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The ability to visualise microRNA in situ is crucial for studying microRNAs, their microRNA‐associated biological functions and disease diagnosis. Traditional fluorescence in situ hybridisation methods based on paraformaldehyde fixation of microRNAs suffer from release of microRNAs from cells, which limits the sensitivity of in situ hybridisation, making them unsuitable for the detection of small, low‐abundance microRNAs. To reduce the loss, microRNAs were covalently cross‐linked to proteins within cells by combining EDC and paraformaldehyde, and the target microRNA was used as the initiator chain for a branched hybridisation chain reaction to detect microRNA expression levels in situ. A simplified branched hybridisation chain reaction can be realised by coupling two hybridisation chain reaction circuits with a hairpin linker. Upon forming the primary hybridisation chain reaction product with extended sequence, this sequence reacts with the linker hairpin H3 to release the initiator sequence, resulting in the formation of numerous dendritic branched hybridisation chain reaction products. Imaging results show that this technique can detect microRNAs with high sensitivity and selectivity at both the single‐cell and single‐molecule levels. Compared with the traditional fluorescence in situ hybridisation technique, this method greatly improves the sensitivity and image resolution of in situ imaging detection. Therefore, we believe that the target‐initiated branched hybridisation chain reaction based in situ detection method provides a reliable assay platform for analysing disease‐related microRNA expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LaB6–HfB2 composites with the different HfB2 contents (10 wt.%, 30 wt.%, 50 wt.%, 70 wt.%, and 90 wt.%) were densified by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Results showed that the densification mechanism of the composite transformed from the grain boundary diffusion into the dislocation climbing mechanism as the holding time was extended from 0 to 15 min under temperature range of 1750–1900°C. The HfB2 phase could effectively limit the grain growth of LaB6 phase, and the dynamic growth of the grain was governed by grain boundary diffusion. Both the Berkovich hardness and Vickers hardness obeyed the normal indentation size effect. LaB6–70 wt.% HfB2 composite had the highest fracture toughness of 3.98 ±.43 MPa m.5, whereas the highest current density of 18.34 A/cm2 belonged to LaB6–30 wt.% HfB2 composite. All the results demonstrated that LaB6–HfB2 composite was a promising material with the excellent structural and functional performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recognizing the strong potential of cold cathodes for important commercial applications in fields such as electronics, there is a growing interest in the exploration of novel 1D nanomaterials. Among various cold cathode materials, TaSi2 is of great interest for its outstanding field emission performance. In this work, the Si‐TaSi2 eutectic composite with nano‐sized highly oriented TaSi2 fibers and semi‐coherent phase interfaces is prepared by the laser floating zone melting technique with a very high‐temperature gradient of 6000 K cm−1 at a solidification rate of 200 µm s−1. On the basis of directionally solidified Si‐TaSi2 eutectic composite, well‐aligned TaSi2 nanorod and nanotip arrays are fabricated by inductively coupling plasma (ICP) etching process and HNO3/HF wet etching process, respectively. The field emission measurements show that the field enhancement factor, turn‐on electric field, and effective work function are strongly affected by tip morphologies. The TaSi2 array with regular nanotip structure possesses the best field emission characteristic among all TaSi2 nanostructures, with a relatively low turn‐on field of 4.8 V µm−1 and a high current density of 733 µA cm−2. These findings preliminarily establish a clear relationship between the performance and structure of the array, providing technical guidance for the application of this material in electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phase composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered (SPSed) AlCrFeNiX (X = Co, Cu, and CoCu) high entropy alloys (HEAs) were investigated. The results show that gas‐atomized AlCrFeNiCo and AlCrFeNiCu HEAs exhibit the single body‐centered cubic (BCC) phase, while a dual‐phase (face‐centered cubic (FCC) + BCC) structure is observed in AlCrFeNiCoCu HEA. After spark plasma sintering, an FCC phase with different lattice parameters can be observed in all three HEAs except for the BCC phase. FCC1 phase enriched in Fe‐Cr and FCC2 phase enriched in Cu appear in SPSed AlCrFeNiCo and AlCrFeNiCu HEAs, respectively, while both FCC1 and FCC2 phases are precipitated in SPSed AlCrFeNiCoCu HEA. The SPSed AlCrFeNiCoCu HEA has the largest fraction of the FCC phase (33%), while the lowest fraction of the FCC phase (12%) is observed in the SPSed AlCrFeNiCu HEA. Furthermore, the brittle and hard σ phase is also precipitated in SPSed AlCrFeNiCo HEA. The SPSed AlCrFeNiCo HEA possesses the highest hardness of 465 HV and compressive yield strength of 1175 MPa, which is attributed to the high volume fraction of BCC phase and σ phase, while the SPSed AlCrFeNiCoCu HEA shows the lowest hardness of 363 HV and compressive yield strength of 1024 MPa due to the highest volume fraction of FCC phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ternary cuprous (Cu+)‐based metal halides, represented by cesium copper iodide (e.g., CsCu2I3 and Cs3Cu2I5), are garnering increasing interest for light‐emitting applications owing to their intrinsically high photoluminescence quantum yield and direct band gap. Toward electrically driven light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), it is highly desirable for the light emitters to have a high structural dimensionality as it may favor efficient electrical injection. However, unlike lead‐based halide perovskites whose light‐emitting units can be facilely arranged in three‐dimensional (3D) ways, to date, nearly all ternary Cu+‐based metal halides crystallize into 0D or 1D networks of Cu−X (X=Cl, Br, I) polyhedra, whereas 3D and even 2D structures remain mostly uncharted. Here, by employing a fluorinated organic cation, we report a new kind of ternary Cu+‐based metal halides, (DFPD)CuX2 (DFPD+=4,4‐difluoropiperidinium), which exhibits unique 2D layered crystal structure. Theoretical calculations reveal a highly dispersive conduction band of (DFPD)CuBr2, which is beneficial for charge carrier injection. It is also of particular significance to find that the 2D (DFPD)CuBr2 crystals show appealing properties, including improved ambient stability and an efficient warm white‐light emission, making it a promising candidate for single‐component lighting and display applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endowing tactile feedback for prosthetic hands is profound for upper‐limb amputees. However, existing prosthetic hands are generally not in possession of the embedded sensory feedback. Herein, a flexible tactile sensor array which can be integrated into an untethered soft prosthetic hand to achieve static and dynamic discrimination tasks is presented. The flexible piezoresistive sensory arrays with 25 sensor units which can be arranged on five fingers of the soft prosthetic hand are fabricated. According to the