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Selective producing ethanol from CO2 electroreduction is highly demanded, yet the competing ethylene generation route is commonly more thermodynamically preferred. Herein, we reported an efficient CO2‐to‐ethanol conversion (53.5 % faradaic efficiency at −0.75 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE)) over an oxide‐derived nanocubic catalyst featured with abundant "embossment‐like" structured grain‐boundaries. The catalyst also attains a 23.2 % energy efficiency to ethanol within a flow cell reactor. In situ spectroscopy and electrochemical analysis identified that these dualphase Cu(I) and Cu(0) sites stabilized by grain‐boundaries are very robust over the operating potential window, which maintains a high concentration of co‐adsorbed *CO and hydroxyl (*OH) species. Theoretical calculations revealed that the presence of *OHad not only promote the easier dimerization of *CO to form *OCCO (ΔG~0.20 eV) at low overpotentials but also preferentially favor the key *CHCOH intermediate hydrogenation to *CHCHOH (ethanol pathway) while suppressing its dehydration to *CCH (ethylene pathway), which is believed to determine the remarkable ethanol selectivity. Such imperative intermediates associated with the bifurcation pathway were directly distinguished by isotope labelling in situ infrared spectroscopy. Our work promotes the understanding of bifurcating mechanism of CO2ER‐to‐hydrocarbons more deeply, providing a feasible strategy for the design of efficient ethanol‐targeted catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) provides a promising approach for sustainable chemical fuel production of carbon neutrality. Neutral and alkaline electrolytes are predominantly employed in the current electrolysis system, but with striking drawbacks of (bi)carbonate (CO32−/HCO3−) formation and crossover due to the rapid and thermodynamically favourable reaction between hydroxide (OH−) with CO2, resulting in low carbon utilization efficiency and short‐lived catalysis. Very recently, CO2RR in acidic media can effectively address the (bi)carbonate issue; however, the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is more kinetically favourable in acidic electrolytes, which dramatically reduces CO2 conversion efficiency. Thus, it is a big challenge to effectively suppress HER and accelerate acidic CO2RR. In this review, we begin by summarizing the recent progress of acidic CO2 electrolysis, discussing the key factors limiting the application of acidic electrolytes. We then systematically discuss addressing strategies for acidic CO2 electrolysis, including electrolyte microenvironment modulation, alkali cations adjusting, surface/interface functionalization, nanoconfinement structural design, and novel electrolyzer exploitation. Finally, the new challenges and perspectives of acidic CO2 electrolysis are suggested. We believe this timely review can arouse researchers′ attention to CO2 crossover, inspire new insights to solve the "alkalinity problem" and enable CO2RR as a more sustainable technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal halide perovskites, primarily used as optoelectronic devices, have not been applied for electrochemical conversion due to their insufficient stability in moisture. Herein, two bismuth‐based perovskites are introduced as novel electrocatalysts to convert CO2 into HCOOH in aqueous acidic media (pH 2.5), exhibiting a high Faradaic efficiency for HCOOH of >80 % in a wide potential range from −0.75 to −1.25 V. Their structural evolution against water was dynamically monitored by in situ spectra. Theoretical calculations further reveal that the formation of intermediate OCHO* on bismuth sites of Cs3Bi2Br9(111) play a pivotal role toward HCOOH production, which has a lower energy barrier than that on Cs2AgBiBr6(001) surfaces. Significantly, CO2 reacts with protons instead of water which can enhance CO2 reduction rate and suppress hydrogen evolution by avoiding carbonate formation in acidic electrolytes. This work paves the way for the extensive investigation of halide perovskites in aqueous systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textile‐based conductive materials that can retain their electrical conductivity during bending have been extensively investigated and applied in flexible electronics and wearable sensors; however, the fastness of the conductive components in textiles requires improvements. Herein, a facile and effective surface micro‐dissolution method is developed to prepare carbon nanotubes (CNTs)‐coated PET fabric by embedding CNTs onto the surface of PET fabric. The micro‐dissolved layer of the macromolecule served as a physical adhesion agent to firmly immobilize the CNTs on the PET fabric. The CNTs‐coated PET fabric exhibited an electrical conductivity of 98.1 Ω □−1, durability during washing (over 30 cycles) and abrasion cycles (over 500 cycles), and remained conductive in harsh environments (high temperature, high humidity, water, corrosive liquids, organic solvents). The sensor (CCPFS) assembled by the CNTs‐coated PET fabric is flexible (over 500 bending cycles), highly sensitive (1.48 deg−1), responsive (100 ms), and showed a relaxation time of 200 ms. The CCPFS is used to monitor movements in human fingers, wrist, elbow, knee, expiration, breathing, and