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In alkali metal‐doped optical temperature measurement materials, the influence of the electronegativity difference of alkali metal ions on optical temperature measurement performance is rarely reported. This study investigates and analyzes the performance of optical temperature measurement of Na0.5Gd0.5TiO3: Yb, Er doped with Li+ and K+ ions, utilizing the Judd‐Ofelt theory and the first‐principles method. The results reveal that the sensitivities increase with the increase of atomic number of doped alkali metal ions. The reason is that a difference in ionic radius between the dopant and the replaced ion decreases the symmetry of the crystal field and increases the value of Ω2. The doping K+ with low electronegativity leads to an increase in the s orbital electron density of rare earth ions, thereby repelling the d orbital electrons, reducing the d electron density, and decreasing the value of Ω6. Based on the Judd‐Ofelt theory, a combination of a large Ω2 and a small Ω6 is expected to enhance the absolute sensitivity of optical temperature‐measuring materials doped with rare earth ions. Therefore, it can be concluded that doping an ion with low electronegativity and a significant radius difference from the substitution site is beneficial for enhancing the optical temperature sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chiral multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (CP‐MR‐TADF) materials hold promise for circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes (CP‐OLEDs) and 3D displays. Herein, we present two pairs of tetraborated intrinsically axial CP‐MR‐TADF materials, R/S‐BDBF‐BOH and R/S‐BDBT‐BOH, with conjugation‐extended bidibenzo[b,d]furan and bidibenzo[b,d]thiophene as chiral sources, which effectively participate in the distribution of the frontier molecular orbitals. Due to the heavy‐atom effect, sulfur atoms are introduced to accelerate the reverse intersystem crossing process and increase the efficiency of molecules. R/S‐BDBF‐BOH and R/S‐BDBT‐BOH manifest ultra‐pure blue emission with a maximum at 458/459 nm with a full width at half maximum of 27 nm, photoluminescence quantum yields of 90 %/91 %, and dissymmetry factors (|gPL|) of 6.8×10−4/8.5×10−4, respectively. Correspondingly, the CP‐OLEDs exhibit good performances with an external quantum efficiency of 30.1 % and |gEL| factors of 1.2×10−3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chiral materials and circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes (CP‐OLEDs) have potential applications in 3D display due to the generation of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). However, achieving a combination of chirality, high efficiency, and narrowband emission for thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials has proven to be a challenging endeavor, often involving complicated synthesis and chiral separation processes. In this study, a simple design approach is introduced by direct connection of the multiple resonance (MR) skeleton and chiral (R/S)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl units, obtaining two pairs of chiral MR‐TADF enantiomers (R/S)‐DtCzB‐OBN and (R/S)‐DtCzB‐BN without chiral resolution. These enantiomers exhibit blue‐green emissions with photoluminescence quantum efficiencies of up to 98% in doped films and full‐width at half‐maximum of 22 nm both in toluene and in the device. Furthermore, (R/S)‐DtCzB‐OBN and (R/S)‐DtCzB‐BN display symmetric CPL spectra with dissymmetry factors (gPL) of + 3.86(± 0.317) × 10−4/‐3.37(± 0.317) × 10−4 and + 7.09(± 0.233) × 10−4/‐7.74(± 0.233) × 10−4, respectively. The CP‐OLEDs based on (R/S)‐DtCzB‐OBN and (R/S)‐DtCzB‐BN exhibit impressive maximum external quantum efficiencies of 30.0% and 33.9%, as well as gEL factors of +3.40(± 0.362) × 10−4/‐3.11(± 0.362) × 10−4 and + 7.99(± 0.391) × 10−4/‐8.19(± 0.391) × 10−4, respectively. This research proposes a strategy for directly constructing chiral MR‐TADF materials for high‐performance CP‐OLEDs, avoiding complicated chiral separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The modification of N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) plays a pivotal role in tumor by altering both innate and adaptive immune systems through various pathways, including the regulation of messenger RNA. The YTH domain protein family, acting as "readers" of m6A modifications, affects RNA splicing, stability, and immunogenicity, thereby playing essential roles in immune regulation and antitumor immunity. Despite their significance, the impact of the YTH domain protein family on tumor initiation and progression, as well as their involvement in tumor immune regulation and therapy, remains underexplored and lacks comprehensive review. Conclusion: This review introduces the molecular characteristics of the YTH domain protein family and their physiological and pathological roles in biological behavior, emphasizing their mechanisms in regulating immune responses and antitumor immunity. Additionally, the review discusses the roles of the YTH domain protein family in immune‐related diseases and tumor resistance, highlighting that abnormal expression or dysfunction of YTH proteins is closely linked to tumor resistance. Key points: This review provides an in‐depth understanding of the YTH domain protein family in immune regulation and antitumor immunity, suggesting new strategies and directions for immunotherapy of related diseases.These insights not only deepen our comprehension of m6A modifications and YTH protein functions but also pave the way for future research and clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, chiral covalent organic framework core‐shell composite CCOF‐TpPa‐Py@SiO2 was facilely synthesized by induction at room temperature. The CCOF‐TpPa‐Py@SiO2 core‐shell composite was used as a chiral stationary phase for the separation of the racemates by high‐performance liquid chromatography, which exhibits good separation performance for chiral compounds including ketones, alcohols, esters, epoxides, carboxylic acids, amides, and amines. The effects of analyte injection mass on the enantioseparation were studied. The reproducibility and stability of the CCOF‐TpPa‐Py@SiO2 chiral column were explored. The intra‐day (n = 5), inter‐day (n = 5), and inter‐column (n = 3) relative standard deviations for the migration times and resolution of benzoin were 0.32%–0.54%, 0.45%–0.61%, and 1.21%–1.53%, respectively. In addition, the chiral separation ability of the CCOF‐TpPa‐Py@SiO2 chiral column (column A) was compared with that of the MDI‐β‐CD‐Modified COF@SiO2 (column B) as well as a commercial chiral column (Chiralpak AD‐H). The chiral recognition ability of column A is complementary to that of column B and AD‐H column. The resolution mechanism of CCOF‐TpPa‐Py@SiO2 stationary phase towards chiral analyte was explored. Hence, the synthesis of CCOF‐TpPa‐Py@SiO2 core‐shell composite by induction at room temperature as chiral stationary phases for chromatographic separation has important research potential and application prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liver fibrosis can cause hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Menstrual blood‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MenSCs) can ameliorate liver fibrosis through paracrine. Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) may be used to explore the roadmap of activated hepatic stellate cell (aHSC) inactivation to target liver fibrosis. This study established HBV transgenic (HBV‐Tg) mouse model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced liver fibrosis and demonstrated that MenSCs migrated to the injured liver to improve serological indices and reduce fibrotic accumulation. RNA‐bulk analysis revealed that MenSCs mediated extracellular matrix accumulation and cell adhesion. Liver parenchymal cells and nonparenchymal cells were identified by scRNA‐seq in the control, CCl4, and MenSC groups, revealing the heterogeneity of fibroblasts/HSCs. A CellChat analysis revealed that diminished intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) signaling is vital for MenSC therapy. Specifically, Icam1 in aHSCs acted on Itgal/Itgb2 and Itgam/Itgb2 in neutrophils, causing decreased adhesion. The expression of Itgal, Itgam, and Itgb2 was higher in CCl4 group than in the control group and decreased after MenSC therapy in neutrophil clusters. The Lcn2, Pglyrp1, Wfdc21, and Mmp8 had high expression and may be potential targets in neutrophils. This study highlights interacting cells, corresponding molecules, and underlying targets for MenSCs in treating HBV‐associated liver fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remembering what just happened is a crucial prerequisite to form long‐term memories but also for establishing and maintaining working memory. So far there is no general agreement about cortical mechanisms that support short‐term memory. Using a classifier‐based decoding approach, we report that hippocampal activity during few sparsely distributed brief time intervals contains information about the previous sensory motor experience of rodents. These intervals are characterized by only a small increase of firing rate of only a few neurons. These low‐rate predictive patterns are present in both working memory and non‐working memory tasks, in two rodent species, rats and Mongolian gerbils, are strongly reduced for rats with medial entorhinal cortex lesions, and depend on the familiarity of the sensory‐motor context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enantiopure pharmaceuticals are especially important in medicinal applications. Phenylglycine, as a critical pharmaceutical intermediate, is often utilized in single enantiomeric form for drug synthesis. Chiral membrane separation offers advantages such as simple operation, low energy consumption, and scalability, holding great potential for chiral drug separations. In this work, cellulose triacetate (CTA) membranes are prepared via phase inversion and used for permeation experiments driven by a concentration gradient to investigate selective permeation of D,L‐phenylglycine solutions. Scanning electron microscopy reveals surface and cross‐sectional morphologies of the fabricated membranes. After single‐factor optimization, the CTA membrane exhibits an enantiomeric excess of 68.94% for D,L‐phenylglycine separation. The membrane maintains its selective permeation capability after repeated use. This indicates the CTA membrane has favorable chiral selective permeation for D,L‐phenylglycine solutions with stable performance. The chiral carbon on the six‐membered ring of the CTA backbone, as well as the single‐handed helical structure of the backbone, are thought to be responsible for the chiral selectivity of the membrane. This is the first report of using CTA membranes for chiral amino acid separation, providing experimental references and theoretical basis for membrane separation of racemic mixtures. It could facilitate scalable applications of chiral membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chirality is a fundamental property of nature. Separation and analysis of racemates are of great importance in the fields of medicine and the production of chiral biopharmaceutical intermediates. Chiral chromatography has the characteristics of a wide separation range, fast separation speed, and high efficiency. The development and preparation of novel chiral stationary phases with good chiral recognition and separation capacity is the core and key of chiral chromatographic separation and analysis. In this work, the representative research progress of novel chiral porous crystal materials including chiral covalent organic frameworks, chiral porous organic cages, chiral metal‐organic frameworks, and chiral metal‐organic cages used as chiral stationary phases of capillary gas chromatography and high‐performance liquid chromatography over the last 4 years is reviewed in detail. The chiral recognition and separation properties of the representative studies in this review are also introduced and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parthenogenesis, the development of unfertilized egg cells into embryos, is a key component of apomixis. AtBBM (BABY BOOM), a crucial regulator of embryogenesis in Arabidopsis, possesses the capacity to shift nutritional growth toward reproductive growth. However, the mechanisms underlying AtBBM‐induced parthenogenesis remain largely unexplored in dicot plants. Our findings revealed that in order to uphold the order of sexual reproduction, the embryo‐specific promoter activity of AtBBM as well as repressors that inhibit its expression in egg cells combine to limiting its ability to induce parthenogenesis. Notably, AtRKD5, a RWP‐RK domain‐containing (RKD) transcription factor, binds to the 3′ end of AtBBM and is identified as one of the inhibitory factors for AtBBM expression in the egg cell. In the atrkd5 mutant, we successfully achieved enhanced ectopic expression of AtBBM in egg cells, resulting in the generation of haploid offspring via parthenogenesis at a rate of 0.28%. Furthermore, by introducing chimeric Arabidopsis and rice BBM genes into the egg cell, we achieved a significant 4.6‐fold enhancement in haploid induction through the atdmp8/9 mutant. These findings lay a strong foundation for further exploration of the BBM‐mediated parthenogenesis mechanism and the improvement of haploid breeding efficiency mediated by the dmp8/9 mutant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creating defects by heteroatom doping is commonly approved in respect of enhancing fast sodium‐ion storage of carbonaceous anodes ascribing to rich external defects, but the contribution of intrinsic carbon defects (e.g., vacancy) in improving rate‐capability has rarely been investigated. Here, a bio‐derived fibrous hard carbon with high‐reversible intrinsic defects is synthesized via metal‐assisted‐catalytic strategy. It is found that sp2‐hybridized carbon is united through catalytic‐tuning during thermal‐etching process along with the formation of low‐potential planar intrinsic carbon defects (vacancies and non‐hexagonal carbon rings) by sacrificing poor‐reversible carbon edges. Such integrated structures greatly improve the reversibility of defective sites and charge transfer kinetics, thus enhancing the slope sodium‐storage capacity of carbon below 1 V even at high current densities. Thus‐obtained fibrous carbon anodes enable boosted initial coulombic efficiency (≈90%) and ultrahigh‐rate capability in both half‐ (222.2 mAh g−1at 50 A g−1) and full‐cell (200 C, charged/discharged in ≈10 s). Interestingly, compared with meso‐/macroporous structures, such micropore‐dominated carbon fibers are more beneficial for fabricating high‐mass‐loading, crack‐free thick electrodes (>10 mg cm−2) with considerable areal‐capacity over 3.0 mAh cm−2. Paired with high‐loading Na3V2PO4 cathode (14.4 mg cm−2), full‐cell achieves admirable areal‐capacity over 1.4 mAh cm−2 and peak areal‐energy/power‐density of 3.2/74 mW cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accumulating evidence indicates that metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells supports the energy and metabolic demands during tumor metastasis. However, the metabolic alterations underlying lymph node metastasis (LNM) of cervical cancer (CCa) have not been well recognized. In the present study, it is found that lymphatic metastatic CCa cells have