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Main Problem: Anhedonia is a critical diagnostic symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD), being associated with poor prognosis. Understanding the neural mechanisms underlying anhedonia is of great significance for individuals with MDD, and it encourages the search for objective indicators that can reliably identify anhedonia. Methods: A predictive model used connectome‐based predictive modeling (CPM) for anhedonia symptoms was developed by utilizing pre‐treatment functional connectivity (FC) data from 59 patients with MDD. Node‐based FC analysis was employed to compare differences in FC patterns between melancholic and non‐melancholic MDD patients. The support vector machines (SVM) method was then applied for classifying these two subtypes of MDD patients. Results: CPM could successfully predict anhedonia symptoms in MDD patients (positive network: r = 0.4719, p < 0.0020, mean squared error = 23.5125, 5000 iterations). Compared to non‐melancholic MDD patients, melancholic MDD patients showed decreased FC between the left cingulate gyrus and the right parahippocampus gyrus (p_bonferroni = 0.0303). This distinct FC pattern effectively discriminated between melancholic and non‐melancholic MDD patients, achieving a sensitivity of 93.54%, specificity of 67.86%, and an overall accuracy of 81.36% using the SVM method. Conclusions: This study successfully established a network model for predicting anhedonia symptoms in MDD based on FC, as well as a classification model to differentiate between melancholic and non‐melancholic MDD patients. These findings provide guidance for clinical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the long‐term consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) have not been defined, it is necessary to explore persistent symptoms, long‐term respiratory impairment, and impact on quality of life over time in COVID‐19 survivors. In this prospective cohort study, convalescent individuals diagnosed with COVID‐19 were followed‐up 2 and 3 years after discharge from hospital. Participants completed an in‐person interview to assess persistent symptoms and underwent blood tests, pulmonary function tests, chest high‐resolution computed tomography, and the 6‐min walking test. There were 762 patients at the 2‐year follow‐up and 613 patients at the 3‐year follow‐up. The mean age was 60 years and 415 (54.5%) were men. At 3 years, 39.80% of the participants had at least one symptom; most frequently, fatigue, difficulty sleeping, joint pain, shortness of breath, muscle aches, and cough. The participants experienced different degrees of pulmonary function impairment, with decreased carbon monoxide diffusion capacity being the main feature; results remained relatively stable over the 2–3 years. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that female sex and smoking were independently associated with impaired diffusion capacity. A subgroup analysis based on disease severity was performed, indicating that there was no difference in other parameters of lung function except forced vital capacity at 3‐year follow‐up. Persistent radiographic abnormalities, most commonly fibrotic‐like changes, were observed at both timepoints. At 3 years, patients had a significantly improved Mental Component Score compared with that at 2 years, with a lower percentage with anxiety. Our study indicated that symptoms and pulmonary abnormalities persisted in COVID‐19 survivors at 3 years. Further studies are warranted to explore the long‐term effects of COVID‐19 and develop appropriate rehabilitation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liver dysfunction during pregnancy can result in adverse pregnancy outcomes. (D) The cumulative abundance of liver-specific mRNA and miRNA genes was significantly increased in the HBV and ICP groups. (A) HBV genotypes determined by cfRNA in HBV-infected patients. These changes were distinct in patients with early- and late-diagnosed ICP, with the latter showing similar changes to HBV carriers, implicating different biological processes that drive the underlying pathophysiology of these subtypes of ICP. [Extracted from the article]

The preparation technology of sustained release is a significant value of fragrance microcapsules. This article used quaternary ammonium chitosan (HACC) with antibacterial properties as the shell material. To research the factors affecting the density, encapsulation ratio and sustained‐release of the shell material of the coated fragrance microcapsules. According to the in‐situ polymerization method, fragrance microcapsules were prepared with aldehyde fragrance 7328 as the core material, TiO2 modified HACC as the shell material and glutaraldehyde as the crosslinking agent. During preparation, the effects of emulsification speed, pH and core‐shell ratio on the encapsulation ratio were explored. The results showed that under the conditions of the core‐shell ratio of 3:1 and emulsification speed of 1000 rad/min, when the shell material is modified with TiO2 and kh550, the encapsulation ratio can be reached 71.74%, which was increased by 41.5% compared with the unmodified microcapsules. And the sustained‐release time can last as long as 29 days, which was 18 days higher than that of unmodified