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Problem: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a common pregnancy disease. NANOG and Cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) are essential for regulating the function of cell proliferation and apoptosis. However, the mechanism of action in HDP is yet unclear. Method: The microarray dataset GSE6573 was downloaded from the GEO database. Emt‐related gene set was downloaded from Epithelial‐Mesenchymal Transition gene database 2.0 were screened differentially expressed genes by bioinformatics analysis. Pathway Commons and Scansite 4.0 databases were used to predict the interaction between proteins. Placental tissue samples were collected from HDP patients and patients with uneventful pregnancies. RT‐qPCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of NANOG, CDK1, MMP‐2, MMP‐9, EMT markers and the JAK/STAT3 pathway proteins. Transfection NANOG overexpression/knockdown, and CDK1 knockdown into the human chorionic trophoblast cells (HTR‐8/Svneo). CCK‐8, Transwell and Wound‐healing assay were used to evaluate cell proliferation, invasion and migration. CO‐IP and GST pull‐down assays were used to confirm the protein interaction. Results: A total obtained seven EMT‐related differentially expressed genes, wherein NANOG, NODAL and LIN28A had protein interaction. In the HDP patients' tissue found that NANOG and CDK1 had lower expression. NANOG overexpression promoted HTR‐8/Svneo proliferation, migration and EMT, while NANOG knockdown had the opposite effect. Further a protein interaction between STAT3 and CDK1 with NANOG. NANOG overexpression downregulated the JAK/STAT3 pathway to promote HTR‐8/Svneo proliferation, migration and EMT, which was reversed by CDK1 knockdown. Conclusions: NANOG downregulated the JAK/STAT3 pathway to promote trophoblast cell proliferation, migration and EMT through protein interaction with CDK1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe single‐atom catalysts (SACs) are a promising catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in both Zn–air batteries (ZABs) but have a certain distance to compete with Pt‐based catalysts. Rational modulation of the coordination environment in the second coordination shell of SACs offers an opportunity to improve the intrinsic ORR activity, yet a challenge. Here, a novel strategy is reported to construct a dual‐metal catalyst by introducing a single Co atom in the second coordination shell of the Fe center. The dual‐metal N3─Fe─N─Co site with a certain Fe─Co distance of 0.312 nm is constructed. It allows for manipulation of the positive shift of the Fe center charge state, driving the d‐band center up‐shift by 0.63 eV, thereby offering the optimal adsorption of intermediates. Benefiting from this structure, the as‐prepared Fe(Co2nd)‐NC enables an excellent ORR activity with a half‐wave potential of 0.948 V in 0.1 M KOH. As a cathode in ZABs, it delivered an outstanding peak power density of 218 mW cm−2 and a specific capacity of 915 mAh gZn−1 at 5 mA cm−2, respectively, with superior long‐term durability over 680 h. The second shell layer alignment regulation strategy shows great potential for energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) are regarded as promising electrochemical energy storage devices owing to its low cost, intrinsic safety, abundant zinc reserves, and ideal specific capacity. Compared with other cathode materials, manganese dioxide with high voltage, environmental protection, and high theoretical specific capacity receives considerable attention. However, the problems of structural instability, manganese dissolution, and poor electrical conductivity make the exploration of high‐performance manganese dioxide still a great challenge and impede its practical applications. Besides, zinc storage mechanisms involved are complex and somewhat controversial. To address these issues, tremendous efforts, such as surface engineering, heteroatoms doping, defect engineering, electrolyte modification, and some advanced characterization technologies, have been devoted to improving its electrochemical performance and illustrating zinc storage mechanism. In this review, we particularly focus on the classification of manganese dioxide based on crystal structures, zinc ions storage mechanisms, the existing challenges, and corresponding optimization strategies as well as structure–performance relationship. In the final section, the application perspectives of manganese oxide cathode materials in AZIBs are prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Targeting programmed death 1(PD‐1) has been approved for relapsed cervical cancer with unsatisfactory clinical efficacy. This study aims to analyse the impact of PI3K pathway activation on tumour immune microenvironment and evaluates the immune sensitization effect by PI3K inhibition in cervical