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The development of ceramics with superior energy storage performance and transparency holds the potential to broaden their applications in various fields, including optoelectronics, energy storage devices, and transparent displays. However, designing a material that can achieve high energy density under low electric fields remains a challenge. In this work, (1−x)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3−xBaZr0.3Ti0.7O3:0.6mol%Er3+ (abbreviated as (1−x)BNT−xBZT:0.6%Er3+) ferroelectric translucent ceramics were prepared by the conventional solid‐state reaction method. The energy storage properties of (1−x)BNT−xBZT:0.6%Er3+ are systematically investigated under low electric fields by modulating the coupling between coexisting phase structures of polar nano regions. Especially, 0.9BNT–0.1BZT:0.6%Er3+ ceramic exhibits an ultra‐high maximum polarization (Pmax = 66.3 µC/cm2), large recoverable energy storage density (Wrec = 2.95 J/cm3), total energy storage density (W = 5.75 J/cm3), and energy storage efficiency (η = 51.3%) under 190 kV/cm. The sample also exhibits excellent thermal stability (30‐150°C) and transmittance (∼28%). This work could facilitate the advancement of energy storage systems that are more efficient and cost‐effective, and also provide opportunities for the design and manufacture of novel devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cycling stability of O3‐type NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 (NFM) as a commercial cathode material for sodium ion batteries (SIBs) is still a challenge. In this study, the Ni/Fe/Mn elements are replaced successfully with tantalum (Ta) in the NFM lattice, which generated additional delocalized electrons and enhanced the binding ability between the transition metal and oxygen, resulting in suppressed lattice distortion during charging and discharging. This caused significant mitigation of voltage decay and improved cycle stability within the potential range of 2.0–4.2 V. The optimized Na(Ni1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3)0.97Ta0.03O2 sample achieved a reversible capacity of 162.6 mAh g−1 at a current rate of 0.1 C and 73.2 mAh g−1 at a high rate of 10 C. Additionally, the average charge/discharge potential retention reached 98% after 100 cycles, significantly mitigating the voltage decay. This work demonstrates a significant contribution towards the practical utilization of NFM cathodes in the SIBs energy storage field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron overload is common in cardiovascular disease, it is also the factor that drives ferroptosis. Noncoding RNAs play an important role in heart disease; however, their regulatory role in iron overload‐mediated ferroptosis remains much unknown. In our study, the iron overload model in mice was constructed through a high‐iron diet, and ammonium iron citrate treatment was used to mimic iron overload in vitro. We found iron overload induced ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes, which was dependent on the high expression of transferrin receptor (TFRC). MiR‐31‐5p was downregulated during iron overload; it inhibited cardiomyocyte ferroptosis by targeting TFRC. CircPIK3C2A, a highly expressed circRNA in the heart, was upregulated when iron was overloaded. CircPIK3C2A enhanced the expression of TFRC by sponging miR‐31‐5p and promoted ferroptosis during iron overload. Our results reveal a novel mechanistic insight into noncoding RNA‐based ferroptosis and identify the circPIK3C2A/miR‐31‐5p/TFRC axis as a promising therapeutic target for myocardial damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hollow fiber filter fouling is a common issue plaguing perfusion production process for biologics therapeutics, but the nature of filter foulant has been elusive. Here we studied cell culture materials especially Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell‐derived extracellular vesicles in perfusion process to determine their role in filter fouling. We found that the decrease of CHO‐derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) with 50–200 nm in diameter in perfusion permeates always preceded the increase in transmembrane pressure (TMP) and subsequent decrease in product sieving, suggesting that sEVs might have been retained inside filters and contributed to filter fouling. Using scanning electron microscopy and helium ion microscopy, we found sEV‐like structures in pores and on foulant patches of hollow fiber tangential flow filtration filter (HF‐TFF) membranes. We also observed that the Day 28 TMP of perfusion culture correlated positively with the percentage of foulant patch areas. In addition, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy‐based elemental mapping microscopy and spectroscopy analysis suggests that foulant patches had enriched cellular materials but not antifoam. Fluorescent staining results further indicate that these cellular materials could be DNA, proteins, and even adherent CHO cells. Lastly, in a small‐scale HF‐TFF model, addition of CHO‐specific sEVs in CHO culture simulated filter fouling behaviors in a concentration‐dependent manner. Based on these results, we proposed a mechanism of HF‐TFF fouling, in which filter pore constriction by CHO sEVs is followed by cake formation of cellular materials on filter membrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cell line development (CLD) plays a crucial role in the manufacturing process