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The current study aimed to assess the dietary salt intake in patients with CKD in Jiangsu province and investigate the relationship of urinary sodium excretion with blood pressure. A total of 800 patients with CKD stages 1–4 were recruited. All enrolled patients were asked to collect complete 24‐h urine specimen. At the same time, patient's demographic and laboratory data were recorded. The mean age was 47.45 ± 15.25 years old, including 423 men and 377 women. There was no significant difference in urinary sodium excretion among different stages of CKD (p =.748). This study revealed that the median urinary sodium excretion of all patients was 127.20 mmol/d (IQR 91.03–172.06), corresponding to a salt intake of 7.4 g/d. Among them, only 167 (20.9%) cases had salt intake <5 g/d. Moreover, urinary sodium excretion in overweight group and obese group was higher than that in normal weight group (p =.001, p ˂.001). Likewise, urinary sodium excretion in men was higher than that in women (p ˂.001). Spearman correlation analysis indicated that urinary sodium excretion positively correlated with urinary protein excretion (r =.178, p ˂.001), SBP (r =.109, p =.002), and DBP (r =.086, p =.015). After adjusting for age, gender, BMI, eGFR, urinary protein excretion, and history of taking antihypertensive drug, multivariate linear regression demonstrated that higher level of urinary sodium excretion associated with increased level of SBP, DBP, and MAP (β = 0.020, p =.049; β = 0.015, p =.040; β = 0.016, p =.025, respectively). In conclusion, the dietary salt intake in CKD patients, especially in male, overweight and obese subjects, remains high in Jiangsu province. It is vital to decline salt intake to control blood pressure in Jiangsu patients with CKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The two‐voltage‐vector (2VV) model predictive torque control (MPTC) has been widely discussed and compared to the conventional single‐voltage‐vector (1VV) MPTC in permanent magnet synchronous motor drive applications, where it was shown to have quick response and low torque ripple. An improved 2VV‐MPTC is set forth based on extended control set. In the proposed approach, the reference voltage vector is calculated using the established torque and flux deadbeat control and optimal calculation of the duty cycles. Moreover, to further improve the torque performance, the proposed algorithm is extended to three‐voltage vector (3VV), which is shown to achieve even better performance. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed 2VV and 3VV‐MPTC algorithms have better computation efficiency and can significantly reduce torque ripple compared to the previous methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermal design-analysis of devices with electrical windings impregnated using varnish materials is frequently challenging. This is due to difficulties in predicting theoretically the equivalent thermal properties for the composite materials, such as impregnated windings, in a reliable manner. The existing approach makes use of the impregnation 'goodness' factor, which allows for imperfections associated with the winding impregnation to be accounted for. This, however, requires experimentally derived data from appropriate material samples or machine assemblies. Considering relatively large range of commercially available varnishes, such data are often limited and are not readily accessible. In this investigation, a set of three alternative varnish materials commonly used in impregnation of low-voltage electrical windings has been evaluated. To provide better understanding of the material impregnating properties, data from multiple impregnations are also provided. The experimental findings have been supplemented with theoretical analysis on the impregnation 'goodness' and stator-winding contact thermal resistance for a selected winding construction. To highlight the importance of appropriate input thermal material data, a case study machine design is thermally analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]