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With the increasing depth of engineering in rock masses, the issue of significant rheological deformation becomes notably prominent. To accurately characterize the deformation and failure behavior of the surrounding rock near the goaf in deep small coal pillars, we have developed a viscoelastic–plastic constitutive model that takes into account the initial stress associated with creep. This model builds upon an existing viscoelastic–plastic constitutive framework and is implemented numerically using C++ in the FLAC3D. The Oedometer test method is used to check the creep components and the calculated parameter (η/G) ensure convergence of numerical operations. We conducted both pre‐improvement and post‐improvement tests of the constitutive model in a simple numerical analysis of roadways. The enhanced model demonstrates improved accuracy in deviational stress calculations and proves suitable for modeling deep, soft roadways. Furthermore, we applied the improved model to simulate actual working conditions at Zhaozhuang Mine, where mining operations near the working face induce a fracture zone of approximately 3 m in the small coal pillar located at the goaf's edge. The new model closely aligns with the observed results, further validating its suitability for tunneling along the goaf. Tunneling and mining activities result in significant deformation at various locations, including the shoulder socket of the working face, the top angle of the coal pillar, and the bottom angle of the floor. The crushing zone at the working face extends up to 4 m. Rheological effects transform the triangular elastic core, from its original high‐pressure elastic state to a fracture and plastic zone in the deep coal. Stress in deep coal is transmitted along the triangular elastic core. Numerical simulation results closely match the excavation profile of the tunneling, providing valuable insights into the impact of mining activities. This study can provide reference for deformation of similar geological conditions and engineering situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the problem of pillar instability in residual mining areas under repeated mining disturbances, the prediction of pillar instability time and mining technology is studied by using numerical simulations, theoretical examinations, and practical experimentation techniques utilizing the remaining facade of the Shenghua Coal Industry 3103. On the basis of the findings, employing a fully mechanized mining technique exerts greater pressure on the coal pillar, increasing the likelihood of plastic failure. However, adopting the segmental filling mining approach can effectively disperse this pressure, consequently mitigating potential damage to the coal pillar. Initially, the coal pillar undergoes a progressive yielding or collapsing process at its periphery, leading to instability once the area of the projectile core of the coal pillar decreases beyond a specific threshold. The dimensions of both the affected roadway and the coal pillar play a pivotal role in determining the coal pillar's load‐bearing capacity. A prediction model for pillar instability is established. If the area of the projectile core is less than 34% during remining, the mining method should be changed or pillar reinforcement should be implemented. The accurate prediction and adaptation of the model's mining approach ensure the secure extraction of coal pillars within the remaining mining region, with successful validation of the model's performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report microstructures and physical (dielectric, magnetic, and optical) properties of sol–gel derived Ba2FeMnO6 (BFMO) double perovskite powders. The BFMO powders belong to hexagonal crystal structure with P‐6m2 space group. SEM images reveal the powders are nearly homogeneous distribution with spherical morphology and average particle size of 300 nm. Energy‐dispersive spectra gave out the molar ratio of the Ba:Fe:Mn elements equal to 2.16:1.00:1.00. FTIR spectrum verified the [FeO6] and [MnO6] octahedra present in the powders. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra identified the chemical valence states of the constituent elements. The BFMO ceramics displayed a strong frequency dispersion dielectric behavior. A relaxor‐like dielectric behavior appeared around ∼475 K due to the contributions of oxygen vacancies of(Vö)$({{V_{\ddot o}}})$ and the (FeMn′−)/(MnFe′−)$({\rm{Fe}}_{{\rm{Mn}}}^{\prime} -)/({\rm{Mn}}_{{\rm{Fe}}}^{\prime} -)$ defect dipoles. A ferrimagnetic behavior was observed in the powders at 5 K with MS = 0.14 μB/f.u. and HC = 1.51 kOe. The magnetic Curie temperature (TC) was 381 K, whereas the Neel temperature (TN) was 31 K. The ferrimagnetic behavior is governed by the Mn3+–Fe4+ double‐exchange interaction via the mediated oxygen between them. The BFMO powders have a direct optical bandgap of 1.65 eV, which originates from the electron transferring from O 2p to Mn 3d (and/or Fe 3d) levels. The unique combination of high temperature ferrimagnetism and semiconductivity in the BFMO powders makes them particularly appealing for magnetic spintronics and photovoltaics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the instability timing problem of residual coal pillars under mining disturbance, their stress migration law and instability mechanism were studied via numerical simulation, physical simulation, and engineering tests considering residual coal remining in the 3101 working face of the Shenghua Coal Industry. The results show that as the mining progresses, the stress concentrates on both sides of the remaining coal pillar and empty roadway. When the first coal pillar in front of the working face loses its bearing capacity, the stress is transmitted forward, resulting in the advanced collapse of the empty roadway roof and an excessive load on the second coal pillar in front of the working face. Additionally, the