it was enhanced by the addition of β‐CD up to 88.9 % in 100 minutes. Catalysts used were 1 g/L during the degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Mucosal fenestrations are infrequent and often challenging to treat depending on the extent of soft and hard tissue destruction. This article presents the successful management of a relatively larger mucosal fenestration associated with complete absence of buccal bone plate in a mandibular incisor secondary to trauma‐induced periapical pathosis. Clinical considerations: After non‐surgical endodontic therapy, surgery was performed for debridement of the osseous defect, root resection/shaping, connective tissue graft (CTG) placement on the affected root surface and platelet rich fibrin (PRF) in periapical osseous defect rather than use of bone graft and/or barrier membrane. Healing was uneventful, however, a small mucosal defect remained at 2 weeks follow‐up. After 3 months of primary surgery, a corrective surgery was performed utilizing an "incision‐free" approach i.e. tunnel technique with CTG in contrast to the contemporary flap approach. At 18 months follow‐up, complete closure of the mucosal defect with a thick gingival biotype, normal sulcus depth, and good esthetic outcome were achieved. No recurrence and any clinical signs of infection or inflammation were observed. Conclusions: Based on the outcomes of present case, an early intervention utilizing the minimally invasive surgical therapy and autologous biomaterials may be considered a viable approach to treat such complex lesions. Clinical significance: Endodontic therapy in combination with PRF and CTG appears to provide successful outcomes in treatment of a large mucosal fenestration with periapical osseous defect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Metallothionein (MT), a cysteine rich protein is involved as a radical scavenger in several pathological conditions associated with oxidative stress; however, its role in periodontal disease still remains elusive. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to determine the serum, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of MT in smokers (S) and non-smokers (NS) with chronic periodontitis (CP), and compare them with those of periodontally healthy (PH) individuals.Methods: A total of 85 participants were enrolled: 45 patients with CP (23 S [CP+S] and 22 NS [CP+NS]) and 40 PH individuals (20 S [PH+S] and 20 NS [PH+NS]). In all the study participants, clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index, gingival index, sulcus bleeding index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level) were recorded and samples of serum, saliva and GCF were collected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the levels of MT in the samples.Results: All periodontal clinical parameters were significantly higher in the CP groups as compared to PH groups (P < 0.05). MT levels in CP+S group were significantly raised in comparison to other three groups. There was no statistically significant difference in MT levels among CP+NS and PH+S groups (P > 0.05); however, relatively higher levels were observed in GCF and saliva in CP+NS group. When all the study groups were observed together, MT levels were positively correlated with clinical parameters.Conclusions: Results of present study suggest that smoking and CP can induce the synthesis of MT owing to increased oxidative stress and heavy metals intoxication. Further longitudinal studies with large sample size and an interventional arm are needed to substantiate the role of MT as a potential biomarker in periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research work was proposed to study the antimicrobial activity of the silver nanocoated fabric with the purpose of producing good dressing and clothing material. We synthesized simple, ecofriendly, cost‐effective and sustainable silver nanoparticles by using the aqueous extract of Allium cepa L. Here, A. cepa L. acts as a good reducing and capping agent that produced stable silver nanoparticles having particle size of range 36 ± 1 to 98 ± 2 nm, Poly dispersiblity index 0.234 ± 0.61 to 1.023 ± 0.33 and Zeta potential ‐12 ± 1.5 mV to ‐26 ± 1.2 mV. The effect of temperature and extract volume used was considered for optimization of synthetic procedure. The nanocoated fabric was characterized for morphological study, size (using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) and zeta‐potential (Zeta Potentiometer). The presence of functional groups were observed by using attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. The crystallinity and structural property of the synthesized silver nanoparticles were studied in terms of Powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD). An IC50 value and zone of inhibition was studied which demonstrate that the silver nanocoated fabric have an excellent antibacterial property against Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. Further nanocoated fabric material was washed (with function of time 0, 10, 25, and 50 laundry cycles) and still retained their anti‐bacterial activity towards both strain. Initially there was 52 μg/ml of silver nanoparticles on the cotton fabric but after 50 laundry cycle in 500 ml of distilled water the fabric showed 92% efficiency against gram positive and 90% efficacy toward gram negative bacteria. It was found that 4.16 μg/ml nano particles leached in case of S. Aureus and 5.2 μg/mL silver nanoparticles leached in case of E. coli. Nanocoated fabric material synthesized using green synthesis was found to be economical with good resistance to washing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hemoglobins (Hbs) are evolutionarily conserved heme-containing metallo-proteins of the Globin protein family that harbour the characteristic 'globin fold.' Hemoglobins have been functionally diversified during evolution and their usual property of oxygen transport is rather a recent adaptation. Drosophila genome possesses three globin genes ( glob1, glob2, and glob3), and we have reported earlier that adequate expression of glob1 is required for various aspects of development, as well as to regulate the cellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The present study illustrates the explicit role of Drosophila globin1 in progression of oogenesis. Results: We demonstrate a dynamic expression pattern of glob1 in somatic and germ cell derivatives of developing egg chambers during various stages of oogenesis, which largely confines around the F-actin-rich cellular components. Reduced expression of glob1 leads to various types of abnormalities during oogenesis, which were primarily mediated by the inappropriately formed F-actin-based cytoskeleton. Our subsequent analysis in the somatic and germ line clones shows cell autonomous role of glob1 in the maintenance of the integrity of F-actin-based cytoskeleton components in the somatic and germ cell derivatives. Conclusions: Our study establishes a novel role of glob1 in maintenance of F-actin-based cytoskeleton during progression of oogenesis in Drosophila. Developmental Dynamics 245:1048-1065, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lysine ɛ-aminotransferase ( LAT) is a protein involved in lysine catabolism, and it plays a significant role during the persistent/latent phase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( MTB), as observed by its up-regulation by ~40-fold during this stage. We have used the crystal structure of MTB LAT in external aldimine form in complex with its substrate lysine as a template to design and identify seven lead compounds with IC50 ranging from 18.06 to > 90 μ m. We have synthesized 21 compounds based on the identified lead, and compound 21 [2,2′-oxybis( N′-(4-fluorobenzylidene)acetohydrazide)] was found to be the most active with MTB LAT IC50 of 0.81 ± 0.03 μ m. Compound 21 also showed a 2.3 log reduction in the nutrient-starved MTB model and was more potent than standard isoniazid and rifampicin at the same dose level of 10 μg/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]