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Objective: Emerging research challenges the one‐factor model of the future time perspective (FTP) scale by demonstrating two‐ and three‐factor models of the FTP scale. Method: Three samples (i.e., Switzerland and the United States; N = 2022) explored the factor structure, age pattern differences, tested the link between FTP factors, psychological well‐being, and life satisfaction, as well as age as a moderator. Results: We distinguished FTP into opportunities, extension, and constraint factors that corroborated previous research. We did not find a replicable curvilinear age pattern difference on any of the FTP factors. The association between extension and life satisfaction was stronger among younger than older adults. Alternatively, the association between constraint and life satisfaction was stronger among younger than older adults in Samples A and C, and the pattern was reversed in Sample B. Lastly, the association between constraint and environmental mastery was stronger among older adults than younger adults in Sample B and the pattern was reversed in Sample C. Conclusion: This variation in the perception of the future is different for people at different periods in life and has an important consequence for living life well, especially a focus on extension and lack of constraint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine isoprene plays a crucial role in the formation of secondary organic aerosol within the remote marine boundary layer. Due to scarce field measurements of oceanic isoprene and limited laboratory‐based studies of isoprene production, assessing the importance of marine isoprene on atmospheric chemistry and climate is challenging. Calculating in‐field isoprene production rates is a crucial step to predict marine isoprene concentrations and the subsequent emissions to the atmosphere. The distribution, sources, and dominant environmental factors of isoprene were determined in the Northwest Pacific Ocean in 2019. The nutrient enrichment in the Kuroshio Oyashio Extension (KOE) surface seawater, driven by the upwelling and atmospheric deposition, promoted the growth of phytoplankton and elevated the isoprene concentration. This was confirmed by observed responses of isoprene to nutrients and aerosol dust additions in a ship‐based incubation experiment, where the isoprene concentrations increased by 70% (t = 4.417, p < 0.001) and 35% (t = 2.387, p < 0.05), respectively. Biogenic isoprene production rates in the deck incubation experiments were positively related to chlorophyll a, temperature, and solar radiation, with an average production of 7.33 ± 4.27 pmol L−1 day−1. Photochemical degradation of dissolved organic matter was likely an abiotic source of isoprene, contributing to approximately 14% of the total production. Driven by high isoprene production and extreme physical disturbance, the KOE showed very high emissions of isoprene of 46.0 ± 13.0 nmol m−2 day−1, which led to a significant influence on the oxidative capacity of the local atmosphere. Key Points: Nutrient enrichment in the surface seawater driven by upwelling and atmospheric deposition promoted the biological production of isoprenePhotochemical production was confirmed as an abiotic source of marine isopreneApproximately 10%∼63% of net isoprene produced in the mixed layer was transferred to the atmosphere [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The superfamily Blaberoidea is a highly species‐rich group of cockroaches. High‐level blaberoidean phylogenetics are still under debate owing to variable taxon sampling and incongruence between mitochondrial and nuclear evolution, as well as different methods used in various phylogenetic studies. We here present a phylogenetic analysis of Blaberoidea based on a dataset combining the mitochondrial genome with two nuclear markers from representatives of all recognized families within the superfamily. Our results support the monophyly of Blaberiodea, which includes Ectobiidae s.s. (=Ectobiinae), Pseudophyllodromiidae, Nyctiboridae, Blattellidae s.s. (=Blattellinae) and Blaberidae. Ectobiidae s.s. was recovered as sister to the remaining Blaberoidea in all inferences. Pseudophyllodromiidae was paraphyletic with respect to Anaplectoidea + Malaccina. Blattellidae s.s. excluding Anaplectoidea + Malaccina formed a monophyletic group that was sister to Blaberidae. Based on our results, we propose a revised classification for Blaberoidea: Anaplectoidinae subfam.nov. and Episorineuchora gen.nov., and two new combinations at species level within Pseudophyllodromiidae; Rhabdoblattellinae subfam.nov., Calolamprodinae