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This paper investigates the prescribed performance adaptive fault‐tolerant control problem for nonlinear systems with actuator faults and input dead‐zone (IDZ). The partial loss of effectiveness fault and bias fault are considered. First, the asymmetric nonlinear IDZ is transformed into an affine function in the backstepping process. Second, the radial basis function neural network technique is applied to deal with the unknown uncertainty of the studied system. The state observer is designed to estimate the unmeasurable states in the nonlinear systems. Third, a fault‐tolerant controller is developed such that all signals are semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded for the closed‐loop system, and the tracking error remains within the specified performance requirements even though the actuator faults and IDZ occur. Finally, an electromechanical system example is provided to exhibit the utilizability of the obtained control technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The comorbidity between diabetes mellitus and depression was revealed, and diabetes mellitus increased the prevalence of depressive disorder, which ranked 13th in the leading causes of disability‐adjusted life‐years. Insulin resistance, which is common in diabetes mellitus, has increased the risk of depressive symptoms in both humans and animals. However, the mechanisms behind the comorbidity are multi‐factorial and complicated. There is still no causal chain to explain the comorbidity exactly. Moreover, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, insulin and metformin, which are recommended for treating diabetes mellitus‐induced depression, were found to be a risk factor in some complications of diabetes. Aims: Given these problems, many researchers made remarkable efforts to analyze diabetes complicating depression from different aspects, including insulin resistance, stress and Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal axis, neurological system, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Drug therapy, such as Hydrogen Sulfide, Cannabidiol, Ascorbic Acid and Hesperidin, are conducive to alleviating diabetes mellitus and depression. Here, we reviewed the exact pathophysiology underlying the comorbidity between depressive disorder and diabetes mellitus and drug therapy. Methods: The review refers to the available literature in PubMed and Web of Science, searching critical terms related to diabetes mellitus, depression and drug therapy. Results: In this review, we found that brain structure and function, neurogenesis, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and glucose and lipid metabolism were involved in the pathophysiology of the comorbidity. Obesity might lead to diabetes mellitus and depression through reduced adiponectin and increased leptin and resistin. In addition, drug therapy displayed in this review could expand the region of potential therapy. Conclusions: The review summarizes the mechanisms underlying the comorbidity. It also overviews drug therapy with anti‐diabetic and anti‐depressant effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treating the most widespread complication of diabetes: diabetic wounds poses a significant clinical obstacle due to the intricate nature of wound healing in individuals with diabetes. Here a novel approach is proposed using easily applicable injectable gelatin/metal/tea polyphenol double nanonetworks, which effectively remodel the wound microenvironment and accelerates the healing process. The gelatin(Gel) crosslink with metal ions (Zr4+) through the amino acids, imparting advantageous mechanical properties like self‐healing, injectability, and adhesion. The nanonetwork's biological functions are further enhanced by incorporating the tea polyphenol metal nanonetwork through in situ doping of the epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) with great antibacterial, self‐healing, antioxidant, and anticancer capabilities. The in vitro and in vivo tests show that this double nanonetworks hydrogel exhibits faster cell migration and favorable anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties and can greatly reshape the microenvironment of diabetic wounds and accelerate the wound healing rate. In addition, this hydrogel is completely degraded after subcutaneous injection for 7 days, with nondetectable cytotoxicity in H&E staining of major mice organs and the serum level of liver function indicators. Considering the above‐mentioned merits of this hydrogel, it is believed that the injectable gelatin/metal/tea polyphenol double nanonetworks have broad biomedical potential, especially in diabetic wound repair and tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic luminophores with high emission efficiency in solution as well as solid‐state have received increasing attention due to their promising applications in biosensors, biological imaging, and optoelectronic devices. Herein, four triphenylamine (TPA)‐substituted boron ketoimine molecules (TPA‐BKI a‐d) are designed and synthesized by combining a donor‐acceptor (D‐A) electronic system and highly twisted block. The asymmetry of molecular and the planarity of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) sides in the excited state endow TPA‐BKI a‐d with rigidified conformations, allowing bright emission in dilute solution. Additionally, their highly twisted structures avoid close contact between molecules and detrimental exciton interactions, leading to efficient emission in the solid state. Meanwhile, the emission colors are modulated by the incorporation of different substituents through the amino‐yne click reaction. Furthermore, because of the protonation and deprotonation of the amino substituents, TPA‐BKI‐d exhibits reversible alterations of optical properties in both solution and solid states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Membrane trafficking pathways mediate key microglial activities such as cell migration, cytokine secretion, and phagocytosis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. Previously, we found that synaptotagmin‐11 (Syt11), a non‐Ca2+‐binding Syt associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) and schizophrenia, inhibits cytokine release and phagocytosis in primary microglia. Here we reported the in vivo function of Syt11 in microglial immune responses using an inducible microglia‐specific Syt11‐conditional‐knockout (cKO) mouse strain. Syt11‐cKO resulted in activation of microglia and elevated mRNA levels of IL‐6, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and iNOS in various brain regions under both resting state and LPS‐induced acute inflammation state in adult mice. In a PD mouse model generated by microinjection of preformed α‐synuclein fibrils into the striatum, a reduced number of microglia migrated toward the injection sites and an enhanced phagocytosis of α‐synuclein fibrils by microglia were found in Syt11‐cKO mice. To understand the molecular mechanism of Syt11 function, we identified its direct binding proteins vps10p‐tail‐interactor‐1a (vti1a) and vti1b. The linker domain of Syt11 interacted with both proteins and a peptide derived from it competitively inhibited the interaction of Syt11 with vti1a/vti1b in vitro and in cells. Importantly, application of this peptide induced more cytokine secretion in wild‐type microglia upon LPS treatment, phenocopying defects in Syt11 knockdown cells. Altogether, we propose that Syt11 inhibits microglial activation in vivo and regulates cytokine secretion through interactions with vti1a and vti1b. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, the effects of Ni content on the microstructure, microhardness, and in‐site local corrosion behavior of laser‐welded joints in dual‐phase steel are investigated. The experimental results indicate that the microstructure of the fusion zone (FZ) changes from martensite to austenite as the Ni content increases. The FZ hardnesses of the 0Ni (no Ni foil addition) and 50Ni (50 μm Ni foil) welded joints are higher than that of the 100Ni (100 μm Ni foil) welded joints because of the austenite in the 100Ni welded joint. The welded joint without Ni shows severe pitting corrosion (more than 15 pitting sites in each zone of the welded joint) at the tested corrosion time. However, when immersed in the corrosion solution, the welded joints with added Ni exhibit slight pitting corrosion (less than five pitting sites). The Ni addition inhibits the pitting corrosion of the welded joints of high‐strength dual‐phase steel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three‐arm star polymethacrylates with dual‐phase (solution and solid‐state) fluorescent emission have been synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using a triphenylamine‐derived organboron complex (TAPA‐BKI‐3Br) as initiator. The as‐synthesized three‐arm star polymethacrylates exhibited bright emission in both solution and the solid states due to the highly twisted structure and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) effect of TAPA‐BKI core, as well as the steric effect and restriction of intramolecular motions from the polymer arms. And the polymer chains have an important influence on the photophysical behavior of the as‐synthesized three‐arm star polymethacrylates in the aggregated state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a broadband dipole antenna with filtering function is proposed. The proposed antenna as a whole comprises a reflector, coaxial cables, a main radiator, and a cross‐center structure. First, two orthogonal dipoles are used as the main radiator and form dual‐polarization. By adding Y‐shaped branches and a cross‐center structure, the base station antenna realizes the filtering function and expands bandwidth. The antenna has filtering function on both sides of the operating frequency band, and the out‐of‐band radiation suppression can be 16 dB at the upper band. The radiation null can be controlled independently by the additional structure. And the parasitic structure has little effect on the realized gain in the operating frequency band. The measurement results show that the relative operating bandwidth of the proposed antenna exceeds 54%, and the isolation between ports is greater than 27 dB. In the operating frequency band, the realized gain is relatively flat, and the HPBW is in the range of 67.3° ± 2.6°. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interlayer excitons (IXs) are demonstrated in two‐dimensional (2D) perovskite/transition‐metal dichalcogenide (TMD) heterostructures regardless of the lattice match, momentum mismatch, and thermal annealing processes. The broad selection of 2D perovskites and TMDs together with the robust interlayer coupling between constituent layers make 2D perovskite/TMD heterostructures an attractive platform for studying IXs. However, studies on IXs in 2D perovskite/TMD heterostructures are still in their infancy, and how the organic cation affects the IXs in 2D perovskite/TMD heterostructures remains elusive. Herein, this article reports on IXs emission from heterostructures consisting of monolayer WSe2 and 2D perovskites with different organic cations. Notably, by temperature‐dependent photoluminescence studies on (EA)2PbI4/WSe2 and (PEA)2PbI4/WSe2 heterostructures (EA = ethylamine and PEA = phenylethylammonium), it is found that the organic cations of 2D perovskites can effectively change the exciton binding energy of the IXs and thus the emission peak of the IXs. The observed difference can be ascribed to the significant dielectric constant difference between their organic cations. Furthermore, the change in the organic cations can also affect the dipole–dipole interaction and lifetime of IXs. The findings provide critical insights into the 2D perovskite/TMD heterointerfaces and also open up new opportunities for exploiting tunable exciton devices based on IXs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polar codes have received widespread attention because of their excellent performance. However, although successive cancellation (SC)‐based decoding algorithms have achieved excellent error correction performance, they still encounter large time delays in decoding because a serial decoding structure is employed. At present, a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is used to judge whether the decoding result of a frame is erroneous. To obtain such a result, the decoder has to wait until the end of decoding. In this work, a judgement strategy for error frames using frozen bits is proposed. With the proposed strategy, the recognition of erroneously decoded frames can be achieved based on the error state of the frozen bits in this frame. Accordingly, early termination of decoding can be realized. By using this mechanism, the strategy can also be applied in the SC List algorithm to prune the path. In addition, the SC Flip decoding algorithm can also use the proposed strategy to help find the first error message bit. The experimental results show that at least 85% of the frames decoded erroneously can be recognized by the proposed strategy so that decoding can be terminated in advance and computational resources can be saved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the effect of secondary cytoreductive surgery (SeCRS) plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed a prospective database. We collected information of 389 patients who were diagnosed with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer. All patients underwent SeCRS with or without HIPEC. Overall survival and progression‐free survival (PFS) were used to evaluate the treatment effectiveness. Results: Of the 389 patients collected, 123 underwent primary or interval cytoreductive surgery at initial treatment and SeCRS at recurrence (Group A), 130 underwent primary or interval cytoreductive surgery at initial and SeCRS plus HIPEC at recurrence (Group B), and 136 underwent primary or interval cytoreductive surgery plus HIPEC at initial and SeCRS plus HIPEC at recurrence (Group C). The median overall survival for Groups A, B, and C were 49.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 47.6–50.5), 56.0 months (95% CI: 54.2–57.7), and 64.4 months (95% CI: 63.1–65.6), respectively. The median PFS for Groups A, B, and C were 13.1 months (95% CI: 12.6–13.5), 15.0 months (95% CI: 14.2–15.7), and 16.8 months (95% CI: 16.1–17.4), respectively. There were no significant difference in incidence and grade of adverse events among groups. Conclusions: This study suggested that SeCRS plus HIPEC followed by chemotherapy resulted in longer overall survival and PFS than only SeCRS followed by chemotherapy in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer, especially in patients who were treated with repeat HIPEC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TVAI) is a widely used treatment modality for severe aortic stenosis. The complication rates of the procedure have gradually decreased over time, owing to the improvements in procedural skills and development of TVAI devices. However, several rare but serious complications can still occur after TAVI. We recently encountered acute decompensated heart failure as a rare and fatal complication of TAVI and would like to share our experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the compensating mediating mechanism of resilience in the relationship between loneliness and life satisfaction in Thai and Chinese college students during a risk period of coronavirus disease 2019 transmission. A total of 262 Thai and 247 Chinese college students were enrolled in the study between December 2020 and January 2021. A measurement model was constructed with the items of loneliness, resilience, and life satisfaction by using structural equation models. Subsequently, structural mediating models were constructed according to the valid items and a multigroup comparison was performed. The relationship between loneliness and life satisfaction differed significantly between Thai and Chinese college students as a result of the mediating effect of resilience. Resilience in Thai college students partly