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Summary: The dose–response association between sedentary time and the risk of metabolic syndrome is unclear, which indicates an important knowledge gap in public health. The objective of this study was to determine the categorical and continuous dose–response associations between sedentary time and the risk of metabolic syndrome. A systematic literature search of English articles published in PubMed, CINHAL, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection prior to June 2022 was conducted. All cohort and cross‐sectional studies that examined the association between sedentary time and the risk of metabolic syndrome were considered, and duplicate and non‐related studies were excluded. Data extraction using a standardized chart and quality assessment using two appraisal tools were also performed. Two independent reviewers were involved in these processes. In categorical meta‐analyses, the pooled effect sizes for metabolic syndrome associated with different categories of sedentary time were calculated by comparing the highest and intermediate with the lowest categories. In continuous meta‐analyses, the linear and nonlinear dose–response associations were estimated using generalized least squares and restricted cubic spline models, respectively. Data were collected and analyzed from March to June 2022. Four prospective cohort studies and 22 cross‐sectional studies with 105,239 participants and 16,185 MetS cases were included in this study. In categorical analyses, both intermediate (median duration: 4.11 h/day; pooled OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.08–1.26, P < 0.001) and high levels (median duration: 7.26 h/day; pooled OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.43–2.04, P < 0.001) of total sedentary time were significantly associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome. Similarly, a significant association between screen time and the risk of metabolic syndrome was also found in intermediate (median duration: 2.22 h/day; pooled OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.10–1.32, P < 0.001) and high levels (median duration: 3.40 h/day; pooled OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.44–1.86, P < 0.001) of exposure. Of note, these associations were significantly stronger in women. Different patterns of the behavior‐disease association were not observed in children, adolescents, and adults. The findings of continuous meta‐analyses could not provide solid evidence for the linearity and nonlinearity of the behavior‐disease association. This study demonstrated that long‐time sedentary behavior was associated with a higher risk of MetS independent of physical activity and the patterns of association varied by gender instead of age. These findings have implications for future guideline recommendations on physical activity, sedentary behavior, and prevention of metabolic syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the characteristics of workplace violence at primary hospitals in Southeast China and identify associated risk factors. Design: A cross‐sectional survey design was used for this work. Methods: We distributed a workplace violence questionnaire among medical staff at primary hospitals in Southeast Zhejiang Province, China. The data were collected between December 2016 and December 2017. We analysed the categorical data by using the chi‐square test and expressed it as frequencies. The risk factors were analysed by using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Among the 2,560 questionnaires, 1,842 (71.9%) medical staff indicated that they had experienced workplace violence. Verbal assault was the most common type, followed by physical and sexual assault. Furthermore, gender, age, marital status, education, technical position and number of hospital beds' numbers were independent risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient time domain hybrid method is proposed, which integrate transmission line (TL) equations, finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method, Norton and Substitution theorems together, to predict the EM fields coupling with the penetrated wire connecting two electronic devices. Within this method, the geometry of penetrated wire is divided into external and internal TLs according to the shielded enclosures of two devices firstly. Then the equivalent circuit model of penetrated wire is established by the Norton and Substitution theorems, which can represent the discontinuity of impedance between external and internal TLs and the transmitting of interference signals between terminal loads of the wire. Finally, the TL equations combined with FDTD method is utilized to compute the transient responses on external and internal TLs respectively. Numerical simulations of penetrated wire connecting two shielded enclosures in different environment are employed to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the presented method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To analyse the application status of nursing assessment terminology for neurological conditions and determine whether the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) covers nursing assessment. Design: A multi‐centre cross‐sectional study. Methods: Four researchers extracted all nursing problems from the patients of three different hospitals and formed a pool of nursing terminology from the electronic nursing records, self‐reports, family reports, medical examinations, and clinical records for all patients. The ICF Linking Rules were then used to map the nursing assessment terminology of neurological conditions with the ICF. Results: Though 37.5% of nursing assessment terms were closely related to neurological diseases, this does not appear in the existing electronic nursing assessment records. The unrecorded rate of 9 (16.1%) terms ranged from 40%–50%, while the unrecorded rate of 8 (14.3%) terms was more than 80%. Overall, 96.4% of nursing assessment terms could be described by the corresponding categories of the ICF, with 37 (66.1%) of the "same" concepts, 9 (16.1%) "similar" concepts, 6 (10.7%) "narrower" concepts (the nursing assessment terms were more specific than the ICF categories), and 2 (3.6%) "broader" concepts (the nursing assessment were less specific than the ICF categories). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the shielding structures of electronic system and coaxial lines feeding the antennas are complex, full‐wave algorithms applied for the coupling analysis of multiple linear antennas on electronic system excited by ambient wave should occupy amount of memories by meshing the structures of coaxial lines and electronic system in fine grid, which may affect the computation efficiency. This paper presents a time domain hybrid method, which consisting of thin wire finite‐difference time domain (FDTD) method, transmission line (TL) equations, higher order FDTD scheme, and an auto mesh generator technique. In this method, the thin wire FDTD combined with the auto mesh generator technique is utilized to mesh the shielding structure of electronic system rapidly and obtain the current responses on the conductor columns of linear antennas, which are extracted equivalent current sources for the further coupling analysis of coaxial lines. And then the TL equations are adopted to build the coupling models of coaxial lines, and solved by the higher order FDTD scheme to compute the transient responses on the coaxial lines and terminal loads of the lines. This method has one significant feature is that it can avoid modeling the structures of linear antennas and coaxial lines directly. The accuracy of this method has been verified by comparing with the simulation software Computer Simulation Technology (CST) via the coupling simulations of one and three linear antennas on electronic system excited by ambient plane wave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To efficiently solve the coupling problems of two wires above the ground excited by incident electromagnetic pulses, a time domain hybrid method consisting of transmission line (TL) equations, finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, and a fast calculation approach to the excitation fields of the wires is presented. In this hybrid method, a novel coupling model of the two wires is established by the TL equations firstly, which is suitable for arbitrary heights of the two wires and for considering influences of the ground on distributed parameters of the two wires. Then, due to the obviously infinite dimension of the ground, a fast calculation approach is utilized to obtain the excitation fields of the wires to avoid modeling the ground directly. Finally, the FDTD method is adopted to discretize the TL equations to calculate the transient responses at the termination loads of the two wires. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of this hybrid method. It shows that this method can tremendously decrease the memory requirement and computation time, compared with the full‐wave method. The applicability of this method in fast coupling analysis of long two wires with arbitrary heights above the ground excited by multiple electromagnetic pulses is verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the numerical methods used for the coupling analysis of the shielded cavity with penetrated wire excited by ambient wave are lack, an efficient time domain hybrid method is presented in this article, which consists of thin wire finite difference time domain (FDTD) method and hybrid FDTD and transmission line equations method (called FDTD‐TL method). In this method, the penetrated wire is decomposed into external and internal transmission lines according to the enclosure structure of the shielded cavity firstly. Then the thin wire FDTD method is applied to calculate the currents on the external transmission line, which are enforced as the boundary of the internal transmission line naturally. Meanwhile the FDTD‐TL method is used to build the coupling model of ambient wave to the internal transmission line to obtain the voltage and current responses on the terminal load of internal line. This method has one prominent advantage is that it can realize the cooperative calculations of electromagnetic field radiation and the coupling responses on the penetrated wire. Finally, two numerical simulations of ambient wave to one shielded cavity with penetrated wire in the free space and shielded cavity are utilized to verify the accuracy and efficiency of this presented method by comparing with the electromagnetic software CST. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In this study, the strong-acid polystyrene resin D001 was modified by impregnation with metal ions Fe3+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ to prepare new kinds of sorbents. The modified D001 was characterized by N2 sorption-desorption isotherms, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The sorption performance of the metal modified resins for removal of antibiotics tetracycline (TC) and doxycycline (DC) from aquatic environment was investigated and excellent sorption capability with more than 98% removal ratio was observed for these resins after modification. Although these modified resins also presented pH-dependent sorption, they showed much better flexibility with pH fluctuation than those of the unmodified original D001, and extremely strong sorption capability was exhibited in a wide range of pH 2-8 for both TC and DC. Pseudo-second-order kinetic equation described the sorption process more reasonably than pseudo-first-order equation. Langmuir isotherm model provided the best match to the equilibrium data with monolayer maximum sorption capacity of 417-625 mg g−1 under 288-318 K. The sorption capacity decreased with the increase of ionic strength of NaCl. The main sorption mechanism was proposed to be surface complexation, cation bridge interaction and electrostatic attraction/competition between antibiotics and metal modified resins. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41803. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]