development of therapeutic biologics. Most biologics are produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell. Because of the nature of random transgene integration in CHO genome and CHO's inherent plasticity, stable CHO transfectants usually have a vast diversity in productivity, growth, and product quality. Thus, we often must resort to screening a large number of cell pools and clones to increase the probability of identifying the ideal production cell line, which is a very laborious and resource‐demanding process. Here we have developed a deep‐well plate (DWP) enabled high throughput (DEHT) CLD platform using 24‐well DWP (24DWP), liquid handler, and other automation components. This platform has capabilities covering the key steps of CLD including cell passaging, clone imaging and expansion, and fed‐batch production. We are the first to demonstrate the suitability of 24DWP for CLD by confirming minimal well‐to‐well and plate‐to‐plate variability and the absence of well‐to‐well cross contamination. We also demonstrated that growth, production, and product quality of 24DWP cultures were comparable to those of conventional shake flask cultures. The DEHT platform enables scientists to screen five times more cultures than the conventional CLD platform, thus significantly decreases the resources needed to identify an ideal production cell line for biologics manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium‐ion batteries with spinel Li4Ti5O12 materials as anode, which can offer fast charge times, high power output, superior safety, and long life, are considered to be a competitive choice for grid‐scale energy storage systems (ESS). Herein, a 10 Ah lithium–titanate battery with lithium cobalt oxide–lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide dual‐phase cathode is developed and its application in 100 kWh‐level ESS is investigated. The 10 Ah single battery demonstrates a specific capacity of 79 Wh kg−1 with a high‐capacity retention rate of 91.8% after 1000 cycles at 55 °C and >80% capacity retention at 15 Ccell. The 125 kWh ESS shows an energy efficiency of 97.82% and 89.97% at 0.2 and 1.5 CSystem, respectively. Self‐discharge and constant power tests indicate that the battery system is stable, thus suitable for storing intermittent power from renewable sources such as solar and wind. The system's ability of smoothing the fluctuated power is confirmed by coordinating with a wind power system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fusarium crown rot (FCR) and sharp eyespot (SE) are serious soil‐borne diseases in wheat and its relatives that have been reported to cause wheat yield losses in many areas. In this study, the expression of a cell wall invertase gene, TaCWI‐B1, was identified to be associated with FCR resistance through a combination of bulk segregant RNA sequencing and genome resequencing in a recombinant inbred line population. Two bi‐parental populations were developed to further verify TaCWI‐B1 association with FCR resistance. Overexpression lines and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutants revealed TaCWI‐B1 positively regulating FCR resistance. Determination of cell wall thickness and components showed that the TaCWI‐B1‐overexpression lines exhibited considerably increased thickness and pectin and cellulose contents. Furthermore, we found that TaCWI‐B1 directly interacted with an alpha‐galactosidase (TaGAL). EMS mutants showed that TaGAL negatively modulated FCR resistance. The expression of TaGAL is negatively correlated with TaCWI‐B1 levels, thus may reduce mannan degradation in the cell wall, consequently leading to thickening of the cell wall. Additionally, TaCWI‐B1‐overexpression lines and TaGAL mutants showed higher resistance to SE; however, TaCWI‐B1 mutants were more susceptible to SE than controls. This study provides insights into a FCR and SE resistance gene to combat soil‐borne diseases in common wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Along with the improvement of lung cancer screening implementation, the identification of interstitial lung abnormality (ILA) is increasing. Currently, there is a limited description of the oncogenic status and ILA subtypes among newly diagnosed non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with ILA in the Chinese population. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, characteristics, oncogenic status and factors associated with overall survival (OS) among NSCLC patients with ILA. Methods: A total of 765 newly diagnosed NSCLC cases at our hospital were reviewed and ILA was diagnosed according to the criteria of the Fleischner Society. The characteristics, clinical pathological features and OS of NSCLC patients with ILA were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Of the 765 patients included in the study, 101 (13.2%) cases experienced ILA at the time of NSCLC diagnosis. Multivariate analysis revealed that ILA was more likely to be detected in NSCLC patients who were age ≥60 (OR 2.404, p = 0.001), male gender (OR 2.476, p = 0.004), and EGFR wild‐type (OR 2.035, p = 0.007). Additionally, according to the multivariate Cox model, the presence of ILA in NSCLC patients was significantly associated with a shorter OS period than those without ILA (751 days vs. 445 days, HR 0.6, p = 0.001). Following analysis, it was determined that OS in patients with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) was shorter than in those without UIP (HR 1.82, p = 0.037). Conclusion: ILA is a