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The importance of research on non‐linear evolution equations has increased over time. In the fields of plasma physics, fluid mechanics, optical fibers, and other sciences, such equations are not unrealistic. Discovering the exact answers to these equations needs to be a top priority. In this study, we will investigate a (3+1)$$ \left(3+1\right) $$‐dimensional non‐linear MA‐FAN equation that is used to simulate weakly non‐linear restoring forces and frequency dispersion in long wavelength water waves. The (3+1)$$ \left(3+1\right) $$‐dimensional MA‐FAN equation's solution is analyzed using the Lie symmetry analysis, and it is also used to pick the appropriate one‐dimensional Lie subalgebra system. We discover invariant solutions of the (3+1)$$ \left(3+1\right) $$‐dimensional MA‐FAN equation, which may capture the dynamic behavior of non‐linear waves, by solving the numerous ordinary differential equations that are reduced equations from the MA‐FAN equation by using the Lie group of transformation approach. In conclusion, the method offered is robust and convenient tool for studying various classes of non‐linear PDE solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants deposit lignin in the secondary cell wall as a common response to drought and pathogen attacks. Cell wall localised multicopper oxidase family enzymes LACCASES (LACs) catalyse the formation of monolignol radicals and facilitate lignin formation. We show an upregulation of the expression of several LAC genes and a downregulation of microRNA397 (CamiR397) in response to natural drought in chickpea roots. CamiR397 was found to target LAC4 and LAC17L out of twenty annotated LACs in chickpea. CamiR397 and its target genes are expressed in the root. Overexpression of CamiR397 reduced expression of LAC4 and LAC17L and lignin deposition in chickpea root xylem causing reduction in xylem wall thickness. Downregulation of CamiR397 activity by expressing a short tandem target mimic (STTM397) construct increased root lignin deposition in chickpea. CamiR397‐overexpressing and STTM397 chickpea lines showed sensitivity and tolerance, respectively, towards natural drought. Infection with a fungal pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina, responsible for dry root rot (DRR) disease in chickpea, induced local lignin deposition and LAC gene expression. CamiR397‐overexpressing and STTM397 chickpea lines showed more sensitivity and tolerance, respectively, to DRR. Our results demonstrated the regulatory role of CamiR397 in root lignification during drought and DRR in an agriculturally important crop chickpea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An operationally simple mechanochemical reaction between iminoiodinanes with numerous cyclic 2°‐amines such as morpholine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, thiomorpholine, N‐Boc diazepine and N‐Boc piperazine has been reported to afford N‐sulfonyl amidines in moderate to excellent yield. The N‐sulfonyl transfer reaction happens in a ball mill apparatus (RETSCH 400™) with three 5 mm stainless steel (ss) balls in a 5 mL stainless steel (ss) reaction jar with 2‐methyl tetrahydrofuran as liquid assisted grinding auxiliary (LAG). This metal catalyst‐base free synthesis with minimal solvents (as LAGs) demonstrated an efficient N‐sulfonyl transfer reaction from iminoiodinanes. N‐sulfonyl amidines are ubiquitous building blocks present in natural products and drug intermediates. Control experiments and computational studies based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to gain deeper insight into the mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein we report a catalyst, metal and additive free generation of carbonyl ylides by blue LED irradiation of aryl diazoacetates in presence of aldehydes. The resulting ylides underwent [3+2] cycloaddition with substituted maleimides present in the reaction mixture to afford 4, 6‐dioxo‐hexahydro‐1H‐furo[3, 4‐c] pyrrole in excellent yields. Fifty compounds were synthesized based on this scaffold. Molecular docking indicated them to be potential poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. Screening a representative member of the library against PARP‐1 enzyme revealed a few potential inhibitors with IC50 of 600–700 nM. The phenotypic screening against MCF7, A549 and HepG2 cells furthermore indicated that these compounds selectively inhibit the proliferation of A549, HeLa and HepG2 cells with IC50 of 1–2 μM. The mechanism of action of the most active compound at the cellular level was investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this manuscript, we studied a quasi‐linear hyperbolic system of partial differential equations which describes the one‐dimensional adiabatic unsteady flow behind a strong cylindrical shock wave propagating in a rotating non‐ideal gas, which has a varying azimuthal fluid velocity together with a varying axial fluid velocity, with radiation heat flux, and similarity solutions are obtained by using the Lie group‐theoretic method. The basic idea of this method is that it changes the system of PDEs representing the one‐dimensional flow through the similarity variable to the system of ODEs. The flow profiles are drawn behind the shock followed by a brief discussion on the behavior of the solutions via graphs. The effects of variation in non‐ideal parameter, adiabatic index of the gas, Alfven–Mach number and ambient azimuthal velocity exponent on the flow variables are described. All numerical calculations have been performed using the "Mathematica" software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Their results involve the CLV3 peptide as well as CLV1 and CLV2/CRN receptors that promote auxin-dependent primordium initiation, likely by inducing I YUCCA i auxin biosynthesis genes. Keywords: auxin; morphogenesis; plant development; regeneration; single-cell transcriptomics EN auxin morphogenesis plant development regeneration single-cell transcriptomics 1729 1731 3 11/06/23 20231201 NES 231201 After having spent over 2 years mostly online due to the COVID-19 outbreak, the Mechanism of Plant Development Conference 2022 renewed our ability to meet and engage in-person with fantastic scientists from across the field of plant development. Auxin, morphogenesis, plant development, regeneration, single-cell transcriptomics. [Extracted from the article]

