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Metal‐covalent organic frameworks (MCOF) as a bridge between covalent organic framework (COF) and metal organic framework (MOF) possess the characteristics of open metal sites, structure stability, crystallinity, tunability as well as porosity, but still in its infancy. In this work, a covalent organic framework DT‐COF with a keto‐enamine structure synthesized from the condensation of 3,3′‐dihydroxybiphenyl diamine (DHBD) and triformylphloroglucinol (TFP) was coordinated with Cu2+ by a simple post‐modification method to a obtain a copper‐coordinated metal‐covalent organic framework of Cu‐DT COF. The isomerization from a keto‐enamine structure of DT‐COF to a enol‐imine structure of Cu‐DT COF is induced due to the coordination interaction of Cu2+. The structure change of Cu‐DT COF induces the change of the electron distribution in the Cu‐DT COF, which greatly promotes the activation and deep Li‐storage behavior of the COF skeleton. As anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), Cu‐DT COF exhibits greatly improved electrochemical performance, retaining the specific capacities of 760 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles and 505 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. The preliminary lithium storage mechanism studies indicate that Cu2+ is also involved in the lithium storage process. A possible mechanism for Cu‐DT COF was proposed on the basis of FT‐IR, XPS, EPR characterization and electrochemical analysis. This work enlightens a novel strategy to improve the energy storage performance of COF and promotes the application of COF and MCOF in LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seminal plasma induces immune tolerance towards paternal allogenic antigens within the female reproductive tract and during foetal development. Recent evidence suggests a role for extracellular vesicles in seminal plasma (spEVs). We isolated spEVs from seminal plasma that was donated by vasectomized men, thereby excluding any contributions from the testis or epididymis. Previous analysis demonstrated that such isolated spEVs originate mainly from the prostate. Here we observed that when isolated fluorescently labelled spEVs were mixed with peripheral blood mononuclear cells, they were endocytosed predominantly by monocytes, and to a lesser extent also by T‐cells. In a mixed lymphocyte reaction, T‐cell proliferation was inhibited by spEVs. A direct effect of spEVs on T‐cells was demonstrated when isolated T cells were activated by anti‐CD3/CD28 coated beads. Again, spEVs interfered with T cell proliferation, as well as with the expression of CD25 and the release of IFN‐γ, TNF, and IL‐2. Moreover, spEVs stimulated the expression of Foxp3 and IL‐10 by CD4+CD25+CD127‐ T cells, indicating differentiation into regulatory T‐cells (Tregs). Prior treatment of spEVs with proteinase K revoked their effects on T‐cells, indicating a requirement for surface‐exposed spEV proteins. The adenosine A2A receptor‐specific antagonist CPI‐444 also reduced effects of spEVs on T‐cells, consistent with the notion that the development of Tregs and their immune suppressive functions are under the influence of adenosine‐A2A receptor signalling. We found that adenosine is highly enriched in spEVs and propose that spEVs are targeted to and endocytosed by T‐cells, after which they may release their adenosine content into the lumen of endosomes, thus allowing endosome‐localized A2A receptor signalling in spEVs targeted T‐cells. Collectively, these data support the idea that spEVs can prime T cells directly for differentiation into Tregs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely used as a new energy storage system with high energy density and long cycle life. However, the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formed on the surface of anode consumes excess active lithium during the initial cycle, resulting in an initial irreversible capacity loss (ICL) and reducing the overall electrochemical performance. To solve the critical issue, pre‐lithiation technology has been accepted as one of the most promising strategies. Due to the pre‐lithiated treatment provides additional active lithium to compensate for the ICL and effectively improves initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE), leading to raising the working voltage, increasing the Li+ concentration, as well as improving the energy density and cycle stability of LIBs. In this overview, the causes of ICL in LIBs are analyzed from different perspectives, and various pre‐lithiation strategies are systematically classified and summarized. Finally, some current problems and development prospects in this field are summarized, with prospects for realizing industrialized technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury, resulting from blood flow interruption and its subsequent restoration, is a prevalent complication in liver surgery. The liver, as a crucial organ for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, exhibits decreased tolerance to hepatic I/R in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), resulting in a significant increase in hepatic dysfunction following surgery. This may be attributed to elevated oxidative stress and inflammation. Our prior research established sinomenine's (SIN) protective role against hepatic I/R injury. Nevertheless, the impact of SIN on hepatic I/R injury in DM rats remains unexplored. Objective and Methods: This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of SIN in hepatic I/R injury in DM rats and elucidate its mechanism. Diabetic and hepatic I/R injury models were established in rats through high‐fat/sugar diet, streptozotocin injection, and hepatic blood flow occlusion. Liver function, oxidative stress, inflammatory reaction, histopathology, and Nrf‐2/HO‐1 signaling pathway were evaluated by using UV spectrophotometry, biochemical assays, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, hematoxylin‐eosin staining, and Western blot analysis. Results: High‐dose SIN (300 mg/kg) significantly attenuated hepatic I/R injury in DM rats, reducing serum activities of ALT and AST, decreasing the AST/ALT ratio, enhancing tissue contents of SOD and GSH‐Px, suppressing the levels of TNF‐α and IL‐6, improving the liver histopathology, and activating Nrf‐2/HO‐1 signaling by promoting Nrf‐2 trans‐location from cytoplasm to nucleus. Low‐dose SIN (100 mg/kg) was ineffective. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that high‐dose sinomenine's mitigates hepatic I/R‐induced inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus (DM) rats via Nrf‐2/HO‐1 activation, suggesting its potential as a preventive strategy for hepatic I/R injury in DM patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies have suggested that intra‐articular administration of antibiotics following primary revision surgery may be one of the methods for treating prosthetic joint infection (PJI). Vancomycin and meropenem are the two most commonly used antibiotics for local application. Determining the concentrations of vancomycin and meropenem in the serum and synovial fluid of patients with PJI plays a significant role in further optimizing local medication schemes and effectively eradicating biofilm infections. This study aimed to establish a rapid, sensitive, and accurate ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method for determining the concentrations of vancomycin and meropenem in human serum and synovial fluid. Serum samples were processed using acetonitrile precipitation of proteins and dichloromethane extraction, while synovial fluid samples were diluted before analysis. Chromatographic separation was achieved in 6 min on a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column, with the mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid in water (solvent A) and acetonitrile (solvent B). Quantification was carried out using a Waters XEVO TQD triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source in positive ion mode. The multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was employed to detect the following quantifier ion transitions: 717.95–99.97 (norvancomycin), 725.90–100.04 (vancomycin), 384.16–67.99 (meropenem). The method validation conformed to the guidelines of the FDA and the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The method demonstrated good linearity within the range of 0.5–50 μg/ml for serum and 0.5–100 μg/ml for synovial fluid. Selectivity, intra‐day and inter‐day precision and accuracy, extraction recovery, matrix effect, and stability validation results all met the required standards. This method has been successfully applied in the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) studies of patients with PJI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simultaneously achieving high energy density and high‐power density in energy storage systems is a crucial direction for developing next‐generation energy storage technologies. The high capacity and rapid kinetic performance of rechargeable proton batteries provide an ideal solution for overcoming energy limitation of capacitors and power constraints of traditional metal‐ion batteries. Research efforts primarily concentrated on electrode materials design, understanding the charge storage mechanisms, and exploring the failure mechanisms. While there has been relatively less emphasis on the modifications to electrolytes and electrode‐electrolyte interfaces to enhance overall performance. Summarizing and sorting relevant work is crucial in providing direction and suggestions for future research endeavors. Herein, to improve energy density, power density, and cycle stability of proton batteries, a series of recently published studies on electrolyte and electrode‐electrolyte interfaces are discussed and reviewed. Furthermore, challenges and future directions pertaining to the electrolytes of proton batteries have been identified, offering insights to facilitate the development of proton battery technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is great difficulty in quickly calculating the impingement‐free range of motion (IFROM) of hip components with complex shapes after total hip arthroplasty. We have established a new algorithm to investigate the effect of different shapes of hip components on the IFROM and impingement‐free safe zone (IFSZ). Then find the best combination of hip prosthesis and the optimal mounting position of the elevated‐rim liner under different radiographic anteversion (RA) and radiographic inclination (RI) of the cup. We found the larger the opening angle of the beveled‐rim liner and the smaller the cross‐sectional area of the stem neck with an inverted teardrop cross‐sectional shape, the greater the IFROM of the hip component. The beveled‐rim liner in combination with the stem neck with an inverted teardrop‐shaped cross‐section could provide the greatest IFSZ (excluding the flat‐rim liner). The optimal orientation of the elevated‐rim liner was the posterior‐inferior side (RI ≤ 37°), posterior‐superior side (RI ≥ 45°), and posterior side (37° ≤ RI ≤ 45°). Our novel algorithm provides a solution to analyze the IFROM of any hip prosthesis with any complex shape. The shape and size of the cross‐section of the stem neck, the orientation of the elevated rim, and the shape and opening angle of the liner are all critical factors for the quantitative calculation of the IFROM and mounting safe zone of the prosthesis. Stem necks with inverted teardrop cross‐section and beveled‐rim liner improved the IFSZ. The optimal direction of the elevated rim is not constant but varies with RI and RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) have potential as substitutes for liquid electrolytes in lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs). Their semi‐solid state also makes GPEs suitable for various applications, including wearables and flexible electronics. Here, we report the initiation of ring‐opening polymerization of 1,3‐dioxolane (DOL) by Lewis acid and the introduction of diluent 1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoroethyl 2,2,3,3‐tetrafluoropropyl ether (TTE) to regulate electrolyte structure for a more stable interface. This diluent‐blended GPE exhibits enhanced electrochemical stability and ion transport properties compared to a blank version without it. FTIR and NMR proved the effectiveness of monomer polymerization and further determined the molecular weight distribution of polymerization by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Experimental and simulation results show that the addition of TTE enhances ion association and tends to distribute on the anode surface to construct a robust and low‐impedance SEI. Thus, the polymer battery achieves 5 C charge‐discharge at room temperature and 200 cycles at low temperature −20 °C. The study presents an effective approach for regulating solvation structures in GPEs, promoting advancements in the future design of GPE‐based LMBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potassium‐ion hybrid capacitors (PIHCs) overcome the limitations of potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) and supercapacitors (SCs) and integrate the advantages of both, including high energy density, high power density, low cost, long cycle life, and stable electrochemical performance. However, the development of PIHCs is hindered by thermodynamic instability and kinetic hysteresis. Additionally, the dynamic mismatch between anode and cathode materials poses an urgent challenge. To this end, many research works related to material development have been dedicated to overcoming the drawbacks. In this review, the energy storage mechanism of PIHCs is briefly introduced. Moreover, the research progress and achievements of anode and cathode materials in recent years are reviewed, including carbon‐based materials, MXenes, transition metal materials, Prussian blue and its analogues. Finally, the challenges and prospects of PIHCs are proposed, together with guiding significant research directions in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium‐metal batteries are regarded as the "Holy Grail" of next‐generation batteries. However, lithium dendrite and anode volume expansion in cycles seriously hinders lithium‐metal battery applications. Herein, we propose a precise and efficient strategy for stabilizing lithium‐metal batteries via a lithiophilic Ag‐modified Cu current host (Li@CuM/Ag). By applying the magnetron sputtering method, the lithiophilic silver layer can be anchored homogeneously on the Cu mesh. The lithiophilic silver layer effectively guides uniform Li deposition in the 3D host and realizes spatial control over Li nucleation. In addition, a dendrite‐free lithium anode is successfully realized, which has been proven by in situ optical dynamic tests and Li deposition simulations. The symmetrical cell can maintain a low overpotential (230 mV) and long cycle life (90 h) at a large current of 10 mA cm−2 for a plating amount of 3 mAh cm−2. Furthermore, Li@CuM/Ag||LiCoO2 cells exhibited a high‐capacity retention rate (86.39%) after 150 cycles at 2 C. Lithiophilic hosts based on magnetron sputtering provide a feasible strategy for applications of lithium‐metal batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium metal batteries are emerging as a strong candidate in the future energy storage market due to its extremely high energy density. However, the uncontrollable lithium dendrites and volume change of lithium metal anodes severely hinder its application. In this work, the porous Cu skeleton modified with Cu6Sn5 layer is prepared via dealloying brass foil following a facile electroless process. The porous Cu skeleton with large specific surface area and high electronic conductivity effectively reduces the local current density. The Cu6Sn5 can react with lithium during the discharge