common comorbidity among newly diagnosed NSCLC patients. We found that patients with EGFR wild‐type NSCLC were more likely to develop ILA. The presence of ILA, especially UIP, was significantly associated with poor NSCLC prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rechargeable batteries based on multivalent cation (Mvn+, n>1) carriers are considered potentially low‐cost alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries. However, the high charge‐density Mvn+ carriers generally lead to sluggish kinetics and poor structural stability in cathode materials. Herein, we report an Mvn+ storage via intercalation pseudocapacitance mechanism in a 2D bivalve‐like organic framework featured with localized ligands. By switching from conventional intercalation to localized ligand‐assisted‐intercalation pseudocapacitance, the organic cathode exhibits unprecedented fast kinetics with little structural change upon intercalation. It thus enables an excellent power density of 57 kW kg−1 over 20000 cycles for Ca2+ storage and a power density of 14 kW kg−1 with a long cycling life over 45000 cycles for Zn2+ storage. This work may provide a largely unexploited route toward constructing a local dynamic coordination microstructure for ultrafast Mvn+ storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A near‐infrared methane (CH4) and ethane (C2H6) dual‐gas sensor system based on off‐axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy was demonstrated. Simultaneous detection of CH4 and C2H6 was performed using two distributed feedback laser diodes with central wavelengths of 1654 and 1680 nm by time division multiplexing (TDM). TDM of the two lasers was realized using a self‐developed master controller based on digital signal processor. Allan deviations of 27.3 parts‐per‐billion in volume (ppbv) for CH4 and 196.4 ppbv for C2H6 were achieved at an averaging time of 1 s. The reported sensor shows potential applications in vehicle‐deployed natural gas leakage monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ultrasound‐assisted hot air drying characteristics of Phyllanthus emblica was investigated in this paper. The effects of hot air temperature (60°C, 65°C, 70°C, and 75°C), ultrasonic pretreatment time (2, 4, 6, and 8 min), and ultrasonic power (200, 250, 300, and 350 W) on the drying rate, energy consumption, color change, and rehydration rate were evaluated and compared. It was found that the drying rate of Phyllanthus emblica increased with the hot air temperature. The drying time of Phyllanthus emblica with ultrasonic pretreatment was reduced by 10.0%, 25.0%, 21.4%, and 9.0% at 60°C, 65°C, 70°C, and 75°C, respectively. However, the hot air drying was not proportionally promoted by the increase of ultrasonic power or the extension of pretreatment time. Only an appropriate ultrasonic power or pretreatment time can not only improve the drying rate and rehydration rate, but also reduce the energy consumption and the total color change of the dried samples. A new drying model that considered the influences of hot air temperature, pretreatment time, and ultrasonic power was developed to fit the drying process. The results showed that the new model can accurately predict the hot air drying process of Phyllanthus emblica with and without ultrasonic pretreatment. Practical applications: Phyllanthus emblica contains a variety of nutrients and has various biological activities. However, the harvest period and shelf life of Phyllanthus emblica is very short, and the fruit is prone to mildrew and browning after picking, which in turn leads to the loss of its nutritional and economical value. Thus, for the long‐term preservation of Phyllanthus emblica, drying techniques are needed. In the food industry, hot air drying is widely used due to its low cost and easy operation; however, it also has some disadvantages such as long drying time, the oxygen‐rich drying environment. These shortcomings lead to a low quality of dried materials. Ultrasonic pretreatment before hot air drying can improve drying efficiency without adversely affecting the drying quality of the material. In recent years, ultrasonic pretreatment before food drying has become a research hotspot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium‐ion batteries commonly exhibit a gradual loss of Li‐storage capacity during operation and storage. However, they can also abruptly lose much of their capacity in a rollover fashion (i.e., "sudden death") under aggressive but practically relevant conditions, such as high‐voltage operation or cycling at elevated temperatures. Here the origin of rollover failure is investigated in high‐energy LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2‐graphite (NCA‐Gr) batteries cycled at 55 °C. A combined chemical, structural, and electrochemical studies revealed that severe Li plating at the anode surface is the major reason causing the capacity rollover. The Li plating at elevated temperature is triggered by temperature hotspots resulting from inhomogeneous Li‐ion flux, which is a thermodynamic‐driven mechanism different from the kinetically limited one at low temperature and/or under fast‐charging conditions. A Zr(OH)4‐coated, ion‐rectifying separator is further designed to enable an NCA‐Gr pouch cell with a stable cycle performance for 600 cycles and without a sudden death at 55 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a new kind of symmetric dual Pearcey Gaussian beam (SDPGB) is introduced and their properties of