reduced dependency on glucose and glycolysis but increased fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Inhibition of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (CPT1A) significantly compromises palmitate‐induced cell stemness. Mechanistically, FAO‐derived acetyl‐CoA enhances H3K27 acetylation (H3K27Ac) modification level in the promoter of stemness genes, increasing stemness and nodal metastasis in the lipid‐rich nodal environment. Genetic and pharmacological loss of CPT1A function markedly suppresses the metastatic colonization of CCa cells in tumor‐draining lymph nodes. Together, these findings propose an effective method of cancer therapy by targeting FAO in patients with CCa and lymph node metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, by connecting chiral bidibenzo[b,d]furan/bidibenzo[b,d]thiophene and multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) units, two pairs of intrinsically axial chiral MR‐TADF materials (R/S‐BDBF‐BNO and R/S‐BDBT‐BNO) realize mirror‐symmetric circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) and narrowband emission. The chiral moieties effectively engage in frontier molecular orbital distributions through the establishment of covalent bonds with boron atoms. The proportions of (1,1′‐bidibenzo[b,d]furan)‐2,2′‐diol in the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied natural transition orbitals (HONTO/LUNTO) are 25.3% and 64.7%, respectively. In addition, BDBT‐BNO processes a dual‐channel transition mode, thus the (1,1′‐bidibenzo[b,d]thiophene)‐2,2′‐diol constitutes 22.8%, 24.3% and 54.0%, 46.9% of the distributions of HONTO, HONTO‐1 and LUNTO, LUNTO+1, respectively. The high proportions endow R/S‐BDBF‐BNO and R/S‐BDBT‐BNO with good CPL properties with dissymmetry factors (|gPL|) of 1.7/1.8 × 10−3. Correspondingly, the circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes based on the enantiomers exhibit mirror symmetrical circularly polarized electroluminescence with |gEL| factors of 1.5/1.6 × 10−3. Furthermore, the introduction of sulphur atoms enables BDBT‐BNO to have a high maximum external quantum efficiency of 35.7% in device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of efficient multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) materials with ultra‐narrowband emission presents an ongoing challenge. In this work, a carbazole‐fused dual‐boron embedded MR‐TADF framework is proposed, achieving three emitters, CFDBO, CFDBA, and CFDBCz, via one‐shot borylation with very high yields of over 70%. The emitters display ultra‐narrowband blue emission with peaks ranging from 452 to 479 nm and small full width at half maximum (FWHM) values of only 16–18 nm in dilute toluene solutions. Furthermore, the organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) incorporating CFDBO exhibits pure‐blue emission with a peak of 460 nm and Commission International de l'Eclairage coordinates of (0.14, 0.12). Meanwhile, OLEDs incorporating CFDBA/CFDBCz demonstrate remarkable performances with high external quantum efficiencies of 30.9%/32.4% and exceptionally slender FWHM values of 21/22 nm, representing outstanding performances among reported MR‐TADF materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tactile perception is one of the crucial ways humans interact with their surrounding environment. In recent years, many artificial tactile perception systems that mimic the biological structure have been reported, integrating various pressure sensors and neuromorphic devices. However, current works primarily focus on encoding single‐point pressure information, neglecting the spatio‐temporal information of pressure stimuli, which is important for distinguishing the spatial orientation and pressing sequences. In this study, an artificial tactile perception system capable of sensing, encoding, and learning spatio‐temporal information of pressure stimuli is presented. The system integrates piezoelectric nanogenerators and a multiple‐gate synaptic transistor, serving as the pressure sensing units and information processing unit, respectively. Exploiting the modulation capability of the gate electrode positioned variably relative to the channel on the proton migration, the spatial position and time sequence of the applied pressure can be distinguished through the change of channel conductance. The substantial potential of this system for applications is manifested in pattern lock systems, paving the way for its potential use in innovative tactile information encoding systems, intelligent unlocking systems, and other smart devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastric cancer (GC) presents a formidable global health challenge, and conventional therapies face efficacy limitations. Ubiquitin‐specific protease 7 (USP7) plays pivotal roles in GC development, immune response, and chemo‐resistance, making it a promising target. Various USP7 inhibitors have shown selectivity and efficacy in preclinical studies. However, the mechanistic role of USP7 has not been fully elucidated, and currently, no USP7 inhibitors have been approved for clinical use. In this study, DHPO is identified as a potent USP7 inhibitor for GC treatment through in silico screening. DHPO demonstrates significant anti‐tumor activity in vitro, inhibiting cell viability and clonogenic ability, and preventing tumor migration and invasion. In vivo studies using orthotopic gastric tumor mouse models validate DHPO's efficacy in suppressing tumor growth and metastasis without significant toxicity. Mechanistically, DHPO inhibition triggers ferroptosis, evidenced by mitochondrial alterations, lipid Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, and iron overload. Further investigations unveil USP7's regulation of Stearoyl‐CoA Desaturase (SCD) through deubiquitination, linking USP7 inhibition to SCD degradation and ferroptosis induction. Overall, this study identifies USP7 as a key player in ferroptosis of GC, elucidates DHPO's inhibitory mechanisms, and highlights its potential for GC treatment by inducing ferroptosis through SCD regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing photothermal anti/deicing fluor‐free composite coatings with high wear resistance and liquid puncture resistance is an interesting challenge. Herein, a new biomass benzoxazine monomer (C‐d) was synthesized, which was then sprayed on a glass slide, followed by spraying hyperbranched polysiloxane (HSi), polydopamine‐coated micro AlN (P@mAlN), and polydopamine‐coated nano AlN (P@nAlN), successively, to develop a new type of photothermal anti/deicing four‐layer fluor‐free composite coatings with high wear resistance and liquid puncture resistance (C‐d/yHSi/0.4P@2bAlN, y is the mass ratio of HSi to C‐d). Three‐layer composite coatings (C‐d/0.4P@zbAlN, z is the mass ratio of P@mAlN to P@nAlN) and two‐layer composite coatings (C‐d/xP@mAlN, x is the mass ratio of P@mAlN to C‐d) were also prepared to study the influence of compositions on comprehensive properties of coatings. The results show that C‐d/0.4P@zbAlN has significantly longer icing delay time (IDT) than C‐d and C‐d/xP@mAlN coatings but still shows poor wear resistance and liquid puncture resistance. Interestingly, C‐d/yHSi/0.4P@2bAlN coatings have good superhydrophobicity; as y increases, both IDT and wear resistance increase significantly. When y = 0.5, the obtained C‐d/0.5HSi/0.4P@2bAlN coating has the best integrated performance, including high anti‐deicing property (IDT = 627 s), high wear resistance, and liquid puncture resistance as well as good photothermal deicing performance, the ice melts in 343 s under the irradiation with 808 nm infrared light, overcoming the bottleneck of poor wear resistance and liquid puncture resistance of photothermal