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Effect of heat‐treatment (900°C∼1600°C) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of alumina–silica fiber was well investigated. The results indicated that the recommended temperature threshold for the use of the alumina–silica fiber was not more than 1100°C to maintain its mechanical integrity. Above this temperature, the elastic modulus of the fibers increased, and the tensile strength significantly decreased, mainly because of the transformation of the structure from γ‐Al2O3 and amorphous SiO2 to mullite. The tensile strength of the fiber was 0.87 GPa at 1200°C. Compared to the as‐received fibers, the strength retention was only 63.50%. Moreover, as revealed by Weibull statistical analysis, the formation of more defects due to mullite phase transformation resulted in higher dispersion of the fiber tensile strength. However, at this temperature, the Young's modulus of the fiber increased from the initial value 146.24 ± 5.19 GPa to 183.06 ± 5.83 GPa. Finally, the rate of mullite reaction was seen to be strongly temperature dependent. The higher the heat‐treated temperature, the shorter the time required for γ‐Al2O3 and amorphous SiO2 to completely transform into mullite grains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have garnered increasing attention as highly efficient catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), yet their performance in practical devices remains suboptimal due to the low density of accessible active sites. Anchoring iron single atoms on 2D support is a promising way to increase the accessible active sites but remains difficult attributing to the high aggregation tendency of iron atoms on the 2D support. Herein, a vacuum vapor deposition strategy is presented to fabricate an iron SAC supported on ultrathin N‐doped carbon nanosheets with densely active sites (FeSAs‐UNCNS). Experimental analyses confirm that the FeSAs‐UNCNS achieves densely accessible active sites (1.11 × 1020 sites g−1) in the configuration of Fe─N4O. Consequently, the half‐wave potential of FeSAs‐UNCNS in 0.1 m KOH reaches a remarkable value of 0.951 V versus RHE. Moreover, when employed as the cathode of various kinds of Zn–air batteries, FeSAs‐UNCNS exhibits boosting performances by achieving a maximum power density of 306 mW cm−2 and long cycle life (>180 h) at room temperature, surpassing both Pt/C and reported SACs. Further investigations reveal that FeSAs‐UNCNS facilitates the mass and charge transfer during catalysis and the atomic configuration favors the desorption of *OH kinetically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biological gravitational pump (BGP) and particle injection pumps (PIPs) are significant export pathways for particulate organic carbon from the surface ocean to the interior. Part of this exported carbon fuels remineralization in the mesopelagic ocean and part is sequestered in the deep ocean. Using observations from Biogeochemical‐Argo, we characterized the seasonality and magnitude of the BGP and two PIPs: the mixed layer pump (MLP) and eddy subduction pump (ESP), in the Australian sector of the Subantarctic Zone (SAZ sector). For the first time, float‐based estimates were rigorously combined with sediment trap flux (F1000) observations from the Southern Ocean Time Series (SOTS), to investigate these pumps' relative and cumulative contributions to carbon export. The BGP exports about 28.6 g C m−2 year−1, mostly during the productive season and dominates the F1000 seasonality. The MLP exports about 7.6 g C m−2 year−1, mostly while the mixing layer seasonally shoals; the ESP sporadically exports up to 100 mg C m−2 day−1, such that these two PIPs have a short but intense impact on the F1000. The carbon transfer efficiency is 3.6% in the SOTS region. An oxygen‐based annual net community production estimate (∼50 g C m−2 year−1) further strengthens this study, and suggests the BGP and MLP make the dominant contribution to the mesopelagic carbon budget. This is representative of the broader SAZ sector in terms of the magnitude and seasonality of carbon export, the consumption of organic material in the mesopelagic, and the organic carbon sequestration in the deep sea. Key Points: The biological gravitational pump is the largest and most consistent contributor to particulate organic carbon export and sequestrationParticle injection pumps enhance the carbon sequestration intensity but with relatively short duration and low frequencyThe float‐based estimates of carbon export agree well with sediment trap records and help to close the mesopelagic carbon budget [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exploitation of effective and nontoxic materials with antioxidant activity to mitigate or inhibit the damage caused by elevated levels of free radicals has attracted considerable attention across diverse fields. Herein, this study demonstrates that a biocompatible MgAl‐layered double hydroxide (LDH) can be activated for multiple types of free radical scavenging with unexpected activity through amorphization (a‐MgAl‐LDH). Detailed characterization reveals that numerous oxygen defects are introduced after amorphization. Mechanistic studies and theoretical simulations indicate that amorphization‐induced oxygen defects in a‐MgAl‐LDH promote radical adsorption and reduce the reaction energy barriers, thereby resulting in enhanced radical scavenging activities. Consequently, a‐MgAl‐LDH demonstrated remarkable efficiency in mitigating the oxidative injury induced by Rosup in cells and provided thermal stabilization of polyvinyl chloride against degradation. This study demonstrates the transformation of inert MgAl‐LDH into a promising, nontoxic, and cost‐effective nano‐antioxidant option for antioxidative therapy or polymer stabilization and highlights the significance of crystallinity engineering of nanomaterials for efficient free radical scavenging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Al2O3f/SiO2 composites were fabricated by sol–gel process, with a density of 2.22 g/cm3, pyro carbon coating prepared via chemical vapor deposition. The interfacial bonding strength between the fiber and matrix was weakened, and the brittle fracture characteristics of the fiber under a high‐temperature environment were improved, ensuring the integrity and reliability of the structure. The mechanical property and failure mechanism of the composites were investigated using acoustic emission technology (AE). In the tensile test, microcracks first appeared in the sample matrix, followed by matrix damage, fiber matrix debonding, and partial fiber fracture near the peak load. It was worth noting that many fibers remained undamaged when the load suddenly declined. As the loading continued, these fibers were fully pulled out and consequently loaded until they gradually broke. In the shear test, the load increased to its peak and decreased