auto‐focusing, self‐similarity, inversion, and self‐healing are discussed. The self‐similarity, the auto‐focusing, and the inversion properties of the propagating SDPGBs are turned out by analytical derivation and experimental observation. Additonally, a second‐order chirp factor for SDPGBs is introduced to investigate their secondary auto‐focusing and abrupt auto‐focusing properties in further detail. Finally, the effects of the obstacle diameter and the obstacle placement plane on the self‐healing of the SDPGBs are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sun becomes brighter with time, but Earth's climate is roughly temperate for life during its long‐term history; for early Earth, this is known as the faint young Sun problem (FYSP). Besides the carbonate‐silicate feedback, recent researches suggest that a long‐term cloud feedback may partially solve the FYSP. However, the general circulation models they used cannot resolve convection and clouds explicitly. This study re‐investigates the clouds using a near‐global cloud‐permitting model without cumulus convection parameterization. Our results confirm that a stabilizing shortwave cloud feedback does exist, and its magnitude is ≈6 W m−2 or 14% of the energy required to offset a 20% fainter Sun than today, or ≈10 W m−2 or 16% for a 30% fainter Sun. When insolation increases and meanwhile CO2 concentration decreases, low‐level clouds increase, acting to stabilize the climate by raising planetary albedo, and vice versa. Plain Language Summary: The emergence and evolution of life require a relatively stable climate environment. In the solar system, life has been found only on Earth and appeared since about four billion years ago. The underlying mechanisms for maintaining the long‐term climate on Earth is an important question but the answer is not completely clear. In this study, we re‐investigate a recently proposed mechanism, a stabilizing cloud feedback, using a high‐resolution cloud‐permitting model in a near‐global domain. Our simulations confirm that a stabilizing cloud feedback does exist, but its magnitude is relatively small. Key Points: A near‐global cloud‐permitting model with a resolution of 10 × 14 km is employed to test whether there is a long‐term cloud feedbackThe cloud feedback does have a net cooling effect when the Sun becomes brighter and meanwhile the CO2 concentration decreasesThese results confirm that cloud feedback is a part of the solution to the faint young Sun problem but its magnitude is relatively small [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high computational cost of Global Climate Models (GCMs) is a problem that limits their use in many areas. Recently an inverse climate modeling (InvCM) method, which fixes the global mean sea surface temperature (SST) and evolves the CO2 mixing ratio to equilibrate climate, has been implemented in a cloud‐resolving model. In this article, we apply InvCM to ExoCAM GCM aquaplanet simulations, allowing the SST pattern to evolve while maintaining a fixed global‐mean SST. We find that InvCM produces the same climate as normal slab‐ocean simulations but converges an order of magnitude faster. We then use InvCM to calculate the equilibrium CO2 for SSTs ranging from 290 to 340 K at 1 K intervals and reproduce the large increase in climate sensitivity at an SST of about 315 K at much higher temperature resolution. The speedup provided by InvCM could be used to equilibrate GCMs at higher spatial resolution or to perform broader parameter space exploration in order to gain new insight into the climate system. Additionally, InvCM could be used to find unstable and hidden climate states, and to find climate states close to bifurcations such as the runaway greenhouse transition. Plain Language Summary: A large portion of the computational cost in climate simulation is spent in the initial equilibration phase before the model produces relevant output. This is because in normal Global Climate Model (GCM) simulations, you prescribe the atmospheric CO2 and allow the surface temperature to evolve until it reaches a roughly constant global‐mean value. In this article, we instead prescribe a global‐mean surface temperature and evolve the CO2 until the GCM is in energy balance. This leads to about a factor of ten decrease in equilibration time, which represents a considerable savings of computational resources. This allows us to investigate the change in climate sensitivity as the global‐mean temperature increases at high‐temperature resolution. Although the results we describe are for an idealized model set‐up, we believe that the method can be applied more generally. Additionally, the method could be used to investigate the climate response to given SST patterns and to find climate states that are unstable and/or hidden from normal GCM simulations. Key Points: We converge a GCM by varying the CO2 while keeping the global‐mean surface temperature fixed (the inverse climate modeling method)Inverse climate modeling converges about 10 times faster than normal slab‐ocean simulationsThe SST gradient response timescale is the bottleneck on the convergence rate of inverse climate modeling [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) suffer severe capacity deterioration due to sluggish ionic transport kinetics at extremely low temperatures, which limits their practical operation. Selecting solvents with low desolvation energy, and promoting interfacial Li+ transport in solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) are