collected large‐scale tactile dataset (including pressure distribution and pressure magnitude) during different grasping tasks, a learning‐based classification model that can reveal the correspondences between tactile information and object attributes while interacting with touched objects is developed. To transfer tactile information extracted from tactile sensor arrays, a wearable vibrotactile feedback band with a spatial coding feedback strategy is implemented by selectively activating vibrotactile motors located on the skin of the upper arm. In a set of tests performed by an individual with transradial amputation and eight able‐bodied subjects, the soft prosthetic hand integrated with tactile sensor arrays can help the users regain finger tactile sensation, discriminate grasped objects, and achieve real‐time dynamic rolling detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumor recurrence is a life‐threatening complication after liver transplantation (LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Precise recurrence risk stratification before transplantation is essential for the management of recipients. Here, we aimed to establish an inflammation‐related prediction model for posttransplant HCC recurrence based on pretransplant peripheral cytokine profiling. Two hundred and ninety‐three patients who underwent LT in two independent medical centers were enrolled, and their pretransplant plasma samples were sent for cytokine profiling. We identified four independent risk factors, including alpha‐fetoprotein, systemic immune‐inflammation index, interleukin 6, and osteocalcin in the training cohort (n = 190) by COX regression analysis. A prediction model named inflammatory fingerprint (IFP) was established based on the above factors. The IFP effectively predicted posttransplant recurrence (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC]: 0.792, C‐index: 0.736). The high IFP group recipients had significantly worse 3‐year recurrence‐free survival rates (37.9 vs. 86.9%, p < 0.001). Simultaneous T‐cell profiling revealed that recipients with high IFP were characterized by impaired T cell function. The IFP also performed well in the validation cohort (n = 103, AUROC: 0.807, C‐index: 0.681). In conclusion, the IFP efficiently predicted posttransplant HCC recurrence and helped to refine pretransplant risk stratification. Impaired T cell function might be the intrinsic mechanism for the high recurrence risk of recipients in the high IFP group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dual‐ion batteries (DIBs) present great application potential in low‐temperature energy storage scenarios due to their unique dual‐ion working mechanism. However, at low temperatures, the insufficient electrochemical oxidation stability of electrolytes and depressed interfacial compatibility impair the DIB performance. Here, we design a variant‐localized high‐concentration solvation structure for universal low‐temperature electrolytes (ν‐LHCE) without the phase separation via introducing an extremely weak‐solvating solvent with low energy levels. The unique solvation structure gives the ν‐LHCE enhanced electrochemical oxidation stability. Meanwhile, the extremely weak‐solvating solvent can competitively participate in the Li+‐solvated coordination, which improves the Li+ transfer kinetics and boosts the formation of robust interphases. Thus, the ν‐LHCE electrolyte not only has a good high‐voltage stability of >5.5 V and proper Li+ transference number of 0.51 but also shows high ionic conductivities of 1 mS/cm at low temperatures. Consequently, the ν‐LHCE electrolyte enables different types of batteries to achieve excellent long‐term cycling stability and good rate capability at both room and low temperatures. Especially, the capacity retentions of the DIB are 77.7 % and 51.6 %, at −40 °C and −60 °C, respectively, indicating great potential for low‐temperature energy storage applications, such as polar exploration, emergency communication equipment, and energy storage station in cold regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the SrO‐Al2O3‐B2O3‐SiO2 glass system, a SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ long‐persistent luminescence glass‐ceramic (SAGC) with Li2O was successfully synthesized for the first time using the recrystallization‐melting method. The composition, micromorphology, long‐persistent luminescence (LPL) properties, photoluminescence (PL) properties, and water resistance were measured by X‐ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, brightness meter, fluorescence spectrophotometer, and pH meter, respectively. The method involves the formation of grains below the glass transition temperature, followed by the formation of the glass phase at a higher temperature, and finally the formation of products through cooling. The samples exhibited green PL and LPL emissions and demonstrated excellent color purity, homogeneity, and LPL luminescence. After doping Li2O, the purity and crystallinity of the SrAl2O4 were improved, and scalene hexagonal or monoclinic prismatic SrAl2O4 crystals with high regularity were synthesized in the glass matrix. This research indicates that excellent LPL benefits from the complete crystal structure, abundant crystals, and large crystal size. When the Li2O content reached 5 mol%, the crystal size was ∼30 µm, the PL and LPL properties performed best, and greater water resistance was exhibited. The SAGC in this new glass system has potential in optical storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nacre is a classic model, providing an inspiration for fabricating high‐performance bulk nanocomposites with the two‐dimensional platelets. However, the "brick" of nacre, aragonite platelet, is an ideal building block for making high‐performance bulk nanocomposites. Herein, we demonstrated a strong and tough conductive nacre through reassembling aragonite platelets with bridged by MXene nanosheets and hydrogen bonding, not only providing high mechanical properties but also excellent electrical conductivity. The flexural strength and fracture toughness of the obtained conductive nacre reach ~282 MPa and ~6.3 MPa m1/2, which is 1.6 and 1.6 times higher than that of natural nacre, respectively. These properties are attributed to densification and high orientation degree of the conductive nacre, which is effectively induced by the combined interactions of hydrogen bonding and MXene nanosheets bridging. The crack propagations in conductive nacre are effectively inhibited through crack deflection with hydrogen bonding, and MXene nanosheets bridging between aragonite platelets. In addition, our conductive nacre also provides a self‐monitoring function for structural damage and offers exceptional electromagnetic interference shielding performance. Our strategy of reassembling the aragonite platelets exfoliated from waste nacre into high‐performance artificial nacre, provides an avenue for fabricating high‐performance bulk nanocomposites through the sustainable reutilization of shell resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid advances in nanotechnology have made it possible to combine photothermal therapy (PTT) with immunotherapy, enabling to activate an in situ vaccine effect. However, this effect is severely impeded by low antigen presentation level and highly suppressive tumor immune microenvironment (immune "cold" tumors). To overcome the obstacles, multifunctional carrier‐free