process to form lithiophilic Li7Sn2 in situ to promote Li‐ions transport and reduce the nucleation energy barrier of lithium to guide the uniform lithium deposition. Therefore, more than 300 cycles at 1 mA cm−2 are achieved in the half‐cell with an average Coulombic efficiency of 97.5%. The symmetric cell shows a superior cycle life of more than 1000 h at 1 mA cm−2 with a small average hysteresis voltage of 16 mV. When coupled with LiFePO4 cathode, the full cell also maintains excellent cycling and rate performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rechargeable zinc‐ion batteries with mild aqueous electrolytes are one of the most promising systems for large‐scale energy storage as a result of their inherent safety, low cost, environmental‐friendliness, and acceptable energy density. However, zinc metal anodes always suffer from unwanted dendrite growth, leading to low Coulombic efficiency and poor cycle stability and during the repeated plating/stripping processes, which substantially restrict their further development and application. To solve these critical issues, a lot of research works have been dedicated to overcoming the drawbacks associated with zinc metal anodes. In this overview, the working mechanisms and existing issues of the zinc metal anodes are first briefly outlined. Moreover, we look into the ongoing processes of the different strategies for achieving highly stable and dendrite‐free zinc metal anodes, including crystal engineering, structural engineering, coating engineering, electrolyte engineering, and separator engineering. Finally, some challenges being faced and prospects in this field are provided, together with guiding significant research directions in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Morphine plays an important role in postoperative analgesia after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, there are limited data that investigate the administration ways of morphine. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding morphine to periarticular infiltration analgesia (PIA) combined with single‐dose epidural morphine for the patients undergoing TKA. Methods: In total, 120 patients with knee osteoarthritis who underwent the primary TKA from April 2021 and March 2022 were randomized into three groups (a cocktail containing morphine with single‐dose epidural morphine [Group A]; a cocktail containing morphine [Group B]; and a cocktail free of morphine [Group C]). The three groups were compared based on the Visual Analog Score at rest and during motion, requirement of tramadol, functional recovery including quadriceps strength and range of motion, and adverse events including nausea and vomiting and local and systemic adverse events. The repetitive measure analysis of variance and chi‐square test among three groups were used to analyze the results. Results: Analgesia strategy in Group A (0.4 ± 0.8, and 0.9 ± 1.0 points, respectively) significantly reduced rest pain at 6 and 12 h after surgery relative to Group B (1.6 ± 1.2, and 2.2 ± 1.4 points, respectively) (p < 0.001), and the analgesic effect of Group B was stronger than that of Group C (2.1 ± 0.9, and 2.6 ± 0.9 points, respectively) (p < 0.05). Rest pain at 24 h after surgery was significantly lower in Group A (2.5 ± 0.8 points) and B (1.9 ± 1.0 points) than in Group C (2.5 ± 0.8) (p < 0.05). Within 24 h after surgery, the requirements for tramadol in Group A (0.25 g) and Group B (0.35 g) were significantly lower than those in Group C (0.75 g) (p < 0.05). Within 4 days of surgery, the quadriceps strength in the three groups increased gradually, and no statistical significance was noted among the three groups (p > 0.05). From the second day to the fourth day after surgery, although the three groups showed no statistical difference in the range of motion, the result of Group C was inferior to that of the other two groups. There were no significant differences in the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting and metoclopramide consumption among the three groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: PIA combined with single‐dose epidural morphine effectively reduces early postoperative pain and tramadol requirement as well as few complications, which can become a safe and effective measure to improve postoperative pain after TKA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium–sulfur batteries are recognized as one of the most promising next‐generation energy‐storage technologies owing to their high energy density and low cost. Nevertheless, the shuttle effect of polysulfide intermediates and the formation of lithium dendrites are the principal reasons that restrict the practical adoption of current Li–S batteries. Adjustable frameworks, structural variety, and functional adaptability of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have the potential to overcome the issues associated with Li–S battery technology. Herein, a summary is presented of emerging COF materials in addressing the challenging problems in terms of sulfur hosts, modified separators, artificial solid electrolyte interphase layers, and solid‐state electrolytes. This comprehensive overview focuses on the design and chemistry of COFs used to upgrade Li–S batteries. Furthermore, existing difficulties, prospective remedies, and prospective research directions for COFs for Li–S batteries are discussed, laying the groundwork for future advancements in this class of fascinating materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proton batteries have been considered as an innovative energy storage technology owing to their high safety and cost‐effectiveness. However, the development of fast‐charging proton batteries with high energy/power density is greatly limited by feasible material selection. Here, the pre‐protonated vanadium hexacyanoferrate (H‐VHCF) is developed as a proton cathode material to alleviate the capacity loss of proton‐free electrode materials during electrochemical tests. The pre‐protonation process realizes fast and long‐distance transport of protons by shortening diffusion path and reducing migration barriers. Benefitting from the enhanced hydrogen bonding network combined with dual redox reactions of V and Fe in protonated H‐VHCF cathode, a high energy density of 74 Wh kg−1 at 1.1 kW kg−1, and a maximum power density of 54 kW kg−1 at 65 Wh kg−1 is achieved for the asymmetric proton batteries coupling with MoO3/MXene anode. Proton transport and double oxidation‐reduction center are verified by theoretical calculations and ex situ experimental measurements. Considering the anti‐freezing availability of proton batteries, 82.5% of its initial capacity is maintained after 10000 cycles under −40 °C at 0.5 A g−1. As a proof‐of‐concept, flexible device fabricated by optimized electrodes and hydrogel electrolytes can power up a light‐emitting diode even under a bent state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Response to external stimuli plays a significant role in the environmental adaptation of living matters and intelligent devices. Most stimulus–response systems in nature can respond to appropriate stimuli, and inhibit the response under excessive stimuli, such as excessive heat or water, which can be called overload protection. However, even though various responsive materials have been developed for different stimuli, most of them are not protective against the overload stimuli. In this work, a bilayer actuator based on semicrystalline polyurethane is designed, which can respond differently to proper stimuli and excessive stimuli, i.e., water. This actuator can bend gradually under the proper stimulation of water, but will straighten and even bend reversely with excessive stimulation. The mechanism behind the reversible and adjustable actuator with overload protection is investigated both experimentally and theoretically, and the competition between dynamic factors and thermodynamic stability in the