critical value prediction model of the coal pillar stability safety factor fs ${f}_{{\rm{s}}}$ was constructed. If fs ${f}_{{\rm{s}}}$ is less than the critical value during the repeated mining period, the remaining coal pillar must be reinforced. A hollow grouting crossed anchor is selected for coal pillar reinforcement; thus, realizing the safe mining of the remaining coal pillars. Our research results provide theoretical support for the safe secondary mining of coal in China and similar coal mines worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an aberrant autoimmune condition mediated by T cell abnormality, which may cause fulminant liver failure and persistent liver injury. This study aimed to disclose the histopathological and functional engagement of interleukin (IL)‐26, a potent inflammation mediator, in AIH disease progression. Methods: We conducted immunohistochemical staining on liver biopsy samples to evaluate intrahepatic expression of IL‐26. Cellular sources of hepatic IL‐26 were detected by confocal microscopy. Flow cytometry was employed to determine the immunological alterations of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following in vitro IL‐26 treatment on primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy controls. Results: Statistically significant increase in IL‐26 level was observed in AIH (n = 48) liver samples in comparison with patients having chronic hepatitis B (n = 25), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (n = 18), and healthy donors for living donor liver transplantation (n = 10). The number of intrahepatic IL‐26+ cells was positively correlated with histological and serological severity. An immunofluorescence staining indicated that liver‐infiltrating CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD68+ macrophages orchestrated IL‐26 secretion in AIH. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells demonstrated effective activation, lytic, and proinflammatory functions upon IL‐26 stimulation. Conclusion: We observed elevated IL‐26 in AIH liver which promoted T cell activation and cytotoxic capacity, indicating a therapeutic potential of IL‐26 intervention in AIH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) SOS1 catalyzes the exchange of GDP for GTP on RAS. However, regulation of the GEF activity remains elusive. Here, the authors report that PPDPF functions as an important regulator of SOS1. The expression of PPDPF is significantly increased in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), associated with poor prognosis and recurrence of PDAC patients. Overexpression of PPDPF promotes PDAC cell growth in vitro and in vivo, while PPDPF knockout exerts opposite effects. Pancreatic‐specific deletion of PPDPF profoundly inhibits tumor development in KRASG12D‐driven genetic mouse models of PDAC. PPDPF can bind GTP and transfer GTP to SOS1. Mutations of the GTP‐binding sites severely impair the tumor‐promoting effect of PPDPF. Consistently, mutations of the critical amino acids mediating SOS1–PPDPF interaction significantly impair the GEF activity of SOS1. Therefore, this study demonstrates a novel model of KRAS activation via PPDPF‐SOS1 axis, and provides a promising therapeutic target for PDAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Timings of phenological events have been paid more attention in facing of climate change. However, little is known how shifts of phenological events are associated with variations of vegetative and reproductive periods which could further link to population fitness over time. We compiled an observational data set including timings of four phenological events, height, and population aboveground biomass of 12 plant species across five sites in alpine meadow on Tibetan Plateau spanning 1988–2006. Our time‐series data revealed timings of budburst and flower budding are more sensitive to climate warming than timings of fruit ripeness and leaf senescence. Some species showed advances of budburst and/or flower budding, and others did not show any response. We also found advance of budburst was correlated with lengthening of vegetative and activity period, and advance of flower budding was correlated with shortening of vegetative and lengthening of reproductive period. Furthermore, negative relationship was found between budburst shifts and aboveground biomass suggesting advance of budburst is beneficial to population fitness over time under warming. Our spatial‐data showed lengthening vegetative period due to budburst advance was correlated with increase of aboveground biomass as comparison the species pairs in a warm‐wet site with that in a cold‐dry site. Prolonging reproductive period due to flower budding advance was correlated with increase of aboveground biomass as comparison the species pairs in a warm‐dry site with that in a cold‐wet site. Our study suggests linking phenology to population fitness is helpful to better understanding diverse responses of phenological events to climate changes. Plain Language Summary: Studies have paid more attention to the timings of phenological events in response to climate changes. However, little is known how shifts of phenological events are associated with variations of vegetative and reproductive periods which could further link to population fitness over time. Here we compiled an observational data set including the timings of four phenological events, height, and population aboveground biomass of 12 plant species across five sites in alpine meadow on Tibetan Plateau spanning 1988–2006. We found that advance of budburst was correlated with lengthening vegetative and activity period, and advance of flower budding was correlated with shortening vegetative and lengthening reproductive period. Such lengthening vegetative and reproductive period could be beneficial to population fitness. Key Points: Advance of budburst and flower budding was respectively correlated with lengthening vegetative and reproductive periodLengthening vegetative