anti/deicing coatings. Besides, C‐d/0.5HSi/0.4P@2bAlN coating can effectively prevent the adhesion of pollutants and remain superhydrophobicity after soaked in different solutions (pH = 1–10). Highlights: A new biomass benzoxazine with good flexibility was synthesized.Photo‐thermal anti/deicing coatings with micro/nanostructured surfaces are built.The fluor‐free coatings have excellent wear resistance and chemical resistance.The mechanism behind was elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: A large number of studies have found that the prevalence of cognitive impairment varies in different regions. However, data on cognitive impairment in the Chinese population is still lacking. The goal of this study was to assess the prevalence of cognitive impairment among the elderly in a region of China and explore the associated risk factors. Methods: We performed a population‐based cross‐sectional survey from April to June 2022. Residents come from three villages and six urban communities in the county‐level city of Liuyang in southern China (N = 3233) and the coverage rate of our study population reached 73%. Participants were assessed with a series of clinical examinations and neuropsychological measures. A total of 2598 participants were selected after filtering out those under 60 years old or with incomplete data. Patients with cognitive impairment included those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia who met standard diagnostic criteria. Results: The prevalence of cognitive impairment, MCI, and dementia among participants aged 60 years and older were 21.48% (95% CI, 19.90–23.10), 15.70% (95% CI, 14.30–17.10), and 5.77 (95% CI, 4.90–6.70), respectively. And residents in villagers were more likely to have cognitive impairment than in urban communities (p < 0.001). Age growth and education level were independent influencing factors for cognitive impairment in all populations (p < 0.001). For lifestyles factors, both smoking and drinking reduced the risk of cognitive impairment (p < 0.05), but when further quantified, the link disappeared. Moreover, having cerebrovascular disease and severe vision impairment were risk factors (p < 0.05). Conclusion: A representative prevalence of cognitive impairment, MCI, and dementia was found in the elderly Han Chinese population in Southern China. And we further explored the role of known risk factors, particularly in physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allicin is a safe herbal extract believed to have antitumor effects, which, however, remain unclear. The aim of the present work was to discuss Allicin antitumor effects on cervical cancer using cell experiments. Using Hela and Siha to our research objectives in our study, first step, difference concentration of Allicin (20, 40, and 80 μM) treated Hela and Siha cell lines, and next step, discuss circEIF4G2 effects in Allicin antitumor effects in Hela and Siha cell lines; the cell proliferation and EdU‐positive cell number by CCK‐8 and EdU staining; cell apoptosis rate by flow cytometry; invasion cell number by transwell assay; wound healing rate by wound healing assay; and relative mRNA and protein levels using qRT‐PCR and WB assay. With Allicin supplement, the cell proliferation and EdU‐positive cell number were significantly depressed with cell apoptosis rate significantly increasing; invasion cell number and wound healing rate significantly suppressed with circEIF4G2 mRNA expression significantly down‐regulation (p <.05, respectively). However, there was no significant difference among Allicin, si‐circEIF4G2, and Allicin+si‐circEIF4G2 in cell biological activities including cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration, and relative gene and protein expression. Allicin depresses biological activities of cervical cancer cells through down‐regulating circEIF4G2/HOXA1/AKT/mTOR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to address the issue of minor fault detection in nonlinear dynamic processes, this paper proposes a fault detection method based on generalized non‐negative matrix projection‐maximum mean discrepancy (GNMP‐MMD). Firstly, the GNMP is employed to acquire the residual scores of the samples. Subsequently, a sliding window approach is integrated with MMD for real‐time monitoring of sample status within the residual subspace. In this study, GNMP is utilized to mitigate the impact of non‐Gaussianity in data distribution, while MMD serves to alleviate autocorrelation among samples. A numerical case and experimental data collected from the DAMADICS process are utilized to simulate and validate the proposed method. Compared to traditional principal component analysis (PCA), dynamic principal component analysis (DPCA), dynamic kernel principal component analysis (DKPCA), non‐negative matrix factorization (NMF), GNMP, and MMD, the experiment results clearly illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: R‐loops, three‐stranded nucleic acid structures consisting of a DNA: RNA hybrid and displaced single‐stranded DNA, play critical roles in gene expression and genome stability. How R‐loop homeostasis is integrated into chloroplast gene expression remains largely unknown.We found an unexpected function of FtsHi1, an inner envelope membrane‐bound AAA‐ATPase in chloroplast R‐loop homeostasis of Arabidopsis thaliana.Previously, this protein was shown to function as a component of the import motor complex for nuclear‐encoded chloroplast proteins. However, this study provides evidence that FtsHi1 is an ATP‐dependent helicase that efficiently unwinds both DNA–DNA and DNA–RNA duplexes, thereby preventing R‐loop accumulation. Over‐accumulation of R‐loops could impair chloroplast transcription but not necessarily genome integrity. The dual function of FtsHi1 in both protein import and chloroplast gene expression may be important to coordinate the biogenesis of nuclear‐ and chloroplast‐encoded subunits of multi‐protein photosynthetic complexes.This study suggests a mechanical link between protein import and R‐loop homeostasis in chloroplasts of higher plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A meta‐analysis was conducted to comprehensively evaluate the impact of cluster nursing interventions on the prevention of pressure ulcers (PUs) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Computer searches were performed in databases including Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) implementing cluster nursing interventions for PUs prevention in ICU patients, with the search period covering the database inception to November 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data and conducted quality assessments. Stata 17.0 software was employed for data analysis. Overall, 17 RCTs involving 1463 ICU patients were included. The analysis showed that compared with conventional nursing, cluster nursing interventions significantly reduced the incidence of PUs (odds ratio: 0.24, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.17–0.34, p < 0.001) and also significantly improved the levels of anxiety (standardized mean difference [SMD]: −1.39, 95% CI: −1.57 to 1.22, p < 0.001) and depression (SMD: −1.64, 95% CI: −2.02 to 1.26, p < 0.001) in ICU patients. This study indicates that the application of cluster nursing interventions in ICU patients can effectively reduce the incidence of PUs, as well as improve patients' anxiety and depression levels, thereby enhancing their quality of life, which is worth clinical promotion and application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient energy storage devices with suitable electrode materials, that integrate high power and high energy, are the crucial requisites of the renewable power source, which have unwrapped new possibilities