compensated for the negative influence of loneliness on life satisfaction, and resilience in Chinese college students compensated completely for the negative influence of loneliness on life satisfaction. Highlights: Resilience in Thai college students partially compensated for the negative influence of loneliness on life satisfaction.Resilience in Chinese college students fully compensated for the negative effect of loneliness on life satisfaction.Thai college students perceived much stronger feelings of loneliness with a greater negative effect on their life satisfaction than did the Chinese college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image recognition on deep neural network is vulnerable to adversarial sample attacks. The adversarial attack accuracy is low when only limited queries on the target are allowed with the current black box environment. This paper proposes a target adversarial attack algorithm discrete cosine transform‐mean target feature attack (DTFA) based on the target features and a limited‐area sampling method. The algorithm first examines the original image and a target image to generate an initial adversarial example. Then the disturbance is sampled from the low‐frequency region intercepted by Gaussian noise after discrete cosine transform. The authors determine the size of the disturbance according to the difference between the adversarial example and the original image with consideration of the number of iterations and the position of the target feature region. The disturbance is applied on the initial adversarial example to generate the new adversarial example with the difference from the original image reduced. To evaluate the proposed algorithm, based on the common image classification model InceptionV3, and with identical queries accessing the same target model, the authors conduct experiments to compare the attack effectiveness of DTFA and the benchmark algorithms on the same image and target datasets. Experimental results show that the generated adversarial examples by the proposed algorithm are superior to 94% of those by the similar attack algorithms with less than 10,000 access queries on the target model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a small series of 3‐pyrrolin‐2‐ones was efficiently synthesized through a three‐step Ugi cascade sequence. This method features readily available substrates, simple aqueous workup procedures and good yields, dramatically improving generality of reaction. Importantly, the newly product N‐benzyl‐2‐(3‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐4‐methyl‐2‐oxo‐2,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrol‐1‐yl)‐2‐phen‐ylacetamide exhibited potent anti‐proliferation in prostate cancer cell line through G1/S cell cycle arrest and targeted in PI3K/AKT/TSC2 signal pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Argpyrimidine (APMD), a methylglyoxal‐arginine‐derived product, is one of the main products of diabetes mellitus. We aimed to systematically investigate the role of APMD in regulating autophagy activity, with a specific focus on the finding of APDM binding molecule, matching amino acid residues, autophagy flux and proteins, cell cycle arrest, cell skeleton and migration, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, inflammatory signals, alveolar bone destruction, and inhibition verification. In this study, binding to 59/94/121 amino acid residues of advanced glycosylation end product receptor (RAGE), APMD suppressed PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to attenuate cell survival of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). Simultaneously, autophagy proteins ATG5, Beclin1, and LC3‐II/I expression ratio were upregulated while P62/SQSTM was downregulated. Cell cycle arrested at G0/G1 with enhancing Cyclin D1/CDK4 and decreasing Cyclin A/CDK2 expression. Inhibition of autophagy abrogated APMD‐induced cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, the inflammation regulation network of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2, MMP‐9, MAPKs and NF‐κB pathways were activated by APMD. Rat periodontal models confirmed that APMD induced alveolar bone resorption, increased inflammatory infiltrates, and degraded collagen fibers through RAGE and PI3K. APMD‐induced autophagy, G0/G1 arrest, pro‐inflammatory signals activating and periodontal destruction were reversed by RAGE knockdown while aggravated by PI3K inhibitor. This study provides the first evidence that APMD bind to RAGE to regulate autophagy and cell cycle of PDLCs through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, thereby promoting periodontal destruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The successive cancellation flip (SC Flip) decoding algorithm was recently suggested for decoding polar codes, which could improve the performance of the frame error rate (FER). The performance of the SC Flip (SCF) decoding algorithm is strong, and its computational complexity tends to be the same as that of the SC decoder at medium to high signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs). However, the decoding latency of the SCF decoding algorithm is large. In this paper, a new method for detecting whether or not the flipped bit is correct is proposed. The proposed method makes a decision according to the changing log likelihood ratio (LLR) value caused by the flipped bit to ensure that the decoding process can be terminated in advance and the decoding latency is reduced. The simulation results show that the proposed Latency‐Reduced SCF decoding algorithm can decrease computational complexity and decoding latency, while also achieving similar decoding performance compared to its counterpart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The alkylation of ketones or secondary alcohols using alcohols as alkylating agents via hydrogen borrowing strategy presents a powerful method for the synthesis of ɑ‐alkylated ketones. In this review, we summarize the progress catalyzed by Ir, Pd, Rh, Ru, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu catalysts for the α‐alkylation of ketones with alcohols and cross‐coupling of secondary alcohols with alcohols from 2017 to 2021. A wide range of ketones (aromatic and aliphatic ketones) and alcohols (benzylic and aliphatic primary alcohols, aromatic and aliphatic secondary alcohols, alkenyl alcohols, and diols) are well tolerated. Furthermore, we also discuss current challenges and propose perspectives on the coming development in this filed. The objective of the present review is to give an overview on recent advances for α‐alkylation of ketones with alcohols and β‐alkylation of secondary alcohols with alcohols. Finally, we hope that this review will give inspirations on alkylation of ketones or secondary alcohols with alcohols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Similar to the canonical antiferroelectric (AFE) compound PbZrO3 in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 solid‐solutions, the presence of double hysteresis loops and that of electric field–induced phase transitions are important characteristics of NaNbO3 AFE materials; yet the phase transition behavior in the latter system is typically irreversible with the related mechanisms not fully understood. Here, we explore the phase transition mechanism of ferroelectric and AFE phases in NaNbO3 based on measurements of single crystals with different directions in conjunction with density‐functional theory (DFT) calculations. The tilting and distortion behaviors of the [NbO6] octahedra are explained by DFT, and the ion displacement in the lattice is traced. The tilting and distortion behaviors of the [NbO6] octahedra with different orientations are compared. We confirm that the tilt and distortion of the [NbO6] octahedra along the [1 1 1] direction is the main reason to improve the stability of AFE phase. This conclusion is verified by the experimental characterizations of large‐size NaNbO3 single crystals successfully obtained in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To study the role of sclerostin in