Search

Background: Lung cancer incidence and mortality remain high and are now the leading cause of cancer‐related death. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the main histological subtypes of lung cancer. Previous studies have shown the role of inflammation in the development of lung cancer, but the relationship between cytokines and LUAD is still unclear. To further differentiate and explore the association of cytokines with the risk of non‐invasive and invasive LUAD, we studied and assessed serum cytokine levels in patients with two types of LUAD. Methods: A cohort study of 90 non‐invasive LUAD and 90 invasive LUAD was retrospectively included, and the clinical characteristics were recorded in detail. The differences in the levels of 12 serum cytokines (IFN‐α, IFN‐γ, IL‐10, IL‐12P70, IL‐17A, IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐8, and TNF‐α) between the two groups of patients with LUAD were analyzed and evaluated. And we evaluated the clinical value of cytokine differential diagnosis of invasive LUAD based on receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. Results: The mean age of the patients was 56.6 years, and the proportions of males and females were 38.9% and 61.1%, respectively. IFN‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐6, TNF‐α, IL‐4, and IL‐8 were significantly increased in patients with invasive LUAD compared with the non‐invasive LUAD group. Further research found that smoking is an important factor, with changes in the four cytokines IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, and TNF‐α being significantly higher in the smoking group of patients with invasive LUAD. It can be seen from the area under the curve that IL‐1β and IL‐2 have a significant differential diagnosis. Conclusions: We observed differences in preoperative serum cytokine levels between patients with invasive and non‐invasive LUAD, which may serve as potential serum biomarkers for clinical differential diagnosis and disease progression assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FLAVIN‐BINDING KELCH REPEAT F‐BOX 1 (FKF1) encodes an F‐box protein that regulates photoperiod flowering in Arabidopsis under long‐day conditions (LDs). Gibberellin (GA) is also important for regulating flowering under LDs. However, how FKF1 and the GA pathway work in concert in regulating flowering is not fully understood. Here, we showed that the mutation of FKF1 could cause accumulation of DELLA proteins, which are crucial repressors in GA signaling pathway, thereby reducing plant sensitivity to GA in flowering. Both in vitro and in vivo biochemical analyses demonstrated that FKF1 directly interacted with DELLA proteins. Furthermore, we showed that FKF1 promoted ubiquitination and degradation of DELLA proteins. Analysis of genetic data revealed that FKF1 acted partially through DELLAs to regulate flowering under LDs. In addition, DELLAs exerted a negative feedback on FKF1 expression. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that FKF1 promotes flowering partially by negatively regulating DELLA protein stability under LDs, and suggesting a potential mechanism linking the FKF1 to the GA signaling DELLA proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]