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Aims: This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes and safety of endovascular treatment (EVT) in patients with primary versus secondary medium vessel occlusion (MeVO). Methods: From the endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke in the China registry, we collected consecutive patients with MeVO who received EVT. The primary endpoint was a good outcome, defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0 to 2 at 90 days. Results: 154 patients were enrolled in the final analysis, including 74 primary MeVO and 80 secondary MeVO. A good outcome at 90 days was achieved in 42 (56.8%) patients with primary MeVO and 33 (41.3%) patients with secondary MeVO. There was a higher probability of good outcomes in patients with the primary vs secondary MeVO (adjusted odds ratio, 2.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 4.46; p = 0.04). There were no significant differences in secondary and safety outcomes between MeVO groups. In the multivariable analysis, baseline ASPECTS (p = 0.001), final modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score (p = 0.01), and any ICH (p = 0.03) were significantly associated with good outcomes in primary MeVO patients, while baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (p = 0.002), groin puncture to recanalization time (p = 0.02), and early neurological improvement (p < 0.001) were factors associated with good outcome in secondary MeVO patients. Conclusion: In MeVO patients who received EVT, there was a higher likelihood of poor outcomes in patients with secondary versus primary MeVO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI‐MS) technique and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were combined to study the formation of the complexes of lanthanides (Ln = La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Yb) and actinides (UO22+, Th4+) with CyMe4‐BTBP (6,6′‐bis(5,5,8,8‐tetramethyl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐benzo‐[1,2,4‐]triazin‐3‐yl)‐[2,2′]bipyridine) to understand the mechanisms during the extraction process. Mass spectrometry titrations showed the formation of the complexation in acetonitrile. For lanthanides, only 1:2 complexes ([Ln(L)2]3+, [Ln(L)2(CH3CN)]3+), [Ln(L)2(NO3)]2+) were found at low [Ln]/[L] concentration ratios, whereas the 1:1 complexes ([Ln(L)(NO3)2]+) were observed when the [Ln]/[L] concentration ratio reached 1.0. For uranyl complexes, 1:1 complex ([UO2L(NO3)]+) was the only species within the measuring range. Th4+ complexes had two compositions: 1:1 and 1:2, in which 1:2 species was the dominant complex. Collision‐induced dissociation (CID) was employed to characterize the fragmentation process. The fragmentation process was unfolded sequentially on both sides of CyMe4‐BTBP ligand with the loss of alkyl groups and cleavage of triazinyl rings. The CID results of CyMe4‐BTBP complexes revealed a slight difference depending on the metal center. The DFT calculations showed that the stable complexes formed in acetonitrile solution were consistent with the ESI‐MS results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Cerebral circulation time (CCT) and collateral score (CS) are associated with functional outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients after endovascular treatment (EVT), and may be related to each other. We aim to determine the relationship between CS and CCT on functional outcomes. Methods: We retrospectively enrolled consecutive patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO) AIS who received EVT. CS and CCT were measured based on digital subtraction angiography (DSA). We defined CS 0–2 and 3–4 as poor and good collateral status, respectively, and used change of CCT (cCCT), which was defined as the change of stroke side CCT (sCCT) versus healthy side CCT (hCCT). Mediating analysis was used to evaluate the influence of cCCT on the association between CS and functional outcomes, and ROC curves were further used to explore the predictive ability of the interaction between cCCT and CS for functional outcomes. Results: A total of 100 patients were enrolled in the final analysis. A higher cCCT (r = −0.239; p = 0.017) was associated with lower CS, and cCCT mediated the association of CS with functional outcome. Logistic regression analysis found that CS, cCCT and cCCT‐CS interactions were independently associated with functional outcome, and cCCT‐CS interaction has better predictive performance, with a higher area under curve value than CS or cCCT alone (0.79 vs. 0.75 or 0.75). Interpretation: To our knowledge, this study provides the first report of the association of collateral status with cCCT, and their interaction effect on functional outcome in AIS‐LVO patients receiving EVT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The determination of isotope ratios in individual uranium particles is very important for nuclear safeguards. In this work, accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS), and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) were applied to isotope ratio analysis of individual uranium particles and compared in terms of background, measurement accuracy, and efficiency. Several individual uranium particles (1–7 μm) from certified reference materials were used as samples. The results show that the average values of blank counting rate of 235U for AMS, FT‐TIMS (FT: fission track), SEM‐TIMS (SEM: scanning electron microscope), and SIMS were 7.3, 7.8, 2.7 and 2.2 cps, respectively. The relative error of 234U/235U and 234U/236U isotope ratios of the particles from U200 for AMS were within 10% and 20%, whereas the results of FT‐TIMS and SIMS were within 5% and 10%, respectively. The relative error and external precision of 234U/238U and 235U/238U of the particles from U850 for the method of AMS, SEM‐TIMS, and SIMS were within 10% and 5%, respectively. For 236U/238U, the average values of the relative error and external precision measured by AMS were within 5%, which measured by SEM‐TIMS and SIMS were all within 10%. AMS has advantages in measuring 236U/238U. The measurement time of AMS and SEM‐TIMS was shorter than that of FT‐TIMS and longer than that of SIMS. It is considered that AMS and SEM‐TIMS have a certain development prospect, and it is necessary to research deeply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple, cost‐effective, sensitive, and quick method for the determination of nitenpyram and its metabolite 6‐chloronicotinic acid in environmental samples was developed by coupling an ion chromatograph with a fluorescence detector and a post‐column photochemical reactor. This developed analytical method involved a rapid sample extraction by modified and