subfam.nov., Acutirhabdoblatta gen.nov., as well as new combinations for three species within Blaberidae. Ancestral state reconstructions based on four morphological characters allow us to infer that the common ancestor of blaberoid cockroaches is likely to be a species with characteristics similar to those found in Ectobiidae, that is, front femur Type B, arolium present, abdomen with a visible gland and male genital hook on the left side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Despite broad consensus about multicultural experience's benefits, there is a lack of research on the antecedents to multicultural experiences. Research has indicated that awe shifts attention away from the self toward larger entities, which could include elements of other cultures. Methods: Four studies (N = 2915) tested whether trait, daily, and induced awe promoted multicultural experience. Results: Studies 1–2 (adolescents, young, middle, and older adults) showed that trait awe predicted greater multicultural identity and experience independent of other positive emotions and openness. Study 3 (students & adults in U.S. & Malaysia) demonstrated that daily awe predicted more daily multicultural experience independent of yesterday's multicultural experience. These results were explained by trait and daily curiosity. Study 4 (adults) found that induction of awe increased state multicultural identity and experience via state curious emotions and then state curious personality. Conclusion: We found that experiencing more awe can be a tool for enhancing the multicultural experience. The discussion focuses on the implications for future research on awe and multicultural experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The original 26‐item Self‐Compassion Scale (SCS; Neff, 2003) and 12‐item Short‐Form Self‐Compassion Scale (SF‐SCS; Raes et al., 2011) are scales commonly used in cross‐sectional and longitudinal research to assess the global self‐compassion construct and its six facets. We introduce the Single‐Item Self‐Compassion Scale (SISC; 'I have high self‐compassion') to measure the global self‐compassion construct in time‐, space‐ and resource‐limited contexts (e.g., daily diaries, experience sampling and nationally representative surveys). Additionally, the SISC will expand knowledge about self‐compassion by providing researchers whose primary interest is not self‐compassion with a convenient, face‐valid option to measure self‐compassion. Across 10 samples (four cross‐sectional, four longitudinal and two 7‐day daily diary; N = 2,477), we demonstrated that the SISC has acceptable psychometric properties. Specifically, the SISC was temporally consistent, correlated adequately with the SCS and SF‐SCS, exhibited nearly identical correlational patterns when compared with the SCS and SF‐SCS with a wide range of criterion measures (e.g., self‐esteem, personality, affective and social functioning, mental health and demographic variables) and saved 12 min over a 7‐day diary. Results replicated among students, community samples and across the United States, Turkey and Malaysia. Thus, we provide the field with an alternative measure of the global self‐compassion construct that complements the SCS and SF‐SCS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of green chemistry is promoted by more fields. Therefore, it is necessary for the preparation of organic film under the gentle polymerization condition. In this article, the traditional strong acid polymerization electrolyte is replaced by a citric acid‐disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer system (pH 5.6). On the one hand, it reduces the negative effects of strong acid, and on the other hand, it avoids the damage of the metal substrate during the polymerization process. In addition, with o‐phenylenediamine (oPD) as the monomer, poly(oPD) (PoPD) films were successfully prepared by cyclic voltammetry under this system. The effects of concentration, temperature, and immersion time were investigated in 3.5% NaCl solution. It is found that temperature has a negative effect on the corrosion resistance of the coating. But when the temperature rises to 333 K, the resistance of the PoPD film is still five times higher than that of bare steel. The immersion test showed that when the film was immersed for 21.5 h, the impedance of the PoPD film was an order of magnitude larger than that of the bare steel that was impregnated at the same time. This research can provide new ideas for organic film in daily industrial production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deficiency of G protein‐coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) was