nanoparticles (FCDP‐NPs) assembled from Fe2+, toll‐like receptor 9 agonist (CpG), cationic lipid (DOTAP) and photothermal agent polydopamine are developed. After intratumoral injection, FCDP‐NPs carrying positive charge are exposed under laser irradiation, which can capture tumor‐associated antigens (TAAs) generated upon post‐PTT to form the nanovaccines (FCD‐NPs@TAAs). The nanovaccines further promote cross‐presentation of TAAs, stimulate adaptive immune responses, and shape immune "hot" tumors. As a result, in situ nanovaccines highly improve survival rates and elicit a durable immune memory that remarkedly prevents tumor metastasis, illustrating a useful platform for PTT synergized with immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cooperative diagnosis of non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) can accurately reflect the state of cell differentiation and classification, laying the foundation of precision medicine. However, there are still challenges in simultaneous analyses of multiple ncRNAs and the integration of biomarker data for cell typing. In this study, DNA framework‐based programmable atom‐like nanoparticles (PANs) are designed to develop molecular classifiers for intra‐cellular imaging of multiple ncRNAs associated with cell differentiation. The PANs‐based molecular classifier facilitates signal amplification through the catalytic hairpin assembly. The interaction between PAN reporters and ncRNAs enables high‐fidelity conversion of ncRNAs expression level into binding events, and the assessment of in situ ncRNAs levels via measurement of the fluorescent signal changes of PAN reporters. Compared to non‐amplified methods, the detection limits of PANs are reduced by four orders of magnitude. Using human gastric cancer cell lines as a model system, the PANs‐based molecular classifier demonstrates its capacity to measure multiple ncRNAs in living cells and assesses the degree of cell differentiation. This approach can serve as a universal strategy for the classification of cancer cells during malignant transformation and tumor progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early allograft dysfunction (EAD) is a life‐threatening and fast‐developing complication after liver transplantation. The underlying mechanism needs to be better understood, and there has yet to be an efficient therapeutic target. This study retrospectively reviewed 109 patients undergoing liver transplantation, with dynamic profiling of CD3/4/8/16/19/45/56 on the peripheral immune cells (before transplant and 2–4 days after). Altogether, 35 out of the 109 patients developed EAD after liver transplantation. We observed a significant decrease in the natural killer cell proportion (NK cell shift, p = 0.008). The NK cell shift was linearly correlated with cold ischemic time (p = 0.016) and was potentially related to the recipients' outcomes. In mouse models, ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) treatments induced the recruitment of NK cells from peripheral blood into liver tissues. NK cell depletion blocked a series of immune cascades (including CD8+ CD127+ T cells) and inhibited hepatocyte injury effectively in I/R and liver transplantation models. We further found that I/R treatment increased hepatic expression of the ligands for natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D), a primary activating cell surface receptor in NK cells. Blockade of NKG2D showed a similar protective effect against I/R injury, indicating its role in NK cell activation and the subsequent immunological injury. Our findings built a bridge for the translation from innate immune response to EAD at the bedside. Peripheral NK cell shift is associated with the incidence of EAD after liver transplantation. NKG2D‐mediated NK cell activation is a potential therapeutic target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-resistance ground faults are difficult to detect with existing ultrahigh voltage direct current (UHVDC) transmission fault detection systems because of their low sensitivity. To address this challenge, a straightforward mathematical method has been proposed for fault detection in UHVDC system based on the downsampling factor (DF) and approximation derivatives (AD). The signals at multiple sampling frequencies were analysed using the DF, and the AD approach was used to generate various levels of detail and approximation coefficients. Initially, the signals were processed with different DF values. The first, second, and third order derivatives of the generated signals were calculated by the AD method. Next, the entropy features of these signals were computed, and the Random Forest-Recursive feature elimination with cross-validation (RF-RFECV) algorithm was used to select a high-quality feature subset. Finally, an ensemble classifier consisting of Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), K Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Naive Bayes (NB) classifiers was utilized to identify UHVDC faults. The MATLAB/Simulink simulation software was used to develop a ±800 kV UHVDC transmission line model and perform simulation experiments with various fault locations and types. Based on the experiments, it has been established that the suggested approach is highly precise in detecting several faults on UHVDC transmission lines. The method is capable of accurately identifying low or high resistance faults, irrespective of their incidence, and is remarkably resistant to transitional resistance. Furthermore, it exhibits excellent performance in identifying faults using a small sample size and is highly reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The LaB6‐SiC composite with the different SiC content (0, 15, 30, 36, 50, 90, and 100 wt.%,) was densified by spark plasma sintering. The effects of SiC content on the densification behavior, microstructure, mechanical, and thermionic emission properties of LaB6‐SiC composite were systemically investigated. The results show that all the rapid shrinkage occurred at the heating stage during densification, and LaB6‐36 wt.%SiC composite owned the maximum shrinkage rate of 1.5 mm/min at T = 1798°C. The highest relative density of the composite decreased from 98.18% to 95.01% as the SiC content increased from 15 wt.% to 90 wt.%, under which the morphology of LaB6 grain evaluated from the equiaxed to elongated structure, and LaB6 grain size varied in the range of 5.05–11.42 μm. The similar eutectic structures were observed in the LaB6‐36 wt.% SiC composite because of some LaB6 grains melting. Both the highest fracture toughness of 5.15 ± 0.56 MPa.m1/2 and the highest bending strength of 313 ± 4.7 MPa belonged to the LaB6‐36 wt.