in the sustainable development of energy and the environment. Herein, a facile collagen microstructure modulation strategy is proposed to construct a nitrogen/oxygen dual‐doped hierarchically porous carbon fiber with ultrahigh specific surface area (2788 m2 g−1) and large pore volume (4.56 cm3 g−1) via local microfibrous breakage/disassembly of natural structured proteins. Combining operando spectroscopy and density functional theory unveil that the dual‐heteroatom doping could effectively regulate the electronic structure of carbon atom framework with enhanced electric conductivity and electronegativity as well as decreased diffusion resistance in favor of rapid pseudocapacitive‐dominated Li+‐storage (353 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1). Theoretical calculations reveal that the tailored micro−/mesoporous structures favor the rapid charge transfer and ion storage, synergistically realizing high capacity and superior rate performance for NPCF‐H cathode (75.0 mAh g−1 at 30 A g−1). The assembled device with NPCF‐H as both anode and cathode achieves extremely high energy density (200 Wh kg−1) with maximum power density (42 600 W kg−1) and ultralong lifespan (80% capacity retention over 10 000 cycles). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The present study aimed to elucidate mechanisms of liothyronine on the treatment of ischemic stroke (IS). Methods: Differential analysis based on R limma package was used to identify differentially expressed genes, which were then mapped into the connectivity map database for identification of liothyronine associated with IS. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway was verified through pathway enrichment analysis via Enrichr online. Ischemia stroke mouse model was built up for further analysis. Infarct area and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were measured by 2, 3, 5‐triphenyltetrazolium chloride and laser Doppler flowmetry, respectively. Light microscope was used for the evaluation of body weight and dark neurons. Serum TXB2, 6‐Keto‐PGF1a, TNF‐α, and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) levels in mice were measured using enzyme‐linked immuno sorbent assay. In addition, relative protein expression levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, nestin, and Sox2 were detected by Western blot analysis. Results: Liothyronine with a negative connectivity was identified as one promising treatment for IS through TNF signaling pathway. The experimental results showed that liothyronine treatment significantly meliorated infarct area and the number of dark neurons in IS mice. Liothyronine greatly ameliorated the expression levels of TXB2 and 6‐Keto‐PGF1a. Besides, rCBF and body weight change of IS mice were increased gradually with increase of drug concentration. Based on pathway enrichment analysis, anti‐inflammatory response (TNF‐α and IL‐6) relevant to TNF signaling pathway was identified, which was further validated in vitro. Furthermore, proteins as neural stem cell markers made a difference with liothyronine treatment. Conclusion: Liothyronine may be a novel therapeutic component to exploit an effective medicine for the treatment of IS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is abundant in cruciferous vegetables and it present pharmacological activity including anticancer activity in many types of human cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Currently, no available information to show AITC affecting DNA damage and repair‐associated protein expression in human gastric cancer cells. Therefore, in the present studies, we investigated AITC‐induced cytotoxic effects on human gastric cancer in AGS and SNU‐1 cells whether or not via the induction of DNA damage and affected DNA damage and repair associated poteins expressions in vitro. Cell viability and morphological changes were assayed by flow cytometer and phase contrast microscopy, respectively, the results indicated AITC induced cell morphological changes and decreased total viable cells in AGS and SNU‐1 cells in a dose‐dependently. AITC induced DNA condensation and damage in a dose‐dependently which based on the cell nuclei was stained by 4′, 6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole present in AGS and SNU‐1 cells. DNA damage and repair associated proteins expression in AGS and SNU‐1 cells were measured by Western blotting. The results indicated AITC decreased nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (NRF2), heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), glutathione, and catalase, but increased superoxide dismutase (SOD (Cu/Zn)), and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in AGS cells, however, in SNU‐1 cells are increased HO‐1. AITC increased DNA‐dependent protein kinase (DNA‐PK), phosphorylation of gamma H2A histone family member X on Ser139 (γH2AXpSer139), and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) in AGS cells. AITC increased DNA‐PK, mediator of DNA damage checkpoint protein 1 (MDC1), γH2AXpSer139, topoisomerase II alpha (TOPIIα), topoisomerase II beta (TOPIIβ), HSP90, and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in SNU‐1 cells. AITC increased p53, p53pSer15, and p21 but decreased murine double minute 2 (MDM2)pSer166 and O6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) in AGS cells; however, it has a similar effect of AITC except increased ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3‐related protein (ATR)pSer428, checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1), and checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2) in SNU‐1 cells. Apparently, both cell responses to AITC are different, nonetheless, all of these observations suggest that AITC inhibits the growth of gastric cancer cells may through induction off DNA damage in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, featuring di[2.2]paracyclophane (DpCp) amine derivatives as electron donors and 4‐(4,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)phenyl (Trz) as the electron acceptor, four thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules are disclosed. The C2 symmetric molecules, DpCpN‐Trz and DpCpCz‐Trz, bearing a chair‐like planar chiral di[2.2]paracyclophane moiety, are obtained as optically pure enantiomers (R/S)‐C‐DpCpN‐Trz and (R/S)‐C‐DpCpCz‐Trz. And the compounds B‐DpCpN‐Trz and B‐DpCpCz‐Trz with a bridge‐like di[2.2]paracyclophane skeleton are meso‐compounds, thus without optically activity. All emitters show blue emissions peaking from 464 to 485 nm, accompanied by high photoluminescence quantum efficiency (up to 93%). The enantiomers (R/S)‐C‐DpCpN‐Trz and (R/S)‐C‐DpCpCz‐Trz exhibit symmetric circularly polarized photoluminescence spectra with dissymmetry factors (|gPL|) ranging from 3.8 × 10−4 to 6.7 × 10−4 in toluene and films. The organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) fabricated with these emitters achieve maximum external quantum efficiencies of up to 19.5%. Notably, the circularly polarized OLEDs (CP‐OLEDs) with (R/S)‐C‐DpCpN‐Trz and (R/S)‐C‐DpCpCz‐Trz demonstrate |gEL| factors of up to 7.6 × 10−4. This study demonstrates a feasible way to design TADF materials and enantiomers by incorporating DpCp derivatives for CP‐OLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We designed three‐dimensional (3D) structures through a combination of glass fiber cloth and in situ formation of nano polyphenylene oxide (PPE) fibers during the fabrication process of thermosetting cyanate ester/bismaleimide composites and developed a self‐stitching technique based on PPE fiber and interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) for aiding the crack self‐healing. The building of 3D structure effectively improves the interface