cancer. The effect of PIK3CA mutation on PD‐L1 expression and CD8+ T cells differentiation was determined in cervical cancer tissues. Luciferase and ChIP‐qPCR/PCR assays were used to determine the transcriptional regulation of PD‐L1 by PIK3CA‐E545K. The effects of PI3K inhibitor treatment on immune environment in vitro and in vivo were evaluated by RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) and flow cytometry. The efficacy of PI3K inhibitor and anti‐PD‐1 therapy was assessed in cell‐derived xenografts (CDX) and patients‐derived xenografts (PDX). PD‐L1 overexpression is more frequently observed in elder women with squamous cervical carcinoma. It predicts longer progress‐free survival and overall survival. PIK3CA mutation results in increased mRNA and protein levels of PD‐L1, the repression of CD8+ T cell differentiation in cervical cancer. Here, we report a case that continuous pembrolizumab monotherapy treatment induced complete remission of a recurrent cervical cancer patient with systemic metastasis and PIK3CA‐E545K mutation, implying that PIK3CA mutation is potentially a biomarker for pembrolizumab treatment in cervical cancer. Specifically, this mutation promotes the expression of PD‐L1 by upregulating the transcription factor IRF1. PI3Kα‐specific inhibitor markedly activates immune microenvironment by regulating the PD‐1/L1‐related pathways and promoting CD8+ T cell differentiation and proliferation in Caski‐CDXs with PIK3CA‐E545K mutation. PI3Kα inhibitor significantly enhances the anti‐tumour efficacy of PD‐1 blockade in CDXs and PDXs. PIK3CA mutations may predict the response of cervical cancer to PD‐1 blockade. The efficacy of PI3Kα inhibitors combined with PD‐1 antibodies is promising in cervical cancer and warrants additional clinical and mechanistic investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the incidence of falls in elderly aged 65 years and above among outpatients and inpatients, and to analyze its related factors and identify prevention strategies. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 451 patients aged 65 years and above who received comprehensive geriatric assessment in outpatients and inpatients from the Department of Geriatrics in the Second Xiangya Hospital from March 2021 to March 2022. According to whether there had been at least one fall in the past year, the patients were divided into a fall group and a non‐fall group. Data were collected from the We‐Chat applet of comprehensive geriatric assessment. A t test and chi‐square test were performed to compare the difference between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was then conducted to identify factors associated with falls. Results: (1) The incidence of falls among the outpatient and inpatient was 28.8%. (2) The rate of light, moderate, and heavy dependence on daily living ability and decreased mobile balance ability were higher in the fall group than those in the non‐fall group. The average calf circumference in the fall group was significantly lower than that in the non‐fall group. (3) The prevalence of diabetes and eye diseases in the fall group was significantly higher than that in the non‐fall group. (4) The percentage of insomnia and suspicious insomnia cases in the fall group was higher than that in the non‐fall group. The mean scores for dysphagia, frailty, and incontinence were higher and the mean malnutrition score was lower in the fall group than in the non‐fall group. (5) Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that frailty, insomnia, and malnutrition were independent influencing factors of fall (OR = 1.955, 1.652, 10.719, P = 0.044, 0.041, 0.025, respectively). Conclusions: The incidence of falls among outpatients and inpatients aged 65 years and above is high. Frailty, insomnia, and malnutrition are the main factors influencing falls in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Myosin is the most important component of myofibrillar protein, with excellent gelling properties. To date, heating treatment remains the mainstream method for forming gel in meat products, and it has the most extensive application in the field of meat industry. However, at present, there are few reports on the effects of heating rates on myosin self‐assembly and aggregation behavior during heating treatment. RESULTS: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different heating rates (1, 2, 3 and 5 °C min−1) on the self‐assembly behavior, physicochemical, structural and gelling properties of myosin. At the lowest heating rate of 1 °C min−1, the myosin gel had a dense microstructure, the highest elastic modulus (G′) and water holding capacity compared to higher heating rates (2, 3 and 5 °C min−1). At higher temperatures (40, 45 °C), the surface hydrophobicity, turbidity, particle size distribution and self‐assembly behavior of myosin in pre‐gelling solutions showed that myosin had sufficient time to denature, underwent full structure unfolding before aggregation at the heating rate of 1°C min−1, and formed regular and homogeneous spherical aggregates. Therefore, the myosin gel also had a better three‐dimensional network. CONCLUSION: The heating rates had an important effect on the quality of myosin gels, and had theoretical implications for improving the quality of meat gel products. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heteroatom doping effectively tunes the electronic conductivity of transition metal selenides (TMSs) with rapid K+ accessibility in potassium ion batteries (PIBs). Although considerable efforts are dedicated to investigating the relationship between the doping strategy and the resulting electrochemistry, the doping mechanisms, especially in view of the ion and electronic diffusion kinetics upon cycling, are seldom elucidated systematically. Herein, the crystal structure stability, charge/ion state, and bandgap of the active materials are found to be precisely modulated by favorable heteroatom doping, resulting in intrinsically fast kinetics of the electrode materials. Based on the combined mechanisms of intercalation and conversion reactions, electron and K+ ion transfer in Ni‐doped CoSe2 embedded in carbon nanocomposites (Ni‐CoSe2@NC) can be significantly enhanced via electronic engineering. Benefiting from the synthetic controlled Ni grains, the heterointerface formed by the intermediate products of electrochemical reactions in Ni‐CoSe2@NC strengthens the conversion kinetics and interdiffusion process, developing a low‐barrier mesophase with optimized potassium storage. Overall, an electronic tuning strategy can offer deeper atomic insights into the conversion reaction of TMSs in PIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mammalian gelatin is extensively utilized in the food industry because of its physicochemical properties. However, its usage is restricted and essentially prohibited for religious people. Fish gelatin is a promising alternative with no religious and social restrictions. The desirable properties of fish gelatin can be significantly improved by various methods, such as the addition of active compounds, enzymes, and natural crosslinking agents (e.g., plant phenolics and genipin), and nonthermal physical treatments (e.g., ionizing radiation and high pressure). The aim of this study was to explore whether the properties of fish gelatin (gel strength, melting or gelling temperature, odor, viscosity, sensory properties, film‐forming ability, etc.) could be improved to make it comparable to mammalian gelatin. The structure and properties of gelatins obtained from mammalian and fish sources are summarized. Moreover, the modification methods used to ameliorate the properties of fish gelatin, including rheological (gelling temperature from 13–19°C to 23–25°C), physicochemical (gel strengths from ∼200 to 250 g), and thermal properties (melting points from ∼25 to 30°C), are comprehensively discussed. The relevant literature reviewed and the technological advancements in the industry can propel the development of fish gelatin as a potential alternative to mammalian gelatin, thereby expanding its competitive market share with increasing utility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CoSe2 has been a promising oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst due to its unique electronic configuration and metal behavior. However, the OER performance of CoSe2 is obviously limited by unexposed active sites. Herein, a FeSe2/CoSe2 heterostructure electrocatalyst is designed to increase the active sites of CoSe2 and shows an excellent electrocatalytic OER performance with an overpotential of 344 mV to reach the current density of 10 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope of 42 mV dec−1, and an excellent stability of 60 h. The superior OER performance is ascribed to the electronic structure modulation of CoSe2 and the larger electrochemical surface area, which effectively increases the active sites for OER. This work provides a feasible way to prepare heterojunction electrocatalysts and enriches the OER electrocatalytic applications of transition metal‐based selenides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fast capacity/voltage fading with a low rate capability has challenged the commercialization of layer‐structured Ni‐rich cathodes in lithium‐ion batteries. In this study, an ultrathin and stable interface of LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NCM) is designed via a passivation strategy, dramatically enhancing the capacity retention and operating voltage stability of cathode at a high cut‐off voltage of 4.5 V. The rebuilt interface as a stable path for Li+ transport, would strengthen the cathode–electrolyte interface stability, and restrain the detrimental factors for cathode–electrolyte interfacial reactions, intergranular cracking and irreversible phase transformation from layered to spinel, even salt‐rock phase. The as‐optimized NCM displays a higher cyclability (i.e., 206.6 mA h g−1 at 0.25 C (50 mA g−1) with 92.0% capacity retention over 100 cycles) and a better rate capability (141.0 and 112.6 mA h g−1 at 12.5 and 25 C, respectively) than pristine NCM (205.0 mA h g−1 with 73.0% capacity retention at 0.25 C; 120.9 and 93.1 mA h g−1 at 12.5 and 25 C, respectively). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Propamocarb hydrochloride is a systemic fungicide used against Pythium and Phytophthora as well as other diseases in tobacco. This study aimed to understand the response of tobacco to propamocarb hydrochloride treatment at the transcriptome and metabolome levels. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were conducted on tobacco leaves treated with or without propamocarb hydrochloride to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differential metabolites, which were used for further functional enrichment analyses. In all, 1364 to 2497 DEGs and 34 differential metabolites were identified in different comparable groups. The DEGs were significantly involved in functions related to photosynthesis and valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation. Differential metabolites were mainly associated with arginine and proline metabolism (1,3‐diaminopropane; 4‐aminobutyric acid; and N‐(omega)‐hydroxyarginine) and glycerophospholipid metabolism (lysoPC(16:0), phosphorylcholine, and triethanolamine). Our study identified differential genes and metabolites that were associated with the response of tobacco leaves to propamocarb hydrochloride. Propamocarb hydrochloride could influence the photosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism of tobacco leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial for the maintenance of peripheral tolerance, but they also limit beneficial responses through cancer‐induced immunoediting. The roles of Treg subsets in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) are currently unknown. Here, we aimed to perform an extensive study with an increased resolution of the Treg compartment in the peripheral blood and tumor tissues of CSCC patients. We first identified that an HLADRhi Treg population in the peripheral blood was significantly increased in CSCC patients compared to precancer patients and healthy donors. We found that HLADRhi Tregs express high levels of a panel of inhibition and activation markers and the TCR‐responsive transcription factors BATF and IRF4. However, this Treg subset showed reduced calcium influx after TCR crosslinking. In addition, HLADRhi Tregs are highly proliferative and vulnerable to apoptosis. Further studies demonstrated that the HLADRhi Tregs display high levels of suppressive activity. Quantitative multiplexed immunohistochemistry revealed that an increase in the number of tumor‐infiltrating HLADRhi Tregs is associated with unfavorable classical risk parameters of advanced disease stage and stromal invasion. Context‐based quantification revealed that a high frequency of stromal HLADRhi Tregs in patients is significantly associated with worse progression‐free survival. In the current study, we characterized a population of highly activated and immunosuppressive HLADRhi Tregs in CSCC patients. An increased HLADRhi Treg frequency may be a potential biomarker to stratify CSCC patients and evaluate therapeutic efficacies in personalized immuno‐oncology studies. What's new? While regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for immune homeostasis, they pose a major barrier to the generation of effective antitumor immunity. The latter effect may be attributed to functionally diverse Treg subsets, though how these different subsets impact antitumor immunity remains unknown. Here, the authors identified an expanded population of highly activated human leukocyte antigen‐DR (HLADRhi) Tregs with potent immunosuppressive activity in the blood and tumor tissues of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) patients. Importantly, increased numbers of HLADRhi Tregs within tumors correlated with unfavorable outcomes. Thus, HLADRhi Tregs represent a potential biomarker and immune intervention target in CSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to explore genes and transcription factors (TFs) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) that were closely related to responses to different concentrations of nitrate (NO3−) in tobacco root. Cultivar K326 was used in this study. The RNA sequence data generated from K326 treated with high or low concentration of NO3− supplied at different time points (0, 6, 12, and 24 h) were analyzed to determine the transcriptome response of tobacco root to NO3− supply. The expression of