regarded as effective methods to improve electrochemical performances. Herein, 1,3‐dioxolane (DOL) with weak solvating power is adopted for designing a DOL‐based localized high concentration electrolyte (DLHCE) with LiNO3 as a multifunctional additive. The strong coordination between NO3− and DOL molecules not only inhibits the polymerization of DOL at high lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) concentration, but also reduces the solvent‐diluent miscibility and extends the salt‐solvent solubility. As a result, an anion‐dominated solvation structure is obtained that derives an inorganic‐rich SEI composed of LiF and Li3N, guiding the uniform deposition of Li at low temperature. Remarkably, the Li||LiFePO4 cells retain 53.6% of room temperature capacity at −40 °C, and also present potential application of Li||NCM811 cells under cryogenic environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new type of radially polarized odd‐Pearcey Gaussian beam (RPOPGB) whose paraxial propagation in free space is studied analytically and numerically, is introduced. Intriguingly, the energy of RPOPGBs is found to auto‐focus several times with the Gaussian beam waist radius increasing to some certain extents. Furthermore, RPOPGBs exhibit a special transversal intensity distribution that has an optical trap in the center. During the propagation, at first the RPOPGBs' two main lobes auto‐focus toward the center with side lobes, and then the two main lobes separate after the end of auto‐focusing. The Poynting vectors prove that the energy variation of the lobes maintains excellent central symmetry throughout the propagation. In addition, the fractional vortices are observed from the angular momentum and phase. These findings will be of potential use to particle capture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipase member H (LIPH), a novel member of the triglyceride lipase family. The clinical implications of its expression in breast cancer are still unclear. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the associations between LIPH and the tumorigenic behaviours of 144 triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. The ratio and mammosphere‐forming ability of CD44+/CD24− stem‐like cells were tested. The role of LIPH in breast cancer cell migration and invasion was also evaluated. In addition, the effect of LIPH silencing on mitochondrial respiration was determined using the Seahorse assay. Finally, the effect of LIPH silencing on protein expression was determined via tandem mass tag‐based spectrometry and Western blotting. We found that LIPH expression was associated with metastasis in lymph nodes and distant organs (P = 0.025), resulting in poor survival among breast cancer patients (P = 0.027). LIPH knockdown significantly decreased both the ratio of CD44+/CD24− stem‐like cells and their mammosphere‐forming ability. LIPH silencing promoted apoptosis, arrested cell cycle in the G2/M phase, mitigated the oxidation‐related oxygen consumption rate in the mitochondria, and reduced metabolism. LIPH inhibited adhesion between tumour cells and enhanced the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. Tandem mass spectrometric analysis presented 68 proteins were differentially expressed in LIPH‐silenced cells and LIPH‐mediated modulation of tumour cell adhesion depended on integrin‐related CAPN2 and paxillin signalling. Overall, our findings provided strong evidence that LIPH up‐regulation promoted metastasis and the stemness of TNBC cells. Therefore, targeting LIPH is a potentially viable strategy for preventing metastasis in TNBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physicochemical properties of heterogeneous catalysts in static or inert environments often deviate greatly from the properties under in‐situ or working conditions. To gain an insightful understanding of realistic catalyst properties and the corresponding catalytic mechanisms, it is essential to identify and rationalize changes in catalysts under reaction conditions. In recent years, in‐situ transmission electron microscope (in‐situ TEM) techniques have been increasingly developed, offering a unique approach to visualize the evolution of heterogeneous catalysis with ultra‐high spatial resolution, good energy resolution and reasonable temporal resolution under controllable or even realistic catalytic conditions. In this review, we have summarized recent advances in the in‐situ TEM analysis of heterogeneous catalysis, which suggests the great potential of this technique in this important field. Furthermore, technical challenges and possible solutions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A convenient and efficient one‐step synthesis of 1,1,1‐triborylalkanes was achieved via sequential dehydrogenative borylation and double hydroborations of terminal alkynes with HBpin (HBpin=pinacolborane) catalyzed by inexpensive and readily available Cu(OAc)2. This process proceeds under mild conditions, furnishing 1,1,1‐tris(boronates) with wide substrate scope, excellent selectivity, and good functional‐group tolerance, and is applicable to gram‐scale synthesis without loss of yield. The 1,1,1‐triborylalkanes can be used in the preparation of α‐vinylboronates and borylated cyclic compounds, which are valuable but previously rare compounds. Different alkyl groups can be introduced stepwise via base‐mediated deborylative alkylation to produce racemic tertiary alkyl boronates, which can be readily transformed into useful