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Chemical contaminants in food generally include natural toxins (mycotoxins, animal toxins, and phytotoxins), pesticides, veterinary drugs, environmental pollutants, heavy metals, and illegal additives. Developing a low‐cost, simple, and rapid detection technology for harmful substances in food is urgently needed. Analytical methods based on different advanced materials have been developed into rapid detection methods for food samples. In particular, photonic crystal (PC) materials have a unique surface periodic structure, structural color, a large surface area, easy integration with photoelectronic and magnetic devices which have great advantages in the development of rapid, low‐cost, and highly sensitive analytical methods. This review focuses on the PC materials in the view of their fabrication processes, functionalized recognition components for the specific recognition of hazardous substances, and applications in the separation, enrichment, and detection of chemical hazards in real samples. Suspension array based on three‐dimensional PC microspheres by droplet‐based microfluidic assembly is a great promising and powerful platform for food safety detection fields. For the PCs selective analysis, biological antibodies, aptamers, and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) could be modified for specific recognition of target substances, particularly MIPs because of their low‐cost and easy mass production. Based on these functional PCs, various toxic and hazardous substances can be selectively enriched or recognized in real samples and further quantified in combination of liquid chromatography method or optical detection methods including fluorescence, chemiluminescence, and Raman spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The salience network (SN) is mainly involved in detecting and filtering multimodal salient stimuli, and mediating the switch between the default mode network and central executive network. Early studies have indicated a right‐sided dominance in the functional organization of the SN; however, the anatomical basis of the functional lateralization remains unclear. Here, we hypothesized that the structural connectivity profile between the frontoinsular cortex (FIC) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), which are two core hubs of the SN, is also dominant in the right hemisphere. Based on diffusion and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rfMRI) of adult healthy volunteers in independent datasets, we found a stable right‐sided laterality of both the FIC‐dACC structural and functional connectivity in both the human connectome project cohort and a local Chinese cohort. Furthermore, a significant effect of aging on the integrity of the right FIC‐dACC structural connectivity was also identified. The right‐sided laterality of the structural organization of the SN may help us to better understand the functional roles of the SN in the normal human brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 1 × 4 low-loss frequency scanning planar array with hybrid feeding structure in Ku-band has been designed. In order to improve the array efficiency, the planar array was designed by four parallel sub-arrays and the waveguide slow-wave line structure with electromagnetic coupled slot on narrow side was used as feed line. The results of simulation show that, except at the centre frequency, the voltage standing wave ratio of the antenna array is below 1.2 at the operation band, the range of the scanning angles is (−30.5°, 29°), the beam width of the antenna is about 5.5°–6.6°, the sidelobe is below −20 dB, and the gain is more than 30 dBi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECT) is the most common childhood idiopathic focal epilepsy syndrome, which characterized with white‐matter abnormalities in the rolandic cortex. Although diffusion tensor imaging research could characterize white‐matter structural architecture, it cannot detect neural activity or white‐matter functions. Recent studies demonstrated the functional organization of white‐matter by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), suggesting that it is feasible to investigate white‐matter dysfunctions in BECT. Resting‐state fMRI data were collected from 24 new‐onset drug‐naive (unmedicated [NMED]), 21 medicated (MED) BECT patients, and 27 healthy controls (HC). Several white‐matter functional networks were obtained using a clustering analysis on voxel‐by‐voxel correlation profiles. Subsequently, conventional functional connectivity (FC) was calculated in four frequency sub‐bands (Slow‐5:0.01–0.027, Slow‐4:0.027–0.073, Slow‐3:0.073–0.198, and Slow‐2:0.198–0.25 Hz). We also employed a functional covariance connectivity (FCC) to estimate the covariant relationship between two white‐matter networks based on their correlations with multiple gray‐matter regions. Compared with HC, the NMED showed increased FC and/or FCC in rolandic network (RN) and precentral/postcentral network, and decreased FC and/or FCC in dorsal frontal network, while these alterations were not observed in the MED group. Moreover, the changes exhibited frequency‐specific properties. Specifically, only two alterations were shared in at least two frequency bands. Most of these alterations were observed in the frequency bands of Slow‐3 and Slow‐4. This study provided further support on the existence of white‐matter functional networks which exhibited frequency‐specific properties, and extended abnormalities of rolandic area from the perspective of white‐matter dysfunction in BECT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]