numerous genes was altered after high and low NO3− treatment. Further analysis revealed 1981 and 3573 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from low and high NO3− treatment groups, respectively. Comparative analysis identified 567 low‐NO3−‐specific, 2159 high‐NO3−‐specific, and 1414 commonly expressed genes. Combining short time‐series expression miner (STEM) and weighed gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) results, 136 and 416 DEGs were identified from low and high NO3− groups, respectively, among which, 12 were TFs. In the constructed protein−protein interaction (PPI) network, three DEGs in high NO3− group (LOC107807186, LOC107792457, and LOC107786314) exhibited highest degrees. Within low NO3− group, LOC107798206, LOC107815159, and LOC107779796 had highest degrees. Among the 12 TFs, LOC107778750, LOC107810552, and LOC107804260 had the highest degrees. Our data provides valuable information about genes, especially the 12 TFs, which were induced by different concentrations of NO3− in tobacco root. These findings may be useful for identification of high or low NO3− treatment‐induced genes and TFs, as well as for understanding potential gene regulation mechanisms in response to NO3− supply in tobacco. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Simulation Model of Back Plane Circuit Vertical Crosstalk (BP‐VC) of AM‐OLED displays was established according to the experimental VC test method in this paper. The impact of the Pixel Storage capacitance (Cst) and the Parasitic Capacitance had been studied. Pixel with good simulated VC had been optimized by increasing Cst and decreasing the parasitic capacitance of gate electrode of driving TFT (N1 node) and Gate line (Cap2), thus reaching the achievement that BP‐VC decreases from 1.54% to 0.76% in 6.5 inch FHD OLED Display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: At the same dosage, the new generation of Sabin‐inactivated poliovirus vaccine (sIPV) is less immunogenic than the traditional oral polio vaccine (OPV) dosage in China. The useful adjuvant might be a necessary strategy to strengthen the immune protective effects. Methods: In this study, we produced an adjuvant compound (named KML05) that could promote immunogenicity and fractional doses of sIPV with a long duration of protection in a rat model. The compound adjuvant had both advantages and a function of MF59 and carbopol971P. Results: The effect seroconversion of experimental animals immunized with KML05 could be extended to one‐eighth of the dose. According to the result of the geometric mean titers (GMTs), KML05 adjuvant could save eight times the amount of sIPV D‐antigen usage, but aluminum hydroxide adjuvant could save twice at the same titers. Additionally, it was found that there was a significant difference in the GMT titer of poliovirus type 2 between animals immunized by KML05 and alum adjuvant (P < 0.05). At 12th‐month postvaccination, the neutralization titers stimulated by IPV‐KML05 were maintained over a longer time period in immunized animals. Conclusion: Our research team developed KML05 adjuvant, which combined carbopol971P with MF59, increased antibody responses to sIPV for a longer duration of protection in a rat model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Hybrids of Fe/Fe3C embedded in N‐doped carbon nanotubes (Fe/Fe3C@NCNTs) are prepared by pyrolyzing mixtures of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and dicyandiamide. The systematic electrochemical study of Fe/Fe3C@NCNTs shows a decent catalytic activity toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The sample of Fe/Fe3C@NCNTs at 750 °C exhibits a remarkably high activity with an onset potential of 1.47 V for the OER, and an onset potential of 0.96 V and half‐wave potential 0.88 V for the ORR, which inspired us to set up a rechargeable Zn‐air battery with such Fe/Fe3C@NCNT nanohybrids as the cathode materials, showing a maximum power density of 198 mW cm−2 and long‐term stability after 500 cycles. We also demonstrate that Fe/Fe3C@NCNTs present favorable electrocatalytic activity towards the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) with a low onset potential and good selectivity. The major products are a mixture of H2 and CO gases that can be used for methanol production in the Fischer−Tropsch process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Influences of sodium tripolyphosphate ( STPP) contents (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%) on water holding capacity ( WHC) and texture properties of low-salt (1.2% NaCl) single-step high-pressure processed chicken breast sausages ( LSSS- HPP sausages) were evaluated. Results showed that WHC was improved (4-5%) by the addition of STPP. However, the STPP contents customarily used for cooked sausages (0.3-0.5%) were excessive for LSSS- HPP sausages, causing a soft and tacky