microcapsules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have attracted widespread attention in optoelectronic fields due to their excellent optical properties. However, their instability issue hampers their further development and practical application. Herein, CsPbBr3 PQDs embedded in mesoporous SiO2 microspheres (CsPbBr3 PQDs/MSs) are prepared by the high‐temperature solid‐phase melting method due to the confinement effect. The prepared CsPbBr3 PQDs/MSs are treated by saturated Na2SO4 to form PbSO4 precipitation to fulfill the mesoporous gap. And such treatment endows the QDs with excellent water, light irradiation, and heating stability. The prepared products can maintain over 80% of the original fluorescence intensity even when it is immersed in water for 2 weeks. The CsPbBr3 PQDs/MSs are utilized in the white light‐emitting diode device with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage color coordinates of (0.3407, 0.3357) at 20 mA, and exhibit excellent photo stability at high power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A major obstacle to clinical photodynamic therapy (PDT) is tissue hypoxia in a solid tumor, which substantially reduces therapeutic efficacy by insufficient oxygen supply. To tackle this issue, herein, we reported a type of facilely prepared multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) for combined treatment of PDT and photothermal therapy (PTT). A novel dopamine‐modified epoxysilane (GSDA) was firstly synthesized from 3‐glycidoxypropyl(trimethoxy) silane and dopamine via ring‐opening reaction, which was subsequently incorporated into NPs along with zinc(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc) via a reprecipitation‐encapsulation method. Interestingly, polydopamine (PDA) was found to be automatically developed inside NPs by oxidative polymerization of dopamine monomers. Owing to strong‐light‐absorption PDA and ZnPc, the resultant biocompatible NPs exhibited high photothermal conversion efficiency (η=46.4%) and a decent singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ=0.28), respectively, under the irradiation of 808 nm and 660 nm light. Synergetic treatment was then performed on tumor cells using the multifunctional NPs, i. e. PDT followed by PTT, and enhanced phototherapeutic efficacy was achieved, particularly in the case of hypoxia. This work demonstrates that (i) the newly‐synthesized GSDA might function as a bi‐functional coupling agent for silica and PDA coating, and (ii) the simply‐prepared NPs are very promising for synergetic PDT/PTT of solid tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work focuses on the universal applicability of microencapsulation on core materials. From this point, nine different fragrance oils were selected as core materials, and the corresponding melamine resin shell microcapsules were prepared by a uniform process. According to characterization results, the microencapsulation shows good universality for most core materials, but their encapsulation efficiency (E%, 17.28%‐88.26%), particle size distribution (D50, 9.65‐33.82 μm) and optical micro‐morphology are significantly different. By analysing the influence of the interfacial tension (F), relative dielectric constant (ε), viscosity (τ), density (ρ) and refractive index (n) of the core materials on encapsulation, it was found that the F determines whether the core material is suitable, and f ≥ 1 is the basic condition for the core material to have the value of microencapsulation. Besides, the ε and n both can be used as auxiliary criteria, τ and ρ also influence the microencapsulation process. Based on these data, a "Dimensionless encapsulation number" x=F0.25·ρn‐nH2O/ε0.25·τ0.5 was tentatively established, and the mathematical relation between it and corresponding E% was constructed, which could be applied as a semi‐empirical formula in practical work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mn‐doped 2D perovskites are emerging as good candidates for light‐emitting applications due to their excellent optical and electrical properties. Major synthetic routes, solid‐state grinding and high‐temperature solution synthesis, are extensively studied to prepare Mn‐doped 2D perovskites. However, complicated synthesis, small‐scale yields, and poor‐stability impede their widespread applications. Herein, a one‐step acid‐solution‐assisted method is exhibited for gram‐scale production of Mn‐doped 2D (C8H17NH2)2PbBr4 with a solid yield of 1.35 g products out of 3 mL solvent. After Mn‐doped 2D (C8H17NH2)2PbBr4 being stored in the air for 90 days, the photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield of powders has minor changes, showing good stability. Phosphor‐converted monochrome light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are fabricated. After the LEDs work 6 h under a voltage of 3 V, their PL spectra have no obvious change, showing a great potential in optoelectronic devices. This study provides a new effective strategy for large‐scale synthesis of ultrastable Mn‐doped 2D perovskites, which is expected to provide inspiration for the industrial optoelectronic applications of perovskites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have revealed that global extrinsic noise arising from stochasticity in the intracellular biochemical environment plays a critical role in heterogeneous