miniaturized quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method followed by isocratic ion chromatographic separation of nitenpyram and 6‐chloronicotinic acid into an IonPac™ AS11‐HC column protected by IonPac™ AG11A guard column by running 30 mM NaOH + 10% acetonitrile mobile phase. A homemade post‐column photochemical reactor was also integrated with the ion chromatographic system for online transformation of both analytes into their respective highly fluorescent photoproduct in basic media without using an extra pump. The developed method was validated by following SANTE/11945/2015 guidelines on analytical quality control and validation procedures. The method showed a good linear response (r > 0.999), improved limit of detection (0.101–0.132 μg/L), minimum or no matrix effect, excellent recoveries (90.2–100.10%) and relative standard deviations were found to be ≤6.50%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A directly-coupled-column ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection method for the determination of 12 allergenic disperse dyes in river water at sub-ppb levels has been developed and successfully validated. The analytical method is based on the use of two different reversed-phased columns connected through a two-position switching valve. A baseline separation was achieved by proper selection of stationary phases, mobile phases, and the use of a gradient elution in both dimensions. Furthermore, an easy-to-handle magnetic solid-phase extraction procedure was developed for the preconcentration of 12 allergenic disperse dyes from river water. An enrichment factor of 100 times was obtained. The results showed excellent performance in terms of trueness (76.8-99.0%), precision (intraday: 2.2-8.0%, interday: 3.3-8.2%), and sensitivity (limits of determination, 0.027-1.46 μg/L). Twenty real samples collected from the outfalls in the Yaojiang, Yongjiang and Fenghuajiang estuary were analyzed, and three of the studied compounds were found in one collected sample (12.6 μg/L for disperse blue 7, 11.6 μg/L for disperse blue 106, and 0.22 μg/L for disperse blue 3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel triethylenetetramine-functionalized magnetic graphene oxide composite was prepared and used as a magnetic solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the fast detection of ten trace-level phenolic environmental estrogens in environmental water. The synthesized material was carefully characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to confirm the structure and components. The adsorption and desorption conditions of the adsorbent toward phenolic environmental estrogens were optimized in detailed to obtain the best extraction recovery and elution efficiency. Under the optimum conditions, the limits of detection of the method for ten phenolic environmental estrogens were in range of 0.15-1.5 ng/L, which was lower than the reported methods for phenolic environmental estrogens detection in literatures. This could be contributed to the unique structure and property of the as-prepared material. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of environmental water samples with recoveries ranging from 88.5 to 105.6%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel, simple, and sensitive method based on the use of dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction (d- μ-SPE) procedure combined with ultra-fast liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS/MS) for the determination of memantine (ME) was developed and validated over the linearity range 0.05-10.0 µg/L with 100 μL of human plasma using memantine-D6 (ME-D6) as the internal standard. The novel nanoring carboxyl-functionalized paramagnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (NR-CF-Mag-MIP) was synthesized by ultrasound-assisted suspension polymerization, using ME as a template molecule, methacrylic acid as a functional monomer, and divinylbenzene as a cross-linking agent. The NR-CF-Mag-MIP was used as the d- μ-SPE sorbent to extract ME from human plasma samples. The obtained results demonstrated the higher extraction capacity of NR-CF-Mag-MIP with recoveries between 97.6 and 101%. The limits of quantification (LOQs) for ME was 0.015 µg/L. Validation results on linearity, specificity, accuracy, precision, and stability, as well as on application to the analysis of samples taken up to 480 h after oral administration of 20 mg (two 10 mg capsules) of ME in healthy volunteers demonstrated the applicability to bioequivalence studies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Despite successful recanalization, up to half of patients with acute ischemic stroke caused by large-vessel occlusion treated with endovascular treatment (EVT) do not recover to functional independence. We aim to evaluate the role of cerebral circulation time (CCT) as outcome predictor after EVT. Methods and Results We retrospectively enrolled consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke-large-vessel occlusion undergoing EVT. Three categories of CCT based on digital subtraction angiography were studied: CCT of the stroke side, CCT of the healthy side), and change of CCT of the stroke side versus CCT of the healthy side. Dramatic clinical recovery was defined as a 24-hour National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≤2 or ≥8 points drop. A modified Rankin Scale score ≤2 at 3 months was considered a favorable outcome. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the prediction of CCT on prognosis. One hundred patients were enrolled, of which 38 (38.0%) experienced a dramatic clinical recovery and 43 (43.0%) achieved a favorable outcome. Logistic regression analysis found that shorter change of CCT of the stroke side versus CCT of the healthy side and CCT of the stroke side were independent positive prognostic factors for dramatic clinical recovery (odds ratio [OR], 0.189; P =0.033; OR, 0.581; P =0.035) and favorable outcomes (OR, 0.142; P =0.020; OR, 0.581; P =0.046) after adjustment for potential confounders. A model including the change of CCT of the stroke side versus CCT of the healthy side also had significantly higher area under the curve values compared with the baseline model in patients with dramatic clinical recovery (0.780 versus 0.742) or favorable outcome (0.759 versus 0.713). Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report that CCT based on digital subtraction angiography data exhibits an independent predictive performance for clinical outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke-large-vessel occlusion after EVT. Given that this readily available CCT can provide alternative perfusion information during EVT, a prospective, multicenter trial is warranted.