found to protect mice from dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis. Paeoniflorin‐6′‐O‐benzene sulfonate (CP‐25) has been shown to exert anti‐inflammatory immune regulatory effects in animal models of inflammatory autoimmune disease. This study aimed to investigate the of GRK2 in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) and its effects on macrophage polarization, macrophage subtype regulation of intestinal barrier function, and therapeutic effects of CP‐25 in mice with DSS‐induced colitis. We found imbalanced macrophage polarization, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and abnormal activation of GRK2 and TLR4‐NF‐κB‐NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway in the colonic mucosa of patients with UC. CP‐25, restored the damaged intestinal barrier function by inhibiting the transmembrane region of GRK2 in macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharides. CP‐25 exerted therapeutic effects by ameliorating clinical manifestation, regulating macrophage polarization, and restoring abnormally activated TLR4‐NF‐κB‐NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway by inhibiting GRK2. These data suggest the pathogenesis of UC may be related to the imbalance of macrophage polarization, which leads to abnormal activation of TLR4‐NF‐κB‐NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway mediated by GRK2 and destruction of the intestinal mucosal barrier. CP‐25 confers therapeutic effects on colitis by inhibiting GRK2 translocation to induce the downregulation of TLR4‐NF‐κB‐NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in macrophages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), a member of the Histone deacetylase family, plays a vital role in various carcinomas. In this study, we identified that HDAC2 expression levels are associated with liver metastasis, higher T stages and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. HDAC2 down‐regulation via lentivirus‐mediated expression of HDAC2‐targeting shRNA reduced the in vitro migration and invasion ability of HCT116 cell as well as their liver metastasis in nude mouse xenografts. Mechanistically, HDAC2 promotes epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in colorectal cancer cells by combining HDAC1 with EZH2 (a key histone methyltransferase), possibly through the modular scaffold function of a new lncRNA, ENSG00000274093.1. HDAC2 thus appears to promote CRC cell migration and invasion through binding HDAC1 and EZH2 via ENSG00000274093.1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pd−Ni bimetallic nanoparticles (BMNPs) encapsulated in MIL‐100(Fe) (Pd‐Ni@MIL‐100(Fe) was fabricated and employed as an efficient catalyst for the reversible dehydrogenation/hydrogenation of N‐Heterocycles derivatives in water under mild conditions. Excellent catalytic performance for both reactions endows Pd‐Ni@MIL‐100(Fe) great potential value in organic chemistry. Alloying Pd with Ni can enhance the catalytic performance due to the bimetallic synergy. Both Lewis acidity and ordered mesoporous structure of MIL‐100(Fe) are beneficial to the performance of the catalyst owing to its stabilization of BMNPs, reduction of the electron density of Pd atoms and enhancement of substrates adsorption capacity. Bimetallics are no trick! A recyclable catalyst, Pd−Ni bimetallic nanoparticles encapsulated in MIL‐100(Fe), is fabricated and applied in acceptorless reversible dehydrogenation and hydrogenation of quinoline derivatives. Stabilization of MIL‐100(Fe) for BMNPs, absorptivity of MIL‐100(Fe) for reactants and gas together with the electronic effect between BMNPs and MIL‐100(Fe) all contribute to outstanding catalytic performance of Pd1Ni4@MIL‐100(Fe) catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A catalytic system based on Pd−Ni bimetallic nanoparticles (BMNPs) encapsulated in the nanocavities of UiO‐66 was established for the activation of C−O bonds in ethers. Pd0.25Ni4@UiO‐66 catalyst show excellent catalytic performance in the directly methylation and arylation of ethers under a mild reaction condition. High catalytic activity of the catalyst could be ascribed to the "synergistic effect" between the two metal components and strong interaction between BMNPs and the carrier (UiO‐66). BMNPs encapsulated in UiO‐66 also guarantee a good reusability of the catalyst, the catalyst delivered high catalytic activity for at least four cycles. Our work highlights the great potential value of ethers as powerful alternatives for aryl halides as well as the bright future of BMNPs and MOFs in the catalysis field. Grignard for the win! A catalyst of