texture. Sausages containing 0.1% of STPP had the best taste according to the sensory evaluations. Chemical interactions plus Raman spectroscopic analysis revealed that STPP addition partly changed native structures of myofibrillar proteins. Furthermore, higher STPP contents in the meat batter prevented those proteins from high pressure denaturing and aggregating in the subsequent single-step HPP procedure. Increased hydrogen bonds and decreased hydrophobic interactions explained the better WHC and softer texture. Therefore, 0.1% of STPP is the optimal content in the processing of new-type LSSS- HPP sausages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manganese can be toxic to the heart, causing dysfunction following long exposure. In our experiments, we examined the cytotoxicity of manganese in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) by MTT assays in vitro. Results showed that after incubation in the different concentrations of manganese for 24 h, apparent cytotoxicity was observed. At 500, 1000, and 1500 2 μM of manganese, the percentage of cell viability dropped to 82% ± 6.13, 78% ± 5.28, and 66% ± 4.22, respectively. When cells were treated for 48 h, all concentrations tested exerted toxic effect; especially from 500 to 1500 μM the cell viability dropped from 67% ± 4.84 to 37% ± 3.25. Apoptosis in NRVM was then examined by flow cytometry. Results showed that the percentage of apoptotic cells treated with 500 μM of manganese for 24 h increased from 4% ± 0.84 to 7% ± 1.16. After 48 h of incubation, this percentage increased to 11% ± 0.91. There was no significant difference between control groups (0 μM manganese) after 24 and 48 h incubation. The morphological changes of NRVM nuclei were visualized with the fluorescent DNA-binding dye Hoechst33342 after incubation in 500 μM of manganese for 48 h. Compared with normal nuclei, apoptotic nuclei showed the typical features of fragmentation and condensation. To investigate whether there are any apoptotic gene expression changes during apoptosis, we examined the expression level of Bcl-2, Bax, and P53 mRNAs after treatment with 500 μM of manganese for 48 h. The Bcl-2 mRNA expression decreased while the expression of Bax as well as P53 mRNAs increased. These results suggested that manganese cytotoxicity on NRVM could induce apoptosis in NRVM cells. The apoptosis process might involve, and be promoted by, the changes of the expression levels of P53, Bcl-2, and Bax proteins. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 21:94-100, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20172 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manganese is an essential trace element found in many enzymes. As it is the case of many essential trace elements, excessive level of manganese is toxic. It has been proven that excessive manganese could cause heart problems. In order to understand the mechanism of manganese toxicity in the heart, the effects of manganese on isolated rat ventricular myocytes were studied. The L-type calcium channel current was measured by whole-cell patch clamp recording mode. In the electrophysiology experiments, both 50 μM Mn2+ and 100 μM Mn2+ could effectively decrease the channel current amplitude density by 35.7% and 68.2%, respectively. Moreover, Mn2+ shifted the steady-state activation curve toward more positive potential and the steady-state inactivation curve toward more negative potential. Investigation by RT-PCR showed that the mRNA expression of α1C/Cav1.2 treated with manganese was decreased depending on its concentration, while the mRNA expression of α1D/Cav1.3 was almost unchanged. Fluo-3/AM was utilized for real-time free calcium scanning with laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), and the results showed that Mn2+ could elicit a slow and continuous increase of [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner. These results have suggested that manganese could interfere with the function of the L-type calcium channel, downregulate the mRNA expression of α1C/Cav1.2, and thus causing long-lasting molecular changes of L-type calcium channel which have probably been triggered by overloading of calcium in myocytes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 20:159-166, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20133 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aedes albopictus is an important vector of arboviruses and prefers small containers of stagnant water as oviposition sites. One of the mechanisms mosquitoes use to search for suitable oviposition sites is relying on odor cues from prospective sites and their surroundings. The genetic and molecular bases of this behavior are not known for Ae. albopictus. Oviposition site‐searching behavior can be separated into 2 stages: container location and water detection. We applied a glue compound to the antennae and