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α‐Dicarbonyl compounds (α‐DCs) are readily produced during the heating and storage of foods, mainly through the Maillard reaction, caramelization, lipid‐peroxidation, and enzymatic reaction. They contribute to both the organoleptic properties (i.e., aroma, taste, and color) and deterioration of foods and are potential indicators of food quality. α‐DCs are also important precursors to hazardous substances, such as acrylamide, furan, advanced lipoxidation end products, and advanced glycation end products, which are genotoxic, neurotoxic, and linked to several diseases. Recent studies have indicated that dietary α‐DCs can elevate plasma α‐DC levels and lead to "dicarbonyl stress." To accurately assess their health risks, quantifying α‐DCs in food products is crucial. Considering their low volatility, inability to absorb ultraviolet light, and high reactivity, the analysis of α‐DCs in complex food systems is a challenge. In this review, we comprehensively cover the development of scientific approaches, from extraction, enrichment, and derivatization, to sophisticated detection techniques, which are necessary for quantifying α‐DCs in different foods. Exposure to α‐DCs is inevitable because they exist in most foods. Recently, novel strategies for reducing α‐DC levels in foods have become a hot research topic. These strategies include the use of new processing technologies, formula modification, and supplementation with α‐DC scavengers (e.g., phenolic compounds). For each strategy, it is important to consider the potential mechanisms underlying the formation and removal of process contaminants. Future studies are needed to develop techniques to control α‐DC formation during food processing, and standardized approaches are needed to quantify and compare α‐DCs in different foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with rosacea often complained of low tolerance to skincare. Aim: To examine if the preexisted low tolerance to skincare is associated with rosacea the occurrence of the Chinese population. Methods: A retrospective case‐control survey of 997 rosacea cases and 1012 skin‐healthy controls was carried out in China. Low tolerance to skincare was evaluated based on the history of facial skin allergic reactions related to skincare in the past 5 years before the onset of rosacea. A comparative analysis was performed between the case and control groups by the chi‐square test and the logistic regression analysis. Results: History of facial skin allergic reaction due to skin care products (OR = 5.110, 95% CI = 3.893–6.706) and skin care in beauty salons (OR = 3.002, 95% CI = 1.506–5.981) both presented a positive correlations with the occurrence of rosacea. Facial masks and cosmetics were two of the most common products causing facial allergic reaction. The OR values increased with the increased frequency of allergic reactions related to facial mask and cosmetics. In addition, the history of facial skin allergic reaction had a significantly associated with the severity of self‐reported symptoms of rosacea including dryness, burning, stinging and itching. Conclusions: The condition of low tolerance of the facial skin to skincare was closely associated with the occurrence of rosacea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Microbial fermentation as an excellent food processing technology has been used for improving the flavour and nutritional feature of food material. In this study, we compared the differences in the nutrient profile of bee pollen (rape bee pollen, Brassica campestris L., BP) fermented with different species of microbes, such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB), yeast, and the two mixed. Based on the nutritional components and multivariate statistical analysis, yeast fermentation has more advantage for BP than fermentation with LAB or mixed microbes. The yeast‐fermented BP has an 83.5% reduction in fructose and 87.4% reduction in glucose, while phenolic compounds, oligopeptides and fatty acids were increased by 9.3%, 68.8% and 18.2%, respectively, compared with the BP without fermentation. The contents of riboflavin, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide and free amino acids in the pollen fermented by yeast were 2.4, 39.6, 4.6 and 4.8 times higher than those in raw BP, respectively. Additionally, in the fermentation process, wall‐breaking pollen showed more advantages in the transformation of nutrients, free amino acid increased by 11% at least, more low molecular weight peptides produced and nicotinic acid and nicotinamide increased by 7% at least, compared with fermented BP. Taken together, these results showed that BP with yeast fermentation has great potential in obtaining high available nutritional products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effects of He irradiation on polycrystalline yttria-stabilized zirconia ( YSZ) are studied with the focus on irradiation-induced damage buildup, He behavior, and volume swelling. The evolution of irradiation-induced structural damage in polycrystalline YSZ, which is independent of grain orientation, is described by a multistep damage accumulation model. A three-step damage evolution process was found, and different types of defects were observed in the different damage steps. Compared with single-crystal YSZ, the second damage step occurs at a lower dose in polycrystalline YSZ due to the initial defects and strain. The implanted He ions are readily trapped along the grain boundaries and the mobility of He ions is greatly increased. The enhanced He mobility along the grain boundary leads to a lower threshold irradiation dose and a larger penetration depth for bubble formation. Similar morphologies are observed for the He bubbles in the polycrystalline YSZ and in single-crystal YSZ, and the formation of He bubbles in polycrystalline YSZ is not influenced by grain orientation. As both the extended defects and He bubbles can induce volume swelling, the variation in volume swelling as a function of dose can be divided into a two stage process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To evaluate the effect of serious periventricular white matter injury ( PWMI) on the voiding patterns of preterm infants. Methods Free voiding was continuously observed for eight hours in 19 preterm infants with serious PWMI and 16 infants without PWMI. The infants had a gestational age of 32-35 weeks and a postnatal age of 9-15 days. Voiding frequency, voided volume, postvoid residual volume, empty voiding, awake voiding and interrupted voiding were recorded and compared between the two groups of infants. Results The voiding frequency ((5.1 ± 1.0) vs. (7.0 ± 1.1)), awake voiding percentage ((23 ± 11)% vs. (42 ± 7)%) and empty voiding percentage (lower quartile = 16% vs. 28%, median = 20% vs. 33%, upper quartile = 28% vs. 40%) were significantly lower, while the voided volume ((19.9 ± 6.6) m L vs.(15.9 ± 5.3) m L)and postvoid residual volume (lower quartile = 1 m L. vs. 0 m L., median = 3 m L. vs. 2 m L., upper quartile = 3 m L. vs. 2 m L.) were significantly higher in the injured preterm infants, compared with the healthy infants (p < 0.05). Conclusion Serious PWMI has a significant effect on the voiding pattern of preterm infants, and the senior nerve centre plays a role in the voiding reflex of preterm infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives/Hypothesis: To investigate the potential usefulness of indirect computed tomography lymphography (CT-LG) with iopamidol in the detection of cervical lymph node metastases in a VX2 rabbit tongue cancer model. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty-seven rabbits were randomly divided into control (n = 7) and tongue tumor-bearing (n = 30) groups. In the control group, indirect CT-LG was performed with 0.5- and 0.25-mL injections of iopamidol in the right and left tongue submucosa, respectively. In the tumor-bearing group, indirect CT-LG with 0.5 mL of iopamidol was performed on day 11 (n = 8), 14 (n = 8), 21 (n = 8), or 28 (n = 6) after carcinoma transplant. The correlation between indirect CT-LG and histopathology was investigated. Results: In normal rabbits, oval or round enhanced cervical lymph nodes in each side of the neck were visualized by indirect CT-LG. In tumor-bearing rabbits, one enhanced lymph node on each side of the neck was visualized with or without filling defects in all rabbits except two on day 28 in which lymph nodes were not enhanced. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values for using filling defects on CT-LG as a diagnostic criterion were 77.4%, 77.8%, 77.6%, 80%, and 75%, respectively. Indirect CT-LG detected 84.6% of 2- to 6-mm intranodal tumor deposits. Conclusions: Indirect CT-LG may be useful for differentiating metastatic from nonmetastatic lymph nodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]