rapidly, and the proportion of the AE signal generated was extremely small (≤.01). Owing to the brittleness of the matrix under shear force, the crack easily expanded along the interlayer instability such that the sample first showed significant interlayer damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: There has been a lack of research examining the relationship between red cell distribution width (RDW) and the prognosis of cardiac arrest (CA) patients. The prognostic value of the changes in RDW during intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization for CA patients has not been investigated. This study aims to investigate the correlation between RDW measures at ICU admission and RDW changes during ICU hospitalization and the prognosis of CA patients and then develop a nomogram that predicts the risk of mortality of these patients. Methods and results: A retrospective cohort study is used to collect clinical characteristics of CA patients (>18 years) that are on their first admission to ICU with RDW data measured from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV Version 2.0 database. Patients are randomly divided into a development cohort (75%) and a validation cohort (25%). The primary outcome is 30 and 360 day all‐cause mortality. ΔRDW is defined as the RDW on ICU discharge minus RDW on ICU admission. A multivariate Cox regression model is applied to test whether the RDW represents an independent risk factor that affects the all‐cause mortality of these patients. Meanwhile, the dose–response relationship between the RDW and the mortality is described by restricted cubic spine (RCS). A prediction model is constructed using a nomogram, which is then assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). A total of 1278 adult CA patients are included in this study. We found that non‐survivors have a higher level of RDW and ΔRDW compared with survivors, and the mortality rate is higher in the high RDW group than in the normal RDW group. The Kaplan–Meier survival curve indicates that patients in the normal RDW group had a higher cumulative survival rate at 30 and 360 days than those in the high RDW group (log‐rank test, χ2 = 36.710, χ2 = 54.960, both P values <0.05). The multivariate Cox regression analysis shows that elevated RDW at ICU admission (>15.50%) is an independent predictor of 30 [hazard ratio = 1.451, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.181–1.782, P < 0.001] and 360 day (hazard ratio = 1.393, 95% CI = 1.160–1.671, P < 0.001) all‐cause mortality among CA patients, and an increase in RDW during ICU hospitalization (ΔRDW ≥ 0.4%) can serve as an independent predictor of mortality among these patients. A non‐linear relationship between the RDW measured at ICU admission and the increased risk of mortality rate of these patients is shown by the RCS. This study established and validated a nomogram based on six variables, anion gap, first‐day Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, cerebrovascular disease, malignant tumour, norepinephrine use, and RDW, to predict mortality risk in CA patients. The consistency indices of 30 and 360 day mortality of CA patients in the validation cohort are 0.721 and 0.725, respectively. The nomogram proved to be well calibrated in the validation cohort. DCA curves indicated that the nomogram provided a higher net benefit over a wide, reasonable range of threshold probabilities for predicting mortality in CA patients and could be adapted for clinical decision‐making. Conclusions: Elevated RDW levels on ICU admission and rising RDW during ICU hospitalization are powerful predictors of all‐cause mortality for CA patients at 30 and 360 days, and they can be used as potential clinical biomarkers to predict the bad prognosis of these patients. The newly developed nomogram, which includes RDW, demonstrates high efficacy in predicting the mortality of CA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subantarctic zone is an important region in the Southern Ocean with respect to its influence on air‐sea CO2 exchange and the global ocean carbon cycle. However, understanding of the magnitude and drivers of the flux are still being refined. Using observations from the Southern Ocean Time Series (SOTS) station (∼47°S, 142°E) and auxiliary data, we developed a multiple linear regression model to compute the sea surface partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) over the past two decades. The mean amplitude of the pCO2 seasonal cycle between 2004 and 2021 was 44 μatm (range 30–54 μatm). Summer minima ranged from 310 to 370 μatm and winter maxima were near equilibrium with the atmosphere. The non‐thermal (i.e., biological processes and mixing) contribution to the seasonal variability in pCO2 was several times larger than the thermal contribution. The SOTS region acted as a net carbon sink at annual time scales, with mean magnitude of 6.0 mmol m−2 d−1. The positive phase of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) increased ocean carbon uptake primarily through an increase in wind speed at zero time lag. Increased surface pCO2 was correlated with a positive SAM with a lag of 4 months, mainly due to reduced biological uptake and increased mixing. During the autotrophic season, pCO2 was predominantly impacted by primary productivity, whereas water mass movement, inferred by temperature and salinity anomalies, had a larger impact on the heterotrophic season. In general, mesoscale processes such as eddies and frontal movement impact the local biogeochemical features more than the SAM. Key Points: An MLR model was built based on Southern Ocean Time Series data, to simulate surface pCO2 in the Australian sector subantarctic zone over the last 20 yearsBiological productivity controls the seasonal variability of pCO2 and drives a net carbon sink over two decadesMesoscale processes, and to a lesser extent, the Southern Annular Mode, drive local air‐sea CO2 flux variability [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The effectiveness and security of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in combination with toripalimab (anti‐PD‐1) for the treatment of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was studied in this article. Methods: Total of 40 patients were enrolled in the study between September 2019 and November 2021. Data follow‐up ends in April 2022. The study's main focus is on recurrence free survival (RFS), while the secondary objectives was safety. Chi‐square tests, Kaplan‐Meier, and Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to analyze the data. Results: The median follow‐up period was 21.40 months, and the median RFS was 15.40 months in the group that received combination therapy, which was statistically significantly different (HR: 0.44, p = 0.04) compared with the RFA group (8.2 months). RFS rates (RFSr) at 6, 12 and 18 months in the combination therapy groups and RFA groups were 