the maxillary palps of adult females to mask their ability to detect molecules that may guide them to preferred oviposition sites. Treatment of the antennae significantly reduces the location index (P < 0.001), indicating a decreased ability to find oviposition sites, whereas no significant difference was observed in mosquitoes with maxillary palps treated with the same glue compound (P > 0.05). The detection time, measured as the duration from contact with the water surface to the deposition of the first egg, was extended in mosquitoes with treated antennae or maxillary palps, supporting the conclusion that olfaction is involved in the detection of oviposition site. Transcriptomic analysis identified differentially expressed olfactory‐related genes, including obp67, obp56d‐like, obp19d‐like and obp67‐like. RNA interference (RNAi)‐mediated knockdown of obp67 and obp56d‐like significantly affected the location index and detection time, respectively. Cas9/guide RNA‐mediated knockout of obp56d‐like resulted in a prolonged detection time, compared with the wild type (P < 0.05). These findings help to elucidate aspects of the olfactory mechanisms involved in Ae. albopictus oviposition site selection, and provide a basis for the development of mosquito surveillance and control strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium‐rich manganese‐based layered oxides (LRMOs) have been regarded as a promising category of cathode materials due to their high specific capacity on basis of joint anionic(oxygen) /cationic redox chemistry at a high voltage, thus high energy density. The anionic redox play the key and restive roles in LRMOs, contributing the extra capacity, meanwhile being associated with several unfavorable structural and electrochemical issues. This work systematically enumerates the oxygen redox mechanisms, and challenges associated with oxygen‐anion redox in LRMOs, including irreversible transition metal migration, phase transition, and the capacity/voltage decay, etc. The recent progress made in modification of LRMOs with particular emphasis to promoting the reversible oxygen redox reaction and inhibiting the irreversible oxygen release are summarized, followed by an outlook on the future rational design and development of LRMOs. This comprehensive review and perspective are expected to provide insights for the greater utilization of oxygen redox in LRMOs and other related materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Y2.9Ce0.1Al5O12 ( YAG: Ce3+) phosphors were successfully prepared via molten salt synthesis ( MSS) method using the eutectic mixtures of NaNO2-KNO2 or NaCl-KCl as the flux. Using NaCl-KCl as the flux, Y3Al5O12 phase is formed above 1000°C, and the as-prepared YAG: Ce3+ phosphor with 2 μm average particle size has good emission and excitation spectra. Using NaNO2-KNO2 as the flux, Y3Al5O12 phase can be formed at a temperature as low as 400°C, but the as-prepared YAG: Ce3+ phosphor with 200 nm average particle size do not have obvious emission and excitation spectra, and after being annealed at 1100°C, the powder also has 200 nm average particle size but has stronger emission and excitation spectra. Compared with the commercial YAG: Ce3+ phosphor, the emission intensity of the phosphor prepared by MSS using NaNO2-KNO2 as the flux followed by calcination is a little low, but the latter has a smaller particle size, which will reduce the amount of phosphors utilized in white light-emitting diodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heteroatom doping effectively tunes the electronic conductivity of transition metal selenides (TMSs) with rapid K+ accessibility in potassium ion batteries (PIBs). Although considerable efforts are dedicated to investigating the relationship between the doping strategy and the resulting electrochemistry, the doping mechanisms, especially in view of the ion and electronic diffusion kinetics upon cycling, are seldom elucidated systematically. Herein, the crystal structure stability, charge/ion state, and bandgap of the active materials are found to be precisely modulated by favorable heteroatom doping, resulting in intrinsically fast kinetics of the electrode materials. Based on the combined mechanisms of intercalation and conversion reactions, electron and K+ ion transfer in Ni‐doped CoSe2 embedded in carbon nanocomposites (Ni‐CoSe2@NC) can be significantly enhanced via electronic engineering. Benefiting from the synthetic controlled Ni grains, the heterointerface formed by the intermediate products of electrochemical reactions in Ni‐CoSe2@NC strengthens the conversion kinetics and interdiffusion process, developing a low‐barrier mesophase with optimized potassium storage. Overall, an electronic tuning strategy can offer deeper atomic insights into the conversion reaction of TMSs in PIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]