periodontal ligament (PDL) as a homeostatic regulator in biophysical‐force‐induced tooth movement (BFTM). Materials and Methods: BFTM was performed in rats, followed by microarray, immunofluorescence, in situ hybridization, and real‐time polymerase chain reaction for the detection and identification of the molecules. The periodontal space was analysed via micro‐computed tomography. Effects on osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption were evaluated in the bone‐marrow‐derived cells in mice. In vitro human PDL cells were subjected to biophysical forces. Results: In the absence of BFTM, sclerostin was hardly detected in the periodontium except in the PDL and alveolar bone in the furcation region and apex of the molar roots. However, sclerostin was up‐regulated in the PDL in vivo by adaptable force, which induced typical transfiguration without changes in periodontal space as well as in vitro PDL cells under compression and tension. In contrast, the sclerostin level was unaffected by heavy force, which caused severe degeneration of the PDL and narrowed periodontal space. Sclerostin inhibited osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, which corroborates the accelerated tooth movement by the heavy force. Conclusions: Sclerostin in PDL may be a key homeostatic molecule in the periodontium and a biological target for the therapeutic modulation of BFTM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tellurium (Te) recently attracts much attention owing to its peculiar band structure arousing high‐efficiency thermoelectricity and layered crystal structure suitable for band engineering. Herein, the temperature evolution of band structure and lattice vibration in Te single crystal are studied by mid‐and‐far infrared transmission (7500–370 and 680–30 cm−1) and Raman spectra measurements. Mid‐infrared absorption spectra confirm Te is a narrow indirect gap semiconductor, in which the direct (indirect) bandgap is about 0.333 (0.325) eV, the two upper valence bands (H4 and H5) and the third valence band (H6) being about 0.333, 0.42, and 0.76 eV, respectively, below the conduction‐band minima at 5 K. Meanwhile, the direct and indirect gaps of Te reveal non‐monotonic variation from 5 to 290 K due to the competition between electron–phonon interaction and lattice thermal expansion, which is well described by the modified Manoogian–Leclerc model. Moreover, the temperature evolution of Raman and far‐infrared transmission spectra proves there are two kinds of phonons in Te, which originates from the different thermal expansion of Te atoms along parallel and vertical directions of spiral chain. Thus, the anisotropic thermal expansion in Te is indicated and a reference for studying thermoelectricity of Te‐based optoelectronic devices is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: The conversion of CF3‐alkenes to gem‐difluoroalkenes using reductive cross‐coupling strategy has received much attention in recent years, however, the use of green and readily available reducing salt to mediate these reactions remains to be explored. In this work, a concise construction of gem‐difluoroalkenes, which requires neither a catalyst nor a metal reducing agent, was established. Rongalite, a safe and inexpensive industrial product, was employed as both a radical initiator and reductant. This procedure was compatible with both linear and cyclic diaryliodonium salts, enabling a wide variety of substrates (>70 examples). The utility of this approach was demonstrated through gram‐scale synthesis and efficient late‐stage functionalizations of anti‐inflammatory drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuronal primary cilia are crucial for body weight maintenance. Type III adenylyl cyclase (AC3) is abundantly enriched in neuronal cilia, and mice with global AC3 ablation are obese. However, whether AC3 regulates body weight through its ciliary expression and the mechanism underlying this potential regulation are not clear. In this study, humanized AC3 knock‐in mice that are resistant to high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obesity are generated, and increases in the number and length of cilia in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) are shown. It is demonstrated that mice with specifically knocked down ciliary AC3 expression in the VMH show pronounced HFD‐induced obesity. In addition, in vitro and in vivo analyses of the VMH show that ciliary AC3 regulates autophagy by binding an autophagy‐related gene, gamma‐aminobutyric acid A receptor‐associated protein (GABARAP). Mice with GABARAP knockdown in the VMH exhibit exacerbated HFD‐induced obesity. Overall, the findings may reveal a potential mechanism by which ciliary AC3 expression regulates body weight in the mouse VMH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emulation of photonic synapses through photo‐recordable devices has aroused tremendous discussion owing to the low energy consumption, high parallel, and fault‐tolerance in artificial neuromorphic networks. Nonvolatile flash‐type photomemory with short photo‐programming time, long‐term storage, and linear plasticity becomes the most promising candidate. Nevertheless, the systematic studies of mechanism behind the charge transfer process in photomemory are limited. Herein, the physical properties of APbBr3 perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) on the photoresponsive characteristics of derived poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT)/PQDs‐based photomemory through facile A‐site substitution approach are explored. Benefitting from the lowest valance band maximum and longest exciton lifetime of FAPbBr3 quantum dot (FA‐QDs), P3HT/FA‐QDs‐derived photomemory not only exhibits shortest photoresponsive characteristic time compared to FA0.5Cs0.5PbBr3 quantum dots (Mix‐QDs) and CsPbBr3 quantum dots (Cs‐QDs) but also displays excellent ON/OFF current ratio of 2.2 upon an extremely short illumination duration of 1 ms. Moreover, the device not only achieves linear plasticity of synapses by optical potentiation and electric depression, but also successfully emulates the features of photon synaptic such as pair‐pulse facilitation, long‐term plasticity, and multiple spike‐dependent plasticity and exhibits extremely low energy consumption of 3 × 10−17 J per synaptic event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bifunctional fluorescence probe (PCT) based on 2‐Hydroxy‐1‐naphthaldehyde and thiosemicarbazide was developed. The probe PCT can selectively detect Ag+ and Al3+ with two clear fluorescence color changes from colorless to yellow and blue violet, respectively. According to the Job's plots and mass spectrum, the binding stoichiometry of the probe PCT with Ag+ and Al3+ was 1 : 1, respectively. Moreover, the detection limit values of PCT for Ag+ and Al3+ in neutral solutions were 1.97 and 1.63 nM and these values were remarkably lower than allowed Ag+ and Al3+ concentrations in potable water determined by the World Health Organization (WHO). The distinct different binding mode were elucidated in this paper. Finally, the probe PCT has been used successfully for the detection of Ag+ and Al3+ in real water samples, logic gate and test paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing deployment of wide-area monitoring systems (WAMS) and phasor measurement units (PMUs), along with artificial neural network (ANN) and highperformance distributed computation technique for smart grid and smart metering environment, online dynamic security assessment (DSA) plays a key role for early unstable event detection on power system security. It is especially important at a post-fault operation that the timing by DSA to detect an unstable event is critical to emergency remedial control action. However, excessive update training is one of the constraints for ANN to be effectively performed at pre-fault and post-fault operations on online DSA. This paper describes how transfer learning is successfully employed to shorten the training time for online DSA. It also helps to improve the validation accuracy if the