80% vs 65%, 62.7% vs 35% and 48.7% vs 18.8%, respectively. Between the two groups, significant difference of RFSr was found at 18 months (p = 0.04). No statistical differences were observed between the two groups in terms of safeness (p > 0.05). The subgroup analysis indicated that the combination of RFA and anti‐PD‐1 led to better RFS than RFA alone. Moreover, patients benefited more from combination therapy in the groups younger than 60 years (HR: 0.26, p = 0.018), male (HR: 0.32, p = 0.028) and Child‐Pugh grade A (HR: 0.38, p = 0.032). Conclusions: Combining RFA with anti‐PD‐1 showed improved RFS and was deemed safe for patients with recurrent HCC who had previously undergone RFA treatment alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing efficient nanozymes to mimic natural enzymes for scavenging reactive radicals remains a significant challenge owing to the insufficient activity of conventional nanozymes. Herein, we report a novel Ru single‐atom nanozyme (SAE), featuring atomically dispersed Ru atoms on a biocompatible MgAl‐layered double hydroxide (Ru1/LDH). The prepared Ru1/LDH SAE shows high intrinsic peroxidase (POD)‐like catalytic activity, which outperforms the Ru nanoclusters (NCs) nanozyme by a factor of 20 and surpasses most SAEs. The density functional theory calculations reveal that the high intrinsic POD‐like activity of Ru1/LDH can be attributed to a heterolytic path of H2O2 dissociation on the single Ru sites, which requires lower free energy (0.43 eV) compared to the homolytic path dissociation on Ru NC (0.63 eV). In addition, the Ru1/LDH SAE shows excellent multiple free radicals scavenging ability, including superoxide anion radical (O2⋅−), hydroxyl radical (⋅OH), nitric oxide radical (NO⋅) and 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH⋅). Given the advantages of Ru1/LDH with high enzymatic activities, biosafety, and ease to scale up, it paves the way for exploring SAEs in the practical biological immunity system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the United States, the aquaculture industry has not seen the same levels of growth in production as other countries—made evident by the $17 billion seafood trade deficit estimated in 2020. Nevertheless, aquaculture remains an important industry fully capable of supplementing the domestic seafood supply and reducing the US seafood trade deficit. Infectious diseases is one of several factors that threatens the capability and sustainability of the aquaculture industry, highlighting the importance of effective control strategies for these pathogens. Antimicrobial products are often used to control and eliminate undesirable microbes in effort to prevent or mitigate the impacts of infectious diseases. Some pathogens are capable of adapting to and resisting the antimicrobial effects, escalating the challenges associated with disease management in aquaculture. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is now recognised by numerous national and international agencies as a top global health concern and is problematic for US aquaculture. Currently, disease prevention and mitigation strategies utilised by US finfish aquaculture can be broken down into three levels; comprehensive protocols (biosecurity, disease response), good husbandry strategies (stress management, proper diet, optimal environment) and effective antimicrobial products (biocides, therapeutics). This review will discuss how each level contributes differently to the overall protection of fish from pathogens. In the era of AMR, this review will also highlight current and emerging alternative strategies that do not rely on traditional antimicrobial products (e.g., vaccines, dietary supplements, novel antimicrobial, stock selection) for disease prevention and mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Double‐layer hollow porous carbon microspheres (DPCMs) with high specific surface area (up to 57.3 m2/g) were synthesized by a hydrothermal method using sucrose as the carbon source, SnCl4 ⋅ 5H2O as the porogen, and sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium polyacrylate as the anionic surfactant and dispersant, respectively. The thickness and morphology of the inner and outer layers of the DPCMs (spherical, bowl‐like, mushroom‐like, or ellipsoidal) could be adjusted by changing the hydrothermal conditions. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR) showed that the surface of the DPCMs was rich in −OH and −COOH functional groups, which was beneficial for subsequent chemical modification of the DPCMs. Because the prepared DPCM had a reactive surface layer and a stable carbonaceous double‐layer structure, the material could be used in supercapacitors and biochemistry, and as catalyst carriers, adsorption materials, and electrode materials, among other applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Absence of any surface arc state has been regarded as the fundamental property of singular Weyl points, because they are circumvented from the Nielsen‐Ninomiya no‐go theorem. In this work, through systematic investigations on topological properties of isolated Weyl phonons (IWPs) surrounded by closed Weyl nodal walls (WNWs), which are located at the Brillouin zone (BZ) boundaries of bosonic systems, it uncovers that a new kind of phononic surface state, that is, the multi‐fold fan‐shape surface state named by us, is exhibited to connect the projections of IWP and WNWs. Importantly, the number of fan leaves in this surface state is associated with the Chern number of IWP. Moreover, the topological features of charge‐two IWP in K2Mg2O3 (SG No. 96) and charge‐four IWP in Nb3Al2N (SG No. 213) confirm further the above fundamental properties of this kind of surface state. The theoretical work not only provides an effective way to seek for IWPs as well as to determine their Chern number in real materials, but also uncovers a new class of surface states in the topological Weyl complex composed of IWPs and WNWs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the ductal anomalous origin of the pulmonary artery (DOPA) constitutes a rare heart anomaly, this malformation has a high mortality rate due to the rapid development of pulmonary hypertension(PTH) and right heart failure. Case Presentation: We report a case of DOPA, in which ductus arteriosus originated from the left pulmonary artery. This article summarizes the embryogenesis, clinical manifestations, complications and prognosis, diagnosis and experience, and treatment strategies of DOPA. The most fundamental sonographic finding was the lack of confluence at the bifurcation of the main pulmonary artery. Scanning upper mediastinum views is essential for the diagnosis. In addition, three‐dimensional echocardiography with high‐definition flow imaging and spatio‐temporal image correlation technique facilitates the identification of the anomalous origin of the pulmonary artery. It should be considered