interaction between fiber and matrix and suppresses the crack propagation process in composite, leading to significant enhancement in the mechanical properties. When PPE content is 20%, the interlaminar shear strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and tensile strength of the resulting composite are 98%, 74%, 95%, and 101% higher than those of the composite without PPE. The resulting composites possess excellent thermomechanical and lower dielectric properties. Because IPNs within composites can create interspaces and easily deform above glass‐transition temperature, PPE components may penetrate through the interspaces under thermal expansion force, and the contraction stresses of polymers generate strong locking effects in composite after cooling to room temperature, then the crack surfaces of composites can be stitched by PPE fibers, significantly recovering the mechanical properties. The healing efficiency of the composite with 30% PPE after impact and then heating at approximately 280°C can reach 96%. Highlights: 3D structures were constructed during the fabrication process of glass‐fiber‐reinforced thermosetting cyanate ester/bismaleimide composite.A self‐stitching technique was developed for aiding the crack self‐healing of composite.3D structures significantly improved the interface interaction between fiber and matrix in laminated composite.The mechanical properties of the resulting composite could be significantly improved by 3D structures.The healing efficiency of the healed composite could reach 96%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to explore the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic implications of gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms (g‐NENs). Methods: A retrospective enrollment of 142 patients diagnosed with g‐NENs was conducted at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2021. The study compared essential clinicopathological features and survival rates. Additionally, the prognosis of gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas/mixed neuroendocrine–non‐neuroendocrine neoplasms (g‐NEC/MiNEN) were contrasted with those of gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) and signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC). Results: The study comprised a total of 142 g‐NENs cases, with a male‐to‐female ratio of approximately 2:1. The 5‐year survival rates for g‐NEC and g‐MiNEN were 26.7% and 35.2%, respectively. Corresponding 5‐year survival rates for G1 and G2 were observed at 100% and 80.0%, respectively. g‐NEC/MiNEN showed a significantly worse prognosis compared to g‐NET (p < 0.001). g‐NEC/MiNEN exhibited a poor prognosis compared to GAC (p < 0.001), and within poorly differentiated GAC, g‐NEC/MiNEN demonstrated a worse prognosis (p = 0.007). Additionally, patients receiving postoperative adjuvant therapy exhibited notably prolonged overall survival (OS) in the case of g‐NEC/MiNEN (p = 0.010). Conclusion: In short, the prognosis of g‐NEC/MiNEN was worse than that of g‐NET, GAC and poorly differentiated GAC, but this group benefit from postoperative adjuvant therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Whether the integration of eye‐tracking, gait, and corresponding dual‐task analysis can distinguish cognitive impairment (CI) patients from controls remains unclear. METHODS: One thousand four hundred eighty‐one participants, including 724 CI and 757 controls, were enrolled in this study. Eye movement and gait, combined with dual‐task patterns, were measured. The LightGBM machine learning models were constructed. RESULTS: A total of 105 gait and eye‐tracking features were extracted. Forty‐six parameters, including 32 gait and 14 eye‐tracking features, showed significant differences between two groups (P < 0.05). Of these, the Gait_3Back‐TurnTime and Dual‐task cost‐TurnTime patterns were significantly correlated with plasma phosphorylated tau 181 (p‐tau181) level. A model based on dual‐task gait, dual‐task smooth pursuit, prosaccade, and anti‐saccade achieved the best area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.987 for CI detection, while combined with p‐tau181, the model discriminated mild cognitive impairment from controls with an AUC of 0.824. DISCUSSION: Combining dual‐task gait and dual‐task eye‐tracking analysis is feasible for the detection of CI. Highlights: This is the first study to report the efficiency of integrated parameters of dual‐task gait and eye‐tracking for cognitive impairment (CI) detection in a large cohort.We identified 46 gait and eye‐tracking features associated with CI, and two were correlated to plasma phosphorylated tau 181.We constructed the model based on dual‐task gait, smooth pursuit, prosaccade, and anti‐saccade, achieving the best area under the curve of 0.987 for CI detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crystallinity of polyethylene has been extensively studied, but in situ experiments designed to investigate the crystallization of PE and XLPE have hardly been discussed. In this work, the crystallization behavior of PE and XLPE was investigated by designing in situ crystallization observation experiments. We have compared the crystallinity, crosslinking, viscosity properties, and gas byproducts of different XLPE insulating materials. COMSOL simulations demonstrate that the DTAP and DTBP crosslinker initiated crosslinks have better insulating properties and cable stability than the DTBC and DTBTMC crosslinkers. The formation of an insulation layer initiated by the DTAP crosslinker is beneficial for improving the breakdown strength, processing performance, and stable operation of cables. Our work is of great significance for understanding the crystallinity of XLPE and determining the correct crosslinker. Highlights: In situ crystallization observation of PE and XLPE.Simulation of ultra‐high voltage cables.Finite element analysis.Investigation of gas byproducts in XLPE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human permanent dentition has been commonly used for personal identification due to its uniqueness. Limited research, however, is conducted using 3D digital dental models. We propose to develop a new 3D superimposition method using the contours of human dentition and to further evaluate its feasibility. A total of 270 intraoral scan models were collected from 135 subjects. After a one‐year interval, 52 subjects were chosen at random and the secondary intraoral scan models were obtained. The dentition contours of the first and secondary models were extracted to form a resource dataset and a test dataset. Through the application of the iterative nearest point (ICP) algorithm, the test dataset was registered with the resource dataset, and the root mean square error (RMSE) values of the point‐to‐point distances were calculated. 