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Recently, full Poincaré beams (FPBs) with spatially variant polarization states spanning the entire surface of the Poincaré sphere have attracted considerable interests. Expanding the FPBs into an array way has the promising applications from multiparticle manipulation to optical communication. However, how to efficiently generate a high‐purity FPB array with intracavity method remains elusive. Here, a metasurface‐integrated degenerate cavity laser is proposed for efficient generation of 10 × 10 FPB array, where a pair of metasurfaces are adopted to independently modulate the circular polarization state while compensating the mode discrepancies within the cavity. Such a design strategy enables a self‐reproducing intracavity optical field, concurrently ensuring the stabilization of intracavity oscillation. It is numerically demonstrated that the purity of orbital angular momentum (OAM) in the first‐order FPB array can approach to 92.89%, with a root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) of polarization ellipse parameters below 8.17%. This work provides a compact and efficient design platform for the generation of a variety of vector beam arrays and may find promising applications in free space communication and multiple particle manipulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Plant leaf senescence, caused by multiple internal and environmental factors, has an important impact on agricultural production. The lectin receptor‐like kinase (LecRLK) family members participate in plant development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, but their roles in regulating leaf senescence remain elusive. Here, we identify and characterize a rice premature withered leaf 1 (pwl1) mutant, which exhibits premature leaf senescence throughout the plant life cycle. The pwl1 mutant displayed withered and whitish leaf tips, decreased chlorophyll content, and accelerated chloroplast degradation. Map‐based cloning revealed an amino acid substitution (Gly412Arg) in LOC_Os03g62180 (PWL1) was responsible for the phenotypes of pwl1. The expression of PWL1 was detected in all tissues, but predominantly in tillering and mature leaves. PWL1 encodes a G‐type LecRLK with active kinase and autophosphorylation activities. PWL1 is localized to the plasma membrane and can self‐associate, mainly mediated by the plasminogen‐apple‐nematode (PAN) domain. Substitution of the PAN domain significantly diminished the self‐interaction of PWL1. Moreover, the pwl1 mutant showed enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, cell death, and severe DNA fragmentation. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that PWL1 was involved in the regulation of multiple biological processes, like carbon metabolism, ribosome, and peroxisome pathways. Meanwhile, interfering of biological processes induced by the PWL1 mutation also enhanced heat sensitivity and resistance to bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak with excessive accumulation of ROS and impaired chloroplast development in rice. Natural variation analysis indicated more variations in indica varieties, and the vast majority of japonica varieties harbour the PWL1Hap1 allele. Together, our results suggest that PWL1, a member of LecRLKs, exerts multiple roles in regulating plant growth and development, heat‐tolerance, and resistance to bacterial pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification has been implicated in the progression of obesity and metabolic diseases. However, its impact on beige fat biology is not well understood. Here, via m6A‐sequencing and RNA‐sequencing, this work reports that upon beige adipocytes activation, glycolytic genes undergo major events of m6A modification and transcriptional activation. Genetic ablation of m6A writer Mettl3 in fat tissues reveals that Mettl3 deficiency in mature beige adipocytes leads to suppressed glycolytic capability and thermogenesis, as well as reduced preadipocytes proliferation via glycolytic product lactate. In addition, specific modulation of Mettl3 in beige fat via AAV delivery demonstrates consistently Mettl3's role in glucose metabolism, thermogenesis, and beige fat hyperplasia. Mechanistically, Mettl3 and m6A reader Igf2bp2 control mRNA stability of key glycolytic genes in beige adipocytes. Overall, these findings highlight the significance of m6A on fat biology and systemic energy homeostasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) combined with gas chromatography‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (GC‐TOFMS) was used to detect and analyse the volatile components of five samples with different degrees of fragmentation, combined with cluster analysis, orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis (OPLS‐DA) and relative odour activity value (ROAV) analysis. The results showed that 70 volatile components were detected and identified in samples with different degrees of fragmentation. 40 were co‐containing components. Cluster analysis revealed a high degree of similarity between samples B (20 mesh sieve top) and C (40 mesh sieve top), which were grouped into one category. The order of variation in the relative content of volatile components was A (unbroken) > E (120 mesh sieve top) > D (80 mesh sieve top) > B. C; the OPLS‐DA analysis revealed significant differences in the volatile composition of rice samples with different degrees of fragmentation, This variation between samples is mainly due to the relative content of volatile components of 36 projections of variable importance (VIP > 1), such as ethyl butyrate, ethyl phenylacetate, and dimethyl trisulfide. A total of 12 volatile components with ROAV > 1, including ethyl hexanoate, 2‐acetyl‐1‐pyrroline, and E‐2‐nonenal, were found to be the key volatile components in five samples based on their ROAV, the different degrees of crushing had a greater impact on the overall aroma of the rice, and the results can be used as a reference for further rice processors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) are a specialized type of stromal cells that exclusively reside in B‐cell follicles. When inflammation occurs, the FDC network is reorganized to support germinal center (GC) polarization into the light zone (LZ) and dark zone (DZ). Despite the indispensable role of FDCs in supporting humoral responses, the FDC regulatory requirements remain incompletely defined. In this study, we unexpectedly observed an accumulation of CD169+ subcapsular sinus macrophage (SSM)‐derived microvesicles (MVs) in the B‐cell zone, which were tightly associated with the FDC network. Interestingly, a selective deposition of CD169+ MVs was detected in both GC LZ FDCs in secondary follicles and on predetermined LZ FDCs in primary follicles. The ablation of CD169+ MVs, resulting from SSM depletion, resulted in significantly decreased expression of LZ‐related genes in FDCs. In addition, we found that CD169+ MVs could colocalize with fluorescently tagged antigen‐containing immune complexes (ICs), supporting a possible role of CD169+ MVs in transporting antigens to the FDC network. Thus, our data reveal intimate crosstalk between FDCs and SSMs located outside B‐cell follicles via SSM‐released MVs, providing a novel perspective on the mechanisms underlying the regulation of FDC maturation and polarization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polydopamine (PDA) has been applied widely in electronic elements, environmental management, and biomedical science. However, simple, mild, ultrathin, and template‐free 2D PDA (2D‐PDA) fabrication is still a big challenge. Herein, single‐layered 2D‐PDA is fabricated via an oxidation‐based exfoliation route by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The thickness of 2D‐PDA is 3.4 Å, similar to that of single‐layered graphene. Melanin‐like 2D‐PDA with a photothermal conversion rate (η) of 27.16% is a promising hyperthermia agent in cancer treatment (photothermal therapy, PTT). Furthermore, the plane‐oriented orientation 2D‐PDA with a high surface area is designed as a zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc, a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy, PDT) carrier to fabricate nanomedicine (denoted PZNSs). Upon the combined light irradiation, PZNSs achieve satisfactory synergistic anticancer efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]