period due to budburst advance was beneficial to the increase of aboveground biomassProlonging reproductive period due to flower budding advance was beneficial to the increase of aboveground biomass [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aryl azide and diaryl tetrazole are both photoactive molecules, which can form nitrene and nitrile imine intermediates respectively by photolysis. Depending on the new finding that the azide can suppress the photolysis of tetrazole in the azide‐tetrazole conjugated system, we developed aryl azide‐tetrazole probes for the photoactivatable fluorogenic azide alkyne click (PFAAC) reaction, in which the aryl azide‐tetrazole probes were not phoroactivatable fluorogenic itself, but the triazole products after click reaction were prefluorophore that can be activated by light. Therefore, in PFAAC chemistry, the fluorescent probes can be activated by two orthogonal events: azide‐alkyne click reaction and light, which leads to spatiotemporal resolution and high signal‐to‐noise ratio. This PFAAC process was proved in vitro by copper‐catalyzed or strain‐promoted azide‐alkyne reactions and in live cells by spatiotemporally controlled organelle imaging. By incorporation a linker to the azide‐tetrazole conjugate, this PFAAC chemistry could covalently label extra probes to the biomolecules and spatiotemporally detecting this process by photoinduced fluorescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tibial cortex transverse transport (TTT) surgery is an extension of the Ilizarov technique. Based on the law of tension‐stress, its primary function is to rebuild microcirculation which can relieve ischemic symptoms and promote wound healing. It has received more and more scholars' attention and has experienced a series of changes for 20 years since it entered PR China. The mechanisms involved have gradually become clear, such as the reconstruction of the polarization balance of macrophages, the promotion of vascular tissue regeneration, and the mobilization and regulation of bone marrow‐derived stem cells. TTT technique is mainly used in the treatment of chronic ischemic diseases of the lower extremities. It has recently been successfully used in the treatment of primary lymphedema of the lower extremities. A series of improvements have been made in the external fixator's style, the size of skin incision and osteotomy, and distraction method. For example, the annular external fixator has been redesigned as a unilateral external fixator, and accordion technology has been introduced. For distraction methods after surgery, there was no uniform standard in the past. The technique can also be used in combination with other treatments to achieve better effects, such as interventional therapy, negative pressure sealed drainage, 3D printing technology, traditional Chinese medicine. Nevertheless, the surgery may bring some complications, such as secondary fracture, nail infection, skin necrosis at the surgical site, etc. Reports of complications and doubts about the technique have made the TTT technique controversial. In 2020, the relevant expert consensus was published with treatment and management principles, which might guide the better application and development of this technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Double perovskite Sr2FeReO6 (SFRO) powders were synthesized by so‐gel process and annealed in argon atmosphere. Their structural, dielectric, magnetic, electrical, and optical properties were comprehensively investigated. It was found that the SFRO powders possessed a tetragonal crystal structure with I4/m space group and exhibited spherical shapes with some agglomeration due to the magnetic interactions between particles of the powders. Quantitative energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometer data revealed the atomic ratio of Sr, Fe, Re, and O elements close to the nominal values of 2:1:1:6. X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy spectra reveal two species of Re5+ and Re6‐7+ coexist in the SFRO powders. Sr, Fe, and O elements are present as Sr2+, Fe3+, and lattice oxygen, respectively. Dielectric property measurements revealed a Maxwell–Wagner type dielectric dispersion in the SFRO ceramics. Ferromagnetic behavior was verified by the observed magnetic hysteresis loops in the SFRO powders at 2 K and 300 K. The remanent magnetization and coercive field at 2 K were 8.23 emu/g and 3152 Oe, respectively, and the saturated magnetization was estimated to be 21.8 emu/g (or 2.0 μB/f.u.), smaller than the theoretical value of 3.0 μB/f.u. owing to the presence of the anti‐site defects. Magnetic Curie temperature (TC) was estimated to be 432.3 K. Intergranular tunneling magnetoresistance and hysteresis phenomena were observed in the SFRO powders at low temperatures, and the MR (2 K, 6 T) was measured to be −15% and −10% for MR (100 K, 6 T). Electrical transport and optical absorption measurements demonstrate the semiconducting nature of the SFRO with optical band gap of 1.39 eV. The electrical transport process follows the small polaron variable range hopping theory. The unique combination of high TC ferromagnetism with the semiconductivity enables the SFRO to be a promising candidate for spintronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The azepine‐ and oxepine‐embedded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) 1–3, as the hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene (HBC)‐based nanographenes (NG) were designed and synthesized by Diels‐Alder reaction of cyclic alkene with tetrachlorothiophene‐S,S‐dioxide, followed by Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling and Scholl‐type cyclodehydrogenation. Due to the strained seven‐membered ring and the inherent structural pattern, heteroatom‐doped NGs 1–3 show Cs symmetrical, double saddle‐helix hybrid conformation, which represents a new shape for HBC based nanographenes. The calculation studies reveal the low aromaticity of the 8π