104 genuine pairs and 13,936 imposter pairs were generated, and in this study, the registration accuracy was 100%. The difference between mean RMSE values for the genuine pair (0.20 ± 0.06 mm) and the minimum RMSE value for the imposter pair (0.83 ± 0.06 mm) was significant in the maxillary arch (p < 0.05). Similarly, in the mandibular arch, the difference between mean RMSE values for the genuine pair (0.22 ± 0.07 mm) and the minimum RMSE value for the imposter pair (0.85 ± 0.08 mm) was significant (p < 0.05). The difference between the RMSE value for the genuine pair in the maxillary and the mandibular arch was significant (p < 0.05). This study indicated the feasibility of dentition contour‐based model superimposition and could be considered for personal identification in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Ophiocordyceps gracilis, a type of edible and medicinal fungus, exhibits multiple health‐promoting effects. Due to the scarcity of natural O. gracilis, artificial cultures have been developed as its substitutes. However, lacking comprehension of the metabolite composition of cultures limits its utilisation. Objective: This research aimed to evaluate the nutritional and medicinal value of four cultures of O. gracilis by analysing their metabolite composition. In addition, metabolic pathways in mycelia and fruiting bodies were analysed to explore fruiting body formation mechanism at metabolic level. Method: The mycelia, fermentation broth, spore powder and fruiting bodies of O. gracilis were cultivated in this study. Their metabolite composition was compared using an untargeted metabolomics approach based on liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Results: Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) showed that the four cultures have noticeable differences in metabolite composition. A total of 612 metabolites were identified, among which 159 metabolites showed significant differences, and these differential metabolites were classified into 13 categories. The metabolites in the fruiting bodies were the most abundant compared with other cultures. However, each culture had its own advantages and significantly accumulates some active metabolites respectively. Pearson's correlation analysed the mutual relationship among metabolites. In addition, seven metabolic pathways were closely related to fruiting body formation, such as "Biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites", "amino acids metabolism", "tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle". Conclusion: This study offered a reference to mycelia, fermentation broth, spore powder and fruiting bodies of O. gracilis as health‐promoting functional foods and medicine. Ophiocordyceps gracilis is a precious edible and medicinal fungus. The metabolites composition of mycelia, fermentation broth, spore powder, and fruiting bodies of O. gracilis were compared. There were 159 differential metabolites, each culture had its own advantages and significantly accumulated some active metabolites respectively. Additionally, the relationship between metabolites and the formation mechanism of the fruiting bodies were preliminarily investigated. This study provides a reference to cultures of O. gracilis as health‐promoting functional foods and medicine development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: We explored whether volatile organic compound (VOC) detection can serve as a screening tool to distinguish cognitive dysfunction (CD) from cognitively normal (CN) individuals. Methods: The cognitive function of 1467 participants was assessed and their VOCs were detected. Six machine learning algorithms were conducted and the performance was determined. The plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) was measured. Results: Distinguished VOC patterns existed between CD and CN groups. The CD detection model showed good accuracy with an area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.876. In addition, we found that 10 VOC ions showed significant differences between CD and CN individuals (p < 0.05); three VOCs were significantly related to plasma NfL (p < 0.005). Moreover, a combination of VOCs with NfL showed the best discriminating power (AUC = 0.877). Discussion: Detection of VOCs from exhaled breath samples has the potential to provide a novel solution for the dilemma of CD screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functional connectivity (FC) derived from resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging has been widely applied to guide precise repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). The left, right, and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (DLPFC) have been used as rTMS treatment target regions for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), albeit with moderate efficacy. Thus, we aimed to develop an individualized localization method for rTMS treatment of ASD. We included 266 male ASDs and 297 male typically‐developed controls (TDCs) from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange Dataset. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) was regarded as a promising effective region, which was used as a seed and individualized peak FC strength in the DLPFC was compared between ASD and TDC. Correlation analysis was conducted between individualized peak FC strength and symptoms in ASD. We also investigated the spatial distribution of individualized peak FC locations in the DLPFC and conducted voxel‐wise analysis to compare NAc‐based FC between the two groups. ASD showed stronger peak FC in the right DLPFC related to TDC (Cohen's d = −.19, 95% CI: −0.36 to −0.03, t = −2.30, p =.02). Moreover, negative correlation was found between the peak FC strength in the right DLPFC and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) scores, which assessed both the social communication and interaction (r = −.147, p =.04, uncorrected significant), and stereotyped behaviors and restricted interests (r = −.198, p =.02, corrected significant). Peak FC locations varied substantially across participants. No significant differences in NAc‐based FC in the DLPFC were found in the voxel‐wise comparison. Our study supports the use of individualized peak FC‐guided precise rTMS treatment of male ASD. Moreover, stimulating the right DLPFC might alleviate core symptoms of ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moisture harvesters with favourable attributes such as easy synthetic availability and good processability as alternatives for atmospheric moisture harvesting (AWH) are desirable. This study reports a novel nonporous anionic coordination polymer (CP) of uranyl squarate with methyl viologen (MV2+) as charge balancing ions (named U‐Squ‐CP) which displays intriguing sequential water sorption/desorption behavior as the relative humidity (RH) changes gradually. The evaluation of AWH performance of U‐Squ‐CP shows that it can absorb water vapor under air atmosphere at a low RH of 20 % typical of the levels found in most dry regions of the world, and have good cycling durability, thus demonstrating the capability as a potential moisture harvester for AWH. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report on non‐porous organic ligand bridged CP materials for AWH. Moreover, a stepwise water‐filling mechanism for the water sorption/desorption process is deciphered by comprehensive characterizations combining single‐crystal diffraction, which provides a reasonable explanation for the special moisture harvesting behaviour of this non‐porous crystalline material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal–organic rotaxane compounds (MORCs) with supramolecular (pseudo)rotaxane motifs as main structures have inherent dynamic character, but their potential as responsive molecular machines is largely hampered by poor responsiveness to external stimuli. In this study, using a multi‐functionalized pseudorotaxane linker that combines two kinds of functionalities, a novel MORC, U‐bpybc‐CB8 (U refers to uranyl, bpybc refers to 1, 1'‐bis(4‐carboxybenzyl)‐4, 4'‐bipyridinium, and CB8 is cucurbit[8]uril), with multi‐responsive capability that can respond to both light and thermal stimuli, is reported. The characterization, combining spectra measurements and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, shows that, due to the involvement of viologen‐functionalized flexible organic dicarboxylate guest molecule in the CB8‐ involved pseudorotaxane ligand, the resultant uranyl‐based MORC exhibits photochromic behavior after UV or visible light irradiation. More interestingly, it is revealed that the exceptional thermal response of U‐bpybc‐CB8 as temperature increases from 170 