% SiC composite, which also exhibited thermionic emission current density of 10.74 A/cm2 and work function of 2.99 eV at T = 1873 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the incidence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been increasing, which has become an explosive interest because of the growing impact on world health. NAFLD is the hepatic manifestation of systemic metabolic syndrome (MS), and the umbrella term that comprises a continuum of liver conditions, from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), has a variable course but can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). currently, there is no pharmacological agent that is therapeutically approved for the treatment of this disease. Folic acid (FA) was one of a water‐soluble B vitamins, entirely absorbed from the diet. Numbers of clinical studies have confirmed that patients with NAFLD and insulin resistance are often accompanied by abnormal FA. We investigated the potential effects of FA on NAFLD through the metabolic pathways, DNA synthesis and methylation, oxidative stress in liver and intestinal flora. In addition, FA has an effect on HCC or other cancer. Therefore, FA might be a safe and economical potential treatment method for NAFLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Polyphenol addition and cold plasma (CP) treatment are both potential technologies in the meat industry. In this study, six treatments, control (without chlorogenic acid and plasma treatment), CA (with only chlorogenic acid addition), CA‐CP‐15, CA‐CP‐30, CA‐CP‐45 and CA‐CP‐60 (cold plasma treated chlorogenic acid solution for 15, 30, 45 and 60 min), were used to investigate the effect of cold plasma treated chlorogenic acid solution on the quality of roasted mutton. The results showed that the redness (a*) of CA‐CP‐15 was increased by 40.7% compared to the control group. The synergistic treatment promoted the unfolding of α‐helix and formation of β‐fold in the roasted meat proteins, resulting in a 34.09% decrease in the shear force value of CA‐CP‐15 and differences in muscle fibre structure among the treatment groups. The significantly enhanced free radical scavenging capacity resulted in a 39.19–64.84% inhibition of lipid oxidation. Furthermore, the odour activity values indicated that thirteen volatile components such as 1‐Octen‐3‐ol, Hexanal, 2‐ethyl‐3,5‐dimethyl‐pyrazine and 2‐pentyl‐Furan could be considered as characteristic flavour compounds of roasted mutton. In conclusion, cold plasma treatment improved the quality of roasted mutton patties. This study provides a new idea for the application of cold plasma in meat processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Taste and aroma profiles of Daokou red‐cooked chickens (DRCs) were analysed using different techniques and methods. Multivariate data analysis revealed that e‐nose and e‐tongue could successfully discriminate DRCs of various sources based on their taste and aroma profiles. Flavour nucleotide content and umami concentration of breasts were higher than those of thighs. Additionally, a fingerprint was established to analyse the distribution of different volatile compounds using gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry. A total number of 54 volatile components was identified in the DRCs, mostly aldehydes, esters, ketones, terpenes and alcohols. Odour activity value demonstrated that nine volatile components, including 1‐octen‐3‐ol, 2‐pentylfuran, eucalyptol, nonanal, estragole, anisaldehyde, anethole, eugenol and hexanal, could be considered as the characteristic flavour compounds of DRCs. Furthermore, partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) analysis showed that sweet tastes, anethole, 5′‐inosine monophosphate, eugenol, eucalyptol, umami tastes, sour tastes, bitter tastes, 2,3‐butanedione, hexanal, hypoxanthine, inosine and d‐limonene were significant factors that caused the differences among DRCs of different sources. Sensory analysis revealed variations in consumer preferences of DRCs from different suppliers. Obtained results will help in understanding of how taste and flavour compounds affect quality and preferences of DRCs, which will help manufacturers improve processing methods and promote consumption of DRCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Though immunological abnormalities have been proven involved in the pathogenesis of lymphoma, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Methods: We investigated 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 21 immune‐related genes and explored their roles in lymphoma. The genotyping assay of the selected SNPs was used by the Massarray platform. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the associations of SNPs and the susceptibility of lymphoma or clinical characteristics of lymphoma patients. In addition, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression was used to further analyze the relationships with the survival of lymphoma patients and candidate SNPs, and the significant difference between genotypes was verified by the expression of RNA. Results: By comparing 245 lymphoma patients with 213 healthy controls, we found eight important SNPs related to the susceptibility of lymphoma, which were involved in JAK–STAT, NF‐κB and other functional pathways. We further analyzed the relationships between SNPs and clinical characteristics. Our results showed that both IL6R (rs2228145) and STAT5B (rs6503691) significantly contributed to the Ann Arbor stages of lymphoma. And the STAT3 (rs744166), IL2 (rs2069762), IL10 (rs1800871), and PARP1 (rs907187) manifested a significant relationship with the peripheral blood counts in lymphoma patients. More importantly, the IFNG (rs2069718) and IL12A (rs6887695) were associated with the overall survival (OS) of lymphoma patients remarkably, and the adverse effects of GC genotypes could not be offset by Bonferroni correction for multiple comparison in rs6887695 especially. Moreover, we determined that the mRNA expression levels of IFNG and IL12A were significantly decreased in patients with shorter‐OS genotypes. Conclusions: We used multiple methods of analysis to predict the correlations between lymphoma susceptibility, clinical characteristics or OS with SNPs. Our findings reveal that immune‐related genetic polymorphisms contribute to the prognosis and treatment of lymphoma, which may serve as promising predictive targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has studied the densification, microstructure, and properties of polycrystalline La0.6Ce0.3Pr0.1B6–ZrB2 composites prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The highest relative density of 98.7% is obtained at the SPS condition of axial mechanical pressure 50 MPa, sintering temperature 1900°C and holding time 5 min. The Vickers hardness decreases linearly from the maximum value of 21.49 GPa to the value of 8.24 GPa with the tested temperature increased from room temperature to 1000°C. The effects of crack deflection and bridging have resulted in the fracture toughness of 4.56 MPa m1/2 of dense polycrystalline La0.6Ce0.3Pr0.1B6–ZrB2 composite. The J1kV of 7.02 A/cm2 obtained at 1600°C, the work function of 2.743 eV determined by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, and the good oxidation resistance below 1100°C in air have revealed that the dense polycrystalline La0.6Ce0.3Pr0.1B6–ZrB2 composite has a good potential to be a promising hot cathode material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal thio(seleno) phosphates MPX3 attract considerable attention with potential application in spintronics and other types of devices. Here, ferromagnetism in an Ising type diluted magnetic semiconductor Fe1‐xZnxPS3 is reported. Bulk single crystals of Fe1‐xZnxPS3 have been synthesized via chemical vapor transport method and characterized by X‐ray diffraction. The weak ferromagnetism associated with spin/cluster spin glass emerges at 30% Zn doping. A nearly static ferromagnetic order is observed in the highly diluted magnets Fe0.1Zn0.9PS3. X‐ray photoemission measurements indicate introduction of holes and associated Fe3+ in samples with ferromagnetic order. Density functional theory