heterocycles themselves and the heterocycles also decrease the electron delocalization of benzenes surrounding them. Dynamics‐based calculation suggests the Cs symmetry would maintain druing the saddle‐inversion process. Meanwhile, we show property perturbation by doping with different heteroatoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two novel nitrogen‐doped, hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene (HBC)‐based nanographenes (NGs) 1 and 2 bearing an azepine and an azocine at the fjord region, respectively, were synthesized and characterized. Notably, structure 1 was synthesized by Diels–Alder reaction of cyclic alkene and tetrachlorothiophene‐S,S‐dioxide, followed by Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling and Scholl‐type reactions, which represents a modified strategy to construct NGs. The azo‐heptagon‐embedded NG 1 leads to a saddle shape, and the azo‐octagon‐embedded NG 2 exhibits a distorted saddle‐helix conformation with the largest torsion angle recorded so far in [5]helicenes. As a result, the different structural topographies for NGs 1 and 2 lead to significant changes in the optical properties including UV absorption and fluorescent emission. Additionally, the 8π‐heterocycles azepine and azocine in the NGs 1 and 2 exhibited obvious antiaromatic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, structural and magnetic properties of single‐crystalline (La0.6Pr0.4)0.67Ca0.33MnO3 nanowires synthesized via a hydrothermal process are reported. The nanowires are crystallized in an orthorhombic structure (Pnma space group). Their lattice parameters follow the relationship a ≈ c ≈ b/√2. These nanowires exhibited a clean and smooth surface with diameters of 60‐120 nm and an average length of approximately 2.0 μm. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy images confirmed the single‐crystalline nature of the nanowires growing along the [100] direction. The nanowires demonstrated magnetic hysteresis loops at low temperatures and a weak exchange bias (EB) effect. Paramagnetic (PM)–ferromagnetic (FM) phase transition occurred at a Curie temperature (TC) of 224 K, and strong irreversibility between zero‐field‐cooled (ZFC) and field‐cooled (FC) magnetization (MZFC and MFC, respectively) curves was observed at 273 K. The MZFC curve exhibited a significantly broad peak with a maximum at a freezing temperature (Tf) of 134 K. Relative difference between MFC and MZFC in the nanowires [(MFC − MZFC)/MFC] rapidly increased below Tf and reached approximately 50% below 35 K. The effective magnetic moment deduced from the Curie constant is larger than the theoretical value, indicating short‐range FM interactions in the nanowires. A positive PM TC (θp) implies dominant FM interactions in the nanowires, and θp > TC observed herein indicates the existence of short‐range ordered states above TC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earth's cryosphere and biosphere are extremely sensitive to climate changes, and transitions in states could alter the carbon emission rate to the atmosphere. However, little is known about the climate sensitivities of frozen soil and vegetation production. Moreover, how does climate heterogeneity control the spatial patterns of such sensitivities, and influence regional vulnerability of both frozen soil and vegetation production? Such questions are critical to be answered. We compiled long‐time‐series dataset including frozen soil depth (FD), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and temperature and precipitation across Tibetan Plateau to quantify their sensitivities. Results reveal large spatial heterogeneity in FD and NDVI sensitivities. Precipitation alleviated FD sensitivities to warming in the cold northeast zone but accelerated FD sensitivities to precipitation in the warm south and southeast. Meanwhile, the positive warming effect on the NDVI was largely offset by slow increase of precipitation. Areas with high FD decreasing rate were found in northeast, inland, and south and southeast zones. Predominate area across the nine eco‐regions are characterized as medium FD decreasing rate, and are synchronized with positive NDVI response in inland and west Himalayas, but negative in northeast and south and southeast. Precipitation restriction on NDVI would be pronounced in moist south and southeast. Our study provides new information that makes a much‐needed contribution to advancing our understandings of the effects of global climate change on cryosphere and biosphere, which has important implications for global climate and our ability to predict, and therefore prepare for, future global climatic changes. Our attempt confirms that the method we used could be used to identify climate sensitivity of permafrost based on substantial observation data on active layer dynamics in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) often have concomitant anxiety and depression. Mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy (MBCT) combines the principles of cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness. It is a group‐based therapy and has been shown to be efficacious in functional gastrointestinal disorders. There are no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating MBCT in FD. We aimed to evaluate feasibility and efficacy of MBCT in FD management. Methods: We performed a mixed‐method single‐center pilot randomized trial of 28 patients fulfilling ROME‐III criteria for FD. Fifteen patients were randomized to an 8‐week MBCT program while 13 underwent treatment‐as‐usual (TAU). Patients completed questionnaires at baseline and at week 8. Two focus‐groups were conducted. Feasibility of recruitment, acceptability of randomization, procedures and intervention, handout compliance and feasibility of quantitative measures were assessed. The primary outcome was subjective‐clinical‐assessment of FD symptoms (SCA‐FD). Secondary outcome measures included Short‐form Nepean Dyspepsia Index (SF‐NDI), subjective‐clinical‐assessment of general health (SCA‐GH), EuroQoL‐Visual Analog Scale (EuroQoL‐VAS), and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale–21 Items (DASS‐21). Results: Twelve of 15 patients in the MBCT group completed the program. There was a trend towards symptom improvement, with 90% in the MBCT group reporting improvement in SCA‐FD compared with 45% in TAU(P = 0.063). Patients who underwent MBCT reported greater improvement in SF‐NDI (mean change: −8.8 (SD: 7.5) vs −0.7 (7.2), P = 0.018) and DASS‐21 (−19.8 (29.5) vs −5.5 (6.6) P = 0.13) compared with TAU. There was no difference in SCA‐GH and EuroQoL‐VAS. Based on SCA‐FD improvement, the eventual RCT will require 50 patients (25 in each group). Conclusions: Mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy is likely efficacious for FD, and it would be feasible to conduct a RCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An intramolecular palladium‐catalyzed tandem γ‐arylation/aromatization reaction of cyclohex‐2‐en‐1‐one derivatives was developed. This work provides a simple and efficient approach for the construction of substituted 3,4‐dihydroanthracen‐1(2H)‐ones in good yields with a broad substrate scope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Emperipolesis is a pathological feature for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). We have previously found that CD8+ T cells participated in the emperipolesis in AIH. In this study we aimed to clarify the characteristics and molecular mechanisms of emperipolesis in patients with AIH in vitro and in mice with α‐Galactosylceramide (α‐GalCer)‐induced acute hepatitis. Methods: The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with various chronic liver diseases and healthy controls were co‐cultured with hepatic cell lines to induce emperipolesis in vitro. Confocal staining was performed to illustrate the cellular types and potential mechanisms of emperipolesis in AIH. In addition, a murine model of α‐GalCer‐induced acute hepatitis that mimics human AIH was used to confirm the role of CD44/p‐ERM/F‐actin in the emperipolesis process in vivo. Results: In the co‐cultured system of PBMC and hepatic cell line, emperipolesis was observed most commonly in patients with AIH. The main cells participating in emperipolesis were CD8+ T cells, and they penetrated hepatic cells actively via the CD44/p‐ERM/F‐actin pathway. As a result, most CD8+ T cells engulfed by hepatic cells underwent apoptosis. In the α‐GalCer‐induced acute hepatitis model, emperipolesis was observed around the inflammatory foci and was inhibited by the ezrin phosphorylation inhibitor NSC668394. Similarly, activated murine CD8+ T cells penetrated primary hepatocytes via the CD44/p‐ERM/F‐actin pathway in vitro. Conclusions: CD8+ T cells penetrate hepatic cells actively via the CD44/p‐ERM/F‐actin signaling pathway and undergo apoptosis. This may be a compensatory mechanism to attenuate the overwhelming immune attack in AIH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the transfer and dissipation of strain energy in the surrounding rock of a deep roadway were analyzed, considering the objective strain softening and dilatancy behaviors. The strain energy increment was decomposed, and its variation was analyzed based on the incremental plastic flow theory; then, a numerical simulation was conducted for verification and further analysis. The results were verified by the field monitoring data of a coal mine gateway. The results show that in the elastic stage, the volumetric elastic strain energy density Uev decreases, while the shear elastic strain energy density Ues increases. In the plastic stage, both Uev and Ues decrease. The volumetric plastic strain energy density Upv is negative, and its absolute value increases, leading to strain energy accumulation. In contrast, the shear plastic strain energy density Ups is positive and increases, leading to strain energy dissipation. Considering strain softening, the elastic strain energy decreases, the plastic strain energy increases, and the region of strain energy dissipation expands. Considering dilatancy, the plastic strain energy varies more significantly, and the effect of strain softening is amplified. The strain energy is transferred from the deep part to the shallow part of the elastic zone and then to the plastic zone. The preexisting and input strain energies in the plastic zone are transformed into considerable amounts of plastic strain energy and then dissipated. Thereafter, a significant plastic strain appears, leading to the large deformation of the surrounding rock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of internal fixation versus hemiarthroplasty in the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly. Methods: A search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases up to April 2020. The present study compared internal fixation and hemiarthroplasty in the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly. RevMan5.3 software provided by the International Cochrane Group was used for the meta‐analysis. To compare the differences in the operation time, intraoperative bleeding, length of hospital stay, superficial infection, Harris hip score, mortality within 1 year, mortality within 2 years, reoperation, incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT), partial weight‐bearing time, non‐union, and implant‐related complications between an internal fixation group and an hemiarthroplasty group. Results: A total of 1300 patients were included in nine studies. The results showed that the operation time (MD = −18.09, 95% CI: −27.85–−8.34, P = 0.0003), intraoperative bleeding (MD = −195.31, 95% CI: −244.8–−147.74, P < 0.0001), implant‐related complications (MD = 3.83, 95% CI: 1.74–8.45, P = 0.0008), and partial weight‐bearing time (MD = 17.21, 95% CI: 1.63–32.79, P = 0.03) have statistical significance. However, there is not statistical significance for the Harris hip joint function scale (HHS) (MD = 5.60, 95% CI: −1.13–12.33, P = 0.10), DVT (MD = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.45–2.27, P = 0.97), length of hospital stay (MD = ‐1.08, 95% CI: −2.82–0.66, P = 0.22), superficial Infection (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.43–1.98, P = 0.89), mortality within 1 year (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.61–1.48, P = 0.81), mortality within 2 years (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.61–1.43, P = 0.75), reoperation (MD = 1.80, 95% CI: 0.64–5.04, P = 0.26), and non‐union (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 0.48–3.03, P = 0.70). The result of the subgroup analysis showed no significant differences between the less than 2 years follow‐up and the 2 years or more follow‐up group. The only difference was for the Harris hip score: the internal fixation group was superior to the hemiarthroplasty group in the less than 2 years subgroup analysis, while there was no difference between the internal fixation group hemiarthroplasty group in the 2 years or more subgroup analysis. Conclusion: Compared with the internal fixation group, those in the hemiarthroplasty group could carry out weight‐bearing training early and implant‐related complications were reduced, but it requires longer operation time and there is greater intraoperative blood loss. There is no difference in mortality, the incidence of DVT, non‐union, HHS, reoperation, length of hospital stay, and superficial infection. Hemiarthroplasty may be a better choice for unstable intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congenital pain insensitivity is a rare genetic disease and its clinical manifestations are many. In orthopaedics, common complications of this disease include painless fracture and Charcot's arthropathy. We followed up a case of multiple fractures of the lower extremity in two years, during which time he came to the clinic for five painless fractures of the lower extremity in a total of six parts. A mutation was found on the NTKRI gene (chr1:156813923(hg19), NM_001007792.1: c.1221938C > T). We have developed a combination of surgery and conservative treatments for his condition, focusing on the mental state of the child and considering comprehensive treatment to be the best option for this type of patient. Occult fractures caused by pain insensitivity are often treated only as fractures, however their complications require routine examination and cleaning, suitable protective shoes, splint fixation, stretching, guided exercise planning, and early treatment of injuries. Due to the risk of fracture in the future, it is important that parents pay attention to the behavior and psychology of the child, such as not letting the child participate in exercise with a risk of injury, protective measures while playing, engaging in psychological counseling, and inducing interest in mental activity. These interventions will play a very important role in preventing the recurrence of fracture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents new detrital zircon laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) U–Pb ages and in situ Hf–O isotopic data in order to constrain the depositional age and provenance of the Benxi Formation in the Sanmenxia area of the southern North China Craton (NCC). Detrital zircons in quartz sandstone drillcore from the Benxi Formation are euhedral–subhedral, oscillatory zoned, and have high Th/U ratios (0.03–1.60, generally greater than 0.3) that are indicative of a magmatic origin. Detrital zircons from samples 13H16A and 13H16B yield seven (2544, 1788, 1123, 955, 737, 441, and 344 Ma) and six main age populations (2440, 1583, 951, 759, 434, and 348 Ma), respectively. The εHf(t) values of the Neoarchean–Paleoproterozoic zircons range from −11.3 to +13.9, and these zircons have δ18O values that range from 5.68‰ to 8.83‰. The Neoproterozoic zircons have variable εHf(t) (−9.2 to +12.5) and δ18O (5.58‰ to 9.85‰) values, whereas the Palaeozoic zircons have εHf(t) values between −19.9 and +13.4 and δ18O values of 5.23‰–9.43‰. The Benxi Formation was deposited during the late Carboniferous and contains sediments derived from igneous rocks of the North Qinling Orogen combined with a small amount of material derived from Precambrian basement of the NCC. The northward subduction of the South Qinling Orogen caused the uplift and erosion of the North Qinling Orogen during the late Carboniferous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Collagen triple helix repeat containing‐1 (CTHRC1) is a highly conserved extracellular matrix glycoprotein that is overexpressed in two murine models of cholestatic liver fibrosis. Elevated CTHRC1 has been found to attenuate liver fibrosis in these murine models, thus we aimed to study the expression of CTHRC1 in patients with cholestatic liver diseases and its correlation with hepatic conditions. Methods: Ninety patients with chronic liver disease, including 48 had primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), 18 had primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and 24 had chronic hepatitis B (CHB), together with five healthy controls (HC), were recruited to this study. Participants' liver sections were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Serum CTHRC1 levels in another cohort of 59 patients with PBC and 10 age‐matched HC were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results: CTHRC1 protein was primarily expressed in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC). CTHRC1 expression was significantly increased in the PBC and PSC groups, compared with the HC and CHB groups. Importantly, the hepatic fibrosis stage of the PBC group was positively correlated with hepatic CTHRC1 expression (r = 0.425, P = 0.003). Meanwhile, there were significant correlations between serum CTHRC1 levels and both the degrees of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis stage in the PBC group (r = 0.300, P = 0.022; r = 0.321, P = 