a complementary modality in fetal cardiac examinations. Although rare, DOPA can be diagnosed prenatally, usually at the three‐vessel view (3VV). The early diagnosis of DOPA thus can prevent the potentially devastating effects of PHT and right heart failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aimed to describe the clinicopathological characteristics of recurrent adult granulosa cell tumor and identify the risk factors for recurrence. Material and methods: Seventy recurrent adult granulosa cell tumor patients treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 2000 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The primary outcomes were progression-free survival after first recurrence (PFS-R), overall survival after first recurrence (OS-R) and recurrence frequency. The Kaplan-Meier analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis, and the Prentice, Williams and Peterson counting process (PWP-CP) model were adopted. Results: There were 70 patients included in the study, and recurrence occurred twice in more than 71% of patients, and 49.9% of patients relapsed = three times. The recurrence pattern in over half of the patients at first recurrence was multifocal and distant disease, and abdominal or pelvic mass and liver metastasis were the most common. The 5-year PFS-R was 29.3%, and the 10-year PFS-R was 11.3%; the 5-year OS-R was 94.9%, and the 10-year OS-R was 87.9%. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that patients with distant recurrence and PFS1 (PFS when first recurrence occurred) =60 months had worse PFS-R (p = 0.017, 0.018), and patients with PFS-R = 34 months had worse OS-R (p = 0.023). It demonstrated that PFS1 = 60 months (hazard ratio, HR 1.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-3.4, p = 0.028) was an independent risk factor for PFS-R, and local lesion at recurrence (HR 0.488, 95% CI: 0.3-0.9, p = 0.027) was an independent protective factor for PFS-R. In addition, it demonstrated that PFS-R = 33 months (HR 5.5, 95% CI: 1.2-25.3, p = 0.028) was an independent risk factor for OS-R. The PWP-CP analysis showed that laparoscopic operation (at each operation) could significantly increase recurrence times (p = 0.002, HR = 3.4), and no existence of gross residual lesion (R0) at each recurrence operation could significantly decrease recurrence frequency (p < 0.001, HR <0.001). Conclusions: The recurrence pattern in patients with recurrent adult granulosa cell tumor was characterized as late and repeated, multifocal, and distant relapse. It has been demonstrated that PFS1 = 60 months and distant lesion at recurrence are independent risk factors for PFS-R, and PFS-R = 33 months is an independent risk factor for OS-R. The PWP-CP model showed that the transabdominal approach and surgery reaching R0 could significantly decrease the recurrence frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Logistic regression (LR) is a supervised multiple linear regression model, which uses linear weighted calculation for input to obtain weight coefficients of model. The surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technology greatly enhances the Raman signal of analyte. LR model was used to analyze the data of seven types of pancreatic cancer‐related miRNAs obtained from commercial SERS substrate. The classification ability of the model on such data was observed under the configurations of different key parameters (classification mode, regularization method and loss function optimization way), and the effect of the two types of data formats were also evaluated. The results showed that though LR model used to classify this data did not perform well as expected, miRNA‐191 and miRNA‐4306 still had high recalls (sensitivity), which laid a theoretical foundation for the purpose of using LR model to identify these two miRNAs to jointly diagnose of pancreatic cancer at miRNA level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One‐pot solvothermal reaction of 2‐aminopyridine and triethyl orthoformate with Ni(OAc)2 ⋅ 4H2O afforded a one dimensional (1D) nickel coordination polymer {[Ni(Dpyf′)] ⋅ MeOH}n (Dpyf′=C11H9N4−), 1, which has been structurally characterized by using single crystal X‐ray crystallography. Complex 1 can be considered as a potential heterogeneous catalyst for nitroaldol (Henry) reaction for C−C bond formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous alumina fiber–reinforced alumina matrix composites (Al2O3f/Al2O3 composites) were produced via sol–gel process, then the high‐temperature mechanical property and thermal shock resistance of Al2O3f/Al2O3 composites were investigated. The results showed that the composites exhibited excellent high‐temperature properties. The mechanical property of the composites was affected by heat treatment (prepared at 1100°C exhibited the most desirable mechanical property). The tensile strength of the composites abruptly decreased at higher temperatures. Although the mechanical property of the composites deteriorated after the thermal shock test was conducted at high temperatures, they exhibited excellent thermal shock resistance. After 50 thermal shock tests conducted at 1300 and 1500°C, the flexural strength of the composites was found to be 124.34 and 93.04 MPa, thus showing a decrease in strength with the increasing temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, an electrochemical sensor was developed based on the delaminated titanium carbide nanosheet (d‐Ti3C2Tx) and fullerene (C60) composite modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The composite materials d‐Ti3C2Tx/C60 were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The prepared modified electrode (d‐Ti3C2Tx/C60/GCE) exhibited commendable electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of baicalein. Under the optimum detection conditions, the detection of baicalin showed a wide linear range of 0.015–4.0 μM with a detection limit of 0.005 μM. In addition, the d‐Ti3C2Tx/C60/GCE showed good reproducibility, stability and anti‐interference. It was also successfully used for the determination of baicalin in the commercially available Shuanghuanglian oral liquid with satisfactory results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Opioid abuse and addiction have become a global pandemic, posing tremendous health and social burdens. The rewarding effects and the occurrence of withdrawal symptoms are the two mainstays of opioid addiction. Mu‐opioid receptors (MORs), a member of opioid receptors, play important roles in opioid addiction, mediating both the rewarding effects of opioids and opioid withdrawal syndrome (OWS). The underlying mechanism of MOR‐mediated opioid rewarding effects and withdrawal syndrome is of vital importance to understand the nature of opioid addiction and also provides theoretical basis for targeting MORs to treat drug addiction. In this review, we first briefly introduce the basic concepts