cell physiologies. However, it remains largely unclear how such extrinsic noise dynamically influences downstream reactions and whether it could be neutralized by cellular reactions. Here, using fluorescent protein (FP) maturation as a model biochemical reaction, we explored how cellular reactions might combat global extrinsic noise in mammalian cells. We developed a novel single‐cell assay to systematically quantify the maturation rate and the associated noise for over a dozen FPs. By exploiting the variation in the maturation rate for different FPs, we inferred that global extrinsic noise could be temporally filtered by maturation reactions, and as a result, the noise levels for slow‐maturing FPs are lower compared to fast‐maturing FPs. This mechanism is validated by directly perturbing the maturation rates of specific FPs and measuring the resulting noise levels. Together, our results revealed a potentially general principle governing extrinsic noise propagation, where timescale separation allows cellular reactions to cope with dynamic global extrinsic noise. Synopsis: This study measures fluorescent protein (FP) maturation rates in single mammalian cells, and applies stochastic simulations to reveal how cellular reactions mitigate global extrinsic noise arising from fluctuations in the biochemical environment. A novel assay is developed to quantify the maturation rates of 14 FPs at the single cell level.Single‐cell data reveals non‐genetic heterogeneity (i.e., noise) in protein maturation rates.The noise level in maturation reaction rates exhibits a rate‐dependent behavior, which can be explained by a time‐averaging mechanism that filters extrinsic noise.This model is supported by experiments that directly perturb the maturation rates of specific FPs and measure the resulting noise levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melanoma, the most aggressive skin cancer type, is challenging to treat due to its high metastatic potential and low response to conventional therapies. Innovative approaches, including combination therapies, are crucial for enhancing treatment efficacy while minimizing side effects. It is developed boronophenylalanine‐containing polydopaine (B‐PDA) nanoparticles by encapsulating boronophenylalanine in polydopamine through nitrogen‐boronate coordination, targeting both boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and photothermal therapy (PTT). With stability and biocompatibility under physiological conditions, these nanoparticles utilize the phenylalanine residues in BPA to target the overexpressed neutral amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) in melanoma cells, resulting in enhanced cell‐specific targeting. B‐PDA nanoparticles demonstrated significant photothermal effects under external stimulation, inducing localized heating and triggering heterogeneous tumor cell death, thereby enhancing sensitivity to BNCT. Combining BNCT and PTT, the B‐PDA nanoparticles offer a promising strategy for melanoma treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diet during pregnancy may be a potential intervention for preventing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy that disproportionally burdens Hispanic/Latina women., Methods and Results: The MADRES (Maternal And Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social stressors) study (n=451) is a prospective pregnancy cohort of predominantly low-income Hispanic/Latina women in Los Angeles, California, who completed up to 2 staff-administered 24-hour dietary recalls in the third trimester of pregnancy. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were abstracted from medical records and based on a physician's diagnosis or systolic or diastolic blood pressure (≥140 or ≥90 mm Hg, respectively) at ≥2 consecutive prenatal visits. Using multivariable logistic regression, we evaluated associations of 2 previously derived dietary patterns in this population (solid fats, refined grains, and cheese and vegetables, oils, and fruit) and the Healthy Eating Index 2015 with (1) gestational hypertension, (2) preeclampsia, and (3) any hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (either gestational hypertension or preeclampsia). In separate models, we additionally tested interactions with prepregnancy body mass index. Comparing highest-to-lowest quartiles, the solid fats, refined grains, and cheese dietary pattern was associated with an increased odds of any hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (odds ratio [OR], 3.99 [95% CI, 1.44-11.0]; P trend =0.014) and preeclampsia (OR, 4.10 [95% CI, 1.25-13.5]; P trend =0.036), whereas the vegetables, oils, and fruit pattern was associated with reduced odds of preeclampsia (OR, 0.32 [95% CI, 0.10-0.99]; P trend =0.041). Among the overweight prepregnancy body mass index category, inverse associations of vegetables, oils, and fruit and Healthy Eating Index 2015 with preeclampsia were more pronounced (both P interactions =0.017). Healthy Eating Index 2015 findings were generally nonsignificant., Conclusions: While the solid fats, refined grains, and cheese diet was strongly associated with preeclampsia during pregnancy, findings suggest the vegetables, oils, and fruit diet may be more relevant than Healthy Eating Index 2015 for preventing preeclampsia among low-income Hispanic/Latina women.