0.012). Conclusion: CTHRC1 may play a role in hepatic fibrogenesis in PBC and that serum CTHRC1 may be a potential novel noninvasive biomarker in the assessment of liver fibrosis and inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Keywords: azide-alkyne click reaction; bioimaging; fluorogenic bioorthogonal reaction; photoactivatable fluorophore; tetrazole-alkene cycloaddition EN azide-alkyne click reaction bioimaging fluorogenic bioorthogonal reaction photoactivatable fluorophore tetrazole-alkene cycloaddition 1 1 1 09/06/22 20220901 NES 220901 B Dual-activation fluorescence b , a novel strategy for fluorescent probe design, provides more precise spatiotemporal control. This study describes a novel photoactivatable fluorogenic azide-alkyne click (FPAAC) based probe, which could be orthogonally activated by azide-alkyne click- and light-induced cycloadditions. Azide-alkyne click reaction, bioimaging, fluorogenic bioorthogonal reaction, photoactivatable fluorophore, tetrazole-alkene cycloaddition. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction It has been hypothesized that two distinctive forms of Internet addiction exist. Here, generalized Internet addiction refers to the problematic use of the Internet covering a broad range of Internet-related activities. In contrast, specific forms of Internet addiction target the problematic use of distinct online activities such as excessive online video gaming or activities in social networks. Methods The present study investigates the relationship between generalized and specific Internet addiction in a cross-cultural study encompassing data from China, Taiwan, Sweden and Germany in n = 636 participants. In this study, we assessed - besides generalized Internet addiction - addictive behavior in the domains of online video gaming, online shopping, online social networks and online pornography. Results The results confirm the existence of distinct forms of specific Internet addiction. One exception, however, was established in five of the six samples under investigation: online social network addiction correlates in large amounts with generalized Internet addiction. Discussion In general, it is of importance to distinguish between generalized and specific Internet addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern distributed sources can either be ac or dc. It is thus possible to form hybrid microgrids with both ac and dc subgrids inter-tied by power converters. The resulting hybrid architecture allows loads to be flexibly placed, hence reducing the amount of power conversion needed. Hybrid microgrids can therefore be more efficient if controlled appropriately. For that, a droop scheme is now proposed for coordinating energy flows within the hybrid microgrids. The scheme operates autonomously and efficiently without demanding for fast communication links. The overall energy flow tuning and hybrid microgrids have already been tested in experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Absolute configurations (ACs) of 3-alkylphthalides including natural products (−)-3- n-butylphthalide ((−)- 1) and fuscinarin have been studied using chiroptical properties and quantum chemical calculation. Electronic circular dichroism and optical rotatory dispersion spectra of ( S)- 1 predicted adopting time-dependent density functional theory and hybrid functionals coincide very well with the experimental and literature data of (−)- 1, leading unambiguously to AC assignment as S for levorotatory isomer. The relationship between structures and chiroptical properties of 3-alkylphthalides were also studied using theoretical calculation. It is found that when the alkyl group is adjacent to the single chiral center in the molecule, both the length of the alkyl side chain and the polarity of solvent may exert significant effect on electronic circular dichroism spectra. On the basis of these observations, it is recommended that the long-chain alkyl group may be replaced by at least propyl instead of methyl group in such compounds. The present work shows that combination of chiroptical properties and ab initio calculations can provide a feasible and reliable way to the AC establishment of novel 3-alkylphthalide derivatives with a high degree of confidence. Chirality 24:987-993, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new diketopiperazine alkaloids, rel-(8 R)-9-hydroxy-8-methoxy-18- epi-fumitremorgin C ( 1), rel-(8 S)-19,20-dihydro-9,20-dihydroxy-8-methoxy-9,18-di- epi-fumitremorgin C ( 2), rel-(8 S,19 S)-19,20-dihydro-9,19,20-trihydroxy-8-methoxy-9- epi-fumitremorgin C ( 3), and (3 S,8 S,9 S,18 S)-8,9-dihydroxyspirotryprostatin A ( 4), together with the eight known compounds 5- 12, were isolated from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. The structures of the new compounds were determined by extensive spectroscopic methods including HR-ESI-MS, NMR, and CD experiments. Compound 12 showed weak inhibitory activity in vitro against the release of β-glucuronidase in rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes induced by the platelet-activating factor. None of the twelve compounds exhibited detectable cytotoxic activities toward five human tumor cell lines (HCT-8, Bel-7402, BGC-823, A549, and A2780) in the MTT assay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was developed for the rapid determination of the volatile chemical compositions of Gymnotheca involucrata Pei. The experimental parameters of the MAE–HS-SPME were optimized by orthogonal experimental design. The results indicated that the optimal experimental parameters for determination of the volatile constituents of Gymnotheca involucrata Pei. were: sample weight 2.0 g, microwave power of 400 W and irradiation time of 3.0 min. Employing these conditions, 106 volatile constituents in the dry stems and 103 volatile constituents in the dry leaves of Gymnotheca involucrata Pei. were separated and identified, amounting to 93.58 and 98.53% of the total peak