In this manuscript, the propagation of strong shock wave in a non‐ideal gas in the presence of azimuthal magnetic field with rotational effect is examined by using the Lie group of invariance technique with an assumption of uniform density in the undisturbed medium, whereas the azimuthal component of the fluid velocity and magnetic field are supposed to vary. The main advantage of this method is to reduce the number of independent variables by one. We obtained a special class of self‐similar solutions to the problem, and the flow profiles are depicted graphically behind the shock followed by a brief discussion on the behavior of solutions through graphs. The effects of variation in non‐ideal parameter, adiabatic index of the gas, Alfven–Mach number and ambient azimuthal velocity exponent on the flow variables are presented. All numerical calculations have been done using the "Mathematica"software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein we have reported the discovery of a pentacyclic building block comprised of fused indole‐quinoline and piperidinone from the natural product perophoramidine as a formidable anticancer agent. The compounds were synthesized in six steps where the key steps involved a blue LED mediated intramolecular cyclopropanation of the indole intermediates and concomitant reduction of the associated aryl nitro moiety to nitroso in the molecule. Cytotoxicity screening of the compounds against an array of cancer cells that is, MCF7, HCT116 and A549 demonstrated 0.6 to 9 μM IC50s by few of the compounds. γH2AX immunofluorescence assay of the two most potent molecules from the phenotypic screening with anti‐γ‐H2AX Alexa Fluor 488 antibody revealed extensive DNA damage of the A549 cells which indicated probable PARP inhibition (similar to Perophoramidine). Through molecular docking and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation studies the binding efficiency of our compounds with poly(ADP‐ribose)polymerase 1 (PARP 1) enzyme was determined. Chemiluminescent PARP Assay with Histone‐coated strips indicated that the most active compounds from the phenotypic screening induced PARP‐1 inhibition with IC50s of 1.3→1.5 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transcriptional control of gene expression is an exquisitely regulated process in both animals and plants. Transcription factors (TFs) and the regulatory networks that drive the expression of TF genes in epidermal and subepidermal cell layers in Arabidopsis are unexplored. Here, we identified 65 TF genes enriched in the epidermal and subepidermal cell layers of the shoot apical meristem (SAM). To determine the cell type specificity in different stages of Arabidopsis development, we made YFP based transcriptional fusion constructs by taking a 3‐kb upstream noncoding region above the translation start site. Here, we report that for ~52% (22/42) TF genes, we detected transcription activity. TF genes derived from epidermis show uniform expression in early embryo development; however, in the late globular stage, their transcription activity is suppressed in the inner cell layers. Expression patterns linked to subepidermal cell layer identity were apparent in the postembryonic development. Potential upstream regulators that could modulate the activity of epidermal and subepidermal cell layer‐enriched TF genes were identified using enhanced yeast‐one‐hybrid (eY1H) assay and validated. This study describes the activation of TF genes in epidermal and subepidermal cell layers in embryonic and postembryonic development of Arabidopsis shoot apex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammation is involved in regulation of cellular events in prostate carcinogenesis through control of the tumour micro-environment. A variety of bone marrow-derived cells, including CD4+ lymphocytes, macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, are integral components of the tumour micro-environment., On activation by inflammatory cytokines, NF-κ B complexes are capable of promoting tumour cell survival through anti-apoptotic signalling in prostate cancer ( PCa). Positive feedback loops are able to maintain NF-κ B activation., NF-κ B activation is also associated with the metastatic phenotype and PCa progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer ( CRPC)., A novel role for inhibitor of NF-κ B kinase ( IKK)-α in NF-κ B-independent PCa progression to metastasis and CRPC has recently been uncovered, providing a new mechanistic link between inflammation and PCa. Expansion of PCa progenitors by IKK-α may be involved in this process., In this review, we offer the latest evidence regarding the role of the NF-κ B pathway in PCa and discuss therapeutic attempts to target the NF-κ B pathways. We point out the need to further dissect inflammatory pathways in PCa in order to develop appropriate preventive measures and design novel therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regulatory mechanism of Src tyrosine kinases includes conformational activation by a change in the catalytic domain tertiary structure and in domain-domain contacts between the catalytic domain and the SH2/SH3 regulatory domains. The kinase is activated when tyrosine phosphorylation occurs on the activation loop, but without phosphorylation of the C-terminal tail. Activation also occurs by allostery when contacts between the catalytic domain (CD) and the regulatory SH3 and SH2 domains are released as a result of exogenous protein binding. The aim of this work is to examine the proposed role of an electrostatic network in the conformational transition and to elucidate the molecular mechanism for long-range, allosteric conformational activation by using a combination of experimental enzyme kinetics and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. Salt dependence of the induction phase is observed in kinetic assays and supports the role of an electrostatic network in the transition. In addition, simulations provide evidence that allosteric activation involves a concerted motion coupling highly conserved residues, and spanning several nanometers from the catalytic site to the regulatory domain interface to communicate between the CD and the regulatory domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]