swelling process is considered the main cause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal energy is abundantly available in our daily life and industrial production, and especially, low‐grade heat is often regarded as a byproduct. Collecting and utilizing this ignored energy by low‐cost and simple technologies may become a smart countermeasure to relieve the energy crisis. Here, a unique device has been demonstrated to achieve high value‐added conversion of low‐grade heat by introducing redox‐active organic alizarin (AZ) onto N‐doped hollow carbon nanofibers (N–HCNF) surface. As‐prepared N–HCNF/AZ can deliver a high specific capacitance of 514.3 F g−1 (at 1 A g−1) and an outstanding rate capability of 60.3% even at 50 A g−1. Meanwhile, the assembled symmetric proton capacitor can deliver a high energy density of 28.0 Wh kg−1 at 350.0 W kg−1 and a maximum power density of 35.0 kW kg−1 at 17.0 Wh kg−1. Significantly, the thermally chargeable proton capacitors can attain a surprisingly high Seebeck coefficient of 15.3 mV K–1 and a power factor of 6.02 µW g–1. Taking advantage of such high performance, a satisfying open‐circuit voltage of 481.0 mV with a temperature difference of 54 K is achieved. This research provides new insights into construction of high value‐added energy systems requiring high electrochemical performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquid‐based thermoelectric cells integrate energy harvesting and storage technology, becoming the focus of energy fields. However, the simultaneous implement of high output voltage and heat‐to‐electricity efficiency is still challenging. Herein, we propose a lithium‐ion thermal charging cell using lithium anode and electrospun zinc vanadate@carbon nanofiber cathode. Benefitting from the superior performance of electrode and the significant difference between the size of cation and anion in electrolyte, such system can continuously realize the harvesting and conversion of low‐grade heat into electricity. Consequently, an open‐circuit voltage of about 2.1 V can be generated at a low temperature gradient of 25 K together with an ultrahigh thermopower of 47.9 mV K−1 and a remarkable power density of 9.2 W m−2. Moreover, an impressive Carnot‐related efficiency (5.2 %) can be achieved under same conditions. This work confirms the superiority of organic thermoelectric system and provides a new insight to develop promising thermal charging cell for sustainable applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dual‐band electrochromic smart windows with dynamic and independent control of near‐infrared (NIR) and visible (VIS) light transmittance can notably reduce the carbon footprint of buildings and improve the occupants' visual and thermal comfort. The dual‐band response is often generated by the phase transition of crystalline electrochromic materials. However, the phase‐transition of crystalline materials is kinetically sluggish, resulting in a long response time. Herein, a fast‐switching dual‐band electrochromic smart window based on a single‐component amorphous and porous tungsten oxide (AP‐WO3) cathode without the slow phase‐transition process is demonstrated. The amorphous and porous structure of WO3 not only significantly improves the ion transport, but also provides a large surface area for Li+ adsorption that gives rise to a tunable surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in the NIR range. Consequently, the single‐component AP‐WO3 film can modulate the NIR and VIS light transmittance independently and effectively through three distinct modes with high optical modulation, fast switching speed, high bistability, and good cycling stability. The prototype dual‐band electrochromic device assembled by AP‐WO3 cathode also delivers an impressive dual‐band electrochromic performance with fast‐switching speed (6.4 s for coloration and 7.2 s for bleaching). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Siloxane‐based molecular material, by virtue of its unique chemical structure, thermal and electrochemical properties, has triggered tremendous research interest and sparked a revolution for energy storage in the past years. Siloxanes and their analogues are generally demonstrated to be more environmentally friendly, durable, and safer when employed to reconstruct the nano‐micro surface structure of electrodes, separators, and their interfaces with electrolytes. To better understand the recent and comprehensive achievement of siloxane‐based materials in energy storage, a systematic summary is necessary to provide important clues, aiming at achieving better electrochemical properties. In this Minireview, siloxane materials are presented comprehensively and systematically in terms of molecule design, functionality, and unique superiority for lithium‐ion batteries and supercapacitors. The challenges, perspectives, and future directions of siloxane‐based organosilicon materials are put forward for higher performance and wider application in electrochemical energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anionic redox provides an effective way to overcome the capacity bottleneck of sodium‐ion batteries. A dominant role is played by the arrangement of alkali A and transition metal M in the NaxAyM1‐yO2 superstructure. Here, in situ X‐ray diffraction and ex situ 7Li nuclear magnetic resonance of P2 type Na0.6Li0.2Mn0.8O2 with ribbon‐ordered superstructure illustrate structural changes and explain the evolution of the electrochemical behavior of electrodes comprising this active mass, during cycling. Upon substitution of a small amount of manganese by iron, Na0.67Li0.2Mn0.73Fe0.07O2 is formed with a honeycomb‐ordered superstructure. Experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations elucidate the effect of iron on oxygen redox activity. The iron‐doped material considerably outperforms the undoped Na0.6Li0.2Mn0.8O2 as a cathode material for rechargeable Na‐ion batteries. This research reveals the effect of superstructure transformation on the electrochemical properties and offers a new perspective on element substitution in anionic redox active cathode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the effects of natural seawater (SW) on the properties of alkali‐activated slag/fly ash (AASF) are studied. AASF prepared with deionized water is set as the reference mixture. The results showed that the use of natural SW resulted in a prolonged setting time and lower heat release, but no obvious impact on the flowability of AASF specimens. The long‐term compressive strength became higher when SW was used, whereas the corresponding flexural strength and fractural toughness turned lower. The use of SW induced the formation of new products that were not identified in the reference mixture, such as Cl–hydrocalumite and gypsum. In addition, it is evidenced that the dissolution of fly ash (FA) particles was significantly delayed with the incorporation of SW. All these results were related to the various ions introduced by the natural SW and their interactions with the alkaline activator as well as the precipitation of salts on slag and FA surfaces or in the matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harvesting heat from the low‐grade heat (below 100 °C) into electricity has the signification to enhance the utilization of energy and lower carbon emissions by a simple device. Herein we demonstrate a thermally chargeable ammonium ion capacitor (TAIC) by employing graphene‐polyimide (rGO‐PI) synthesized through polycondensation of 1,4,5,8‐naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride and ethylenediamine as cold electrode, N‐doped hollow carbon nanofibers as hot electrode to directly convert waste heat into electricity. Combining thermodiffusion effect of electrolyte with thermogalvanic effect of a redox couple (−C=O/−C−O−NH4+), as‐assembled TAIC can deliver a high output voltage of 624 mV, power density of 82 μW cm−2 and average Seebeck