of MORs, including their structure, distribution in the nervous system, endogenous ligands, and functional characteristics. We focused on the brain circuitry and molecular mechanism of MORs‐mediated opioid reward and withdrawal. The neuroanatomical and functional elements of the neural circuitry of the reward system underlying opioid addiction were thoroughly discussed, and the roles of MOR within the reward circuitry were also elaborated. Furthermore, we interrogated the roles of MORs in OWS, along with the structural basis and molecular adaptions of MORs‐mediated withdrawal syndrome. Finally, current treatment strategies for opioid addiction targeting MORs were also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is characterized by dysregulated cytokine release, immune responses and is associated with organ dysfunction. IL‐6R blockade indicates promising therapeutic effects in cytokine release storm but still remains unknown in SIRS. To address the issue, we generated the human il‐6r knock‐in mice and a defined epitope murine anti‐human membrane‐bound IL‐6R (mIL‐6R) mAb named h‐mIL‐6R mAb. We found that the h‐mIL‐6R and the commercial IL‐6R mAb Tocilizumab significantly improved the survival rate, reduced the levels of TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1β, IFN‐γ, transaminases and blood urea nitrogen of LPS‐induced SIRS mice. Besides, the h‐mIL‐6R mAb could also dramatically reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines in LPS‐treated THP‐1 cells in vitro. RNA‐seq analysis indicated that the h‐mIL‐6R mAb could regulate LPS‐induced activation of NF‐κB/Ccl2 and NOD‐like receptor signaling pathways. Furthermore, we found that the h‐mIL‐6R mAb could forwardly inhibit Ccl2 expression and NLRP3‐mediated pyroptosis by suppressing NF‐κB in combination with the NF‐κB inhibitor. Collectively, mIL‐6R mAbs suppressed NF‐κB/Ccl2 signaling and inflammasome activation. IL‐6R mAbs are potential alternative therapeutics for suppressing excessive cytokine release, over‐activated inflammatory responses and alleviating organ injuries in SIRS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to better understand the sources, sinks, and hydrodynamic influences on particulate matter distribution and variability in Arctic basins, we combined transmissometer data from two 2015 fall expeditions: one from Bering Strait (USCGC Healy) and the other from Barents Sea (R/V Polarstern) meeting at the North Pole. These first trans-Arctic sections of beam attenuation were overlain by salinity, temperature, and chlorophyll-a fluorescence (Chl-a) contours. Chl-a sections were overlain by nitrate contours. Particle composition analyzed from filtered samples throughout the full water column aided significantly in discerning sources, distribution, and dynamics of particles. Dense Pacific water moving swiftly through Bering Strait erodes and carries sediment-laden waters onto the Chukchi Shelf and into the Canada Basin. This nutrient-rich Pacific water sinks below a low-salinity, nutrient-poor polar mixed layer, forming a thick lens of high salinity water known as Pacific halocline water (salinity 31-33). Ice and the nutrient-poor mixed layer inhibit photosynthesis in surface waters of Canada and Makarov Basins, but subsurface chlorophyll-a maxima are observed if nutrients and light are available. Surface-water biomass is greater in the Barents Sea than in the Beaufort Gyre because nutrient-rich Atlantic water entering Barents Sea is not isolated from surface waters by ice or strong stratification. Surface water cools, creating high-density water that cascades into ~400 m basins in Barents Sea and into deep Nansen Basin, eroding sediment that creates patches of nepheloid layers in the shallow basins. Intense nepheloid layers in the deep basins are rare, suggesting weak bottom currents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the effect of phase transformation on microstructure evolution and mechanical behaviors of mullite fibers was well investigated from 1100 to 1300°C. In such a narrow temperature range, the microstructure and mechanical properties showed great changes, which were significant to be studied. The temperature of the alumina phase transformation started at below 1100°C. The main phases in fibers were γ‐Al2O3 and δ‐Al2O3 with amorphous SiO2 at 1150°C. The stable α‐Al2O3 formed at 1200°C. Then the mullite phase reaction occurred. As the alumina phase reaction took place, the tensile strength increased with the increasing temperature. In particular, the filaments achieved the highest strength at 1150°C with 1.98 ± 0.17 GPa, and the Young's modulus was 163.08 ± 4.69 GPa, showing excellent mechanical performance. After 1200°C, the mullite phase reaction went on with the crystallization of orthorhombic mullite. The density of surface defects increased rapidly due to thermal grooving, which led to mechanical properties degrade sharply. The strength at 1200°C was 1.01 ± 0.15 GPa with a strength retention of 63.13%, and the Young's modulus was 184.14 ± 10.36 GPa. While at 1300°C, the tensile strength was 0.64 ± 0.14 GPa with a strength retention of only 40.00%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Arctic Ocean is unique, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific basins and being especially vulnerable to the impacts of a changing climate. Iron stable isotopes (δ56Fe) provide a unique window into the biogeochemical cycling of Fe in the Arctic. Here we present the first seawater δ56 Fe for the Western Arctic Ocean, from the 2015 U.S. GEOTRACES GN01 transect. Samples analyzed for δ56Fe include seawater dissolved (<0.2 μm), soluble (<-0.003 μm), and leachable particulate phases. Several key processes were explored using Fe isotopes, each characterized by a distinct combination of δ56Fe and Fe concentrations. Input of Fe from reducing continental shelf sediments was characterized by high dissolved Fe concentrations (6.18 ± 4.84 nmol kg-1) and low δ56 Fe (-1.57 ± 0.66‰). Riverine Fe input observed in the Transpolar Drift Current was characterized by high Fe concentrations corresponding to a riverine end-member Fe concentration of 19 nM, and near-zero δ56Fe (0.02 ± 0.23‰) that was similar to that of average crustal material. The deep Arctic was mostly characterized by low Fe concentrations (0.33 ± 0.14 nmol kg-1) and slightly higher δ56Fe (0.05 ± 0.30‰), except for samples taken near continental slopes that were affected by sedimentary Fe input with lower δ56 Fe, and in the Amundsen Basin which showed possible hydrothermal Fe input. Our data thus illuminate Fe biogeochemical cycling processes in the modern Arctic Ocean, and serve as a baseline for understanding how the Arctic Fe cycle responds to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extreme high-temperature event is one of the most urgent climate issues faced by coordinated development of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region (BTH) in the future due to global warming and urbanization. Based on the homogenized daily temperatures from 174 meteorological observation stations, six extreme hot events were detected. The results revealed the spatiotemporal change characteristics of the extreme high temperature in the BTH. The acquired evidence showed the maximum daily minimum temperature (TNx), high-temperature days (SU35), hot night days (TR25), and heatwave spell durations (HWDI) have significantly increased, while the daily temperature range (DTR) has significantly decreased (p < 0.01) during 1961–2018. The SU35, TR25 and HWDI in 2010s were 68%, 2.8 times and 2.1 times higher than that in 1980s, respectively. Moreover, since 1961, the high-temperature season in the BTH has been getting longer at a rate of 7.4d/10a. The study also revealed the contribution of urbanization on high-temperature indices depends on city size and location in the BTH. The magnitudes of the indices change in the downtown area of Beijing, Tianjin and Shijiazhuang ranked top in the 13 cities of the BTH, which are closely related to the urban development. The mean contribution of urbanization on maximum daily maximum temperature (TXx), TNx, SU35 and TR25 was 68%, 45% and 27% in Beijing, Tianjin and Shijiazhuang, respectively. The socio-economic driving factors have an important impact on the change rates of the extreme high-temperature indices, which means that controlling population, city size and reducing energy consumption could effectively alleviate the urban heat island (UHI) effect and slow down the high-temperature events in the BTH. In the future, it is vital to further study and investigate the mechanism of the extreme high-temperature changes through numerical simulations and to research their impact and response in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sepsis is a life‐threatening organ dysfunction syndrome, and liver is a susceptible target organ in sepsis, because the activation of inflammatory pathways contributes to septic liver injury. Oxidative stress has been documented to participate in septic liver injury, because it not only directly induces oxidative genotoxicity, but also exacerbates inflammatory pathways to potentiate damage of liver. Therefore, to ameliorate oxidative stress is promising for protecting liver in sepsis. Wogonin is the compound extracted from the medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis Geogi and was found to exert therapeutic effects in multiple inflammatory diseases via alleviation of oxidative stress. However, whether wogonin is able to mitigate septic liver injury remains unknown. Herein, we firstly proved that wogonin treatment could improve survival of mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐ or caecal ligation and puncture (CLP)‐induced sepsis, together with restoration of reduced body temperature and respiratory rate, and suppression of several pro‐inflammatory cytokines in circulation. Then, we found that wogonin effectively alleviated liver injury via potentiation of the anti‐oxidative capacity. To be specific, wogonin activated Nrf2 thereby promoting expressions of anti‐oxidative enzymes including NQO‐1, GST, HO‐1, SOD1 and SOD2 in hepatocytes. Moreover, wogonin‐induced Nrf2 activation could suppress NF‐κB‐regulated up‐regulation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Ultimately, we provided in vivo evidence that wogonin activated Nrf2 signalling, potentiated anti‐oxidative enzymes and inhibited NF‐κB‐regulated pro‐inflammatory signalling. Taken together, this study demonstrates that wogonin can be the potential therapeutic agent for alleviating liver injury in sepsis by simultaneously ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammatory response through the activation of Nrf2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a design of flexible triboelectric generator integrated with high‐efficiency energy storage unit (FTEG‐ES) is proposed. The power generation unit is a flexible triboelectric generator (FTEG). Natural rubber and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) release film with silicone oil on the surface are used as the friction layer, and the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) layer prepared by electrospinning is added compared with traditional structure to improve output performance. The flexible solid‐state capacitor made of chemical cross‐linked poly(vinyl alcohol)−H2SO4 hydrogel (CPH) and activated carbon is used as an energy storage unit. The test results prove that adding the PVDF layer effectively increases the output performance of FTEG. The open‐circuit voltage and short‐circuit current are increased by 19% and 47%, respectively. The short‐circuit current density and maximum output power are up to 1.30 μA cm−2 and 100 μW cm−2, respectively. The flexible solid‐state capacitor can store energy more efficiently than electrolytic capacitors. The charging speed of the flexible solid‐state capacitor is increased by 34.4% compared with electrolytic capacitors when charge the 1 mF capacitor to 1.5 V. Finally, the experiments show that FTEG‐ES can be used as a backup power source for low‐power devices. The feasibility of triboelectric generator applications is explored by this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Al2O3f/SiO2 composites were fabricated efficiently using sol‐gel process. The degradation behavior exposed to Na2SO4 environment at 1100℃ and MMH/N2O4 bipropellants test were investigated and compared. The results showed that the strength of Al2O3f/SiO2 composites gradually decreased as the ratio of Na2SO4:water increased; the strength of the composites was only 23.56 MPa at 20% (Na2SO4:water), which suggested that the composites maintained lower strength. Cracks began to appear in SiO2 matrix, and the structure of Al2O3f/SiO2 composites could be corroded which would corrode the SiO2 matrix, leaving naked fibers. Developing a protective layer with higher stability for Al2O3f/SiO2 composites would be considered for long time use. The composites showed higher ablation resistance to MMH/N2O4 bipropellant test; the flexural strength was (77.15 ± 4.56) MPa and the retention ratio was 98.7%. The degradation of Al2O3f/SiO2 composites was promoted owing to the thermal‐mechanical and chemical factors. SiO2 matrix became weak and fragile at elevated temperature; some SiO2 matrix became loosened and porous after being washed away through the shearing of MMH/N2O4 bipropellants, which prevented cracks from penetrating Al2O3 fibers. With ongoing test, the fibers were worsened by thermal‐mechanical corrosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the changes of temporomandibular joints (TMJs) through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning and the electrical changes in mandibular movement and masticatory muscle surface of mild‐to‐moderate obstructive sleep