wrist pulses. This research provides a route to manufacture flexible sensors for next‐generation intelligent wearable devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As yet, there was no effective pharmacological therapy approved for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of puerarin against NAFLD and explored the underlying mechanisms. C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) diet with or without puerarin coadministration intragastrically. The levels of hepatocellular injury, steatosis, fibrosis, and mitochondrial and metabolism alteration were detected. First, puerarin ameliorated histopathologic abnormalities due to HFHS. We observed a marked increase in hepatic lipid content, inflammation, and fibrosis level, which were attenuated by puerarin. Possible mechanisms were related to puerarin-mediated activation of PI3K/AKT pathway and further improvement in fatty acid metabolism. Puerarin restored the NAD+ content and beneficially affected the hepatic mitochondrial function, which attenuated HFHS-induced steatosis and metabolic disturbances. Finally, hepatic PARP-1 was activated due to excessive fat intake. Puerarin attenuated the PARP-1 expression in HFHS-fed mice, and PJ34, the PARP inhibitor, could mimic these protections of puerarin. However, pharmacological inhibition of PI3K disabled the protection of puerarin or PJ34 toward NAD+ refilling and mitochondrial homeostasis. In conclusion, our findings indicated that puerarin could be a promising and practical therapeutic strategy in NAFLD through modulating PARP-1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and further facilitating mitochondrial function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The electrochemical reduction reaction of carbon dioxide (CO2RR) to carbon monoxide (CO) is the basis for the further synthesis of more complex carbon‐based fuels or attractive feedstock. Single‐atom catalysts have unique electronic and geometric structures with respect to their bulk counterparts, thus exhibiting unexpected catalytic activities. A nitrogen‐anchored Zn single‐atom catalyst is presented for CO formation from CO2RR with high catalytic activity (onset overpotential down to 24 mV), high selectivity (Faradaic efficiency for CO (FECO) up to 95 % at −0.43 V), remarkable durability (>75 h without decay of FECO), and large turnover frequency (TOF, up to 9969 h−1). Further experimental and DFT results indicate that the four‐nitrogen‐anchored Zn single atom (Zn‐N4) is the main active site for CO2RR with low free energy barrier for the formation of *COOH as the rate‐limiting step. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ionic 2,6-bis(imidazo[1,2-α]pyridin-2-yl)pyridine-based N^N^N pincer ruthenium(II) complex exhibited high efficiency in the C-N bond formation between amines and alcohols by the 'borrowing hydrogen' (BH) or 'hydrogen autotransfer' (HA) concept. The synthetic protocol selectively generated monoalkylated amines without formation of tertiary amines during the reaction. The unique selectivity enabled the formation of symmetrically and asymmetrically substituted diamines. This methodology features several advantages including a low catalyst loading (as low as 0.5 mol-%), a short reaction time (as short as 2 h), and excellent N-monoalkylation selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigated whether the oviposition behaviour and performance of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua ( Hübner) ( Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on the rose cultivar Rosa chinensis Jacq. ( Rosaceae) were affected when the plants were infected by rose powdery mildew, Podosphaera pannosa ( Wallr.: Fr.) de Bary ( Erysiphales). The bioassays revealed that the moths significantly avoided ovipositing on mildew-infected rose leaves when compared to healthy leaves. Pupal weights, emergence rates, and fecundity decreased when the caterpillars were fed mildewed rose leaves. Further laboratory bioassays aimed to elucidate the effects of two volatile headspace extracts (separately collected from healthy and mildewed rose plants) on the oviposition behaviour and performance of the moths. The moths clearly preferred to oviposit on healthy rose leaves that were not sprayed with additional volatiles rather than on healthy leaves sprayed with the volatile extracts from mildewed plants. The mean number of eggs laid on the former leaves was more than six times higher than that laid on the latter leaves. Olfactory bioassays demonstrated that ovipositing moths were significantly more attracted to volatiles emitted by healthy rose leaves than to those emitted by mildew-infected leaves. Similar results were obtained when comparisons were made between the volatile extracts collected from healthy and mildewed rose plants. Thus, volatiles from mildew-infected roses have a strong inhibitory effect against the moths. These results indicated that rose volatiles play a role in the oviposition behaviour of the moths, and that the volatiles induced by powdery mildew might be used for insect control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transformation of aldoximes to primary amides is achieved using a pincer ruthenium complex in water under air. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]