coefficient of 9.07 mV K−1 at temperature difference of 45 K. Meanwhile, with the introduction of polyacrylamide‐polyacrylic acid‐based gel electrolyte, the assembled flexible device can well serve in various bending states, and the power density can attain a satisfying value of 1.92 μW cm−2. This quasi‐solid‐state TAIC shows great potential as one promising candidate for high value‐added conversion from low‐grade heat into electricity as well as wearable applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, developing matchable cathode materials of Zn ion hybrid capacitor still remains difficult owing to insufficient understanding of the charge storage behavior. However, most previous efforts are devoted to explain the effect of oxygen‐containing groups without paying attention to graphitic structure. Herein, the charge storage capability and electrochemical kinetics of reduce graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets are optimized as a function of their surface properties. Beyond the contribution of oxygen‐containing groups, an extra contribution from the reversible adsorption/desorption of H+ on carbon atom of rGO sheets is confirmed. Electrochemical analysis and density functional theory calculations reveal that H+ induces disruption of π cloud in aromatic domain, accompanied by C sp2‐sp3 re‐hybridization and the distortion/restoration of graphitic structure. The optimal electrochemical performance with a specific capacitance of 245 F g‐1 at 0.5 A g‐1 with 53% retention at 20 A g‐1 is achieved for rGO thermally treated at 200 °C. As a proof‐of‐concept application, the 3D printed rGO electrode delivers a high areal capacitance of 1011 mF cm‐2 and an energy density of 266 μWh cm‐2. The study is believed to broaden the horizons of proton adsorption chemistry and shed light on the design of novel electrode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium metal anode matching solid electrolyte is an effective way to achieve high safety and high specific energy batteries, while the active interface of lithium metal has become a bottleneck problem that limits its application. Here, the challenges by forming an artificial solid electrolyte interphase (F‐, B‐containing) on lithium metal surface are surmounted. It demonstrates an extended cycling life over 2000 h of continuous plating/stripping at a high current density of 1.5 mA cm−2. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra prove the effectiveness of anion receptors for decoupling Li+‐F−. The distribution and morphological features of the LiF/B artificial hybrid interphase can be observed from energy‐dispersive spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Specifically, the treated metal lithium anode is also stable in the quasi‐solid‐state pouch cell (polyvinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoro propylene‐LLZTO) system, which can make the rotor of the small aircraft rotate quickly and stably for 9.2 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrile‐based electrolytes with high‐voltage have emerged as attractive candidates for high energy intensive lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs). But they are still hampered by the inherent instability of reductive lithium anodes. Herein, we propose a fully methylated pivalonitrile (PN) as a stable electrolyte solvent for LMBs. This nitrile‐based electrolyte achieves a wide electrochemical window and desired compatibility towards LMB, the assembled Li||Li symmetric cells can achieve satisfying electrochemical performance with low overpotential and high durability (500 h). The uniform and dense Li deposition investigated by operando monitoring during the Li metal plating process reveals the high Coulombic efficiency (CE) and long‐term durability. Furthermore, the full cell coupled with LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 using this optimized electrolyte displays enhanced capacity retention (75.3 % after 300 cycles at 1 C) together with better stability and less CO2 gas production. This study provides new insights in the development of high safety electrolytes and promotes the practical application of high‐voltage lithium‐metal batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2D ternary transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have been studied widely by researchers from the fields of nanotechnology to materials science because of the extraordinary chemical/physical characteristics, and significant potential in nanoscale device applications. Here, the application of NbxRe(1−x)S2 nanosheets in ultrafast photonics is studied. The few‐layer NbxRe(1−x)S2 nanosheets are fabricated through liquid phase exfoliation method and a NbxRe(1−x)S2‐microfiber device is constructed by depositing these nanosheets onto the tapered region of a microfiber. After incorporating the NbxRe(1−x)S2‐microfiber saturable absorber (SA) into a net positive dispersion Er‐doped fiber (EDF) laser cavity, the generation of stable dissipative soliton pulses with a pulse duration of 1.03 ps proved as polarization‐locked vector solitons upon further study. With pump power growing to 900 mW, the average output power increases to 116.9 mW without pulse splitting. Besides, the pulse width can be compressed to 149.6 fs outside the cavity by using a single‐mode fiber. Compared with previous works based on 2D materials‐based saturable absorbers, the NbxRe(1−x)S2‐based mode‐locked fiber laser proposed herein, reveals superior comprehensive performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical proton storage provides high energy, fast kinetics, safety, and environmental friendliness for grid‐scale energy storage. However, the development of pseudocapacitive proton supercapacitors with fast chargeability and high stability is still challenging because of the unclear electrochemical reaction mechanism and unsuitable construction strategy. Here it is shown that a multi‐metallic Prussian blue analog—Cu0.82Co0.18HCF, which possesses enhanced electronic structure and ion transport path—can intercalate/de‐intercalate large amounts of proton at high rates. Ion‐induced transformation of magnetism, fast solid‐state proton transport, and reversible insertion/de‐insertion of protons lead to extremely excellent rate capacities and cycling stability for proton storage. An asymmetric pseudocapacitive proton supercapacitor (Cu0.82Co0.18HCF//WO3·nH2O) is fabricated with a voltage window of 1.7 V, delivering a maximum energy density of 35 Wh kg−1 and an energy density of 22 Wh kg−1 at a high power density of 26 kW kg−1. Combining systematical material design and mechanism study, this work not only broadens the preparation of electrode materials but also brings light to the construction of high‐performance devices for efficient proton storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite high specific capacity (3860 mAh g−1), the utilization of Li‐metal anodes in rechargeable batteries are still hampered due to their insufficient cyclability. Herein, we report an anion‐receptor‐mediated carbonate electrolyte with improved performance and can ameliorate the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) composition comparing to the blank electrolyte. It demonstrates a high average Coulombic efficiency (97.94 %) over 500 cycles in the Li/Cu cell at a capacity of 1 mAh cm−2. Raman spectrum and molecular modelling further clarify the screening effects of the anion receptor on the Li+‐PF6− ion coupling that results in the enhanced ion dynamics. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) distinguishes the disparities in the SEI components of the developed electrolyte and the blank one, which is rationalized by the molecular insights of the Li‐metal/electrolyte interface. Thus, we prepare a 2.5 Ah prototype pouch cell, exhibiting a high energy density (357 Wh kg−1) with 90.90 % capacity retention over 50 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrolyte has been considered as a key factor toward higher energy density for Li‐ion and Li‐metal batteries. However, conventional electrolytes suffer from uncontrolled interfacial reactions and irreversible decomposition causing performance deterioration and potential safety hazard. Organosilicon compounds have attracted great interest as promising electrolyte components due to facile chemical modifications, low glass transition temperatures (Tg), superior chemical, and thermal stabilities. Considerable investigation efforts have been devoted to developing better overall performance of organosilicon‐based electrolytes in the past few years. Herein, the recent research progress of organosilicon‐based functional electrolytes for the development of liquid, gel, and solid state electrolytes in Li‐ion and Li‐metal batteries is summarized. Attention is devoted to various types of organosilicon such as silane, siloxane, polysiloxane, and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes in terms of molecular design, ionic conductivity, functions shown in batteries, thermal, chemical, electrochemical stability, safety, etc. The feasible strategies are also discussed that may promote the comprehensive electrochemical performances of organosilicon‐based electrolytes in different types of electrolytes and batteries. Finally, the challenges facing organosilicon‐based electrolytes and proposed their possible solutions are presented alongside promising development directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional machine tool reliability modeling methods take static parts as the research object, ignoring the characteristic that the function and performance of computer numerical control (CNC) machine tool are ultimately driven by its most basic actions, and the traditional reliability modeling methods do not fully consider the randomness of machine tool failure. In view of this, this paper gave an improved four‐parameter nonhomogeneous Poisson process reliability modeling method based on meta‐action (MA), and a comprehensive method of system reliability was presented. A CNC machine tool made in China was taken as an example, and the reliability model of MA and the whole machine were built by the proposed method. The proposed method was compared with other methods by Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion, and the method proposed in this paper was proved to be better. The reliability indexes of the system were simulated, and then the general trend of system reliability indexes was obtained by least squares support vector machines. The results verify the applicability and validity of this method, and lay a foundation for further research on the machine tool reliability based on metamotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residual lithium on the surface and the resulting side reactions for high‐energy‐density Ni‐rich layered oxide cathodes principally impede their industrial application and trigger safety concerns. Herein, the successful construction of LiBO2−B2O3 co‐modified single‐crystal LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (SC‐NCM) as a lithium‐ion battery (LIB) cathode is reported. Boric acid reacts with the surface residual lithium species to form such uniform coating on the SC‐NCM particles, which presents advanced rate and cycling capabilities. As the cathode materials for LIBs, LiBO2−B2O3 co‐modified SC‐NCM delivers a 141.9 mAh g−1 discharge specific capacity at 5 C between 3.0 and 4.5 V versus Li+/Li with 61.4 % capacity retention after 500 cycles, superior to the 20.8 % retention for the pristine SC‐NCM cathode. Besides, the LiBO2‐B2O3 protective layer substantially inhibits the unexpected phase transformation, effectively alleviates the mechanical microcracks, and stabilizes the cathode‐electrolyte interface, even at an extended operational potential window. The proposed microstructure‐modified SC‐NCM cathode provides an affordable and feasible design strategy for Ni‐rich SC‐NCM cathodes towards stable electrochemical performance and prolonged service life at high potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Little is known about emergency hospitalizations owing to adverse drug events (ADEs) in Chinese populations. The aim of this study was to identify the types and characteristics of ADEs as well as estimate the length of hospital stay and ADE‐related costs in a hospital emergency setting in China. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the emergency department of our hospital from April 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019. ADEs of patients admitted to the emergency department were collected by a clinical pharmacist during daily pharmacy rounds. Results: Of 4020 cases admitted to the emergency department, 198 emergency ADE‐related hospitalizations (4.93%) were noted, which were classified into certain (n = 0, 0%), probable (n = 122, 61.6%), and possible (n = 76, 38.4%). The ADE was serious in 93.9% of the 198 cases. Ten cases were fatal, and two cases were life‐threatening. More than 80% of the emergency ADE‐related hospitalization cases were of patients over 60 years. The pharmacological agents implicated in the hospitalizations were oral antiplatelet agents (20.7%), oral hypoglycemic agents (16.7%), insulin (11.1%), and antihypertensive agents (9.1%). The average length of ADE‐related hospital stay was 10 (7.0–14.0) days. ADE‐related costs ranged from $1684.68 to $4531.35 for each hospitalization. The length of ADE‐related hospital stay and associated costs were statistically significant. Most ADEs (n = 146, 73.7%) were preventable. Conclusions: Most emergency ADE‐related hospitalizations in older adults resulted from lack of medication monitoring or inappropriate medication. Improved management of medicines by clinical pharmacists has the potential to reduce ADE‐related hospitalizations in older adults in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hierarchical porous carbon that possesses large surface area and high porosity has become an important electrode material for supercapacitors. However, some unavoidable issues like complex approach and environmental pollution involved in traditional chemical activation restrict the sustainable development of carbons. Herein, a green, low‐cost, and safe urea‐zinc chloride deep eutectic solvent (DES) is proposed to prepare polyacrylonitrile derived three‐dimensional carbon nanosphere (D‐PC). Specially, the D‐PC efficiently accelerates electrolyte ions migration and enhances charge storage due to its interconnected ionic pathways and large accessible active surfaces. When employing the D‐PC as positive electrode of zinc‐ion hybrid supercapacitors, a high specific capacitance of 261.5 F g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 along with a cycling stability of 91.3 % after 10000 cycles at 5 A g−1. Meanwhile, such device holds the maximum energy/power density of 93.9 Wh kg−1/16.7 kW kg−1 at 0.2 A g−1/20 A g−1, respectively. Thanks to the unique physicochemical properties of as‐obtained D‐PC, an ultrahigh areal capacitance of 2.2 F cm−2 also can be achieved at a mass loading of 23 mg cm−2. The satisfying structure and performance highlight the potential of DESs in the design of functional carbons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The serious limitations of MnO2 are poor electrical conductivity and low utilization rate of electrochemical active area. These problems have seriously limited the application of MnO2 aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs). Herein, preparing MnO2 uniformly loaded on carbon nanotubes with good electrical conductivity can greatly improve the poor electrical conductivity of MnO2. Moreover, by introducing oxygen vacancy, the surface capacitance, the reaction kinetics, and the electrochemical performance of MnO2 is increased. The specific capacity of the Vo‐MnO2/CNT material is 314 mAh g−1, at 0.2 A g−1, and capacity retention of 81% is achieved after 1000 