calculations confirm the Ising‐type ferromagnetic state in highly diluted compounds with hole doping. The interplay between bound magnetic polarons induces impurity‐band‐exchange and superexchange interactions can explain the evolution of magnetism with Zn doping. The findings suggest that the magnetic diluted FePS3 system is a candidate for potential applications in magnetic devices, and its quantum mechanism should be explored by using microscopic techniques in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of NaCl impurity on corrosion of stainless steel (SS) 316 L in binary nitrate salts (60 wt% NaNO3 + 40 wt% KNO3) was systematically investigated at 565°C via electrochemical measurements. SS 316 L exhibits active dissolution behavior in salts containing 0–1.4 wt% NaCl. The influence of NaCl impurity shows a strong time dependence according to the negligibly affected corrosion current density obtained from a short‐time potentiodynamic polarization sweep. The corrosion process of 316L in salts with NaCl‐free is controlled by ions transport through the oxide layer. With the presence of NaCl impurity, it is controlled by higher rate of ions transport and the diffusion of metal chlorides. The alternation in basicity in the corrosion front caused by chloride ions increases the solubility of chromium oxide and hence the dissolution of chromium oxide, which can lead to the formation of a less protective oxide layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A miniature quad‐band filtering power divider (FPD) based on a quad‐mode stub loaded resonator (SLR) is presented. The quad‐band FPD is formed by a proper coupling topology between the open‐ended microstrip line and two pairs of quad‐mode SLRs. Moreover, to achieve good isolation, two resistors are mounted between the symmetrical SLRs with respect to the open‐ended microstrip line properly. The proposed SLR is analysed by the odd‐ and even‐mode analysis method, and four passbands are accordingly introduced. For demonstration, a quad‐band FPD centred at 1.20, 1.66, 1.89 and 2.16 GHz is designed, simulated, fabricated and measured. The measured results have good agreement with simulated ones, which validates the proposed design concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The study aimed to develop a novel noninvasive model to detect advanced fibrosis based on routinely available clinical and laboratory tests. Materials and Methods: A total of 309 patients who underwent liver biopsy were randomly divided into the estimation group (n = 201) and validation group (n = 108). The model was developed using multiple regression analysis in the estimation group and further verified in the validation group. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: The model was named NAFLD Fibrosis Index (NFI): −10.844 + 0.046 × age − 0.01 × platelet count + 0.19 × 2h postprandial plasma glucose (PG) + 0.294 × conjugated bilirubin − 0.015 × ALT + 0.039 × AST + 0.109 × total iron binding capacity −0.033 × parathyroid hormone (PTH). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of NFI was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.79–0.93, p < 0.001) in the estimation group and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.69–0.91, p < 0.001) in the validation group, higher than NFS, FIB4, APRI, and BARD, and similar to FibroScan (NFI AUC = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.66–0.89, p = 0.001 vs. FibroScan AUC = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.62–0.90, p = 0.002). By applying the low cut‐off value (−2.756), advanced fibrosis could be excluded among 49.3% and 48% of patients in the estimation group (sensitivity: 93.1%, NPV: 97.9%, specificity: 55.2%, and PPV: 26.0%) and validation group (sensitivity: 81.3%, NPV: 94.2%, specificity: 53.3%, and PPV: 23.2%), respectively, allowing them to avoid liver biopsy. Conclusions: The study has established a novel model for advanced fibrosis, the diagnostic accuracy of which is superior to the current clinical scoring systems and is similar to FibroScan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 encoded by PTPN11 is a promising therapeutic target for cancer therapy. The dynamic change of SHP2 between closed and open conformations under either physiological or pathological conditions provides opportunities to design SHP2 inhibitors for treating SHP2‐related diseases. To date, several SHP2 allosteric inhibitors have advanced into clinical trials as mono‐ or combined therapy of cancers. In this review, we provide an overview on the structural landscape of SHP2 under physiological and pathological conditions and also comprehensively analyze the binding models of SHP2/inhibitor complexes. Structural features of SHP2 under pathological conditions and co‐crystal structures of SHP2/inhibitor complexes will definitely facilitate structure‐guided design of SHP2 inhibitors. Finally, proteolysis targeting chimeric (PROTAC) based SHP2 degraders have shown therapeutic promise for cancer therapy and are also briefly discussed. We hope this review could provide crystallographic landscape for SHP2 targeted drug discovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new series of butene lactone derivatives were designed according to an influenza neuraminidase target and their antiviral activities against H1N1 infection of Madin–Darby canine kidney cells were evaluated. Among them, a compound that was given the name M355 was identified as the most potent against H1N1 (EC50 = 14.7 μM) with low toxicity (CC50 = 538.13 μM). It also visibly reduced the virus‐induced cytopathic effect. Time‐of‐addition analysis indicated that H1N1 was mostly suppressed by M355 at the late stage of its infectious cycle. M355 inhibited neuraminidase in a dose‐dependent fashion to a similar extent as oseltamivir, which was also indicated by a computer modeling experiment. In a mouse model, lung lesions and virus load were reduced and the expression of nucleoprotein was moderated by M355. The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed that the levels of interferon‐γ, interferon regulatory factor‐3, Toll‐like receptor‐3, tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐8 were downregulated in the M355‐treated groups, whereas the levels of IL‐10 and IL‐13 were upregulated. Similarly, IgG was found to be increased in infected mice plasma. These results demonstrate that M355 inhibit the expression of H1N1 in both cellular and animal models. Thus, M355 has the potential to be effective in the treatment of influenza A virus infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endothelial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of diabetic vascular complications. Naringenin (Nar) is a flavanone bioactive isolated from citrus fruits known to have in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic properties. However, whether Nar affects endothelial function remains unclear in diabetes or under high-glucose (HG) condition. Using an in vitro model of hyperglycemia in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), we found that Nar administration markedly attenuated HG-induced alterations of endothelial function, evidenced by the mitigation of oxidative stress and inflammation, the reduction of cell adhesion molecular expressions, and the improvement of insulin resistance. We also found that HG exposure significantly reduced the levels of intracellular heat shock protein 70 (iHSP70 or iHSPA1A) and the release