training dataset of scratch ANN model is insufficient. Besides, a new approach of using the densely connected convolutional network with kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) is proposed to eliminate the traditional step of dimensionality reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global stabilization problem for a more extensive class of switched nonlinear systems is studied, in which control vector fields are allowed to vanish at some point, even for all the subsystems at the same time. The main work of this article is to design a control vector fields‐dependent switching law and a bounded switching controller to stabilize the switched nonlinear systems. First, a sufficient condition ensuring the global stabilization of such a class of switched nonlinear systems is developed by the dual design of controllers and a switching law. In some special cases, the designed switching law can rule out Zeno behavior. Then, as a verification of the proposed control design method, the global stabilization of switched strict‐feedback nonlinear systems with gk(x) vanishing at some points is obtained by the codesign of the control vector fields‐dependent switching law and the bounded switching controller. Finally, a switched RCL circuit system example is also provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a simple coaxial‐feed filtering patch antenna based on stub‐loaded resonator is investigated and analyzed. Owning to the addition of a pair of parasitic stubs, the original rectangular patch antenna acquires a new resonance point and an out‐side radiation null beyond the upper band edge. Then, by establishing a transverse path (introducing connected stubs), the radiating and filtering responses at lower band have been enhanced accordingly. In short, it operates like a three‐order filter with two‐constrained radiation nulls along the passband outside. The novel design has been verified by machining and testing, which meets the expected lately. A fractional bandwidth of 28% and a stable realized gain of 5.8 dBi in‐band are finally measured, and more it also reaches a higher radiation efficiency of 83%. Besides, it exhibits a unidirectional radiation pattern with a low‐cross polarization less than −20 dB in the boresight direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The patient was then diagnosed with cervical cancer post-operation, with radiation enterocolitis, intestinal obstruction, and SIIF. A computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a potential small intestinal obstruction, edema of the sigmoid colon and surrounding small intestinal wall, a potential abscess in the left iliopsoas, and retroperitoneal and pelvic exudation (Figure 5). To the Editor, Intestinal fistula (IF) is defined as an abnormal opening of the intestine that causes the leaking of intestinal contents, resulted in a series of pathophysiological issues.1 The etiology of IF can be congenital due to developmental defects, or be associated with inflammation, tumor, trauma, surgery, or radiochemotherapy-related complications.2,3 IF can be classified as high and low according to its location. Treatment experience of delayed massive gastrointestinal bleeding caused by intra-abdominal arteriointestinal fistula in gastric cancer patients after radical gastrectomy. [Extracted from the article]

Hypoxia‐induced apoptosis is linked to the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure. Ubiquitin‐specific peptidase 7 (USP7) is related to catabolic/pro‐apoptotic signaling. However, its role in cardiomyocyte injury is unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role and the underlying regulatory mechanism of USP7 in MI. H9c2 cardiomyocytes were cultured in hypoxia to establish an in vitro model of myocardial hypoxic/ischemic injury. Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats were used to establish animal models with MI. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and Western blot assays were performed to evaluate the expression levels of miR‐409‐5p, USP7, and p53, respectively. After USP7 and miR‐409‐5p were selectively regulated in H9c2 cells, the inflammatory response, apoptosis, and cell viability were detected by ELISA, flow cytometry, and MTT assay, respectively. The interaction between USP7 and miR‐409‐5p was determined by bioinformatics analysis, qRT‐PCR, Western blot, and dual‐luciferase reporter assay. LVEF, LVIDd, and LVIDs of rats after MI were also measured. USP7 expression was markedly elevated while miR‐409‐5p expression was significantly down‐regulated in H9c2 cells under hypoxic culture. Augmentation of USP7 expression led to a dramatic promotion of hypoxia‐induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, accompanied by an increase in the secretion of the cytokines IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and IL‐6. Myocardial injury markers LDH, cTnI, and CK‐MB expressions were also increased. Besides, overexpression of USP7 aggravated left ventricular remodeling and decreased left ventricular function of the rats. Conversely, the up‐regulation of miR‐409‐5p expression protected H9c2 cells from apoptosis and inhibited the release of cytokines and myocardial injury. Left ventricular remodeling and left ventricular function were also improved by miR‐409‐5p overexpression. Furthermore, USP7 was identified as a target of miR‐409‐5p and the overexpression of miR‐409‐5p reversed the effects of USP7 on H9c2 cells. USP7 exacerbates myocardial ischemic injury by promoting inflammation and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, and the up‐regulation of its expression is partly caused by the down‐regulation of miR‐409‐5p expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A front‐to‐back pattern‐reconfigurable circularly polarized (CP) antenna based on two pairs of planar complementary dipoles with back‐to‐back configuration is presented and implemented. The 8 p‐i‐n diodes are employed into the front and back printed dipole arms. The beam direction can be switched from front‐to‐back, and the left‐right circular polarization can also be changed at each beam direction individually, in which switches are controlled by the dc bias voltage loaded on both ends of the p‐i‐n diode. A prototype operating at 5.8 GHz is then fabricated and measured. Experimental results show that the overlapped bandwidth for 10‐dB return loss and 3‐dB axial ratio of the proposed antenna are from 5.75 to 5.88 (front) and 5.74 to 5.90 GHz (back) for the two pattern states. The presented antenna can be a well choice for ISM systems, which are widely applied in handheld medical terminal and signal detection system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bis‐urea‐functionalized ditopic subcomponent assembled with 2‐formylpyridine and FeII, resulting in a dynamic library of metal–organic assemblies: an irregular FeII4L6 structure and three FeII2L3 stereoisomers: left‐ and right‐handed helicates and a meso‐structure. This library reconfigured in response to the addition of monosaccharide derivatives, which served as guests for specific library members, and the rate of saccharide mutarotation was also enhanced by the library. The (P) enantiomer of the FeII2L3 helical structure bound β‐D‐glucose selectively over α‐D‐glucose. As a consequence, the library collapsed into the (P)‐FeII2L3 helicate following glucose addition. The α‐D‐glucose was likewise transformed into the β‐D‐anomer during equilibration and binding. Thus, β‐D‐glucose and (P)‐3 amplified each other in the product mixture, as metal–organic and saccharide libraries geared together into a single equilibrating system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bis‐urea‐functionalized ditopic subcomponent assembled with 2‐formylpyridine and FeII, resulting in a dynamic library of metal–organic assemblies: an irregular FeII4L6 structure and three FeII2L3 stereoisomers: left‐ and right‐handed helicates and a meso‐structure. This library reconfigured in response to the addition of monosaccharide derivatives, which served as guests for specific library members, and