cycles. In particular, the prepared device presents a distinct energy density of 416.2 Wh kg−1. As a result, the capacity as well as the cycle stability is effectively improved compared with the original MnO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials, especially ones with excellent shielding effectiveness (SE), high optical transmittance, long‐term stability as well as high uniformity, are urgently desired to meet the requirements of many applications. Herein, an extremely transparent, stable and uniform silver nanowire (Ag NW)–poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) composite film as an EMI shielding material is prepared, which possess excellent shielding capability to both small signal and high power microwaves (HPM). The composite film exhibits SE of 30.5 dB in the frequency range of 1–12 GHz (small signal) and simultaneously has an optical transmittance of 91.0%. The SE continuously increases to 41.4 dB, while the optical transmittance still maintains at 81.1%. The composite film is very uniform, and its SE is almost unchanged even when exposed in air for a year. The SE of this composite film under the excitation of HPM is also thoroughly investigated. The HPM SE is much larger than that of small signal. As the power density of HPM is increased, the SE firstly remains unchanged, then continuously increases, and finally saturates. The SE exceeds 50 dB with the excitation power density of 40 W. More interestingly, the SE is saturated at a fixed HPM power density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have been regarded as one of the most promising aqueous energy storage devices due to their low‐cost, high capacity, and intrinsic safety. However, the relatively low Coulombic efficiency caused by the dendrite formation and side reactions greatly hinders the rejuvenation of ZIBs. Here, an utterly simple approach by pencil drawing is employed to improve the poor performance of normal Zn anode and hinders the formation of passivated byproduct as well as serious dendrite growth. Significantly, the functional graphite layer can not only act as ions buffer, but also guide the uniform nucleation of Zn2+ in graphite voids. With such synergy effect, the graphite‐coated Zn anode (Zn–G) displays low overpotential, high reversibility, and dendrite‐free durability compared with the pristine Zn. Consequently, a low voltage hysteresis of ≈28 mV can be achieved and maintained over 200 h. Furthermore, the Zn–G anode is paired with a V2O5·xH2O cathode to construct a rechargeable ZIB. As‐assembled device can output high energy/power density of 324.3 Wh kg−1/3269.8 W kg−1 (based on the active mass loading in cathode) together with a capacity retention of ≈84% over 1500 cycles at a current density of 5 A g−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are membrane encapsulated nanoparticles that can function in intercellular communication, and their presence in biofluids can be indicative for (patho)physiological conditions. Studies aiming to resolve functionalities of EV or to discover EV-associated biomarkers for disease in liquid biopsies are hampered by limitations of current protocols to isolate EV from biofluids or cell culture medium. EV isolation is complicated by the >105-fold numerical excess of other types of particles, including lipoproteins and protein complexes. In addition to persisting contaminants, currently available EV isolation methods may suffer from inefficient EV recovery, bias for EV subtypes, interference with the integrity of EV membranes, and loss of EV functionality. In this study, we established a novel three-step non-selective method to isolate EV from blood or cell culture media with both high yield and purity, resulting in 71% recovery and near to complete elimination of unrelated (lipo)proteins. This EV isolation procedure is independent of ill-defined commercial kits, and apart from an ultracentrifuge, does not require specialised expensive equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the insertion anode materials are approaching their specific capacity limitations. TiNb24O62, combining the merits of high theoretical capacity, large working potential and excellent safety, is a promising candidate for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, its poor intrinsic conductivity and relatively sluggish reaction kinetics hinder its wide applications. Herein, we encapsulate the oxygen‐deficient TiNb24O62 microspheres by highly conductive N‐doped carbon nanolayer (DTNO@NC), where TiNb24O62 is purposely made to exhibit oxygen deficiency, by aerosol spray followed by co‐carbonization of the electronically coupled polydopamine (PDA) coating layer. The oxygen‐deficient engineering for TiNb24O62 improves the intrinsic conductivity and active sites, while the PDA derived N‐doped carbon coating layer not only stabilizes the interface between the electrode and electrolyte, but also further enhances the overall conductivity. As a result, the as‐fabricated DTNO@NC electrode delivers excellent Li+ ion storage capacity (270 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1) and superior cycling lifespan (capacity retention of 90 % after 1000 cycles). This work demonstrates the effectiveness of integrating an oxygen‐deficient structure of intercalation‐type anode material with a carbon encapsulating nanolayer in enabling the overall energy storage performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Major efforts are made to characterize the presence of microRNA (miRNA) and messenger RNA in blood plasma to discover novel disease-associated biomarkers. MiRNAs in plasma are associated to several types of macromolecular structures, including extracellular vesicles (EV), lipoprotein particles (LPP) and ribonucleoprotein particles (RNP). RNAs in these complexes are recovered at variable efficiency by commonly used EV- and RNA isolation methods, which causes biases and inconsistencies in miRNA quantitation. Besides miRNAs, various other non-coding RNA species are contained in EV and present within the pool of plasma extracellular RNA. Members of the Y-RNA family have been detected in EV from various cell types and are among the most abundant non-coding RNA types in plasma. We previously showed that shuttling of full-length Y-RNA into EV released by immune cells is modulated by microbial stimulation. This indicated that Y-RNAs could contribute to the functional properties of EV in immune cell communication and that EV-associated Y-RNAs could have biomarker potential in immune-related diseases. Here, we investigated which macromolecular structures in plasma contain full length Y-RNA and whether the levels of three Y-RNA subtypes in plasma (Y1, Y3 and Y4) change during systemic inflammation. Our data indicate that the majority of full length Y-RNA in plasma is stably associated to EV. Moreover, we discovered that EV from different blood-related cell types contain cell-type-specific Y-RNA subtype ratios. Using a human model for systemic inflammation, we show that the neutrophil-specific Y4/Y3 ratios and PBMC-specific Y3/Y1 ratios were significantly altered after induction of inflammation. The plasma Y-RNA ratios strongly correlated with the number and type of immune cells during systemic inflammation. Cell-type-specific "Y-RNA signatures" in plasma EV can be determined without prior enrichment for EV, and may be further explored as simple and fast test for diagnosis of inflammatory responses or other immune-related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel‐rich cathode materials have been regarded as the most promising candidates for lithium‐ion batteries because of their superior specific capacity and cost‐effectiveness. However, the rapid capacity fade under high current density and serious side reactions during long‐term cycling hinder its wide application. In this study, piezoelectric BaTiO3 nanodots are employed as a functional coating layer on the LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode material to balance the relationship between structure and performance. A three‐phase interface model is proposed including the LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode material, uniform piezoelectric BaTiO3 nanodots, and the electrolyte. The coating layer plays a key role in the rapid diffusion of lithium‐ions as well as stabilizing the bulk structure of the cathode materials. Furthermore, the possible by‐products generated during the electrochemical cycling that can be alleviated by the modification of BaTiO3 are detected by using differential electrochemical mass spectrometry. As expected, our strategy efficiently improves the structural stability and holds a high‐rate performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous materials are widely studied for water purification and treatment as they can function as efficient adsorbents for harmful chemical wastes with their high specific surface areas. Among various types of porous materials, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising adsorbents for organic pollutants although the general powder form of MOFs largely limits their recyclability in practical applications. Herein, highly crystalline MOF particles are incorporated into agarose (AG) to fabricate highly recyclable MOF aerogels. Along with greatly improved recyclability, these MOF aerogels also achieve eco‐friendliness and cost‐effectiveness because AG is highly abundant in nature and can be easily modified. Typically, MOF aerogels are synthesized by uniformly dispersing MOF particles into the AG solution. The resulting MOF aerogels show significantly improved efficiency for dye adsorption. It is believed that this fabrication method for the preparation of MOF aerogels is highly versatile and it can be extended to other types of MOFs for different applications including environmental remediation, energy storage and conversion, and sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium‐ion capacitors (SICs), designed to attain high energy density, rapid energy delivery, and long lifespan, have attracted much attention because of their comparable performance to lithium‐ion capacitors (LICs), alongside abundant sodium resources. Conventional SIC design is based on battery‐like anodes and capacitive cathodes, in which the battery‐like anode materials involve various reactions, such as insertion, alloying, and conversion reactions, and the capacitive cathode materials usually depend on activated carbon (AC). However, researchers have attempted to construct SICs based on battery‐like cathodes and capacitive anodes or a combination of both in recent years. In this Minireview, charge storage mechanisms and material design strategies for SICs are summarized, with a focus on the battery‐like anode materials from both inorganic and organic sources. Additionally, the challenges in the fabrication of SICs and future research directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wearable electronic devices are the new darling of consumer electronics, and energy storage devices are an important part of them. Here, a wearable lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) bracelet battery using three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology (additive manufacturing) is designed and manufactured for the first time. The bracelet battery can be easily worn to power the wearable device. The "additive" manufacturing characteristic of 3D printing provides excellent controllability of the electrode thickness with much simplified process in a cost‐effective manner. Due to the conductive 3D skeleton providing interpenetrating transmission paths and channels for electrons and ions, the 3D Li‐S battery can provide 505.4 mAh g−1 specific capacity after 500 cycles with an active material loading as high as 10.2 mg cm−1. The practicality is illustrated by wearing the bracelet battery on the wrist and illuminating the red light‐emitting diode. Therefore, the bracelet battery manufactured by 3D printing technology can address the needs of the wearable power supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current decomposition methods are not suitable for electromechanical product; the smallest decomposition units obtained by these methods are static parts or components, which cannot reflect the characteristics of electromechanical product that 'action determines motion, and motion determines function'. Meta‐action is the smallest action to realize the function of electromechanical product, and it is reasonable to regard meta‐action as the smallest decomposition unit of electromechanical product. Meta‐action unit is the smallest structural unit to ensure the normal operation of meta‐action, and it is also the smallest carrier of electromechanical product quality characteristics. Meta‐action unit modeling technology is the basis of other subsequent research, so it is necessary to study it. In this paper, detailed criteria for meta‐action decomposition and meta‐action unit separation are formulated, and the standardized structural model, symbolized conceptual model, and assembly model of meta‐action unit are also studied, which provide a basis for mechanical, kinematic, and failure mechanism research of electromechanical product. A CNC (computer numerical control) machine tool made in China is taken as an example for meta‐motion decomposition and meta‐action unit modeling, and the results verify the applicability and correctness of the method proposed in this paper. The proposed method is also applicable to other types of electromechanical product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are considered as one of the next‐generation green electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices. However, obtaining both high capacity and long‐term cyclability is still the bottleneck of organic electrode materials for LIBs because of weak structural and chemical stability and low conductivity. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) show potential to overcome these problems owing to its good stability and high capacity. Herein, the synthesis and characterization of two π‐conjugated COFs, derived from the Schiff‐base reaction of 2,4,6‐triaminopyrimidne (TM) respectively with 1,4‐phthalaldehyde (PA) and 1,3,5‐triformylbenzene (TB) by a mechanochemical process are presented. As anode materials for LIBs, the COFs exhibit favorable electrochemical performance with the highest reversible discharge capacities of up to 401.3 and 379.1 mAh g−1 at a high current density (1 A g−1), respectively, and excellent long‐term cyclability with 74.8 and 72.7 % capacity retention after 2000 cycles compared to the initial discharge capacities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The further development of conducting polymers (CPs) as electrode materials is restricted by the limited doping level, solely ionic reaction as well as the insufficient reversibility and stability. In order to overcome the deficiency of intrinsic properties, a combined strategy is adopted to modify a p‐type CP (polythiophene, PTh) through grafting a radical pendant (2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyl‐1‐oxyl, TEMPO) and incorporating a redox‐active dopant (Fe(CN)63−) into the π‐conjugated backbone of PTh. TEMPO group works as the electron donor allowing anionic incorporation (PF6−, ClO4−) and Fe(CN)63− doping in the conducting matrixes of PTh combines with cations (Li+) to deliver extra capacity, leading to the final composite shows a successive cationic and anionic (de)‐intercalation behavior. This dual‐ion transportation mechanism of Fe(CN)63− doped P(Th‐TEMPO) facilitates the enhanced electrochemical performance, including two significant voltage plateaus (3.6 V and 2.9 V), a reversible capacity from 76 mAh g−1 to 135 mAh g−1 at an ultra‐high coulombic efficiency (more than 99 %), which result in a high energy density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]