of HSP70 from HUVECs. HSP70 depletion mimicked and clearly diminished the protective effects of Nar on HG-induced alterations of endothelial function. In addition, Nar treatment significantly enhanced iHSP70 protein levels through a transcription-dependent manner. These results demonstrated that Nar could protect HUVECs against HG-induced alterations of endothelial function through upregulating iHSP70 protein levels. These findings are also helpful in providing new therapeutic strategies that are promising in the clinical use of Nar for the treatment of diabetes and diabetic complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitamin D (VD) deficiency is associated with neuroinflammation and neurocognitive deficits in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The present study was aimed at investigating the therapeutic effects of VD and the molecular mechanisms after TBI. After the intraperitoneal injection of VD (1 μg/kg), sensorimotor and cognitive function was assessed via a series of behavioral tests in TBI rats. Traumatic outcomes were investigated by brain edema, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, and morphologic staining. In vitro, cellular viability and cytotoxicity in primary hippocampal neurons were detected via the MTT method and LDH release. Hippocampal oxidative stress-related enzymes and proinflammatory mediators and the serum concentration of VD were analyzed by ELISA. The expression of VDR, TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB p65 was measured by Western blot. Furthermore, the levels of M1/M2 microglial markers were quantified using real-time PCR and Western blot. VD treatment significantly increased the serum level of VD and the hippocampal expression of VDR. VD not only effectively alleviated neurocognitive deficits, brain edema, and BBB disruption but also promoted hippocampal neuronal survival in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, VD therapy prevented excessive neuroinflammation and oxidative stress caused by TBI. Mechanically, the hippocampal expression of TLR4, MyD88, and nuclear NF-κB p65 was elevated in the TBI group but robustly restrained by VD treatment. Taken together, VD provides an important neuroprotection through modulating hippocampal microglial M2 polarization and neuroinflammation via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clubroot caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae is one of the major diseases on cruciferous crops. This disease has been a problem all over the world and led to serious economic losses in cruciferous crop production. The improvement of clubroot management is dependent on the effectiveness of bioassays on pathogenicity or plant resistance. P. brassicae resting spore inoculum prepared from clubroot tissues was widely used in bioassays. Traditionally, resting spore concentration was measured by visual counting with a haemocytometer; however, this method is time‐consuming, labour intensive and with poor repeatability due to the tiny size of resting spores. In this study, we established a turbidimetric method to measure P. brassicae resting spore concentration of the inoculum. A regression curve was generated by plotting optical density of gradiently diluted resting spore suspension against the corresponding resting spore concentrations, which resulted in a logarithmic regression equation. This method was validated and proved to be robust and effective in determining resting spore concentration of different samples, and was further confirmed by bioassay of infection and clubroot development. In conclusion, we established a standard protocol to prepare P. brassicae inoculum and provided an effective method for resting spore concentration determination. The results of this study can be widely used in research activities on clubroot sustainable management when an effective assessment of P. brassicae biomass is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Converting low‐grade waste heat into usable electricity and storing it simultaneously requires a new technology that realize the directional migration of electrons or ions under temperature difference and enrichment on the electrodes. Although the urgent demand of energy conversion‐storage (ECS) has emerged in the field of wearable electronic, achieving the integrated bi‐functional device remains challenge due to the different mechanisms of electrical transportation and storage. Here, we report an ionic thermoelectric supercapacitor that relies on the synergistic functions of thermoelectricity and supercapacitor in the thermoelectric ionogel electrolyte and high‐performance hydrogel electrodes to enhance the ECS performance under a thermal gradient. The thermoelectric electrolyte is composed of polyacrylamide hydrogel and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (PMSC), possessing cross‐linked network with excellent cation selectivity, while the ionic thermoelectric properties are further improved in the presence of NaCl. The corresponding Seebeck coefficient and ionic conductivity of the NaCl–PMSC electrolyte reach 17.1 mV K−1 and 26.8 mS cm−1, respectively. Owing to good stretchability of both gel‐based electrolyte and electrode, the full‐stretchable integrated ECS device, termed ionic thermoelectric supercapacitor, presents promising thermal‐charge storage capability (~1.3 mC, ΔT ≈ 10 K), thus holds promise for wearable energy harvesting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zearalenone (ZEA) is a kind of mycotoxin that pose great threat to the liver of human and livestock due to its toxicity to eukaryotic cells, however, its toxicity mechanism on prepubertal gilts liver development and function is not known. The study aimed to examine the effects of ZEA on liver development, antioxidant capacity and inflammatory factors of prepubertal gilts. Forty‐eight prepubertal gilts (Landrace ×Yorkshire) were randomly divided into four groups: three treatment (T1, T2 and T3) groups and a control group. Prepubertal gilts in the control group were fed with basal diet, and those in T1, T2 and T3 groups were fed with basal diets supplemented with low, medium and high doses (200 μg/kg, 800 μg/kg and 1,600 μg/kg, respectively) of ZEA during the experiment period. The results showed that diets supplemented with ZEA significantly increased the activity of alanine aminotransferase of serum in the T3 group (p < 0.05). Besides, compared to the control group, the activities of total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, the content of tumour necrosis factor‐alpha of liver in the T3 group and the relative expression level of manganese‐superoxide dismutase mRNA of liver in the T2 group were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). We also performed correlation analysis among caecal microorganisms and antioxidant enzyme activities and inflammatory factor concentrations of liver. In conclusion, diets supplemented with ZEA has no obvious effect on liver development, but it can cause liver damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The root of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (RTH) has been widely used as a folk medicine in China. Meanwhile, its stems (STH) and leaves (LTH) are consumed as functional tea and food supplementation. Therefore, it is important to get a better understanding of the distribution of bioactive constituents in different parts of T. hemsleyanum. Objective: To develop a method for quantitative analysis of multiple bioactive constituents and comparing their distribution in RTH, STH and LTH. Methods: Ultra‐performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐QTRAP‐MS/MS) was used for the quantitative analysis. The quantitative data were further analysed by principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and partial least squares determinant analysis (PLS‐DA). Results: Forty‐two constituents in RTH, STH and LTH, including 14 flavonoids, three phenolic acids, 15 amino acids and 10 nucleosides, were quantitatively determined. The contents of flavonoids and phenolic acids in LTH were significantly higher than those in RTH and STH. While the contents of amino acids and nucleosides in LTH were less than those in RTH and STH. Multivariate statistical analysis can significantly classify and distinguish RTH, STH, and LTH. Conclusions: The present method would be helpful for the quality control of T. hemsleyanum, and the results would be useful for the efficient utilisation of T. hemsleyanum in the future. 