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The aim of this study was to investigate the value of serum macrophage inhibitory factor‐1 (MIC‐1) level in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Serum samples from 296 patients with NSCLC and 240 healthy controls were collected. The levels of serum MIC‐1 were determined by ELISA. The serum MIC‐1 levels in NSCLC patients were higher than that of the controls (P <.001). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that serum MIC‐1 was an independent prognostic indicator of OS and PFS. Serum MIC‐1 is a valuable biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pleiotrophin (PTN) is involved in tumour progression, angiogenesis and metastasis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression level of PTN in the serum of patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and to explore the clinical significance of PTN. Serum samples from 128 patients with SCLC, 120 healthy volunteers (HV) and 60 patients with benign lung disease (BLD) were collected. The levels of serum PTN were determined with ELISA and its correlation with the clinical data was examined. The serum PTN levels in SCLC patients were significantly higher than that in BLD patients (P < 0.05) or HV (P < 0.05). With a cutoff value of 258.18 ng/mL, the sensitivity and specificity of PTN to SCLC patients and BLD patients, SCLC patients and HV were 79.2% and 91.7%, 86.7% and 95.8% respectively. An area under the curve for all stages of SCLC resulting from PTN, which was significantly better than the other tumour markers tested including progastrin‐releasing peptide and neuron‐specific enolase. High serum PTN levels appear to correlate with poor survival in patients with SCLC. These results suggest that PTN levels in the serum could be a new effective biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of SCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Jiangsu Province, China, is highly developed economically and culturally, and has a high prevalence of lung cancer. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic procedures, genetic aberration analysis status, and first‐line treatment models of lung cancer in Jiangsu Province. Methods: Lung cancer patients diagnosed in 2016 at 22 tertiary care hospitals were evaluated. Demographic characteristics, tumor histology, staging, family history of lung cancer, auxiliary examinations, genetic testing, and first‐line treatment were collected on discharge. Diagnostic and treatment data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 928 patients were enrolled. Chest computed tomography was the most frequently used diagnostic method; pathology diagnosis was carried out by transbronchial lung biopsy and transthoracic needle aspiration. Stage T1‐2N0M0 small‐cell lung cancer patients experienced surgical resection, and others received cisplatin and etoposide chemotherapy. Stage I and stage II non‐small cell lung cancer patients experienced surgical resection; stage III and stage IV patients received cisplatin and pemetrexed chemotherapy as first‐line treatment. Detection of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations occurred in 29.9% of non‐selective, 36.5% of locally advanced or metastatic, and 42.1% of advanced non‐squamous non‐small cell lung cancer. The overall EGFR‐positive rates were 49.0%, 52.5%, and 53.9%. A total 72.0% of patients with EGFR mutations were treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Conclusion: Chest computed tomography was the most commonly performed diagnostic method for lung cancer. First‐line treatment was primarily determined by disease stages and EGFR mutation status, with few expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of pleural effusion levels of soluble receptor‐binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells (sRCAS1) in lung cancer patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE). Methods: Pleural effusion samples were collected from 78 patients with MPE, and from 48 patients with benign pleural effusion (BPE). Pleural effusion sRCAS1 concentrations were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results: MPE has significantly higher sRCAS1 levels than that of BPE (P < .01). With a cutoff value of 18.7 U/mL, sRCAS1 showed a good diagnostic performance for MPE. Univariate and multivariate analysis indicated that elevated sRCAS1 levels were an independent predictor of overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS). Kaplan–Meier survival curves further confirmed that patients with high sRCAS1 have shorter DFS and OS (P = .026 and P = .032, respectively). Conclusion: In conclusion, measurement of sRCAS1 might be a useful diagnostic and prognostic marker for MPE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Glycaemic control is a great challenge in the management of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). There is limited data concerning glycaemic control among adults with T1DM. We used data from the Guangdong T1DM Translational Medicine Study to evaluate glycaemic control and its associated factors in Chinese adults with T1DM.Methods: This cross-sectional analysis included 827 participants who were 18 years of age or older and had been living with T1DM for at least 1 year. Participants with HbA1c levels <7% were compared against those with HbA1c levels ≥ 7%. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to examine factors associated with glycaemic control.Results: Among the 827 participants, the mean age was 34.2 ± 12.1 years and the median (interquartile range) duration of diabetes was 6.1 (3.4, 10.4) years. The median HbA1c level was 8.5% (7.5%, 10.2%). Only one-fifth of participants had HbA1c levels <7%. Insufficient glycaemic control (HbA1c  ≥ 7%) was strongly associated with infrequent self-monitoring of blood glucose (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.14 ~ 1.29, p = 0.000), high insulin dose (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.07 ~ 1.52, p = 0.006), smoking (OR = 3.11, 95% CI 1.44 ~ 6.72, p = 0.004), low-frequency clinical visits (OR = 2.74, 95% CI 1.47 ~ 5.10, p = 0.001), the presence of diabetic autoantibodies (OR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.07 ~ 2.48, p = 0.022) and low fasting C-peptide (FCP) levels (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.01 ~ 1.46, p = 0.049) after adjustment for age at disease onset, education level, household income and diet control.Conclusions: Most adult patients with T1DM did not achieve the HbA1c target. Identifying determinants for glycaemic control provides us valuable information to improve glycaemic control in these patients. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate c-Myc and β-catenin-mediated drug resistance in A549/ DDP lung adenocarcinoma cells. Cisplatin sensitivity was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide ( MTT) toxicity assay. β-Catenin and c-Myc protein expression following cisplatin treatment were determined using western blotting and immunofluorescence. Flow cytometry was performed to detect cell cycle and apoptosis in A549, A549/ DDP, and c-Myc small interfering RNA (si RNA)-transfected A549/ DDP cells before and after treatment with different doses of cisplatin. The median inhibitory concentration ( IC50) in cisplatin-treated A549 and A549/ DDP cells was 5.769 ± 0.24 μmol/L and 28.373 ± 0.96 μmol/L, respectively; the cisplatin resistance of A549 cells was about five times that of A549/ DDP cells. Endogenous β-catenin and c-Myc expression in A549/ DDP cells were higher than that in A549 cells, and were upregulated in A549/ DDP cells ( p < 0.05) and downregulated in A549 cells after 48 h cisplatin treatment ( p < 0.05). β-catenin localization transferred from membrane/cytoplasmic/nuclear to cytoplasmic/nuclear, and c-Myc localization transferred from cytoplasmic/nuclear to nuclear in both cell lines following cisplatin treatment. The rate of apoptosis increased in a dose-dependent manner with cisplatin. After 48-h transfection with c-myc si RNA, A549/ DDP cells were blocked in the S phase, and G0/G1-phase cells increased. Simultaneously, the apoptotic rate was increased ( p < 0.05) and the IC50 decreased significantly ( p < 0.05). C-myc, the downstream target gene of β-catenin, plays an important role in regulating cisplatin resistance in A549/ DDP cells. C-Myc si RNA improved the sensitivity of A549/ DDP cells to cisplatin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic significance of the liquid-based cytologic test ( LCT) and conventional smear ( CS) in bronchial lavage fluid ( BLF) in lung cancer patients, as well as the evaluation of LCT applications in BLF for different types of lung cancer. A total of 210 patients were divided into two groups of LCT and CS. The positive rates of the two groups were compared by stratified analysis of different bronchoscopic appearances. The positive rate of LCT and CS groups was 35.84% and 11.835%, respectively, which indicated a statistical significance between the two groups ( P < 0.001). Furthermore, the detection rate of squamous carcinoma in the LCT group was (72.7%), which was higher than that of the CS group (41.7%) ( P = 0.041). However, there was no difference between the biopsy and biopsy combined with LCT groups ( P = 0.417), in terms of direct bronchoscopic appearance. We concluded that LCT was superior to CS in BLF that was acquired by bronchoscopy from lung cancer patients. Moreover, LCT was better than CS in diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma. LCT could be used as an important complement of bronchoscope biopsy and could have the potential to be widely applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]