apnoea‐hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS) patients before and after treatment with mandibular advancement device (MAD). Methods: This was a single‐centre, prospective study recruiting OSAHS patients undergoing treatment with MAD in Department of Stomatology, Yannan Hospital, Kunming, China. Patients were recruited from February 2015 to October 2015, and TMJ changes were observed in MRI scanning before and after 18 months of treatment with MAD in cohort 1. The second cohort of the patients were recruited from January 2014 to September 2015 and electrical changes in mandibular movement and masticatory muscle surface of patients before and after 6 months of treatment with MAD. Results: In the cohort 1, TMJ changes analysed through MRI scanning, before and after 18‐month treatment with MAD, there was no significant deviation in the angle of joint disc position. A minor change in the position relationship between condylar process, articular disc and articular fossa but not significant was observed. There was no significant difference in the shape and magnitude of mandibular incision edge movement, percussion movement, masticatory movement and condylar central trajectory among the recruited OSAHS patients, before and after 6 months of MAD treatment as analysed through electromyography. Conclusion: In this study, from the results it was evident that the effect of MAD on the stomatognathic system of OSAHS patients is minimal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron homeostasis is essential for maintaining cellular function in a wide range of cell types. However, whether iron affects the thermogenic properties of adipocytes is currently unknown. Using integrative analyses of multi‐omics data, transferrin receptor 1 (Tfr1) is identified as a candidate for regulating thermogenesis in beige adipocytes. Furthermore, it is shown that mice lacking Tfr1 specifically in adipocytes have impaired thermogenesis, increased insulin resistance, and low‐grade inflammation accompanied by iron deficiency and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mechanistically, the cold treatment in beige adipocytes selectively stabilizes hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐alpha (HIF1α), upregulating the Tfr1 gene, and thermogenic adipocyte‐specific Hif1α deletion reduces thermogenic gene expression in beige fat without altering core body temperature. Notably, Tfr1 deficiency in interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) leads to the transdifferentiation of brown preadipocytes into white adipocytes and muscle cells; in contrast, long‐term exposure to a low‐iron diet fails to phenocopy the transdifferentiation effect found in Tfr1‐deficient mice. Moreover, mice lacking transmembrane serine protease 6 (Tmprss6) develop iron deficiency in both inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) and iBAT, and have impaired cold‐induced beige adipocyte formation and brown fat thermogenesis. Taken together, these findings indicate that Tfr1 plays an essential role in thermogenic adipocytes via both iron‐dependent and iron‐independent mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A major surface circulation feature of the Arctic Ocean is the Transpolar Drift (TPD), a current that transports river‐influenced shelf water from the Laptev and East Siberian Seas toward the center of the basin and Fram Strait. In 2015, the international GEOTRACES program included a high‐resolution pan‐Arctic survey of carbon, nutrients, and a suite of trace elements and isotopes (TEIs). The cruises bisected the TPD at two locations in the central basin, which were defined by maxima in meteoric water and dissolved organic carbon concentrations that spanned 600 km horizontally and ~25–50 m vertically. Dissolved TEIs such as Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Hg, Nd, and Th, which are generally particle‐reactive but can be complexed by organic matter, were observed at concentrations much higher than expected for the open ocean setting. Other trace element concentrations such as Al, V, Ga, and Pb were lower than expected due to scavenging over the productive East Siberian and Laptev shelf seas. Using a combination of radionuclide tracers and ice drift modeling, the transport rate for the core of the TPD was estimated at 0.9 ± 0.4 Sv (106m³ s−1). This rate was used to derive the mass flux for TEIs that were enriched in the TPD, revealing the importance of lateral transport in supplying materials beneath the ice to the central Arctic Ocean and potentially to the North Atlantic Ocean via Fram Strait. Continued intensification of the Arctic hydrologic cycle and permafrost degradation will likely lead to an increase in the flux of TEIs into the Arctic Ocean. Plain Language Summary A major feature of the Arctic Ocean circulation is the Transpolar Drift (TPD), a surface current that carries ice and continental shelf‐derived materials from Siberia across the North Pole to the North Atlantic Ocean. In 2015, an international team of oceanographers conducted a survey of trace elements in the Arctic Ocean, traversing the TPD. Near the North Pole, they observed much higher concentrations of trace elements in surface waters than in regions on either side of the current. These trace elements originated from land, and their journey across the Arctic Ocean is made possible by chemical reactions with dissolved organic matter that originates mainly in Arctic rivers. This study reveals the importance of rivers and shelf processes combined with strong ocean currents in supplying trace elements to the central Arctic Ocean and onward to the Atlantic. These trace element inputs are expected to increase as a result of permafrost thawing and increased river runoff in the Arctic, which is warming at a rate much faster than anywhere else on Earth. Since many of the trace elements are essential building blocks for ocean life, these processes could lead to significant changes in the marine ecosystems and fisheries of the Arctic Ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing number of studies recognize that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are essential to mediate multiple tumorigenic processes, including hepatic tumorigenesis. However, the pathological mechanism of lncRNA‐regulated liver cancer cell growth remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified a novel function lncRNA, named polo‐like kinase 4 associated lncRNA (lncRNA PLK4, GenBank Accession No. RP11‐50D9.3), whose expression was dramatically down‐regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and cells. Interestingly, talazoparib, a novel and highly potent poly‐ADP‐ribose polymerase 1/2 (PARP1/2) inhibitor, could increase lncRNA PLK4 expression in HepG2 cells. Importantly, we showed that talazoparib‐induced lncRNA PLK4 could function as a tumour suppressor gene by Yes‐associated protein (YAP) inactivation and induction of cellular