tertiary alcohols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Photoactivatable fluorophores are essential tools for studying the dynamic molecular interactions within important biological systems with high spatiotemporal resolution. However, currently developed photoactivatable fluorophores based on conventional dyes have several limitations including reduced photoactivation efficiency, cytotoxicity, large molecular size, and complicated organic synthesis. To overcome these challenges, we herein report a class of photoactivatable fluorescent N-hydroxyoxindoles formed through the intramolecular photocyclization of substituted o-nitrophenyl ethanol (ONPE). These oxindole fluorophores afford excellent photoactivation efficiency with ultra-high fluorescence enhancement (up to 800-fold) and are small in size. Furthermore, the oxindole derivatives show exceptional biocompatibility by generating water as the only photolytic side product. Moreover, structure-activity relationship analysis clearly revealed the strong correlation between the fluorescent properties and the substituent groups, which can serve as a guideline for the further development of ONPE-based fluorescent probes with desired photophysical and biological properties. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrated the capability of a new substituted ONPE that has an uncaging wavelength of 365-405 nm and an excitation/emission at 515 and 620 nm, for the selective imaging of a cancer cell line (Hela cells) and a human neural stem cell line (hNSCs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing multicolor upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with the capability of regulating their emission wavelengths in the UV to visible range in response to external stimuli can offer more dynamic platforms for applications in high-resolution bioimaging, multicolor barcoding, and driving multiple important photochemical reactions, such as photoswitching. Here, we have rationally designed single-crystal core-shell-structured UCNPs which are capable of orthogonal UV and visible emissions in response to two distinct NIR excitations at 808 and 980 nm. The orthogonal excitation-emission properties of such UCNPs, as well as their ability to utilize low-power excitation, which attenuates any local heating from the lasers, endows the UCNPs with great potential for applications in materials and biological settings. As a proof of concept, the use of this UCNP for the efficient regulation of the two-way photoswitching of spiropyran by using dual wavelengths of NIR irradiation has been demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY We consider the problem of determining the distribution of the complex-valued shear modulus for an incompressible linear viscoelastic material undergoing infinitesimal time-harmonic deformation, given the knowledge of the displacement field in its interior. In particular, we focus on the two-dimensional problems of anti-plane shear and plane stress. These problems are motivated by applications in biomechanical imaging, where the material modulus distributions are used to detect and/or diagnose cancerous tumors. We analyze the well-posedness of the strong form of these problems and conclude that for the solution to exist, the measured displacement field is required to satisfy rather restrictive compatibility conditions. We propose a weak, or a variational formulation, and prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions under milder conditions on measured data. This formulation is derived by weighting the original PDE for the shear modulus by the adjoint operator acting on the complex-conjugate of the weighting functions. For this reason, we refer to it as the complex adjoint weighted equation (CAWE). We consider a straightforward finite element discretization of these equations with total variation regularization, and test its performance with synthetically generated and experimentally measured data. We find that the CAWE method is, in general, less diffusive than a corresponding least squares solution, and that the total variation regularization significantly improves its performance in the presence of noise. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high computational cost of Global Climate Models (GCMs) is a problem that limits their use in many areas. Recently an inverse climate modeling (InvCM) method, which fixes the global mean sea surface temperature (SST) and evolves the C O 2 mixing ratio to equilibrate climate, has been implemented in a cloud-resolving model. In this article, we apply InvCM to ExoCAM GCM aquaplanet simulations, allowing the SST pattern to evolve while maintaining a fixed global-mean SST. We find that InvCM produces the same climate as normal slab-ocean simulations but converges an order of magnitude faster. We then use InvCM to calculate the equilibrium C O 2 for SSTs ranging from 290 to 340 K at 1 K intervals and reproduce the large increase in climate sensitivity at an SST of about 315 K at much higher temperature resolution. The speedup provided by InvCM could be used to equilibrate GCMs at higher spatial resolution or to perform broader parameter space exploration in order to gain new insight into the climate system. Additionally, InvCM could be used to find unstable and hidden climate states, and to find climate states close to bifurcations such as the runaway greenhouse transition., (© 2021 The Authors. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Geophysical Union.)