to 270 K, i.e., volume expansion followed by contraction after the inflection temperature of ≈230 K, can be stemmed from the lattice flexibility of this metal–organic supramolecular network. The dual responsiveness of MORCs reported here demonstrates the potential of such supramolecular assemblies as smart molecular components like sensors and switches that respond to light irradiation or temperature changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corrosion resistance, interfacial contact resistance (ICR), and hydrophobicity of cathodic arc deposited TiN films on 316L stainless steels at different nitrogen flow rates as bipolar plates (BPs) for the proton‐exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) are investigated. It is shown in the results that the TiN‐coated 316L stainless steel prepared at a moderate nitrogen flow rate (250 sccm) exhibits a low stable corrosion current density of 6.5 × 10−8 A cm−2 in the simulated corrosive cathode environment of PEMFC, and a low ICR of 8.94 mΩ cm−2 at a pressure of 1.38 MPa after corrosion, meanwhile presents a good hydrophobicity before and after corrosion. These results are discussed by considering the probable effects of the nitrogen flow rate on the substrate/coating system based on the microstructural characterization of the substrate/coating interface and the coating, which shows that the interdiffusion will be started in the deposition process and a moderate nitrogen flow rate during the coating process will promote to the broadening of interface region and lead to the formation of a robust and high‐quality coating with fewer defects that can effectively improve the performances of the 316L stainless steel substrate as the BP for PEMFC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chondrosarcoma has a high propensity to metastasize and responds poorly to chemotherapy and radiation treatment. The enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is very important in chondrosarcoma metastasis. Melatonin exhibits anticarcinogenic activity in many types of cancers by suppressing the expression of certain MMP family members, but this has not yet been clearly determined in chondrosarcoma. Our study demonstrates that MMP7 plays an essential role in chondrosarcoma cell proliferation, migration, and anoikis resistance. We also found that MMP7 is highly expressed in chondrosarcomas. Our in vitro and in vivo investigations show that melatonin strongly inhibits chondrosarcoma cell proliferation, migration, and anoikis resistance by directly suppressing MMP7 expression. Melatonin reduced MMP7 synthesis by promoting levels of miR‐520f‐3p expression, which were downregulated in human chondrosarcoma tissue samples. Pharmacological inhibition of miR‐520f‐3p markedly reversed the effects of melatonin upon chondrosarcoma proliferation and metastasis. Thus, our study suggests that melatonin has therapeutic potential for reducing the tumorigenesis and metastatic potential of chondrosarcoma via the miR‐520f‐3p/MMP7 axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs) have attracted increasing attention because of their potential applications in next-generation displays and high-energy operating devices. However, the simultaneous achievement of high luminescent efficiency and carrier mobility in organic semiconductors remains challenging because the localized excitons are advantageous for light emission, whereas the delocalized carriers are beneficial for efficient charge migration. Herein, we report an organic single crystal of a cyano-substituted styrene derivative with balanced mobility yielding a record-high external quantum efficiency of 20.5% in OLETs. Temperature-dependent I-V curves and electronic structure analyses based on firstprinciples calculations were performed to disclose the underlying mechanism as a band transport, which provides an efficient way to achieve high quantum efficiency in OLETs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benzoxazine resins from benzoxazine monomers synthesized with green strategies often do not have high thermal resistance and mechanical strength. Herein, starting from renewable resources citraconic anhydride, furfurylamine and tyramine, a new benzoxazine monomer (CT‐fa) was synthesized and purified in green solvents (ethanol and ethyl acetate), which has excellent molding processability reflected by low melting point (84.9 °C) and low curing temperature (207–245 °C). More attractively, the cured CT‐fa resin (poly(CT‐fa)) has both high glass transition temperature (281 °C) and high initial thermal decomposition temperature (407 °C), the former is higher than those of all monofunctional benzoxazine resins synthesized though green strategies in literature, and the latter is even higher than those of all benzoxazine resins synthesized by green strategies (SCI database). In addition, poly(CT‐fa) also has high storage modulus (3955 MPa) and good tensile strength (51.60 MPa). These attractive properties demonstrate that poly(CT‐fa) is a promising green high performance resins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyethylene has excellent electrical insulation, but its low thermal stability and breakdown strength limit its application in the field of high‐voltage (HV) and ultrahigh voltage (UHV) power cables. In this work, we have developed a new organic peroxide, 2,5‐dimethyl‐2,5‐di(tert‐butylperoxy) hexane (Bi25), which can efficiently trigger the crosslinking of polyethylene (Bi25‐XLPE). Bi25‐XLPE does not produce gas byproducts and has a longer scorching time. All performance of Bi25‐XLPE sheets fulfill the standard of the 500 kV power cable insulation due to the void‐free nature, higher crosslinking density and crystallinity. In addition, one 500 kV power cable model was constructed by COMSOL, which confirmed the breakdown strength (up to 61.66 kV/mm) and stability of Bi25‐XLPE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This research investigated the dynamic changes and correlations of protease activity, material texture and flavour compounds during the fermentation (13 days) of crucian (Carassius auratus). Mixed starter fermentation (Enterococcus rivorum and Enterococcus lactis) and natural fermentation were used for the study. Results showed that the protease activity, TCA‐soluble protein and flavour substances were increased with fermentation time and were higher in the mixed fermentation group. The results of relative odour activity value showed that some aldehydes played a major role in the flavour of the product, such as octanal, nonanal and (E)‐2‐nonenal. The correlation analysis showed that protease activity and material texture (hardness and chewiness) had a significantly positive correlation with many flavour compounds (octanal, nonanal, glutamic acid, etc.). This work will provide a theoretical reference for the application of mixed starter cultures and for improving the quality of suanyu by increasing protease activity and changing the texture of the material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infant‐type hemispheric glioma, a new subtype of pediatric high‐grade glioma, arises in the cerebral hemispheres. Despite better survival outcomes, the treatment of infant‐type hemispheric glioma is still facing challenges. Here, we reported a case of QKI‐ALK fusion, infant‐type hemispheric glioma with lung metastasis who achieved a complete clinical response after lorlatinib treatment. This typical case demonstrated the importance of appropriate molecularly targeted treatments in ALK‐fused tumors, and lorlatinib may serve as an effective complement to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy in primary glioma harboring ALK fusions and its metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]