senescence to inhibit liver cancer cell viability and growth. In summary, our findings reveal the molecular mechanism of talazoparib‐induced anti‐tumor effect, and suggest a potential clinical use of talazoparib‐targeted lncRNA PLK4/YAP‐dependent cellular senescence for the treatment of HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Hepatic sinusoidal angiogenesis owing to dysfunctional liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) accompanied by an abnormal angioarchitecture is a symbol related to liver fibrogenesis, which indicates a potential target for therapeutic interventions. However, there are few researches connecting angiogenesis with liver fibrosis, and the deeper mechanism remains to be explored. Materials and Methods: Cell angiogenesis and angiogenic protein were examined in primary LSECs of rats, and multifarious cellular and molecular assays revealed the efficiency of curcumol intervention in fibrotic mice. Results: We found that curcumol inhibited angiogenic properties through regulating their upstream mediator hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α). The transcription activation of HIF‐1α was regulated by hedgehog signalling on the one hand, and the protein stabilization of HIF‐1α was under the control of Prospero‐related homeobox 1 (PROX1) on the other. A deubiquitinase called USP19 could be recruited by PROX1 and involved in ubiquitin‐dependent degradation of HIF‐1α. Furthermore, our researches revealed that hedgehog signalling participated in the activation of PROX1 transcription probably in vitro. Besides, curcumol was found to ameliorate liver fibrosis and sinusoid angiogenesis via hedgehog pathway in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver fibrotic mice. The protein expression of key regulatory factors, PROX1 and HIF‐1α, was consistent with the Smo, the marker protein of Hh signalling pathway. Conclusions: In this article, we evidenced that curcumol controlling LSEC‐mediated angiogenesis could be a promising therapeutic approach for liver fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Our previous study indicated that chronic stress caused autophagy impairment and subsequent neuron apoptosis in hippocampus. However, the mechanism underlying the stress‐induced damage to neurons is unclear. In present work, we investigated whether stress‐level glucocorticoids (GCs) GCs promoted PC12 cell damage via AMPK/mTOR signaling‐mediated autophagy. Methods: Chronic stress‐induced PC12 cell injury model was built by treatment with high level corticosterone (CORT). Cell injury was evaluated by flow cytometry assay and transmission electron microscopy observation. Results: Autophagy flux was measured based on the changes in LC3‐II and P62 protein expressions, and the color alteration of mCherry‐GFP‐LC3‐II transfection. Our results showed that CORT not only increased cell injury and apoptosis, but also dysregulated AMPK/mTOR signaling‐mediated autophagy flux, as indicated by the upregulated expression of LC3‐II and P62 proteins, and the lowered ration of autolysosomes to autophagosomes. Mechanistically, our results demonstrated that autophagy activation by AMPK activator metformin or mTOR inhibitor rapamycin obviously promotes cell survival and autophagy flux, improved mitochondrial ultrastructure, and reduced expression of Cyt‐C and caspase‐3 in CORT‐induced PC12 cells. Conclusion: These results indicate that high CORT triggers PC12 cell damage through disrupting AMPK/mTOR‐mediated autophagy flux. Targeting this signaling may be a promising approach to protect against high CORT and chronic stress‐induced neuronal impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a great health burden to patients owing to its poor overall survival rate. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) interact with microRNAs (miRs) to participate in tumorigenesis. Therefore, we aim to uncover the role and related mechanism of LINC00473 in PC through the modulation of miR‐195‐5p and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1). Increased LINC00473 and PD‐L1 but declined miR‐195‐5p were determined in PC tissues and cell lines, and it was found that LINC00473 mainly situated in the cytoplasm. Also, miR‐195‐5p was verified to bind with both LINC00473 and PD‐L1. Next, with the aim to examine the ability of LINC00473, miR‐195‐5p, and PD‐L1 on the PC progression, the expression of LINC00473, miR‐195‐5p and PD‐L1 were altered with mimics, inhibitors, overexpression vectors or siRNAs in PC cells and cocultured CD8+ T cells. It was demonstrated that LINC00473 sponged miR‐195‐5p to upregulate PD‐L1 expression. More important, the obtained results revealed that LINC00473 silencing or miR‐195‐5p upregulation elevated the expression of Bcl‐2 associated X protein (Bax), interferon (IFN)‐γ, and interleukin (IL)‐4 but reduced the expression of B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2, MMP‐9, and IL‐10, thus inducing the enhancement of the apoptosis as along with the inhibition of proliferation, invasion, and migration of the PC cells. LINC00473 silencing or miR‐195‐5p elevation activated the CD8+ T cells. Taken together, LINC00473 silencing blocked the PC progression through enhancing miR‐195‐5p‐targeted downregulation of PD‐L1. This finding offers new therapeutic options for treating this devastating disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Telitacicept might be a new treatment option for MCD patients with poor response to long-term glucocorticoids. Prednisone 30 mg/day and tacrolimus 1 mg/day led to complete remission after 8-month treatment, but the disease recurred after reducing the prednisone dose. Minimal change disease (MCD) is a common pathological type of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.[1] The first-line therapy is prednisone,[2] but steroid-sensitive forms frequently relapse. [Extracted from the article]

Synthetic challenges have significantly slowed the development of the catalytic asymmetric hydroarsination reaction despite it being a highly attractive C−As bond formation methodology. In addition, there is a poor understanding of the main reaction steps in such reactions which limit further development in the field. Herein, key intermediates of the hydroarsination reaction catalyzed by a PCP NiII‐Cl pincer complex are presented upon investigating the reaction with DFT calculations, conductivity measurements, NMR spectroscopy, and catalytic screening. The novel Ni–Cl–As interaction proposed was then contrasted against known NiII‐catalyzed hydrophosphination reactions to highlight dissimilarities between them even though P and As share a close group relationship. Lastly, the asymmetric hydroarsination of nitroolefins was further developed to furnish a library of chiral organoarsines in up to 99 % yield and 80 % ee under mild conditions (−20 °C to RT) between 5 to 210 mins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]