areas, respectively. The major components found in the oil extracted from the stems and leaves were nerolidol (16.57, 17.50%), sabinene (3.35, 3.65%), cis, cis, cis-1,1,4,8-tetramethyl-4,7,10-cycloundecatriene (4.64, 5.03%), α-copaene-8-ol (6.01, 6.33%) and phytol (2.92, 3.03%), respectively. Relative standard deviation (RSD) values of <9.0% showed that the MAE–HS-SPME method followed by GC–MS has good precision. The experimental results demonstrated that this solvent-free method is simple, time-efficient, and is a potentially suitable analytical tool for the determination of volatile compounds from vegetative and other materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is a hole transport polymer material used in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and can reach mobilities as high as 0.1 cm2 V−1 s−1. Factors that affect the charge mobility and the transport mechanisms of P3HT-based OFET systems are therefore of great importance. We use quantum mechanical methods to interpret the charge mobility and the transport properties of self-assembled P3HT molecules along the intra-chain and inter-chain directions. Our approach is illustrated by a hopping transport model, in which we examine the variation of charge mobility with torsional angle and the intermolecular distance between two adjacent thiophene segments. We also simulate packed P3HT structures via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The MD results indicate that the resultant mobility along the π−π inter-chain direction is significantly less than that along the intra-chain direction. Accordingly, the main charge-transfer route within the P3HT ordered domains is an intra-chain rather than an inter-chain one. The calculation result for the inter-chain hole mobility is around 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is consistent with experimental data from P3HT single fibril. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines whether the expression of cyclooxgenase-2 (COX-2) in urothelial carcinoma (UC) is associated with macrophage infiltration, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression and angiogenesis. We investigated the expression of COX-2 associated with HIF-1α and performed double immunohistochemical analysis of 216 UCs for COX-2 expression and the correlation with tumor-associated-macrophage (TAM) density and microvessel density (MVD) in situ. A high expression of COX-2 was positively correlated with tumor invasiveness, histologic grade and HIF-1α expression in UC (p<0.0001, p=0.003, p<0.0001, respectively). Quantification of double staining of COX-2/CD34 and COX-2/CD68 showed that a higher MVD and TAM density was found in COX-2 high-expression than in COX-2 low-expression tumor fields (p<0.0001). Adjacent to the principal of COX-2 expression areas, MVD value and TAM density were significantly increased in HIF-1α high-expression specimens compared with HIF-1α low-expression ones (p<0.0001). Interestingly, our data revealed that high COX-2 expression (p =0.002), high HIF-1α expression (p<0.0001) and TAM density (p<0.0001) were all associated with high MVD value. Our results suggest that COX-2 may produce a cooperative effect in promoting tumor progression and may be involved in the process of angiogenesis through increasing TAM infiltration or HIF-1α regulation by hypoxia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim was to investigate the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and cyclin D1 in correlation with clinicopathologic features of urothelial carcinoma (UC). Tissue microarrays (TMA) were constructed from paraffin-embedded specimens of 94 UC patients and immunohistochemical staining was used. High hTERT expression was found in 50 (53%) of the 94 tumors and was significantly associated with tumor invasiveness and tumor grade ( P=0.008 and 0.0190, respectively). High cyclin D1 expression was found in 69 (73%) of the 94 tumors and was significantly associated with non-invasiveness and smaller tumor size, but there was no correlation with tumor grade. Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated that patients with low hTERT and high cyclin D1 levels had longer local recurrence-free survival ( P=0.0482 and 0.0123, respectively). In addition, patients with high cyclin D1 levels had longer disease-free survival ( P=0.0195). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that hTERT and cyclin D1 may be of recurrence predictive value for UC, thus providing clinicians with ancillary information when deciding on suitable therapeutic strategies in UC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An energy‐efficient and highly accurate change detection method for a vehicular black box system by utilising information in a compressed domain is presented. Studies have shown that most automobiles spend a substantial percentage of time parked rather than driven. Thus, minimising energy consumption in a parked mode is crucial for vehicular black box systems design to prevent the battery being fully discharged. To meet a low energy requirement in parked mode, a hybrid video encoding engine with JPEG for parked and H.264 for driving mode is used. A change detection method is devised for parked mode using the JPEG encoder. The proposed change detection method detects events by utilising discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients that are readily available from the JPEG encoder at no extra computing cost. By using the ratio AC coefficients to a DC coefficient in each DCT block, illumination‐resistant change detection has been successfully achieved. The illumination‐invariant detection reduced the false positives while maintaining a very low false negative ratio. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves 25.6–24.2% lower energy consumption and 25.4–1.2% better accuracy in illumination‐varying circumstances compared with existing illumination‐independent change detection algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]