42 constituents, including 14 flavonoids, 3 phenolic acids, 15 amino acids and 10 nucleosides, were quantitatively determined by using UPLC‐QTRAP‐MS/MS in the roots (RTH), stems (STH) and leaves (LTH) of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum. The contents of flavonoids and phenolic acids in LTH were significantly higher than those in RTH and STH, while the contents of amino acids and nucleosides in LTH were less than those in RTH and STH. Multivariate statistical analysis can significantly classify and distinguish RTH, STH, and LTH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accurate adiabatic and diabatic potential energy surfaces, which are for the two lowest states of He + H2, are presented in this study. The Molpro 2012 software package is used, and the large basis sets (aug-cc-pV5Z) are selected. The high-level MCSCF/MRCI method is employed to calculate the adiabatic potential energy points of the title reaction system. The triatomic reaction system is described by Jacobi coordinates, and the adiabatic potential energy surfaces are fitted accurately using the B-spline method. The equilibrium structures and electronic energies for the H2 are provided, and the corresponding different levels of vibrational energies of the ground state are deduced. To better express the diabatic process of the whole reaction, avoid crossing points being calculated and conical intersection also being optimized. Meanwhile, the diabatic potential energy surfaces of the reaction process are constructed. This study will be helpful for the analysis of histopathology and for the study in biological and medical mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cellular response to stress is an important determinant of disease pathogenesis. Uncovering the molecular fingerprints of distinct stress responses may identify novel biomarkers and key signaling pathways for different diseases. Emerging evidence shows that transfer RNA‐derived small RNAs (tDRs) play pivotal roles in stress responses. However, RNA modifications present on tDRs are barriers to accurately quantifying tDRs using traditional small RNA sequencing. Here, AlkB‐facilitated methylation sequencing is used to generate a comprehensive landscape of cellular and extracellular tDR abundances in various cell types during different stress responses. Extracellular tDRs are found to have distinct fragmentation signatures from intracellular tDRs and these tDR signatures are better indicators of different stress responses than miRNAs. These distinct extracellular tDR fragmentation patterns and signatures are also observed in plasma from patients on cardiopulmonary bypass. It is additionally demonstrated that angiogenin and RNASE1 are themselves regulated by stressors and contribute to the stress‐modulated abundance of sub‐populations of cellular and extracellular tDRs. Finally, a sub‐population of extracellular tDRs is identified for which AGO2 appears to be required for their expression. Together, these findings provide a detailed profile of stress‐responsive tDRs and provide insight about tDR biogenesis and stability in response to cellular stressors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In this study, by dipping grass carp fillets with 10 mM di‐ and tri‐carboxylic acid solutions individually before storage at 4 °C for 10 days, the application potential of these acids in mitigating softening of fish was investigated through analysing shear force, pH, endogenous cathepsin activities, myofibrillar proteolysis and histomorphological characteristics. The results suggested that maleic acid, fumaric acid and tartaric acid were significantly effective against softening of grass carp muscle, as shown by shear force 26%–31% higher than that of control after storage. Acid treatments led to a decline in the pH of muscle. Besides, the inhibitory effect of these acids on cathepsins was demonstrated by activity reduction by 20%–90%. Further, sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and heat shock protein (HSP) analysis supported the protection of these acids against degradation and dissociation of myosin and actin through suppressing HSP loss. Moreover, histomorphological images with higher intensity of acridine orange fluorescence in muscle revealed the improvement of tissue integrity by acid treatments. The inhibitory potential of these acids in suppressing softening of fish muscle is particularly relevant to their capacity of mitigating cathepsin‐induced proteolysis and improving lysosome stability. Therefore, di‐ and tri‐carboxylic acids could play pleiotropic functions in the quality control of fish fillets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La0.6Ce0.3Pr0.1B6‐ZrB2, a directionally solidified eutectic (DSE), is a material with a high‐performance thermionic emission with great application prospects. The influence of the growth rates of this DSE on the microstructure, growth direction, two phases orientation relationship, mechanical properties, and thermionic emission properties was investigated. The experimental results show that the microstructure and growth direction of the two phases varied with the growth rate of the eutectic: the faster the growth rate, the lower the uniformity of the ZrB2 phase became, and the growth directions of the La0.6Ce0.3Pr0.1B6 matrix and the ZrB2 phase were also altered accordingly. In the La0.6Ce0.3Pr0.1B6‐ZrB2 DSE with a growth rate of 100 mm/h, the two phases have a unique growth direction and a crystallographic orientation relationship. The fracture toughness of the La0.6Ce0.3Pr0.1B6‐ZrB2 DSE is at least 50% higher than that of the single crystal La0.6Ce0.3Pr0.1B6, and the fracture toughness of the DSEs formed at different growth rates also differed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, deep learning has made great achievements in the field of rotating machinery fault diagnosis. But in the practical engineering scenarios, when facing a large number of unlabeled data and variable operating conditions, only using a deep learning algorithm may reduce the performance. In order to solve the above problem, this paper uses a method of combining transfer learning with deep learning. First, the deep shrinkage residual network is constructed by adding soft thresholds to extract the characteristics of bearing vibration data under noise redundancy. Then, the joint maximum mean deviation (JMMD) criterion