the rate of saccharide mutarotation was also enhanced by the library. The (P) enantiomer of the FeII2L3 helical structure bound β‐D‐glucose selectively over α‐D‐glucose. As a consequence, the library collapsed into the (P)‐FeII2L3 helicate following glucose addition. The α‐D‐glucose was likewise transformed into the β‐D‐anomer during equilibration and binding. Thus, β‐D‐glucose and (P)‐3 amplified each other in the product mixture, as metal–organic and saccharide libraries geared together into a single equilibrating system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Poverty is characterized by a scarcity of resources and a threat of certain stereotypes. However, the effects of stereotype threat are largely dependent on various factors, both negative and positive. Few psychophysiological studies have studied the effects of poverty stereotype threats on inhibition ability in wealth and impoverished individuals. Methods: To fill this gap in the literature, this study used the event‐related potential (ERP) technique to explore the brain mechanisms associated with stereotype threat in 135 participants. Results: Behavioral results showed that the rich group (participants from higher‐income families) had better inhibition ability than the impoverished group (participants from lower‐income families), with significantly shorter reaction time and significantly greater accuracy for poverty‐related stimuli when in the nonthreat condition. Additionally, poverty stereotype threat could improve performance of the impoverished group for poverty‐related stimuli. The electrophysiological results showed significantly larger P3 mean amplitude and significantly longer P3 latency in the rich group than the impoverished group in the nonthreat condition. Although no significant between‐group differences were found in the threat condition, the results show that the effect of poverty stereotype threat varies with different income‐level persons, for both behavioral and P3 data. Conclusion: These findings suggest that impoverished people have worse inhibition abilities. Further, poverty stereotype threat has different effects on people according to their income level and could help to explain irrational consumption behaviors in people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperbranched polymers have garnered much attention due to attractive properties and wide applications, such as drug‐controlled release, stimuli‐responsive nano‐objects, photosensitive materials and catalysts. Herein, two types of novel hyperbranched poly(ester‐enamine) (hb‐PEEa) were designed and synthesized via the spontaneous amino‐yne click reaction of A2 monomer (1, 3‐bis(4‐piperidyl)‐propane (A2a) or piperazine (A2b)) and B3 monomer (trimethylolpropanetripropiolate). According to Flory's hypothesis, gelation is an intrinsic problem in an ideal A2+B3 polymerization system. By controlling the polymerization conditions, such as monomer concentration, molar ratio and rate of addition, a non‐ideal A2+B3 polymerization system can be established to avoid gelation and to synthesize soluble hb‐PEEa. Due to abundant unreacted alkynyl groups in periphery, the hb‐PEEa can be further functionalized by different amino compounds or their derivates. The as‐prepared amphiphilic PEG‐hb‐PEEa copolymer can readily self‐assemble into micelles in water, which can be used as surfactant to stabilize Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) during reduction of NaBH4 in aqueous solution. As a demonstration, the as‐prepared PEG‐hb‐PEEa‐supported AuNPs demonstrate good dispersion in water, solvent stability and remarkable catalytic activity for reduction of nitrobenzene compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six two‐dimensional (2D) coordination polymers (CPs), namely, poly[{μ5‐3,3‐[(5‐carboxylato‐1,3‐phenylene)bis(oxy)]dibenzoato‐κ6O1:O1′:O3,O3′:O5:O5′}bis(N,N‐dimethylformamide‐κO)lanthanide(III)], [Ln(C21H11O8)(C3H7NO)2]n, with lanthanide/Ln = cerium/Ce for CP1, praseodymium/Pr for CP2, neodymium/Nd for CP3, samarium/Sm for CP4, europium/Eu for CP5 and gadolinium/Gd for CP6, have been prepared by solvothermal methods using the ligand 3,3′‐[(5‐carboxy‐1,3‐phenylene)bis(oxy)]dibenzoic acid (H3cpboda) in the presence of Ln(NO3)3. The complexes were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray and powder diffraction, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). All the structures of this family of lanthanide CPs are isomorphous with the triclinic space group P and reveal that they have the same 2D network based on binuclear LnIII units, which are further extended via interlayer C—H...π interactions into a three‐dimensional supramolecular structure. The carboxylate groups of the cpboda3− ligands link adjacent LnIII ions and form binuclear [Ln2(RCOO)4] secondary building units (SBUs), in which each binuclear LnIII SBU contains four carboxylate groups from different cpboda3− ligands. Moreover, with the increase of the rare‐earth Ln atomic radius, the dihedral angles between the aromatic rings gradually increase. Magnetically, CP6 shows weak antiferromagnetic coupling between the GdIII ions. The solid‐state luminescence properties of CP2, CP5 and CP6 were examined at ambient temperature and CP5 exhibits characteristic red emission bands derived from the Eu3+ ion (CIE 0.53, 0.31), with luminescence quantum yields of 22%. Therefore, CP5 should be regarded as a potential optical material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This paper addresses the finite‐time H∞ bumpless transfer control problem for switched systems. The main idea lies in designing a state‐feedback controller with amplitude limitation and a state‐dependent switching law to reduce control bumps caused by switching. First, a local bumpless transfer condition is proposed to limit the amplitude of switching controllers at switching points. Second, by introducing a state‐dependent switching law, a prescribed finite‐time H∞ bumpless transfer control performance is attained even if it does not hold for each subsystem or system state remaining on a switching surface. Third, a sufficient condition verifying the solvability of finite‐time H∞ bumpless transfer control problem is established by resorting to multiple Lyapunov function method. Finally, the effectiveness of developed method is illustrated by a numerical example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phthiocerol dimycocerosates and phenolic glycolipids (PGL) are considered as major virulence elements of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in particular because of their involvement in cell wall impermeability and drug resistance. The biosynthesis of these waxy lipids involves multiple enzymes, including thioesterase A (TesA). We observed that purified recombinant M. tuberculosis TesA is able to dimerize in the presence of palmitoyl‐CoA and our 3D structure model of TesA with this acyl‐CoA suggests hydrophobic interaction requirement for dimerization. Furthermore, we identified that methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate, which inhibits TesA by covalently modifying the catalytic serine, also displays a synergistic antimicrobial activity with vancomycin further warranting the development of TesA inhibitors as valuable antituberculous drug candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three novel coordination polymers (CPs), namely poly[[di‐μ‐aqua‐bis{μ4‐3,3′‐[(5‐carboxylato‐1,3‐phenylene)bis(oxy)]dibenzoato‐κ5O1:O1′,O3:O5:O5′}bis(1,10‐phenanthroline‐κ2N,N′)trinickel(II)] dimethylformamide 1.5‐solvate trihydrate], {[Ni3(C21H11O8)2(C12H8N2)2(H2O)2]·1.5C3H7NO·3H2O}n, (I), poly[[di‐μ‐aqua‐bis{μ4‐3,3′‐[(5‐carboxylato‐1,3‐phenylene)bis(oxy)]dibenzoato‐κ5O1:O1′,O3:O5:O5′}bis(1,10‐phenanthroline‐κ2N,N′)tricobalt(II)] diethylamine disolvate tetrahydrate], {[Co3(C21H11O8)2(C12H8N2)2(H2O)2]·2C2H7N·4H2O}n, (II), and catena‐poly[[aqua(1,10‐phenanthroline‐κ2N,N′)zinc(II)]‐μ‐5‐(3‐carboxyphenoxy)‐3,3′‐oxydibenzoato‐κ2O1:O3], [Zn(C21H12O8)(C12H8N2)(H2O)]n, (III), have been synthesized by the reaction of different metal ions (Ni2+, Co2+ and Zn2+), 3,3′‐[(5‐carboxy‐1,3‐phenylbis(oxy)]dibenzoic acid (H3cpboda) and 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen) under solvothermal conditions. All the CPs were characterized by elemental analysis, single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction, FT–IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Complexes (I) and (II) have isomorphous structures, featuring similar linear trinuclear structural units, in which the central NiII/CoII atom is located on an inversion centre with a slightly distorted octahedral [NiO6]/[CoO6] geometry. This comprises four carboxylate O‐atom donors from two cpboda3− ligands and two O‐atom donors from bridging water molecules. The terminal NiII/CoII groups are each connected to the central NiII/CoII cation through two μ1,3‐carboxylate groups from two cpboda3− ligands and one water bridge, giving rise to linear trinuclear [M3(μ2‐H2O)2(RCOO)4] (M = Ni2+/Co2+) secondary building units (SBUs) and the SBUs develop two‐dimensional‐networks parallel to the (100) plane via cpboda3− ligands with new (32·4)2(32·83·9)2(34·42.82·94·103) topological structures. Zinc complex (III) displays one‐dimensional coordination chains and the five‐coordinated Zn atom forms a distorted square‐pyramidal [ZnO3N2] geometry, which is completed by two carboxylate O‐atom donors from two distinct Hcpboda2− ligands, one O atom from H2O and two N atoms from a chelating phen ligand. Magnetically, CP (I) shows weak ferromagnetic interactions involving the carboxylate groups, and bridging water molecules between the nickel(II) ions, and CP (II) shows antiferromagnetic interactions between the Co2+ ions. The solid‐state luminescence properties of CP (III) were examined at ambient temperature and the luminescence sensing of Cr2O72−/CrO42− anions in aqueous solution for (III) has also been investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel umbrella‐shaped wideband circular polarization (CP) antenna with a wide half‐power beamwidth (HPBW) and a wide axial ratio (AR) bandwidth is proposed in this article. Two pairs of symmetrical patch dipoles are attached to the surface of an umbrella‐shaped substrate to broaden both the impedance bandwidth (IBW) and the HPBW. A parasitic metallic ring is located immediately above the umbrella substrate to provide further enhancement of the HPBW. Each patch dipole is excited via a coaxial line, while a conductor balun with length of λ0/4 (where λ0 is the wavelength of the center frequency) is introduced to obtain a feeding balance. Measurement results indicate that the proposed antenna has a −10 dB IBW of 71.3% (from 1.03 to 2.17 GHz), and a 3 dB AR bandwidth of 55.6% (from 1.13 to 2.0 GHz). Additionally, an HPBW of more than 110° is obtained over the whole CP bandwidth, 48.2% of which has an HPBW of more than 120°. The antenna has dimensions of 100 × 100 × 28 mm3, which corresponds to (0.52 × 0.52 × 0.14)λ03. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: The feasibility of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) as a treatment option for dysplasia in ulcerative colitis (UC) has been reported, but the associated therapeutic decision‐making and clinical outcomes have not been extensively investigated. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 25 UC patients who were referred for potential ESD of non‐polypoid or sessile dysplasia. We analyzed the treatment decisions and the ESD and colectomy outcomes for this patient group. Results: All lesions were located at the colitic segments. The median UC duration was 13.4 years. A colectomy was recommended for 10 patients because of ulceration with indistinct borders (one patient), non‐ulceration with indistinct borders (two patients), and non‐lifting signs (seven patients). The remaining 15 patients underwent ESD. The en bloc and R0 resection rates were 93.3% and 80%, respectively. The median hospitalization periods were 1 (range, 1–2) day after ESD and 7 (range, 5–30) days after colectomy. No procedure‐related complications occurred after ESD, but early and late postoperative complications occurred in two (22.2%) and six (66.7%) of the colectomized patients, respectively. Fourteen ESD cases were followed endoscopically for a median period of 24.7 (range, 5.2–64.8) months. Local recurrence occurred in 2 (14.3%) patients, and metachronous recurrence was identified in two separate patients (14.3%). Conclusions: Endoscopic submucosal dissection is a feasible endoscopic treatment option for UC‐associated dysplasia showing noninvasive pit or vascular patterns, no surface ulceration, distinct borders, and appropriate lifting after submucosal injection. Meticulous endoscopic surveillance is essential to monitor for local or metachronous recurrence of dysplasia after ESD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the adaptive fault‐tolerant tracking control problem for nonlinear systems with prescribed performance and input dead‐zone. First, a new composite variable is constructed by using the characteristics of actuator fault and input dead‐zone for the modeling purpose. Second, an adaptive neural network observer is designed to estimate the system states in the presence of inaccurate feedback information. Third, the proposed control strategy effectively counteracts the effects of sensor failure and unknown nonlinear functions, which makes the tracking error confined within the performance boundary and all the signals of the closed‐loop system semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, an application oriented example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In this paper, the adaptive control problem for a class of switched nontriangular nonlinear systems is investigated, which allows the control gains to vanish at some points. Neither the triangular structure nor the solvability of the adaptive control problem is required for each subsystem. A key point of this work is to solve the adaptive control problem of switched nontriangular nonlinear systems with vanishing control gains by the dual design of the controllers and switching signals. To this end, firstly, a hysteresis‐type control gains‐dependent switching law is designed, which makes the control gain of the active subsystem not vanish and thus the associated designed control input can enter into the active subsystem. Moreover, the designed switching law guarantees a dwell time between any adjacent switching instants, which rules out the Zeno behavior. Secondly, when the adaptive control problem of each subsystem is unsolvable, a sufficient condition ensuring the solvability of the adaptive control problem of switched nontriangular nonlinear systems is developed even if no control input can enter into subsystems at some points. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed result is illustrated by two examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving a large dissymmetry factor (glum) is a challenge in the field of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). A chiral charge‐transfer (CT) system consisting of chiral electron donor and achiral electron acceptor shows bright circularly polarized emission with large glum value. The chiral emissive CT complexes could be fabricated through various approaches, such as grinding, crystallization, spin coating, and gelatinization, by simply blending chiral donor and achiral acceptor. The structural synergy originating from π–π stacking and strong CT interactions resulted in the long‐range ordered self‐assembly, enabling the formation of supramolecular gels. Benefiting from the large magnetic dipole transition moment in the CT state, the CPL activity of CT complexes exhibited large circular polarization. Our design strategy of the chiral emissive CT complexes is expected to help the development of new molecular engineering strategies for designing highly efficient CPL‐active materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving a large dissymmetry factor (glum) is a challenge in the field of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). A chiral charge‐transfer (CT) system