recyclable Pd−Ni bimetallic nanoparticles encapsulated in UiO‐66 is fabricated and applied in the C−O activation reaction of ethers, which highlights the great potential value of ethers as electrophiles. Synergistic effect between the two metal components and strong interaction between BMNPs and the carrier (UiO‐66) all contribute to outstanding catalytic performance of Pd0.25Ni4@UiO‐66 catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: An “off‐the‐shelf” hydrogel with high‐efficiency shape memory property is designed on the basis of the dynamic borax‐diol chemistry. The system is facilely prepared from only several unmodified commercially available components: acrylamide (AAm), bis‐acrylamide (Bis), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and borax. The chemically crosslinked poly(acrylamide) network works to fix the permanent shapes of the hydrogel, while the dynamic PVA–borax boronate ester bonds serve as the reversible crosslinks to memorize the deformed temporary shapes. Retreatment of the hydrogel in acid/glucose solutions dissipates the PVA–borax ester bonds to recover its permanent shape. Because of the highly invertible nature of borax‐diol chemistry, the developed hydrogel system is characterized by high shape memory/recovery ratios, continuously adjusted shape memory/recovery rates, thus having a wealth of potential applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Realization of shape memory process in polymeric hydrogels at ambient condition is a significant development to shape memory materials. The sound understanding of the dynamic shape memory process is fundamentally important but limited. Here, a novel shape memory hydrogel with simultaneously switchable fluorescence behavior is developed. The hydrogel is prepared by incorporating a pH‐responsive fluorescent molecule, perylene tetracarboxylic acid, into chitosan‐based hydrogel, and the assembly and disassembly of chitosan chains into microcrystals upon the trigger of pH are applied as reversible crosslinks to achieve shape memory effect. Therefore, the formation and disassociation of microcrystalline chitosan, and the switchable fluorescence performance happen concurrently, which bring convenience to monitoring the shape memory process by fluorescent imaging. Moreover, the erasable fluorescence behavior also gives the hydrogel potential applications in information storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Although shape memory polymers have been highlighted widely and developed rapidly, it is still a challenging task to realize complex temporary shapes automatically in practical applications. Herein, a novel shape memory hydrogel with the ability of self‐deformation is presented. Through constructing an anisotropic poly(acrylic acid)–polyacrylamide (PAAc–PAAm) structure, the obtained hydrogel exhibits stable self‐deformation behavior in response to pH stimulus, and the shapes that formed automatically can be fixed by the coordination between carboxylic groups and Fe3+; therefore, self‐deformation and shape memory behaviors are integrated in one system. Moreover, the magnitude of auto‐deformation and shape memory could be adjusted with the concentration of corresponding ions, leading to programmable shape memory and shape recovery processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Lamotrigine (LTG) is a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug that is widely used in clinic. However, the effect of LTG on cognition and neurodegeneration during epilepsy treatment remains controversial. In this study, we compared the cognitive effects of LTG and sodium valproate in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-kindled animal model, and the dose dependency was tested for LTG. Methods PTZ-kindled animals were divided into the following treatment groups: control group, treated with 3.5 mL/kg of 0.9% sodium chloride; low-dose LTG group, treated with 12.5 mg/kg of LTG; middle-dose LTG group, treated with 25 mg/kg of LTG; high-dose LTG group, treated with 50 mg/kg of LTG; VPA group, treated with 300 mg/kg of VPA. The Morris Water Maze (MWM) test commenced from the 10th day of treatment. Hippocampal cell apoptosis was determined by TUNEL staining after two weeks of treatment. Results Compared to the vehicle-treated control group, escape latency was significantly reduced in the middle- and high-dose LTG- and VPA-treated groups on the 3rd and 4th day of the MWM test ( p < .05), and spatial probe frequency was significantly improved in the middle- and high-dose LTG- and VPA-treated groups ( p < .05). Furthermore, the immunohistochemical score of TUNEL positive cells