and conditional domain adversarial (CDA) learning domain adapting network are used to align the source and target domains. At the same time, adding transferable semantic augmentation (TSA) regular items improves alignment performance between classes. Finally, the proposed model is verified by three experiments: variable load, variable speed, and variable noise, which overcomes the shortcomings of traditional deep learning and shallow transfer learning algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sevoflurane (Sev) is one of the most widely used pediatric anesthetics. The major concern of neonatal repeated application of Sev is its potential long‐term impairment of cognition and learning/memory, for which there still lacks effective treatment. At the cellular level, Sev exerts toxic effects in multiple aspects, making it difficult for effective interference. Melatonin is a pineal hormone regulated by and feedbacks to biological rhythm at physiological condition. Recent studies have revealed significant neuroprotective effects of exogenous melatonin or its agonists under various pathological conditions. Whether melatonin could prevent the long‐term toxicity of Sev remains elusive. Here, we report that neonatal repeated Sev exposure up‐regulated MT1 receptor in hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes. Pretreatment with melatonin significantly alleviated Sev‐induced synaptic deficiency, dysmyelination, and long‐term learning impairment. Both MT1‐shRNA and MT1 knockout effectively blocked the protective effects of melatonin on synaptic development, myelination, and behavior performance. Interestingly, long‐lasting suppression of Wnt signaling, instead of cAMP/PKA signaling, was observed in hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes after neonatal Sev exposure. Pharmacologically activating Wnt signaling rescued both the long‐term synaptic deficits and dysmyelination induced by Sev. Further analysis showed that MT1 receptor co‐expressed well with β‐catenin and Axin2 and bound to β‐catenin by its C‐terminal. Melatonin pretreatment effectively rescued Sev‐induced Wnt suppression. Wnt signaling inhibitor XAV939 significantly compromised the protective effects of melatonin. Taken together, our data demonstrated a beneficial effect of melatonin pretreatment on the long‐term synaptic impairment and dysmyelination induced by neonatal Sev exposure, and a novel MT1 receptor‐mediated interaction between melatonin and canonical Wnt signaling, indicating that melatonin may be clinically applied for improving the safety of pediatric Sev anesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To inquire into the influence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on the diagnostic efficacy and satisfaction of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods. This study included 42 healthy people (control group) and 66 patients with AD (AD group). The hippocampus volume, temporal sulcus spacing, left-right brain diameter, brain lobe volume, hippocampal height, temporal horn width, lateral fissure width, and degree of leukoaraiosis were all measured using an MRI scan. After diagnosis, the satisfaction of patients in both arms was investigated and the satisfaction degree was recorded. Results. Compared with the control group, the left and right hippocampal volumes and hippocampal height of AD patients were smaller, while the temporal sulcus spacing, temporal horn width, lateral fissure width, and left-right brain diameter were remarkably higher. A statistical difference was present in the degree of leukoaraiosis between the two arms. The frontal and temporal lobe volumes of AD patients were notably lower while the volumes of parietal and occipital lobes were similar, versus the control group. The total satisfaction was 83.33% in the control group and 86.36% in the AD group, with no statistical difference between the two arms. Conclusions. MRI can effectively mine the brain information of AD patients with a high patient satisfaction, which has potential value in clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper chalcogenides are of great interest as conversion‐type cathode materials due to their large specific capacity for rechargeable magnesium batteries, yet are subjected to severe capacity fading brought about by structure collapse in repetitive charge–discharge cycling. Herein, single‐crystalline and (110) preferentially oriented CuSe nanoflakes are designed via a temperature‐controlled crystal growth route under microwave irradiation. The as‐prepared CuSe nanoflake cathode materials can present high reversible capacity (204 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 current density), outstanding rate capability, and remarkable long‐term cycling stability (≈0.095% capacity decay per cycle at 1 A g−1 within 700 cycles). The multistep reversible conversion mechanism of the CuSe nanoflake cathode materials is evidenced by ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Structure evolution investigation suggests that the single‐crystalline CuSe nanoflakes can exhibit relatively durable structural stability. The desirable cycling stability can be ascribed to the excellent pulverization‐tolerance of the CuSe nanoflake cathode materials endowed by the multistep reversible conversion mechanism and the single‐crystalline feature. Furthermore, the preferentially‐oriented (110) active plane is favorable for electrochemical reactions to ensure high specific capacity. This work can afford a crystal engineering strategy to fabricate high‐performance conversion‐type electrode materials for rechargeable magnesium batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The discrepancy between supply and demand of organ has led to an increased utilization of steatotic liver for liver transplantation (LT). Hepatic steatosis, however, is a major risk factor for graft failure due to increased susceptibility to ischaemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury during transplantation. Materials and methods: To assess the plasticity and phenotype of immune cells within the microenvironment of steatotic liver graft at single‐cell level, single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐Seq) was carried out on 23 675 cells from transplanted rat livers. Bioinformatic analyses and multiplex immunohistochemistry were performed to assess the functional properties, transcriptional regulation, phenotypic switching and cell‐cell interactions of different cell subtypes. Results: We have identified 11 different cell types in transplanted livers and found that the highly complex ecosystem was shaped by myeloid‐derived cell subsets that transit between different states and interact mutually. Notably, a pro‐inflammatory phenotype of Kupffer cells (KCs) with high expression of colony‐stimulating factor 3 (CSF3) that was enriched in transplanted steatotic livers was potentially participated in fatty graft injury. We have also detected a subset of dendritic cells (DCs) with highly expressing XCR1 that was correlated with CD8+ T cells, mediating the severer steatotic liver damage by I/R injury. Conclusions: The findings of our study provide new insight into the mechanisms by which steatosis exacerbates liver damage from I/R injury. Interventions based on these observations create opportunities in attenuating fatty liver graft injury and expanding the donor pool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]