consisting of chiral electron donor and achiral electron acceptor shows bright circularly polarized emission with large glum value. The chiral emissive CT complexes could be fabricated through various approaches, such as grinding, crystallization, spin coating, and gelatinization, by simply blending chiral donor and achiral acceptor. The structural synergy originating from π–π stacking and strong CT interactions resulted in the long‐range ordered self‐assembly, enabling the formation of supramolecular gels. Benefiting from the large magnetic dipole transition moment in the CT state, the CPL activity of CT complexes exhibited large circular polarization. Our design strategy of the chiral emissive CT complexes is expected to help the development of new molecular engineering strategies for designing highly efficient CPL‐active materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible perovskite solar cells have attracted widespread research effort because of their potential in portable electronics. The efficiency has exceeded 18 % owing to the high‐quality perovskite film achieved by various low‐temperature fabrication methods and matching of the interface and electrode materials. This Review focuses on recent progress in flexible perovskite solar cells concerning low‐temperature fabrication methods to improve the properties of perovskite films, such as full coverage, uniform morphology, and good crystallinity; demonstrated interface layers used in flexible perovskite solar cells, considering key figures‐of‐merit such as high transmittance, high carrier mobility, suitable band gap, and easy fabrication via low‐temperature methods; flexible transparent electrode materials developed to enhance the mechanical stability of the devices; mechanical and long‐term environmental stability; an outlook of flexible perovskite solar cells in portable electronic devices; and perspectives of commercialization for flexible perovskite solar cells based on cost. Flexible perovskite solar cells have attracted significant attention owing to their promising potential in practical applications. This Review discusses the prerequisite conditions for flexible perovskite solar cells, provides an outlook of flexible perovskite devices in portable electronic products, and estimates their production cost by roll‐to‐roll vacuum deposition for commercialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible Perowskit‐Solarzellen werden aufgrund ihres vielversprechenden Potentials in der tragbaren Elektronik intensiv erforscht. Verschiedene Niedertemperatur‐Herstellungsmethoden für Perowskitfilme und große Fortschritte bei der gezielten Abstimmung der Schnittstellen und Elektrodenmaterialien haben zu Effizienzen von über 18 % geführt. Dieser Aufsatz diskutiert die jüngsten Entwicklungen bei flexiblen Perowskit‐Solarzellen mit Schwerpunkt auf: 1) Niedertemperatur‐Herstellungsmethoden zur Verbesserung der Eigenschaften von Perowskitfilmen, wie vollständige Bedeckung, einheitliche Morphologie und gute Kristallinität; 2) Schnittstellen/Grenzflächen in flexiblen Perowskit‐Solarzellen, einschließlich Kennzahlen wie Transmissionsgrad, Ladungsträgerbeweglichkeit, Bandlückenabstand; 3) mechanische und Umgebungsstabilität flexibler Perowskit‐Solarzellen; 4) Ausblick auf flexible Perowskit‐Solarzellen in tragbaren Elektronikgeräten und deren Kosten; 5) Perspektiven zur Kommerzialisierung flexibler Perowskit‐Solarzellen. Flexible Perowskit‐Solarzellen haben in den letzten Jahren erhebliche Aufmerksamkeit auf sich gezogen. Dieser Aufsatz diskutiert die Voraussetzungen für die Entwicklung von flexiblen Perowskit‐Solarzellen und gibt einen Ausblick auf ihre Anwendung in tragbaren Elektronikprodukten. Ferner werden die Produktionskosten bei der Herstellung durch Rolle‐zu‐Rolle‐Vakuumabscheidung erörtert. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims/Introduction: Children who are exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in utero are at high risk of developing related illnesses, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus in young adulthood, but the underlying mechanism and related predictive biomarkers are not known. Materials and Methods: The present study identified the related biomarkers of hyperglycemia in young adults from the relationship between fetal blood glucose and placental lipid transporters at messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression levels. We recruited patients from a prospective cohort, and determined the mRNA and protein levels of placental fatty acid transporters. Diet‐induced mouse models of GDM were established, and the mRNA and protein levels of the same transporters in placentas were validated. Results: Only the mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma correlated with the levels of neonatal blood glucose in GDM patients using linear regression and Spearman's correlation analyses (r = 0.774, P = 0.001). The mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma, matrix metalloproteinase‐2 and fatty acid transport protein‐6 correlated with blood glucose levels in mouse offspring (r = 0.82, P = 0.001, r = 0.737, P = 0.006 and r = −0.891, P = 0.001, respectively) at young adulthood using the same analyses. Notably, we observed significantly higher blood glucose levels in GDM offspring at 12 weeks‐of‐age compared with the control and rosiglitazone‐supplemented groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The downregulation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma in the placenta might predict hyperglycemia in offspring at young adulthood. We found that down‐regulation of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor gamma (PPARγ) in placenta correlated to hyperglycemia of the offspring at young adulthood exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus. Down‐regulation of PPARγ in placenta may predict the high risk of hyperglycemia of the offspring at young adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A stator current characteristic analysis method based on coordinate transformation is proposed to address the issue of the double‐fed induction generator (DFIG) blade imbalance. Based on the DFIG and the wind turbine transmission chain model, the stator current expression of DFIG under blade imbalance failure was derived in detail, and the corresponding fault characteristic frequency was analyzed, which shows that the blade imbalance fault causes the stator current of the DFIG to generate the fault feature component with frequency fm on the d‐axis and q‐axis components. Then, the stator current characteristic analysis method based on coordinate transformation was proposed. Finally, a simulation model of DFIG with blade imbalance was established, and the fault characteristics of the turbine under different wind speeds and imbalance coefficients are simulated and analyzed. The results show that the stator current characteristic analysis method based on coordinate transformation can extract the characteristics of imbalanced fault and can be effective in determining the severity of the fault by monitoring the changes in the amplitude of the characteristic frequency compared with direct spectrum analysis of stator current and blade speed. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this letter, a new dual‐band circularly polarized (CP) planar monopole antenna is proposed. Simply by embedding an asymmetrical T‐shaped strip into the arc‐shaped feedline, dual‐band operation and CP radiation can be obtained. Furthermore, adding an inverted‐L‐shaped strip to the previous designing, the axial ratio bandwidths (ARBWs) can be greatly improved. After fabricating and then testing, the measured results indicate that the impedance bandwidths (IBWs) below 10‐dB can reach 240 MHz (2.39‐2.63 GHz) and 2.73 GHz (3.85‐6.58 GHz), and the 3‐dB ARBW can cover 260 MHz (2.26‐2.52 GHz) and 2.48 GHz (3.9‐6.38 GHz). The designed antenna can be applied to the WLAN (2.4/5.2/5.8‐GHz) and WiMax (5.5 GHz) multi‐function and multi‐mode communication systems felicitously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]