significantly decreased in the hippocampal CA1 region in the middle- and high-dose LTG- and VPA-treated groups ( p < .05). Conclusion Our data suggests that LTG may ameliorate epilepsy-induced cognitive impairment and neuronal cell apoptosis during epilepsy treatment. LTG may ameliorate cognitive impairment and neuronal cell apoptosis during epilepsy treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose To investigate the feasibility of half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) for real-time monitoring of signal changes because of water flow induced by inertial cavitation (IC) during microbubbles (MBs)-present focused ultrasound (FUS) exposure. Theory and Methods Strong turbulence produced in MB solution at the onset of IC results in the difficulty to refocus signal echoes and thus the decrease in signal intensity (SI). Fundamental investigations were conducted using an agar phantom containing MB dilutions exposed to 1.85-MHz FUS. The effects of various experimental conditions including MB concentrations, imaging slice thicknesses, chamber diameters, acoustic pressures, duty cycles, and pulse repetition frequencies (PRFs) were discussed. Results Continuous 2.8 MPa FUS exposure resulted in SI changed from 11% to 55% when MBs concentrations increased from 0.025% to 0.1%. When slice thickness increased from 3 mm to 6 or 8 mm, smaller SI changes were observed (84%, 59%, and 46%). Images acquired with chamber diameter of 6 and 3 mm showed SI changes of 84% and 35%, respectively. In burst modes, higher duty cycles exhibited higher SI changes, and lower PRFs exhibited smaller and longer SI decrease. Conclusion Under various conditions, substantial signal changes were observable, suggesting the feasibility of applying HASTE to real-time monitor IC effect under FUS exposure. Magn Reson Med 77:102-111, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By taking advantage of the redox cycle between the reductive N-oxyl radical and its oxidative oxoammonium counterpart, the N-oxyl-radical-catalyzed intermolecular aminohydroxylation of styrenes with N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide was developed. Various vinyl arenes were aminohydroxylated in moderate to excellent yields with high regio- and diastereoselectivities by using environmentally benign H2O as the oxygen source. In addition, the sequential inter/intramolecular aminoalkoxylation of homoallylic alcohols was also achieved under anhydrous conditions, which allowed the exclusive synthesis of pharmaceutically useful 2-aryl-3-amino-disubstituted tetrahydrofurans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PH and Thermo Dual-Responsive Fluorescent Hydrogel Actuator GLO:OLR/01oct21:marc202100527-fig-0001.jpg PHOTO (COLOR): 5 a) Illustration showing the thermo-induced actuating process. b-c) Shape deformation behavior: by changing the UV-irradiated domains of straight hydrogels, and putting the hydrogels into warm water, different numbers "1" "2" "3" "4" "5" "6" "7" "8" "9" can be achieved. B 2019 b , 40, 1800648 https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.201800648 In the original version of this article, the images in Figure 5c were incorrection for "2", "5", "6" and "9". [Extracted from the article]

As one of the most important smart materials, fluorescent hydrogel actuators can produce both color and shape changes under external stimuli. In the present work, an effective approach to develop a novel fluorescent hydrogel actuator with pH and thermo dual responsiveness is proposed. Through incorporating pH‐responsive perylene tetracarboxylic acid (PTCA), which is a typical fluorescent moiety with aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) effect, into an anisotropic poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)–polyacrylamide (PNIPAm‐PAAm) structure, the obtained hydrogel exhibits stable thermoresponsive shape deformation and switchable fluorescence performance upon a pH trigger. Therefore, fluorescence‐quenching‐based and actuation‐based information can be revealed when exposed to UV light and immersed into warm water, respectively. Moreover, the thermoresponsive actuating behavior can be applied to further hide the fluorescence‐quenching‐based images. The present work may provide new insights into the design and preparation of novel stimuli‐responsive hydrogel actuators. A novel fluorescent hydrogel with Janus structure is fabricated. The hydrogel exhibits pH‐responsive fluorescence and thermally induced actuating behaviors, which may provide new insights into the design and fabrication of novel intelligent materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]